CN112147227A - Angular distance instrument for ultrasonic angular measurement and use method thereof - Google Patents

Angular distance instrument for ultrasonic angular measurement and use method thereof Download PDF

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CN112147227A
CN112147227A CN202011007018.6A CN202011007018A CN112147227A CN 112147227 A CN112147227 A CN 112147227A CN 202011007018 A CN202011007018 A CN 202011007018A CN 112147227 A CN112147227 A CN 112147227A
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scale
graduated scale
angular distance
measuring
movable
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王大勇
魏志文
韩春雷
刘岩
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Langfang City Sunshine Construction Quality Inspection Co ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04Analysing solids
    • G01N29/07Analysing solids by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B5/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
    • G01B5/02Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B5/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
    • G01B5/24Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01CMEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C9/00Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels
    • G01C9/18Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels by using liquids
    • G01C9/24Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels by using liquids in closed containers partially filled with liquid so as to leave a gas bubble
    • G01C9/34Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels by using liquids in closed containers partially filled with liquid so as to leave a gas bubble of the tubular type, i.e. for indicating the level in one direction only
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details

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Abstract

The invention discloses an angular distance instrument for ultrasonic angular measurement and a use method thereof, wherein the angular distance instrument comprises a fixed graduated scale, a movable graduated scale and a vernier angle scale dial plate; the invention relates to an angle distance measuring instrument, which is characterized in that a tubular leveling instrument is arranged in the middle of two graduated scales, a fixed graduated scale is movably connected with a vernier angle scale disc, and a movable graduated scale is fixedly connected with the vernier angle scale disc.

Description

Angular distance instrument for ultrasonic angular measurement and use method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of concrete compressive strength measurement by a comprehensive method of measurement and ultrasonic rebound, in particular to an angular distance meter and application and a using method thereof.
Background
Concrete is the most common building material in modern times, the compression strength of concrete is one of the most important detection points in engineering acceptance, and the concrete strength is strictly regulated in the current national standards of acceptance of construction quality of concrete structure engineering GB 50204 and evaluation of concrete strength GB 50107.
In the prior art, common concrete strength detection technologies are divided into nondestructive detection and micro-damage detection, the nondestructive detection mainly comprises a rebound method, a comprehensive method and an ultrasonic method, the micro-damage detection mainly comprises a core drilling method, a pulling-out method, a post-anchoring method, a straight pulling method and the like, the ultrasonic rebound comprehensive method is a nondestructive detection method developed in the twenty-60 th century, and is widely applied to construction, municipal administration, railways and highway systems in China due to high test precision.
However, in the above national standards, the compressive strength of a cubic test piece is used to test the strength and quality of concrete, which may cause the quality of the test piece to be inconsistent with that of the concrete of a structural entity for various reasons, and in actual engineering, the compressive strength of the concrete of the existing building structural member in the current age period needs to be detected.
Therefore, the domestic current industry standard JGJ/T294-: 2005 technical specification for detecting concrete strength by ultrasonic springback synthesis stipulates a concrete operation method for detecting concrete strength by ultrasonic springback synthesis, which also includes a method for measuring a structure in use; however, in actual engineering detection, obstacles such as walls, pipelines and the like often exist beside a detected member, that is, only 2 adjacent side surfaces are available for detection, that is, 2 ultrasonic transducer probes cannot be arranged in a paired detection manner for performing acoustic detection, and only a pair of ultrasonic transducer probes can be arranged in an angular detection manner for performing acoustic detection, according to CECS 02: the specification in appendix B of the 2005 specification can be used to measure the sound velocity in concrete by angular measurement, where the ultrasonic ranging is calculated according to the formula:
Figure BDA0002696279730000021
in the formula IiUltrasonic range value, l, for the angle measurement of the ith measurement point1iAnd l2iObtaining corresponding ultrasonic angular sound velocity according to the ratio of the ultrasonic distance measurement value to the sound time of the corresponding ultrasonic angular measurement point for measuring the distance between the transducer of the ith angular measurement point and the corner of the component; according to the regulation requirement, assuming that the corner of the component is a right angle, adopting a steel tape or a steel plate ruler, measuring the vertical distance of the two measuring areas at the edges of the two sides of the two measuring areas point by point, and taking the average value of the vertical distances corresponding to the two edges as the ultrasonic distance measurement value l of the measuring point1、l2
However, the measurement method described in the above protocol has the following problems: the measurement by using a steel tape or a straight steel ruler is easy to skew and cause errors, the corner of a component in actual engineering is not necessarily a right angle of 90 degrees, and sometimes the corner of the component is a round corner or an acute angle or a missing angle, so that the measurement cannot be performed according to CECS 02: the 2005 regulation carries on the ultrasonic angle sound velocity calculation, or the error exceeds the range requirement of 2%, if the numerical value with error is substituted into the comprehensive method and measures the strong curve, the concrete strength estimated value that is got will appear the great deviation, influence the accuracy of the measured result, therefore need invent one to adopt, kick-back angle measure way detect actual member concrete compressive strength, can measure accurately receive, send transducer distance and angular distance appearance of included angle from member corner.
In view of this, the invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an angular distance meter which can solve the problems that when the angular distance meter is used for ultrasonic distance measurement in angular measurement, the distance accuracy of a receiving transducer and a transmitting transducer from the corner of a component is low by using a steel tape or a steel ruler, and the measurement is difficult or the error is too large when the corner of the component is not a 90-degree right angle or the corner is a round angle, an acute angle or an unfilled angle.
The invention also discloses the application of the angular distance instrument in the ultrasonic rebound angle measurement method for detecting the compressive strength of concrete, the numerical value of the included angle between the indication value of the transducer measuring point from the zero point of the angular distance instrument and the transducer measuring points of the ultrasonic angular measurement area of two adjacent measurable surfaces is accurately measured by using the angular distance instrument, the calculation value precision of the straight line distance between the geometric centers of the transducers is improved, and the accuracy of the calculation value according to CECS02 is further improved: the method specified in the 2005 specification measures the accuracy of the compressive strength of concrete.
The invention also discloses application of the angular distance meter in measuring the height and end surface flatness of the core sample test piece and measuring the width of the weld joint of the steel structure.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that an angular distance instrument is provided, which comprises: a vernier angle ruler dial, a fixed graduated scale, a movable graduated scale and a tubular level; the fixed graduated scale is movably connected with the vernier angle scale disc, the movable graduated scale is fixedly connected with the vernier angle scale disc, the middle parts of the body of the movable graduated scale and the body of the fixed graduated scale are provided with tubular levels, and the body of the movable graduated scale and the body of the fixed graduated scale are provided with scales.
Preferably, the fixed graduated scale and the vernier angle scale dial are movably connected through the adjustable fastening device, so that when a plurality of measuring points on the same component to be measured need to be measured continuously, the angle does not need to be adjusted again, and the testing efficiency is improved.
Preferably, the length of the fixed graduated scale and the movable graduated scale is more than 250mm, and the requirement of the rule that the distance between a measuring point and a corner part is more than 200mm is met.
Preferably, the lengths of the fixed graduated scale and the movable graduated scale are 350mm, the scale ranges on the body of the fixed graduated scale and the movable graduated scale are 10 mm-300 mm, and the minimum scale is 0.5 mm.
Preferably, the angular distance gauge is made of a metal material, particularly an aluminum material.
The invention also discloses the application of the angular distance instrument: the angular distance meter can be used for measuring the linear distance between two points which are not on the same plane, and basically the measuring method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a ruler body of a fixed graduated ruler is attached to a point to be measured or a surface to be measured, and the bubble of a tubular level on the fixed graduated ruler is kept centered;
adjusting a vernier angle ruler dial to enable the ruler body of the movable graduated scale to be attached to another point to be measured or a surface to be measured, and keeping the bubble of the tubular level on the movable graduated scale centered;
and step three, respectively reading the indicating values of the two points to be measured from the zero scale of the scale and the angle numerical value of the vernier angle scale disc, calculating the linear distance between the two points according to the cosine law, or marking the points to be measured with a specific distance from the zero point of the scale on the surface to be measured according to the scale value on the scale, and then calculating the linear distance between the points to be measured according to the cosine law.
Preferably, the angular distance meter of the invention can be used for measuring the distance between the center of the transducer which transmits and receives the non-metal ultrasonic wave and the edge of the corner of the testing member when the concrete strength is detected by a rebound ultrasonic angle measurement method, or measuring the distance between the measuring point of the transducer and the zero point of the angular distance meter under the condition that the corner of the member is not right-angled (or missing).
Preferably, the method for measuring the distance between the center of the transducer which transmits and receives the non-metal ultrasonic wave and the corner edge of the test member comprises the following steps:
arranging ultrasonic angle measurement areas on two adjacent surfaces of a component;
step two, erecting the angular distance instrument at the corner of the component, enabling the fixed graduated scale to be tightly attached to one side face, and enabling the air bubble of the tubular level on the fixed graduated scale to be centered;
step three, adjusting a vernier angle ruler dial to enable the movable graduated scale to be attached to the other side face, and enabling the air bubble of the tubular level on the movable graduated scale to be centered;
fourthly, confirming the bubble centers of the tubular levels on the fixed graduated scale and the movable graduated scale again, marking the positions of the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer, and recording the angle scale clamping reading of the vernier angle scale disc and the numerical values of the fixed graduated scale and the movable graduated scale;
step five, arranging 3 measuring points in each measuring area by the same method, and measuring the distance l between the transducer and the corneri,1And li,2And an included angle alpha, and calculating the distance l of the ultrasonic wave passing through the concrete according to the cosine lawiThe formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002696279730000051
preferably, the angular distance instrument can be used for other steps in construction engineering detection, specifically, the angular distance instrument can be used for measuring the height and the end face flatness of a core sample test piece including a concrete core sample, can also be used for measuring the width of a steel structure welding seam, and can also be used for measuring the chord length of a steel pipe.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: through the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the method has the following obvious advantages:
1. the graduated scale with the tubular level is adopted, the vernier angle scale disc is used for measuring the included angle integrally, the distance between points to be measured can be measured more accurately by comparing a steel tape or a steel ruler which is specified in the procedure, the use is more convenient, the inaccurate measurement caused by the inclination of the steel tape or the steel ruler during the measurement is avoided, and the measurement precision can be improved no matter when the graduated scale is used for measuring the geometric center distance of a transducer or other construction engineering quality detection field detection steps.
2. The two graduated scales are connected with each other through the vernier angle scale disc, and when the included angle of the measuring area is not 90 degrees or even the corner is missing, the ultrasonic distance measurement can be calculated by reading the value of the distance between the measuring point of the transducer and the zero point of the angle distance meter and the value of the included angle between the measuring points of the two adjacent measurable surface ultrasonic angle measuring area transducers.
3. The vernier angle scale dial, the fixed graduated scale and the movable graduated scale are made of metal materials, particularly aluminum materials, and are lighter and more portable than steel rulers and steel tape measures.
4. The lengths of the fixed graduated scale and the movable graduated scale are more than 250mm, the graduated scale range is 10-300 mm, the minimum graduated unit is 0.5mm, and the requirements of CECS 02: the requirement that the distance between a measuring point and a corner is more than 200mm is required in the 2005 specification, and the precision is higher.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an angular distance gauge according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of ultrasonic ranging using an angular distance meter according to the present invention in example 2;
description of reference numerals:
1: a vernier angle scale dial plate; 2: fixing a graduated scale; 3: a movable scale; 4: a tubular level; f: a transmitting transducer; s: receiving transducer
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms also include the plural forms unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, and further, it is understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of the stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the invention discloses an angular distance instrument, which comprises a vernier angle scale dial 1, a fixed graduated scale 2 and a movable graduated scale 3;
the fixed graduated scale 2 is movably connected with the vernier angle scale dial 1 through an adjustable fastening device, the movable graduated scale 3 is fixedly connected with the vernier angle scale dial 1, and a tubular level 4 is arranged in the middle of the body of the movable graduated scale 3 and the body of the fixed graduated scale 2;
the vernier angle scale dial 1, the fixed scale 2 and the movable scale 3 are made of aluminum material.
The fixed scale 2 and the movable scale 3 are 400mm in length.
The scales on the fixed scale 2 and the movable scale 3 are 10 mm-300 mm, and the minimum scale unit is 0.5 mm.
Example 2
When the angular distance measuring instrument is used for angular ultrasonic distance measurement, the method shown in figure 2 is adopted for measurement and calculation, and the method comprises the following steps:
arranging ultrasonic angle measurement areas on two adjacent surfaces of a component;
secondly, holding the angular distance instrument by hand, erecting the instrument at the corner of a concrete column member, erecting the angular distance instrument at the corner of the member, enabling the fixed graduated scale 2 to be tightly attached to one side surface, and enabling the air bubble of the tubular level 4 on the fixed graduated scale 2 to be centered;
step three, adjusting the vernier angle ruler dial 1 to enable the movable graduated scale 3 to be attached to the other side face, and enabling the air bubble of the tubular level 4 on the movable graduated scale 3 to be centered;
fourthly, confirming the bubble centers of the tubular levels 4 on the fixed graduated scale 2 and the movable graduated scale 3 again, marking the positions of the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer, and recording the reading of the included angle of the vernier angle scale dial 1 and the numerical values of the fixed graduated scale 2 and the movable graduated scale 4;
step five, arranging 3 measuring points in each measuring area by the same method, and measuring the distance l between the transducer and the corneri,1And li,2And an included angle alpha, and calculating the distance l of the ultrasonic wave passing through the concrete according to the cosine lawiThe formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002696279730000071
and dividing the distance by the sound of the corresponding two measuring points to obtain the sound velocity of the concrete at the ultrasonic angle measuring point.
While there have been shown and described what are at present considered the fundamental principles and essential features of the invention and its advantages, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing exemplary embodiments, but is capable of other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An angular distance gauge, comprising: a vernier angle ruler dial, a fixed graduated scale, a movable graduated scale and a tubular level;
the fixed graduated scale is movably connected with the vernier angle scale disc, the movable graduated scale is fixedly connected with the vernier angle scale disc, the middle parts of the body of the movable graduated scale and the body of the fixed graduated scale are provided with tubular levels, and the body of the movable graduated scale and the body of the fixed graduated scale are provided with scales.
2. An angular distance instrument according to claim 1, wherein the fixed scale and vernier angle dial are movably connected by adjustable fastening means.
3. An angular distance instrument according to claim 1, wherein the fixed and movable scales are greater than 250mm in length.
4. The angular distance instrument according to claim 1, wherein the fixed graduated scale and the movable graduated scale have a length of 350mm, the scale on the body of the fixed graduated scale and the movable graduated scale ranges from 10mm to 300mm, and the minimum scale is 0.5 mm.
5. An angular distance instrument according to claim 1, wherein said angular distance instrument is made of metal.
6. An angular distance instrument according to claim 1 or 5, wherein said instrument is made of aluminium.
7. Use of the angular distance instrument of claim 1 for measuring a linear distance between two points not on the same plane, by:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a ruler body of a fixed graduated ruler is attached to a point to be measured or a surface to be measured, and the bubble of a tubular level on the fixed graduated ruler is kept centered;
adjusting a vernier angle ruler dial to enable the ruler body of the movable graduated scale to be attached to another point to be measured or a surface to be measured, and keeping the bubble of the tubular level on the movable graduated scale centered;
and step three, respectively reading the indicating values of the two points to be measured from the zero scale of the scale and the angle numerical value of the vernier angle scale disc, calculating the linear distance between the two points according to the cosine law, or marking the points to be measured with a specific distance from the zero point of the scale on the surface to be measured according to the scale value on the scale, and then calculating the linear distance between the points to be measured according to the cosine law.
8. Use of an angular distance gauge according to claim 7, wherein the angular distance gauge can be used for detecting concrete strength by rebound ultrasound angular measurement, in particular for measuring the distance between the center of a transducer emitting and receiving non-metallic ultrasonic waves and the edge of a corner of a test member, or for measuring the distance between a measuring point of the transducer and the zero point of the angular distance gauge in the case of a non-right angle (or absence) of the corner of the member.
9. Use of an angular distance instrument according to claim 7, wherein the angular distance instrument can be used for measuring the height and end face flatness of a core sample test piece, or for measuring the width of a steel structure weld, or for measuring the chord length of a steel pipe.
10. Use of the angular distance instrument according to claim 8, characterized in that the measuring method comprises:
arranging ultrasonic angle measurement areas on two adjacent surfaces of a component;
step two, erecting the angular distance instrument at the corner of the component, enabling the fixed graduated scale to be tightly attached to one side face, and enabling the air bubble of the tubular level on the fixed graduated scale to be centered;
step three, adjusting a vernier angle ruler dial to enable the movable graduated scale to be attached to the other side face, and enabling the air bubble of the tubular level on the movable graduated scale to be centered;
fourthly, confirming the bubble centers of the tubular levels on the fixed graduated scale and the movable graduated scale again, marking the positions of the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer, and recording the angle scale clamping reading of the vernier angle scale disc and the numerical values of the fixed graduated scale and the movable graduated scale;
step five, arranging 3 measuring points in each measuring area by the same method, and measuring the distance l between the transducer and the corneri,1And li,2And an included angle alpha, and calculating the distance l of the ultrasonic wave passing through the concrete according to the cosine lawiThe formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0002696279720000021
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CN113091552B (en) * 2021-04-06 2023-04-07 江苏徐工工程机械研究院有限公司 Accurate fillet weld size measuring tool and method

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Application publication date: 20201229