CN112144141A

CN112144141A - Copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide fiber and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN112144141A
Application number: CN202010964641.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 肖茹; 陈爽; 郑裕磊; 刘畅; 刘可; 杨自由; 顾磊; 王华平
Original assignee: Donghua University
Current assignee: Donghua University; National Dong Hwa University
Priority date: 2020-09-15
Filing date: 2020-09-15
Publication date: 2020-12-29
Anticipated expiration: 2040-09-15
Also published as: CN112144141B

Abstract

The invention relates to a copolymerization flame-retardant polyamide fiber and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: taking the flame-retardant polyamide copolymer as all or part of spinning raw materials to carry out spinning to prepare copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide fiber; the flame-retardant polyamide copolymer is prepared by mixing a flame retardant salt with polyamide 6 oligomer and/or polyamide 66 oligomer and then carrying out polycondensation reaction; the flame retardant salt is prepared from DOPO derivative and diamine NH₂R₂NH₂Is prepared by high-temperature high-pressure reaction; the high temperature is 200-250 ℃, and the high pressure is 1.2-1.8 MPa; the main material of the finally prepared copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide fiber is flame-retardant polyamide copolymer. The preparation method of the invention has simple operation, the flame-retardant polyamide copolymer has excellent flame retardance and good spinnability, and the prepared copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide fiber has flame retardanceThe functional fiber can meet the requirements of the fields of medical treatment and sanitation, professional clothing, home textiles of clothing and the like in modern life on the flame-retardant polyamide fiber.

Description

Copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide fiber and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of synthesis of flame-retardant polyamide fibers, and relates to a copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide fiber and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a novel preparation method of a flame retardant salt and a preparation method of a phosphorus-containing copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide functional fiber.

Background

Polyamide (PA) is the earliest synthetic fiber developed to produce fabrics with excellent chemical resistance, abrasion resistance, flexibility and dyeability. However, polyamide 6 has low impact resistance, while polyamide 66 has high melting point and narrow processing temperature range, which limits the application of the two in some fields. Therefore, the polyamide 66 and the polyamide 6 are subjected to copolymerization modification by a melt copolymerization method to prepare the polyamide 66/6 composite material, so that the advantages and the disadvantages of the two polyamide materials can be complemented, and the comprehensive performance can be improved.

The limit oxygen index of the polyamide fiber is only 21-24%, and the fire spread caused by ignition or combustion supporting of the fiber product seriously harms the life and property safety of people. Therefore, the development of flame retardant polyamide 6/66 fibers is imperative. At present, polyamide fiber flame-retardant modification technologies comprise a post-finishing method, a blending method, a composite spinning method and a polymerization method. The post-finishing method utilizes plasma, radiation and the like to graft the flame retardant to a molecular chain or coat the flame retardant material on the surface of fiber and fabric, wherein the former has certain damage to the structure of the fiber and is not beneficial to industrial production, and the latter has large dosage of the flame retardant, poor flame retardant durability of products and influences the hand feeling, strength, color and the like of the products; the blending method directly mixes the additive flame retardant, and needs higher addition amount to obtain ideal flame retardant effect, while the polyamide spinning has higher requirements on the particle size and dispersion of the flame retardant, and the blending method is usually a method for preparing polyamide for flame-retardant engineering plastics; the composite spinning method is characterized in that the flame-retardant fiber and the common fiber are compounded to prepare the flame-retardant fiber with a special structure, the method has high requirements on spinning equipment and is only suitable for fiber products with special requirements; the polymerization method comprises an in-situ polymerization method and a copolymerization method, wherein the in-situ polymerization method is used for directly preparing the flame-retardant polyamide by adding an additive flame retardant into a polymerization monomer, and the copolymerization method is used for taking a flame-retardant compound as a reaction monomer to participate in polymerization and introducing a flame-retardant element into a polyamide molecular chain. The copolymerization method modified polyamide flame retardant has the advantages of small addition amount, little influence on spinnability and mechanical property of polyamide, good water washing resistance of fiber and lasting flame retardant effect, and is a relatively ideal flame retardant modification method. Chinese patents (publication numbers CN106633043A, CN106675007A and the like) all prepare flame-retardant polyamide by a copolymerization method, the flame retardant salt is prepared at low temperature (60-90 ℃) and normal pressure, the reaction activity is low, the polymer molecular weight is seriously reduced when the flame retardant is used in a large amount, and the flame retardant monomer and diamine are not connected by a covalent bond under the condition, so that the flame retardant salt is easily damaged in the later polymerization process, thereby influencing the polymerization process.

Along with the improvement of science and technology and the improvement of the living standard of people, the demand of various fields on the functional composite type flame-retardant polyamide fiber is increased in addition to the requirement on the flame-retardant performance of the polyamide fiber. Chinese patent CN110820080A provides a composite fiber with a core layer of antibacterial and deodorant fiber and flame-retardant fiber, and the composite fiber has better antibacterial, deodorant, warm-keeping and flame-retardant effects. At present, functional fiber fabrics often have only single functionality, and high-end functional fiber fabrics usually need multiple functions to be compounded to meet different application requirements. The fiber fabric generally has microorganisms, can quickly reproduce under a humid condition, and is easy to cause skin infection after contacting the skin; static electricity is common in the production, processing and use of polyamide fibers and can cause serious safety problems; the traditional fiber dyeing method puts the fiber into a dye bath for dip dyeing, and because the chemical property of the polyamide is stable, the dye only covers the surface of the fiber, the fiber is easy to fade, and the hand feeling and the air permeability are poor; most of the traditional synthetic fibers are round-section fibers, and the manufactured fabric has poor moisture absorption and air permeability. Therefore, by combining the copolymerization flame-retardant modified polyamide and the process technologies such as blending, profile spinning, composite spinning and the like with melt spinning, the development of the copolymerization flame-retardant polyamide fiber with the characteristics of microorganism resistance, static resistance, color, moisture absorption, air permeability and the like has important significance for realizing the functionalization of flame-retardant polyamide fiber products, meeting the requirements of actual application places, improving the added value of the products and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the problems in the prior art and provides a copolymerization flame-retardant polyamide fiber and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a novel preparation method of a flame retardant salt and a preparation method of a phosphorus-containing copolymerization flame-retardant polyamide functional fiber.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a preparation method of copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide fiber comprises the steps of spinning a flame-retardant polyamide copolymer as a whole or partial spinning raw material to obtain copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide fiber;

the flame-retardant polyamide copolymer is prepared by mixing a flame retardant salt with polyamide 6 oligomer and/or polyamide 66 oligomer and then carrying out polycondensation reaction;

the flame retardant salt is prepared from DOPO derivative and diamine NH₂R₂NH₂Is prepared by high-temperature high-pressure reaction;

the structural formula of the DOPO derivative is as follows:

in the formula, R₁Is a straight chain C₁～C₁₂An alkylene structure;

R₂is straight, branched or cyclic C₂～C₁₅An alkylene structure;

the high temperature is 200-250 ℃, and the high pressure is 1.2-1.8 MPa.

The DOPO flame retardant has a large side group structure, is influenced by a steric hindrance effect, and has low reactivity of two terminal carboxyl groups (or amino groups). In order to improve the reactivity of the flame retardant, the flame retardant is usually reacted with diamine (or diacid) to prepare a flame retardant salt, so as to increase the chain length of the flame retardant molecule, reduce the influence of steric effect and improve the flame resistanceReactivity of the fuel salt. The preparation of the flame retardant salt is generally carried out at low temperature (60-90 ℃) and normal pressure, and the carboxyl (-COOH) (or amino (-NH) of the flame retardant₂) The reaction between the amine group of the diamine (or the carboxyl group of the dibasic acid) is not subjected to dehydration condensation but is connected by an ionic bond, so that the flame retardant salt in this state is unstable, the ionic bond is easily broken in the later polymerization process, and the flame retardant salt is decomposed again to generate the flame retardant and the diamine (or the dibasic acid), so that the reactivity is reduced, the polymerization process is influenced, and the molecular weight of the polymer is reduced. The invention adopts a new flame retardant salifying method, namely a DOPO derivative with dicarboxyl and diamine (NH)₂R₂NH₂) The flame retardant salt is prepared by high-temperature (200-250 ℃) and high-pressure (1.2-1.8 MPa) reaction, under the condition, the carboxyl of the flame retardant and the amino of diamine can be dehydrated to form a stable chemical bond (-CO-NH-), and water molecules formed by the reaction are removed by vacuumizing in the later stage of preparation to improve the reaction degree, and the obtained flame retardant salt is hardly decomposed in the later stage of polyamide polymerization. Therefore, the flame retardant salt prepared by the method is not only a stable compound, but also has good reactivity, and is an ideal flame retardant structure for polyamide.

As a preferred technical scheme:

in the preparation method of the copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide fiber, the preparation process of the flame retardant salt is as follows:

(1) reacting a DOPO derivative with a diamine NH₂R₂NH₂Mixing the raw materials according to a molar ratio of 1: 2.02-2.20, adding deionized water accounting for 20-30 wt% of the total mass of the system as a reaction solvent, heating (the starting point of heating is room temperature and the temperature is about 25 ℃) and stirring under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the stirring speed is 100-130 r/min; r in the structural formula of DOPO derivatives₁Is CH₂、(CH₂)₂、(CH₂)₃、(CH₂)₄、(CH₂)₅、(CH₂)₆、(CH₂)₇、(CH₂)₈Or (CH)₂)₉(ii) a Diamine NH₂R₂NH₂Is ethylenediamine or propanediylAmine, butanediamine, pentanediamine, hexanediamine, decanediamine, nonanediamine or dodecanediamine; the carboxyl-terminated DOPO derivative and the diamine are reacted at a molar ratio of 1: 2.02-2.20 because the diamine is easy to volatilize in the reaction process and is used in a slightly excessive amount; the preparation of the flame retardant salt aims to lengthen the molecular chain of the flame retardant and enable both ends of the molecular chain to be amino groups with reactivity, so that the influence of steric effect on the reactivity of the end groups is weakened, and the reactivity of the flame retardant is improved; because the reaction needs to be carried out at high temperature and high pressure, the protection of nitrogen is always needed to prevent the oxidation of materials; in order to make the reaction uniformly and rapidly proceed, the rotation speed in the initial stage of the reaction should be adjusted to a higher value;

(2) after the temperature is increased to 200-250 ℃, keeping the pressure at 1.2-1.8 MPa, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 1-2 h; the stage is the middle stage of the reaction, the conditions of high temperature and high pressure are favorable for the dehydration condensation of the flame retardant and the diamine to form a stable covalent bond, and the heat preservation and pressure maintaining are carried out for 1-2 hours to ensure that the reaction is fully carried out;

(3) reducing the pressure to normal pressure within 0.5-1.5 h, reducing the stirring speed to 50-70 r/min, vacuumizing to-0.08-0.05 MPa, and keeping for 0.5-1 h; the stage is the later stage of the reaction, water generated by the reaction is fully removed by vacuumizing, the forward reaction is facilitated, and the vacuum degree is pumped to-0.08 to-0.05 MPa and is kept for 0.5 to 1 hour to fully improve the reaction degree; the rotating speed is reduced to 50-70 r/min to prevent the materials in the kettle from being pumped out of the kettle through a vacuum pumping pipeline during high-speed stirring;

(4) stopping stirring, standing for 10-15 min, and discharging under the protection of nitrogen to obtain solid or viscous flame retardant salt; in the discharging stage, in order to discharge the materials in the kettle as much as possible, the kettle is required to stand for about 10-15 min after the stirring is stopped, the materials on the inner wall of the polymerization kettle flow back to the bottom of the kettle, and then in order to prevent the materials from being oxidized, nitrogen is introduced into the kettle to apply pressure, so that the materials are discharged;

the polyamide 6 oligomer was prepared as follows:

(1) mixing caprolactam, deionized water and a blocking agent according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.05-0.08: a, wherein when the blocking agent is hexamethylenediamine, a is more than or equal to 0.0206 and less than or equal to 0.0685; a is more than or equal to 0.0258 and less than or equal to 0.0861 when the end-capping agent is adipic acid, heating (the starting point of heating is room temperature and about 25 ℃) and stirring under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the stirring speed is 100-130 r/min; the nitrogen is used for preventing the materials from oxidative degradation in the reaction process; water is a caprolactam ring-opener and serves as a reaction solvent; the end-capping agent is added to control the degree of polymerization of the oligomer; the rotating speed is adjusted to 100-130 r/min, so that the reaction can be uniformly and rapidly carried out;

(2) keeping the pressure at 0.5-0.7 MPa after the temperature is increased to 200-230 ℃, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 1-2 hours; the temperature of 200-230 ℃ and the pressure of 0.5-0.7 MPa are favorable for the ring opening and polymerization of caprolactam; the reaction time of 1-2 h is to ensure that the ring opening of caprolactam is more thorough;

(3) reducing the pressure to normal pressure within 0.3-0.5 h, reducing the stirring speed to 50-70 r/min, introducing nitrogen for reaction for 4-5 h, and vacuumizing to-0.08-0.07 MPa for 0.5-1 h; the pressure is reduced to the normal pressure within 0.3-0.5 h so as to quickly discharge the water vapor in the system out of the kettle and allow the reaction to be carried out in the forward direction; the nitrogen gas is introduced for reaction, so that water vapor generated in the reaction is taken out of the kettle through the nitrogen gas, the polymerization reaction is carried out positively, and the reaction degree is improved; the viscosity of the material is increased in the later stage of the reaction, and the generated water is not easy to run to the surface of the material to form water vapor and is taken out of the kettle body, so that water molecules generated by the reaction can be thoroughly removed only by vacuumizing operation, and the reaction is more thorough;

(4) stopping stirring, standing for 10-15 min, and discharging under the protection of nitrogen to obtain polyamide 6 oligomer; in the discharging stage, in order to discharge the materials in the kettle as much as possible, the kettle is required to stand for about 10-15 min after the stirring is stopped, the materials on the inner wall of the polymerization kettle flow back to the bottom of the kettle, and then in order to prevent the materials from being oxidized, nitrogen is introduced into the kettle to apply pressure, so that the materials are discharged;

the polyamide 66 oligomer was prepared as follows:

(1) mixing polyamide 66 salt, deionized water and an end-capping reagent in a mass ratio of 1: 0.3-0.5: b, wherein when the end-capping reagent is hexamethylenediamine, b is not less than 0.00951 and not more than 0.0317; b is more than or equal to 0.0120 and less than or equal to 0.0399 when the end-capping agent is adipic acid, heating (the starting point of heating is room temperature and about 25 ℃) and stirring under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the stirring speed is 100-130 r/min; the nitrogen is used for preventing the materials from oxidative degradation in the reaction process; water is used as a reaction solvent; the end-capping agent is added to control the degree of polymerization of the oligomer; the rotating speed is adjusted to 100-130 r/min, so that the reaction can be uniformly and rapidly carried out;

(2) after the temperature is increased to 200-250 ℃, keeping the pressure at 1.2-1.8 MPa, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 1-2 h; in this temperature and pressure range, the dehydration condensation of the polyamide 66 salt to form an amide bond is facilitated; keeping the temperature and the pressure for 1-2 h to ensure that the polyamide 66 salt can more thoroughly form oligomers with polymerization degrees of 2, 3 and 4;

(3) reducing the pressure to normal pressure within 0.5-1.5 h, reducing the stirring speed to 50-70 r/min, vacuumizing to-0.08-0.05 MPa, and keeping for 0.3-0.7 h; the pressure is reduced to normal pressure within 0.5-1.5 h so as to slowly remove water vapor in the system, so that the reaction is carried out in the forward direction to form polyamide 66 oligomer with higher polymerization degree; after a period of vacuum pumping, water in the reaction system is continuously pumped out of the polymerization kettle, and the degree of polymerization reaction is continuously improved;

(4) stopping stirring, standing for 10-15 min, and discharging under the protection of nitrogen to obtain polyamide 66 oligomer; in the discharging stage, in order to discharge the materials in the kettle as much as possible, the kettle is required to stand for about 10-15 min after the stirring is stopped, the materials on the inner wall of the polymerization kettle flow back to the bottom of the kettle, and then in order to prevent the materials from being oxidized, nitrogen is introduced into the kettle to apply pressure, so that the materials are discharged;

the preparation process of the flame-retardant polyamide copolymer is as follows:

(1) mixing 0-97 parts by weight of polyamide 6 oligomer, 0-97 parts by weight of polyamide 66 oligomer and 3-10 parts by weight of flame retardant salt, adding a proper amount of dibasic acid or diamine to control the molar ratio of terminal amino groups to terminal carboxyl groups in a system to be within 1: 1.01-1.1 or 1.01-1.1: 1, adding deionized water accounting for 50-60 wt% of the total mass of the system, heating (the starting point of heating is room temperature and about 25 ℃) and stirring under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the stirring speed is 150-200 r/min; adding proper amount of dibasic acid or diamine to balance the molar ratio of carboxyl to amino in the system; water is added as a reaction solvent; the nitrogen is used for protecting the materials from being oxidized and degraded in the reaction process; the stirring speed is adjusted to 150-200 r/min so as to uniformly mix all reaction substances;

(2) after the temperature is increased to 250-260 ℃, keeping the pressure at 1.75-1.85 MPa, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 1-2 hours; the temperature and pressure range of this stage is such as to provide reaction conditions for the oligomer to allow the carboxyl and amino groups to undergo dehydration condensation; the reaction is kept for 1-2 h to ensure that the reaction is more thorough;

(3) reducing the stirring speed to 90-110 r/min, and reducing the pressure to normal pressure within 1-2 h; the rotating speed is reduced at the stage because the materials are fully mixed and the polymerization kettle is damaged by keeping the high rotating speed all the time; the pressure is reduced to the normal pressure within 1-2 h so as to discharge the original water vapor and the water vapor generated by the reaction in the polymerization kettle, so that the reaction is carried out in the forward direction, and the polymerization degree is improved;

(4) reducing the stirring speed to 40-50 r/min, vacuumizing to-0.09 to-0.08 MPa, and keeping for 0.5-1.5 h; in the stage, the stirring speed is further reduced within the range so as to prevent the blockage of the vacuum-pumping pipeline caused by pumping the materials in the vacuum-pumping process; the vacuumizing for a period of time is also used for removing water in the system as much as possible and further improving the polymerization degree;

(5) stopping stirring, standing for 10-15 min, and discharging under the protection of nitrogen to obtain the flame-retardant polyamide copolymer; and in the discharging stage, in order to discharge the materials in the kettle as much as possible, standing for about 10-15 min after stopping stirring to enable the materials on the inner wall of the polymerization kettle to flow back to the bottom of the kettle, and then introducing nitrogen into the kettle to apply pressure so as to discharge the materials in order to prevent the materials from being oxidized.

The preparation method of the copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide fiber comprises the following steps of extracting the flame-retardant polyamide copolymer before spinning: and extracting the flame-retardant polyamide copolymer in deionized water at 100 ℃ for 24-72 h.

The preparation method of the copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide fiber comprises the following steps of drying the solid spinning raw material before spinning: and (3) placing the extracted flame-retardant polyamide copolymer chips and other solid spinning raw materials in a vacuum drying oven at 105-125 ℃ for drying for 12-48 h.

The preparation method of the copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide fiber comprises the following spinning processes: the flame retardant polyamide copolymer is fed into a melt spinning machine for melt spinning and drawing.

The preparation method of the copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide fiber comprises the following spinning processes: mixing the flame-retardant polyamide copolymer with the antimicrobial agent, and adding the mixture into a melt spinning machine for melt spinning; the antimicrobial agent is cuprous oxide, silver-loaded nano zinc oxide or biomass graphene; the copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide fiber has excellent and lasting antimicrobial performance, the antibacterial rate to escherichia coli or staphylococcus aureus is more than 97%, and the antibacterial rate to escherichia coli or staphylococcus aureus after 5 times of washing is more than 95%.

The preparation method of the copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide fiber comprises the following spinning processes: mixing the flame-retardant polyamide copolymer with an antistatic agent, and adding the mixture into a melt spinning machine for melt spinning; the antistatic agent is carbon black, tin oxide or zinc oxide; the volume specific resistance of the copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide fiber is less than 1 x 10¹⁰Omega cm, compared with unmodified polyamide fiber, the fiber after antistatic treatment has good conductivity, is not easy to gather static charge, and improves the wearing comfort of the fiber fabric.

The preparation method of the copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide fiber comprises the following spinning processes: introducing a colorant into the flame-retardant polyamide copolymer melt and then carrying out melt spinning; the colorant is color master batch, color paste or color sand; the material of the whole preparation process of the colored fiber prepared by the stock solution coloring method is not subjected to multiple high-temperature treatments, the mechanical property of the polyamide is basically unchanged, the pigment is uniformly dispersed in the melt, and the prepared colored fiber has bright color, high color fastness and small color difference.

The preparation method of the copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide fiber comprises the following spinning processes: respectively melting the flame-retardant polyamide copolymer and the fiber-forming polymer, converging in a composite spinning device to form a two-component melt, and performing melt spinning through a spinning component; the fiber-forming polymer is polyamide, polyester, polyethylene or polypropylene; the copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide fiber has the forms of sheath-core type, side-by-side type and the like, and has excellent flame retardance, wear resistance and high elasticity.

According to the preparation method of the copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide fiber, the spinneret holes on the spinneret plate used for melt spinning are circular, polygonal, multi-blade or hollow spinneret holes, the fiber with the special-shaped cross section has a large surface area, and a capillary passage formed by a special-shaped structure can increase the adsorption quantity of water molecules, promote the transfer of the water molecules, accelerate the evaporation of the water molecules and realize the water absorption, moisture conduction and ventilation of the fiber; the technological parameters of melt spinning are as follows: the spinning temperature is 265-300 ℃, the winding speed is 600-1500 m/min, and the drafting multiple is 3.2-4.2; the specific process parameters are determined according to the viscosity of the copolymer, the fluidity of the copolymer with higher viscosity is poorer, the spinning temperature is set to be higher so as to prevent a spinneret plate from being blocked, the fluidity of the copolymer with lower viscosity is too good, and the spinning temperature is set to be too high so as to easily cause filament drifting.

The invention also provides the copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide fiber prepared by the preparation method of the copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide fiber, the main material is a flame-retardant polyamide copolymer, and the structural formula of the flame-retardant polyamide copolymer is as follows:

wherein x is the polymerization degree of polyamide 6 oligomer (the polymerization degree of the polyamide 6 oligomer prepared by the process of the invention is 0 or 15-50), y is the polymerization degree of the polyamide 66 oligomer (the polymerization degree of the polyamide 66 oligomer prepared by the process of the invention is 0 or 15-50), and R is_zThe structural formula of (A) is as follows:

the number-average molecular weight Mn of the flame-retardant polyamide copolymer is 2.4X 10⁴～2.7×10⁴g/mol, the melting point is 220-250 ℃; the tensile strength of the copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide fiber is 3.0-4.5 cN/dtex, the elongation at break is 50-60%, and the limiting oxygen index is more than 28%; and forming salt by using low-temperature normal-pressure flame retardantThe number-average molecular weight Mn of the resulting polymer was only 1.8X 10⁴～2.5×10⁴g/mol, the melting point is 218-232 ℃, the fiber tensile strength is 2.0-3.6 cN/dtex, and the elongation at break is 20-35%, so that the flame retardant salt prepared by the high-temperature and high-pressure method has higher reaction activity, and the high-temperature and high-pressure salt formation method of the flame retardant is superior to the low-temperature and normal-pressure salt formation method.

In the present invention, all the atmospheric pressure is 0.1 MPa.

Has the advantages that:

(1) the novel DOPO phosphorus flame retardant is connected to a polyamide macromolecular chain by chemical bonds to obtain the copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide fiber with a permanent flame-retardant effect, and the flame retardant salt prepared at high temperature and high pressure has high reaction activity, high flame-retardant efficiency and little influence on the mechanical properties of the material;

(2) compared with pure polyamide 66 and polyamide 6 materials, the flame retardant salt has high reaction activity, the mechanical strength of the obtained flame-retardant polyamide copolymer is almost kept unchanged due to the block structure, the flame-retardant polyamide copolymer has good processability, and the complementation of polyamide 6 and polyamide 66 is realized;

(3) the functional triblock copolymer flame-retardant polyamide fiber is prepared by combining the polyamide subjected to copolymerization flame-retardant modification with the process technologies of blending, profile spinning, composite spinning and the like with melt spinning, has excellent flame-retardant performance, has the characteristics of microorganism resistance, static resistance, color, moisture absorption and ventilation, and meets the requirements of modern life in the fields of medical treatment and sanitation, professional clothing, home textile of clothing and the like.

Detailed Description

The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.

Example 1

A preparation method of a flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing a flame retardant salt;

(1.1) reacting DOPO derivative with diamine NH₂R₂NH₂Mixing at a molar ratio of 1:2.1, adding deionized water accounting for 25 wt% of the total mass of the system as a reaction solvent, heating (the starting point of heating is 25 ℃) and stirring under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the stirring speed is 100R/min, and the structural formula of the DOPO derivative is shown as a formula (I), wherein R is₁Is CH₂Diamine NH₂R₂NH₂Is hexamethylene diamine;

the preparation process of the DOPO derivative comprises the following steps: putting DOPO-HQ and an acid-binding agent (triethylamine) into a three-neck flask, adding a solvent (ethanol) for dissolving, dropwise adding chloroacetic ester (methyl chloroacetate) at 100 ℃, reacting for 14h, then removing the solvent and unreacted chloroacetic ester by rotary evaporation, adding an ethanol solution of sodium hydroxide to hydrolyze ester bonds of an obtained intermediate, adding hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH to 1, filtering, washing for 3 times with water for the second time, and drying to obtain the product, wherein the molar ratio of the DOPO-HQ to the chloroacetic ester is 1:3.5, and the molar weight of sodium hydroxide in the ethanol solution of the sodium hydroxide is 2.5 times that of the DOPO-HQ;

(1.2) keeping the pressure at 1.2MPa after the temperature is raised to 220 ℃, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 1 h;

(1.3) reducing the pressure to normal pressure within 1h, reducing the stirring speed to 50r/min, vacuumizing to-0.08 MPa, and keeping for 1 h;

(1.4) stopping stirring, standing for 12min, and discharging under the protection of nitrogen to obtain flame retardant salt;

(2) preparing polyamide 6 oligomer;

(2.1) mixing caprolactam, deionized water and hexamethylenediamine in a mass ratio of 1:0.05:0.0206, heating (the starting point of heating is 25 ℃) and stirring under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the stirring speed is 100 r/min;

(2.2) keeping the pressure at 0.5MPa after the temperature is raised to 220 ℃, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 1 h;

(2.3) reducing the pressure to normal pressure within 0.3h, reducing the stirring speed to 50r/min, introducing nitrogen for reaction for 4h, and vacuumizing to-0.08 MPa for keeping for 1 h;

(2.4) stopping stirring, standing for 12min, and discharging under the protection of nitrogen to obtain polyamide 6 oligomer;

(3) preparing polyamide 66 oligomer;

(3.1) mixing polyamide 66 salt, deionized water and adipic acid in a mass ratio of 1:0.3:0.0399, heating (the starting point of heating is 25 ℃) and stirring under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the stirring speed is 100 r/min;

(3.2) keeping the pressure at 1.2MPa after the temperature is raised to 220 ℃, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 1 h;

(3.3) reducing the pressure to normal pressure within 1h, reducing the stirring speed to 60r/min, vacuumizing to-0.05 MPa, and keeping for 0.5 h;

(3.4) stopping stirring, standing for 12min, and discharging under the protection of nitrogen to obtain polyamide 66 oligomer;

(4) preparing a flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer;

(4.1) mixing 80 parts of polyamide 6 oligomer, 17 parts of polyamide 66 oligomer and 3 parts of flame retardant salt according to parts by weight, adding a proper amount of adipic acid to control the molar ratio of terminal amino groups to terminal carboxyl groups in a system to be within 1: 1.01-1.1 or 1.01-1.1: 1, adding deionized water accounting for 50 wt% of the total mass of the system, heating (the starting point of heating is 25 ℃) and stirring under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the stirring speed is 150 r/min;

(4.2) keeping the pressure at 1.75MPa after the temperature is increased to 250 ℃, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 1 h;

(4.3) reducing the stirring speed to 90r/min, and reducing the pressure to normal pressure within 1 h;

(4.4) reducing the stirring speed to 45r/min, vacuumizing to-0.09 MPa and keeping for 1 h;

(4.5) stopping stirring, standing for 12min, and discharging under the protection of nitrogen to obtain the flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer.

The structural formula of the finally prepared flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer is shown as a formula (II), wherein R_zThe structural formula of (A) is shown as a formula (III); the limit oxygen index of the flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer is 30.1 percent, and the vertical burning test reaches UL 94V-0 grade(ii) a The number-average molecular weight Mn of the flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer is 2.7X 10⁴g/mol, 225 ℃ of melting point, 78MPa of tensile strength, 140 percent of elongation at break and 12.3kJ/m of impact strength²。

Comparative example 1

A method for preparing a flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer, which is substantially the same as in example 1, except that in step (1), the method comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing a flame retardant salt;

(1.1) reacting DOPO derivative with diamine NH₂R₂NH₂Mixing at a molar ratio of 1:2.1, adding 25 wt% of deionized water as reaction solvent, heating in a round bottom flask at 25 deg.C, stirring at 100R/min, and allowing DOPO derivative to have a structure shown in formula (I)₁Is CH₂Diamine NH₂R₂NH₂Is hexamethylene diamine;

the preparation of the DOPO derivative was the same as in example 1;

(1.2) raising the temperature to 70 ℃, and reacting for 2 hours under normal pressure;

(1.3) stopping stirring, cooling to 25 ℃ to obtain a flame retardant salt water solution for later use.

The ultimate oxygen index of the finally prepared flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer is 27.2 percent, the vertical burning test reaches a V-2 grade, and the number-average molecular weight Mn is 2.5 multiplied by 10⁴g/mol, melting point of 220 ℃, tensile strength of 70MPa, elongation at break of 180 percent and impact strength of 8.5kJ/m²。

Comparing example 1 with comparative example 1, it can be seen that the flame retardant performance, number average molecular weight, and mechanical properties of the composite material prepared in example 1 are much higher than those of comparative example 1, because when the flame retardant salt is prepared at low temperature and normal pressure, the reaction between the carboxyl group of the flame retardant and the amino group of the diamine is not dehydrated and condensed, but is connected by ionic bonds, which makes the flame retardant salt in this state unstable, and the ionic bonds are easily broken during the later polymerization process, and the flame retardant salt becomes the flame retardant and the diamine (or diacid) again, so that the reactivity is reduced, the polymerization process is affected, and the molecular weight of the polymer is reduced. When the flame retardant salt is prepared by high-temperature (200-250 ℃) and high-pressure (1.2-1.8 MPa) reaction, the carboxyl of the flame retardant and the amino of the diamine can be dehydrated to form a stable chemical bond (-CO-NH-), so that the flame retardant salt has a stable chemical structure and higher reaction activity, the influence on the polyamide polycondensation reaction in the polymerization process is less, the number of flame retardants connected to the polyamide macromolecular chain is more, and the obtained polymer has more excellent flame retardant property, higher relative molecular mass and more outstanding mechanical property.

Example 2

(1) preparing a flame retardant salt;

(1.1) reacting DOPO derivative with diamine NH₂R₂NH₂Mixing at a molar ratio of 1:2.02, adding deionized water accounting for 26 wt% of the total mass of the system as a reaction solvent, heating (the starting point of heating is 25 ℃) and stirring under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the stirring speed is 120R/min, and the structural formula of the DOPO derivative is shown as a formula (I), wherein R is₁Is (CH)₂)₂Diamine NH₂R₂NH₂Is decamethylenediamine;

the preparation process of the DOPO derivative comprises the following steps: putting DOPO-HQ and an acid-binding agent (triethylamine) into a three-neck flask, adding a solvent (ethanol) for dissolving, dropwise adding chloropropionate (3-chloropropionate ethyl ester) at 100 ℃, reacting for 14h, then removing the solvent and unreacted chloropropionate by rotary evaporation, adding an ethanol solution of sodium hydroxide to hydrolyze an ester bond of an obtained intermediate, adding hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value to 1, filtering, washing for 3 times with water for twice, and drying to obtain the DOPO-HQ-chloropropionate-containing aqueous solution, wherein the molar ratio of the DOPO-HQ to the chloropropionate is 1:3.5, and the molar weight of sodium hydroxide in the ethanol solution of the sodium hydroxide is 2.5 times that of the DOPO-HQ;

(1.2) keeping the pressure at 1.8MPa after the temperature is raised to 230 ℃, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 1.5 h;

(1.3) reducing the pressure to normal pressure within 0.5h, reducing the stirring speed to 62r/min, vacuumizing to-0.06 MPa, and keeping for 0.8 h;

(1.4) stopping stirring, standing for 13min, and discharging under the protection of nitrogen to obtain flame retardant salt;

(2) preparing polyamide 6 oligomer;

(2.1) mixing caprolactam, deionized water and hexamethylenediamine in a mass ratio of 1:0.06:0.0685, heating (the starting point of heating is 25 ℃) and stirring under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the stirring speed is 110 r/min;

(2.2) keeping the pressure at 0.7MPa after the temperature is raised to 210 ℃, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 1.2 h;

(2.3) reducing the pressure to normal pressure within 0.5h, reducing the stirring speed to 52r/min, introducing nitrogen for reaction for 5h, and vacuumizing to-0.07 MPa for keeping for 0.8 h;

(2.4) stopping stirring, standing for 13min, and discharging under the protection of nitrogen to obtain polyamide 6 oligomer;

(3) preparing polyamide 66 oligomer;

(3.1) mixing polyamide 66 salt, deionized water and hexamethylene diamine in a mass ratio of 1:0.5:0.025, heating (the starting point of heating is 25 ℃) and stirring under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the stirring speed is 120 r/min;

(3.2) keeping the pressure at 1.8MPa after the temperature is raised to 230 ℃, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 1.5 h;

(3.3) reducing the pressure to normal pressure within 0.5h, reducing the stirring speed to 62r/min, vacuumizing to-0.06 MPa, and keeping for 0.4 h;

(3.4) stopping stirring, standing for 13min, and discharging under the protection of nitrogen to obtain polyamide 66 oligomer;

(4) preparing a flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer;

(4.1) mixing 70 parts of polyamide 6 oligomer, 26 parts of polyamide 66 oligomer and 4 parts of flame retardant salt according to parts by weight, adding a proper amount of adipic acid to control the molar ratio of terminal amino groups to terminal carboxyl groups in the system to be within 1: 1.01-1.1 or 1.01-1.1: 1, adding deionized water accounting for 52 wt% of the total mass of the system, heating (the starting point of heating is 25 ℃) and stirring under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the stirring speed is 160 r/min;

(4.2) keeping the pressure at 1.79MPa after the temperature is raised to 252 ℃, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 1.2 h;

(4.3) reducing the stirring speed to 95r/min, and reducing the pressure to normal pressure within 1.3 h;

(4.4) reducing the stirring speed to 48r/min, vacuumizing to-0.08 MPa and keeping for 0.8 h;

(4.5) stopping stirring, standing for 13min, and discharging under the protection of nitrogen to obtain the flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer.

The structural formula of the finally prepared flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer is shown as a formula (II), wherein R_zThe structural formula of (A) is shown as a formula (III); the limit oxygen index of the flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer is 30.5 percent, and the vertical burning test reaches UL 94V-0 grade; the flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer has a number-average molecular weight Mn of 2.65X 10⁴g/mol, a melting point of 228 ℃, a tensile strength of 70MPa, an elongation at break of 150 percent and an impact strength of 12.5kJ/m²。

Example 3

(1) preparing a flame retardant salt;

(1.1) reacting DOPO derivative with diamine NH₂R₂NH₂Mixing at a molar ratio of 1:2.15, adding deionized water accounting for 28 wt% of the total mass of the system as a reaction solvent, heating (the starting point of heating is 25 ℃) and stirring under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the stirring speed is 115R/min, and the structural formula of the DOPO derivative is shown as a formula (I), wherein R is₁Is (CH)₂)₃Diamine NH₂R₂NH₂Is propane diamine;

the preparation process of the DOPO derivative comprises the following steps: putting DOPO-HQ and an acid binding agent (triethylamine) into a three-neck flask, adding a solvent (ethanol) for dissolving, dropwise adding chlorobutyrate (4-ethyl chlorobutyrate) at 100 ℃, reacting for 14h, then removing the solvent and unreacted chlorobutyrate by rotary evaporation, adding an ethanol solution of sodium hydroxide to hydrolyze ester bonds of an obtained intermediate, adding hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value to 1, filtering, washing for 3 times with water for the second time, and drying to obtain the product, wherein the molar ratio of the DOPO-HQ to the chlorobutyrate is 1:3.5, and the molar amount of sodium hydroxide in the ethanol solution of the sodium hydroxide is 2.5 times of that of the DOPO-HQ;

(1.2) keeping the pressure at 1.6MPa after the temperature is increased to 240 ℃, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 2 h;

(1.3) reducing the pressure to normal pressure within 0.8h, reducing the stirring speed to 70r/min, vacuumizing to-0.07 MPa, and keeping for 0.6 h;

(1.4) stopping stirring, standing for 15min, and discharging under the protection of nitrogen to obtain flame retardant salt;

(2) preparing polyamide 6 oligomer;

(2.1) mixing caprolactam, deionized water and adipic acid in a mass ratio of 1:0.055:0.0258, heating (the starting point of heating is 25 ℃) and stirring under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the stirring speed is 115 r/min;

(2.2) keeping the pressure at 0.6MPa after the temperature is increased to 200 ℃, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 1.5 h;

(2.3) reducing the pressure to normal pressure within 0.4h, reducing the stirring speed to 55r/min, introducing nitrogen for reaction for 4.5h, and vacuumizing to-0.075 MPa for keeping for 0.6 h;

(2.4) stopping stirring, standing for 15min, and discharging under the protection of nitrogen to obtain polyamide 6 oligomer;

(3) preparing polyamide 66 oligomer;

(3.1) mixing polyamide 66 salt, deionized water and adipic acid in a mass ratio of 1:0.4:0.012, heating (the starting point of heating is 25 ℃) and stirring under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the stirring speed is 115 r/min;

(3.2) keeping the pressure at 1.6MPa after the temperature is increased to 240 ℃, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 2 h;

(3.3) reducing the pressure to normal pressure within 0.8h, reducing the stirring speed to 70r/min, vacuumizing to-0.07 MPa, and keeping for 0.3 h;

(3.4) stopping stirring, standing for 15min, and discharging under the protection of nitrogen to obtain polyamide 66 oligomer;

(4) preparing a flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer;

(4.1) mixing 60 parts of polyamide 6 oligomer, 35 parts of polyamide 66 oligomer and 5 parts of flame retardant salt according to parts by weight, adding a proper amount of hexamethylenediamine to control the molar ratio of terminal amino groups to terminal carboxyl groups in the system to be within 1: 1.01-1.1 or 1.01-1.1: 1, adding deionized water accounting for 54 wt% of the total mass of the system, heating (the starting point of heating is 25 ℃) and stirring under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the stirring speed is 170 r/min;

(4.2) keeping the pressure at 1.8MPa after the temperature is raised to 253 ℃, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 1.5 h;

(4.3) reducing the stirring speed to 100r/min, and reducing the pressure to normal pressure within 1.5 h;

(4.4) reducing the stirring speed to 42r/min, vacuumizing to-0.082 MPa, and keeping for 1 h;

(4.5) stopping stirring, standing for 15min, and discharging under the protection of nitrogen to obtain the flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer.

The structural formula of the finally prepared flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer is shown as a formula (II), wherein R_zThe structural formula of (A) is shown as a formula (III); the limit oxygen index of the flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer is 31.0 percent, and the vertical burning test reaches UL 94V-0 grade; the flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer has a number-average molecular weight Mn of 2.61X 10⁴g/mol, 230 ℃ of melting point, 62MPa of tensile strength, 160 percent of elongation at break and 12kJ/m of impact strength²。

Example 4

(1) preparing a flame retardant salt;

(1.1) reacting DOPO derivative with diamine NH₂R₂NH₂Mixing at a molar ratio of 1:2.2, adding deionized water accounting for 30 wt% of the total mass of the system as a reaction solvent, heating (the starting point of heating is 25 ℃) and stirring under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the stirring speed is 128R/min, and the structural formula of the DOPO derivative is shown as a formula (I), wherein R is₁Is (CH)₂)₄Diamine NH₂R₂NH₂Is butanediamine;

the preparation process of the DOPO derivative comprises the following steps: putting DOPO-HQ and an acid-binding agent (triethylamine) into a three-neck flask, adding a solvent (ethanol) for dissolving, dropwise adding methyl pivalate (5-methyl pivalate) at 100 ℃, reacting for 14h, then removing the solvent and unreacted methyl pivalate by rotary evaporation, adding an ethanol solution of sodium hydroxide to hydrolyze ester bonds of an obtained intermediate, adding hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value to 1, filtering, washing for 3 times with water twice, and drying to obtain the product, wherein the molar ratio of the DOPO-HQ to the methyl pivalate is 1:3.5, and the molar amount of sodium hydroxide in the ethanol solution of the sodium hydroxide is 2.5 times that of the DOPO-HQ;

(1.2) keeping the pressure at 1.5MPa after the temperature is raised to 200 ℃, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 1.3 h;

(1.3) reducing the pressure to normal pressure within 1.2h, reducing the stirring speed to 55r/min, vacuumizing to-0.08 MPa, and keeping for 0.5 h;

(1.4) stopping stirring, standing for 14min, and discharging under the protection of nitrogen to obtain flame retardant salt;

(2) preparing polyamide 6 oligomer;

(2.1) mixing caprolactam, deionized water and adipic acid in a mass ratio of 1:0.058:0.0861, heating (the starting point of heating is 25 ℃) and stirring under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the stirring speed is 120 r/min;

(2.2) keeping the pressure at 0.58MPa after the temperature is raised to 230 ℃, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 1.8 h;

(2.3) reducing the pressure to normal pressure within 0.32h, reducing the stirring speed to 58r/min, introducing nitrogen for reaction for 4.2h, vacuumizing to-0.072 MPa, and keeping for 0.5 h;

(2.4) stopping stirring, standing for 14min, and discharging under the protection of nitrogen to obtain polyamide 6 oligomer;

(3) preparing polyamide 66 oligomer;

(3.1) mixing polyamide 66 salt, deionized water and hexamethylene diamine in a mass ratio of 1:0.32:0.00951, heating (the starting point of heating is 25 ℃) and stirring under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the stirring speed is 128 r/min;

(3.2) keeping the pressure at 1.5MPa after the temperature is raised to 200 ℃, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 1.3 h;

(3.3) reducing the pressure to normal pressure within 1.2h, reducing the stirring speed to 55r/min, vacuumizing to-0.08 MPa, and keeping for 0.7 h;

(3.4) stopping stirring, standing for 14min, and discharging under the protection of nitrogen to obtain polyamide 66 oligomer;

(4) preparing a flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer;

(4.1) mixing 50 parts of polyamide 6 oligomer, 44 parts of polyamide 66 oligomer and 6 parts of flame retardant salt according to parts by weight, adding a proper amount of hexamethylenediamine to control the molar ratio of terminal amino groups to terminal carboxyl groups in a system to be within 1: 1.01-1.1 or 1.01-1.1: 1, adding deionized water accounting for 55 wt% of the total mass of the system, heating (the starting point of heating is 25 ℃) and stirring under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the stirring speed is 180 r/min;

(4.2) keeping the pressure at 1.81MPa after the temperature is raised to 255 ℃, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 1.7 h;

(4.3) reducing the stirring speed to 103r/min, and reducing the pressure to normal pressure within 1.6 h;

(4.4) reducing the stirring speed to 46r/min, vacuumizing to-0.085 MPa, and keeping for 1.2 h;

(4.5) stopping stirring, standing for 14min, and discharging under the protection of nitrogen to obtain the flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer.

The structural formula of the finally prepared flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer is shown as a formula (II), wherein R_zThe structural formula of (A) is shown as a formula (III); the limit oxygen index of the flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer is 31.5 percent, and the vertical burning test reaches UL 94V-0 grade; the flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer has a number-average molecular weight Mn of 2.57X 10⁴g/mol, melting point 232 deg.C, tensile strength 60MPa, elongation at break 180%, and impact strength 10.5kJ/m²。

Example 5

(1) preparing a flame retardant salt;

(1.1) reacting DOPO derivative with diamine NH₂R₂NH₂Mixing at a molar ratio of 1:2.08, adding deionized water accounting for 24 wt% of the total mass of the system as a reaction solvent, heating (the starting point of heating is 25 ℃) and stirring under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the stirring speed is 130R/min, and the structural formula of the DOPO derivative is shown as a formula (I), wherein R is₁Is (CH)₂)₅Diamine NH₂R₂NH₂Is pentanediamine;

the preparation process of the DOPO derivative comprises the following steps: putting DOPO-HQ and an acid binding agent (triethylamine) into a three-neck flask, adding a solvent (ethanol) for dissolving, dropwise adding chlorohexanoate (6-chlorohexanoate butyl ester) at 100 ℃, reacting for 14h, then removing the solvent and unreacted chlorohexanoate by rotary evaporation, adding an ethanol solution of sodium hydroxide to hydrolyze ester bonds of an obtained intermediate, adding hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value to 1, filtering, washing for 3 times with water for the second time, and drying to obtain the DOPO-HQ-Chlorohexanoate-containing solid-state polymer, wherein the molar ratio of the DOPO-HQ to the chlorohexanoate is 1:3.5, and the molar weight of sodium hydroxide in the ethanol solution of the sodium hydroxide is 2.5 times that of the DOPO-HQ;

(1.2) keeping the pressure at 1.4MPa after the temperature is increased to 250 ℃, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 1.2 h;

(1.3) reducing the pressure to normal pressure within 1.5h, reducing the stirring speed to 65r/min, vacuumizing to-0.05 MPa, and keeping for 0.7 h;

(2) preparing polyamide 6 oligomer;

(2.1) mixing caprolactam, deionized water and adipic acid in a mass ratio of 1:0.08:0.03, heating (the starting point of heating is 25 ℃) and stirring under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the stirring speed is 122 r/min;

(2.2) keeping the pressure at 0.52MPa after the temperature is increased to 215 ℃, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 2 h;

(2.3) reducing the pressure to normal pressure within 0.38h, reducing the stirring speed to 60r/min, introducing nitrogen for reaction for 4.8h, vacuumizing to-0.076 MPa, and keeping for 0.7 h;

(3) preparing polyamide 66 oligomer;

(3.1) mixing polyamide 66 salt, deionized water and adipic acid according to the mass ratio of 1:0.38:0.0122, heating (the starting point of heating is 25 ℃) and stirring under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the stirring speed is 130 r/min;

(3.2) keeping the pressure at 1.4MPa after the temperature is increased to 250 ℃, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 1.2 h;

(3.3) reducing the pressure to normal pressure within 1.5h, reducing the stirring speed to 50r/min, vacuumizing to-0.05 MPa, and keeping for 0.6 h;

(4) preparing a flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer;

(4.1) mixing 40 parts of polyamide 6 oligomer, 53 parts of polyamide 66 oligomer and 7 parts of flame retardant salt according to parts by weight, adding a proper amount of hexamethylenediamine to control the molar ratio of terminal amino groups to terminal carboxyl groups in the system to be within 1: 1.01-1.1 or 1.01-1.1: 1, adding deionized water accounting for 57 wt% of the total mass of the system, heating (the starting point of heating is 25 ℃) and stirring under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the stirring speed is 190 r/min;

(4.2) keeping the pressure at 1.85MPa after the temperature is raised to 258 ℃, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 1.8 h;

(4.3) reducing the stirring speed to 105r/min, and reducing the pressure to normal pressure within 1.8 h;

(4.4) reducing the stirring speed to 50r/min, vacuumizing to-0.088 MPa, and keeping for 1.3 h;

The structural formula of the finally prepared flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer is shown as a formula (II), wherein R_zThe structural formula of (A) is shown as a formula (III); the limit oxygen index of the flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer is 32.0 percent, and the vertical burning test reaches UL 94V-0 grade; the flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer has a number-average molecular weight Mn of 2.52X 10⁴g/mol, melting point of 235 ℃, tensile strength of 60MPa, elongation at break of 200 percent and impact strength of 10.1kJ/m²。

Example 6

(1) preparing a flame retardant salt;

(1.1) reacting DOPO derivative with diamine NH₂R₂NH₂Mixing at a molar ratio of 1:2.05, adding deionized water accounting for 27 wt% of the total mass of the system as a reaction solvent, heating (the starting point of heating is 25 ℃) and stirring under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the stirring speed is 115R/min, and the structural formula of the DOPO derivative is shown as a formula (I), wherein R is₁Is (CH)₂)₆Diamine NH₂R₂NH₂Is nonane diamine;

the preparation process of the DOPO derivative comprises the following steps: putting DOPO-HQ and an acid-binding agent (triethylamine) into a three-neck flask, adding a solvent (ethanol) for dissolving, dropwise adding chloro-heptanoate (7-methyl chloro-heptanoate) at 100 ℃, reacting for 14h, then removing the solvent and unreacted chloro-heptanoate by rotary evaporation, adding an ethanol solution of sodium hydroxide to hydrolyze ester bonds of an obtained intermediate, adding hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value to 1, filtering, washing for 3 times with water twice, and drying to obtain the DOPO-HQ/chloro-heptanoate intermediate, wherein the molar ratio of the DOPO-HQ to the chloro-heptanoate is 1:3.5, and the molar weight of sodium hydroxide in the ethanol solution of the sodium hydroxide is 2.5 times that of the DOPO-HQ;

(1.2) keeping the pressure at 1.3MPa after the temperature is raised to 210 ℃, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 1.6 h;

(1.3) reducing the pressure to normal pressure within 0.6h, reducing the stirring speed to 58r/min, vacuumizing to-0.06 MPa, and keeping for 0.9 h;

(2) preparing polyamide 6 oligomer;

(2.1) mixing caprolactam, deionized water and adipic acid in a mass ratio of 1:0.071:0.0458, heating and stirring under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the stirring speed is 125 r/min;

(2.2) keeping the pressure at 0.68MPa after the temperature is raised to 218 ℃, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 1.4 h;

(2.3) reducing the pressure to normal pressure within 0.45h, reducing the stirring speed to 65r/min, introducing nitrogen for reaction for 4.6h, vacuumizing to-0.078 MPa, and keeping for 0.9 h;

(3) preparing polyamide 66 oligomer;

(3.1) mixing polyamide 66 salt, deionized water and hexamethylene diamine in a mass ratio of 1:0.45:0.0317, heating (the starting point of heating is 25 ℃) and stirring under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the stirring speed is 115 r/min;

(3.2) keeping the pressure at 1.3MPa after the temperature is raised to 210 ℃, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 1.6 h;

(3.3) reducing the pressure to normal pressure within 0.6h, reducing the stirring speed to 58r/min, vacuumizing to-0.06 MPa, and keeping for 0.5 h;

(4) preparing a flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer;

(4.1) mixing 30 parts of polyamide 6 oligomer, 62 parts of polyamide 66 oligomer and 8 parts of flame retardant salt according to parts by weight, adding a proper amount of hexamethylenediamine to control the molar ratio of terminal amino groups to terminal carboxyl groups in a system to be within 1: 1.01-1.1 or 1.01-1.1: 1, adding deionized water accounting for 58 wt% of the total mass of the system, heating (the starting point of heating is 25 ℃) and stirring under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the stirring speed is 200 r/min;

(4.2) keeping the pressure at 1.84MPa after the temperature is increased to 260 ℃, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 1.9 h;

(4.3) reducing the stirring speed to 110r/min, and reducing the pressure to normal pressure within 1.9 h;

(4.4) reducing the stirring speed to 47r/min, vacuumizing to-0.083 MPa, and keeping for 1.4 h;

The structural formula of the finally prepared flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer is shown as a formula (II), wherein R_zThe structural formula of (A) is shown as a formula (III); the limit oxygen index of the flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer is 32.8 percent, and the vertical burning test reaches UL 94V-0 grade; the flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer has a number-average molecular weight Mn of 2.48X 10⁴g/mol, melting point of 238 ℃, tensile strength of 71MPa, elongation at break of 180 percent and impact strength of 8.8kJ/m²。

Example 7

(1) preparing a flame retardant salt;

(1.1) reacting DOPO derivative with diamine NH₂R₂NH₂Mixing at a molar ratio of 1:2.18, adding deionized water accounting for 22 wt% of the total mass of the system as a reaction solvent, heating (the starting point of heating is 25 ℃) and stirring under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the stirring speed is 120R/min, and the structural formula of the DOPO derivative is shown as a formula (I), wherein R is₁Is (CH)₂)₇Diamine NH₂R₂NH₂Is ethylenediamine;

the preparation process of the DOPO derivative comprises the following steps: putting DOPO-HQ and an acid binding agent (triethylamine) into a three-neck flask, adding a solvent (ethanol) for dissolving, dropwise adding chlorocaprylate (8-chlorocaprylate ethyl ester) at 100 ℃, reacting for 14h, then removing the solvent and unreacted chlorocaprylate by rotary evaporation, adding an ethanol solution of sodium hydroxide to hydrolyze ester bonds of an obtained intermediate, adding hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value to 1, filtering, washing for 3 times with water for the second time, and drying to obtain the DOPO-HQ-chlorocaprylate-sodium solid-state solid;

(1.2) keeping the pressure at 1.2MPa after the temperature is raised to 225 ℃, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 1.8 h;

(1.3) reducing the pressure to normal pressure within 0.9h, reducing the stirring speed to 60r/min, vacuumizing to-0.07 MPa, and keeping for 0.6 h;

(1.4) stopping stirring, standing for 10min, and discharging under the protection of nitrogen to obtain flame retardant salt;

(2) preparing polyamide 6 oligomer;

(2.1) mixing caprolactam, deionized water and adipic acid in a mass ratio of 1:0.075:0.0645, heating (the starting point of heating is 25 ℃) and stirring under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the stirring speed is 130 r/min;

(2.2) keeping the pressure at 0.63MPa after the temperature is raised to 225 ℃, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 1 h;

(2.3) reducing the pressure to normal pressure within 0.46h, reducing the stirring speed to 70r/min, introducing nitrogen for reaction for 4.1h, vacuumizing to-0.074 MPa, and keeping for 0.6 h;

(2.4) stopping stirring, standing for 10min, and discharging under the protection of nitrogen to obtain polyamide 6 oligomer;

(3) preparing polyamide 66 oligomer;

(3.1) mixing polyamide 66 salt, deionized water and hexamethylene diamine in a mass ratio of 1:0.46:0.0231, heating (the temperature rise starting point is 25 ℃) and stirring under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the stirring speed is 120 r/min;

(3.2) keeping the pressure at 1.2MPa after the temperature is raised to 225 ℃, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 1.8 h;

(3.3) reducing the pressure to normal pressure within 0.9h, reducing the stirring speed to 60r/min, vacuumizing to-0.07 MPa, and keeping for 0.4 h;

(3.4) stopping stirring, standing for 10min, and discharging under the protection of nitrogen to obtain polyamide 66 oligomer;

(4) preparing a flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer;

(4.1) mixing 20 parts of polyamide 6 oligomer, 71 parts of polyamide 66 oligomer and 9 parts of flame retardant salt according to parts by weight, adding a proper amount of hexamethylenediamine to control the molar ratio of terminal amino groups to terminal carboxyl groups in the system to be within 1: 1.01-1.1 or 1.01-1.1: 1, adding deionized water accounting for 60 wt% of the total mass of the system, heating (the starting point of heating is 25 ℃) and stirring under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the stirring speed is 180 r/min;

(4.2) keeping the pressure at 1.83MPa after the temperature is raised to 255 ℃, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 2 h;

(4.3) reducing the stirring speed to 98r/min, and reducing the pressure to normal pressure within 2 h;

(4.4) reducing the stirring speed to 44r/min, vacuumizing to-0.086 MPa, and keeping for 1.5 h;

(4.5) stopping stirring, standing for 10min, and discharging under the protection of nitrogen to obtain the flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer.

The structural formula of the finally prepared flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer is shown as a formula (II), wherein R_zThe structural formula of (A) is shown as a formula (III); the limit oxygen index of the flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer is 33.3 percent, and the vertical burning test reaches UL 94V-0 grade; the flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer has a number-average molecular weight Mn of 2.45X 10⁴g/mol, melting point of 244 ℃, tensile strength of 76MPa, elongation at break of 170 percent and impact strength of 8.3kJ/m²。

Example 8

(1) preparing a flame retardant salt;

(1.1) reacting DOPO derivative with diamine NH₂R₂NH₂Mixing at a molar ratio of 1:2.1, adding deionized water accounting for 23 wt% of the total mass of the system as a reaction solvent, heating (the starting point of heating is 25 ℃) and stirring under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the stirring speed is 128R/min, and the structural formula of the DOPO derivative is shown as a formula (I), wherein R is₁Is (CH)₂)₈Diamine NH₂R₂NH₂Is dodecyl diamine;

the preparation process of the DOPO derivative comprises the following steps: putting DOPO-HQ and an acid-binding agent (triethylamine) into a three-neck flask, adding a solvent (ethanol) for dissolving, dropwise adding fluononanate (9-ethyl fluononanate) at 100 ℃, reacting for 14h, then removing the solvent and unreacted fluononanate by rotary evaporation, adding an ethanol solution of sodium hydroxide to hydrolyze ester bonds of an obtained intermediate, adding hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value to 1, filtering, washing for 3 times with water for two times, and drying to obtain the product, wherein the molar ratio of the DOPO-HQ to the fluononanate is 1:3.5, and the molar weight of sodium hydroxide in the ethanol solution of the sodium hydroxide is 2.5 times that of the DOPO-HQ;

(1.3) reducing the pressure to normal pressure within 1.4h, reducing the stirring speed to 66r/min, vacuumizing to-0.05 MPa, and keeping for 0.5 h;

(1.4) stopping stirring, standing for 11min, and discharging under the protection of nitrogen to obtain flame retardant salt;

(2) preparing polyamide 6 oligomer;

(2.1) mixing caprolactam, deionized water and adipic acid in a mass ratio of 1:0.078:0.04, heating (the starting point of heating is 25 ℃) and stirring under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the stirring speed is 105 r/min;

(2.2) keeping the pressure at 0.55MPa after the temperature is increased to 205 ℃, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 1.6 h;

(2.3) reducing the pressure to normal pressure within 0.35h, reducing the stirring speed to 62r/min, introducing nitrogen for reaction for 4.4h, vacuumizing to-0.073 MPa, and keeping for 0.5 h;

(2.4) stopping stirring, standing for 11min, and discharging under the protection of nitrogen to obtain polyamide 6 oligomer;

(3) preparing polyamide 66 oligomer;

(3.1) mixing polyamide 66 salt, deionized water and hexamethylene diamine in a mass ratio of 1:0.5:0.02, heating (the starting point of heating is 25 ℃) and stirring under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the stirring speed is 105 r/min;

(3.2) keeping the pressure at 1.7MPa after the temperature is increased to 205 ℃, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 1.4 h;

(3.3) reducing the pressure to normal pressure within 0.7h, reducing the stirring speed to 70r/min, vacuumizing to-0.08 MPa, and keeping for 0.5 h;

(3.4) stopping stirring, standing for 11min, and discharging under the protection of nitrogen to obtain polyamide 66 oligomer;

(4) preparing a flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer;

(4.1) mixing 10 parts of polyamide 6 oligomer, 80 parts of polyamide 66 oligomer and 10 parts of flame retardant salt according to parts by weight, adding a proper amount of hexamethylenediamine to control the molar ratio of terminal amino groups to terminal carboxyl groups in a system to be within 1: 1.01-1.1 or 1.01-1.1: 1, adding deionized water accounting for 55 wt% of the total mass of the system, heating (the starting point of heating is 25 ℃) and stirring under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the stirring speed is 150 r/min;

(4.2) keeping the pressure at 1.85MPa after the temperature is raised to 251 ℃, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 1.5 h;

(4.4) reducing the stirring speed to 45r/min, vacuumizing to-0.085 MPa, and keeping for 1 h;

(4.5) stopping stirring, standing for 11min, and discharging under the protection of nitrogen to obtain the flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer.

The structural formula of the finally prepared flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer is shown as a formula (II), wherein R_zThe structural formula of (A) is shown as a formula (III); the limit oxygen index of the flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer is 34.5 percent, and the vertical burning test reaches UL 94V-0 grade; the flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer has a number-average molecular weight Mn of 2.42X 10⁴g/mol, 243 ℃ of melting point, 80MPa of tensile strength, 160 percent of elongation at break and 8.0kJ/m of impact strength²。

Example 9

A preparation method of a flame-retardant polyamide 6 copolymer comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing a flame retardant salt;

(1.1) reacting DOPO derivative with diamine NH₂R₂NH₂Mixing the raw materials according to a molar ratio of 1:2.1, adding deionized water accounting for 25 wt% of the total mass of the system as a reaction solvent, heating (the temperature is raised to 25 ℃) and stirring under the protection of nitrogen, and stirringThe rotation speed is 100R/min, the structural formula of the DOPO derivative is shown as the formula (I), wherein R is₁Is CH₂Diamine NH₂R₂NH₂Is hexamethylene diamine;

(2) preparing polyamide 6 oligomer;

(3) preparing a flame-retardant polyamide 6 copolymer;

(3.1) mixing 97 parts of polyamide 6 oligomer and 3 parts of flame retardant salt according to parts by weight, adding a proper amount of adipic acid to control the molar ratio of terminal amino groups to terminal carboxyl groups in a system to be within 1: 1.01-1.1 or 1.01-1.1: 1, adding deionized water accounting for 50 wt% of the total mass of the system, heating (the starting point of heating is 25 ℃) and stirring under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the stirring speed is 150 r/min;

(3.2) keeping the pressure at 1.80MPa after the temperature is increased to 250 ℃, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 1 h;

(3.3) reducing the stirring speed to 100r/min, and reducing the pressure to normal pressure within 1 h;

(3.4) reducing the stirring speed to 50r/min, vacuumizing to-0.08 MPa and keeping for 1 h;

and (3.5) stopping stirring, standing for 12min, and discharging under the protection of nitrogen to obtain the flame-retardant polyamide 6 copolymer.

The structural formula of the finally prepared flame-retardant polyamide 6 copolymer is shown as a formula (II), wherein y is 0, and R is_zThe structural formula of (A) is shown as a formula (III); the limit oxygen index of the flame-retardant polyamide 6 copolymer is 31 percent, and the vertical burning test reaches UL 94V-0 grade; the number-average molecular weight Mn of the flame-retardant polyamide 6 copolymer is 2.6X 10⁴g/mol, melting point of 220 ℃, tensile strength of 80MPa, elongation at break of 150 percent and impact strength of 13kJ/m²。

Example 10

A preparation method of a flame-retardant polyamide 66 copolymer comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing a flame retardant salt;

(2) preparing polyamide 66 oligomer;

(2.1) mixing polyamide 66 salt, deionized water and adipic acid in a mass ratio of 1:0.3:0.0399, heating (the starting point of heating is 25 ℃) and stirring under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the stirring speed is 100 r/min;

(2.2) keeping the pressure at 1.2MPa after the temperature is raised to 220 ℃, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 1 h;

(2.3) reducing the pressure to normal pressure within 1h, reducing the stirring speed to 60r/min, vacuumizing to-0.05 MPa, and keeping for 0.5 h;

(2.4) stopping stirring, standing for 12min, and discharging under the protection of nitrogen to obtain polyamide 66 oligomer;

(3) preparing a flame-retardant polyamide 66 copolymer;

(3.1) mixing 97 parts of polyamide 66 oligomer and 3 parts of flame retardant salt according to parts by weight, adding a proper amount of adipic acid to control the molar ratio of terminal amino groups to terminal carboxyl groups in a system to be within 1: 1.01-1.1 or 1.01-1.1: 1, adding deionized water accounting for 60 wt% of the total mass of the system, heating (the starting point of heating is 25 ℃) and stirring under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the stirring speed is 200 r/min;

(3.2) keeping the pressure at 1.85MPa after the temperature is increased to 250 ℃, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 2 h;

(3.3) reducing the stirring speed to 100/min, and reducing the pressure to normal pressure within 2 h;

(3.4) reducing the stirring speed to 50r/min, vacuumizing to-0.08 MPa and keeping for 1.5 h;

and (3.5) stopping stirring, standing for 12min, and discharging under the protection of nitrogen to obtain the flame-retardant polyamide 66 copolymer.

The structural formula of the finally prepared flame-retardant polyamide 66 copolymer is shown as a formula (II), wherein x is 0, and R is_zThe structural formula of (A) is shown as a formula (III); the limit oxygen index of the flame-retardant polyamide 66 copolymer is 31.5 percent, and the vertical burning test reaches UL 94V-0 grade; the flame-retardant polyamide 66 copolymer has a number-average molecular weight Mn of 2.5X 10⁴g/mol, melting point of 250 ℃, tensile strength of 79MPa, elongation at break of 160 percent and impact strength of 11kJ/m²。

Example 11

A preparation method of a copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 fiber comprises the steps of firstly extracting a flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer prepared in example 1 in deionized water at 100 ℃ for 24 hours, then placing the extracted flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer and a biocide cuprous oxide in a vacuum drying oven at 105 ℃ for drying for 12 hours, finally mixing the flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer and the biocide cuprous oxide according to a mass ratio of 99:1, and then adding the mixture into a melt spinning machine for melt spinning to prepare the copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 fiber, wherein the spinning temperature is 265 ℃, the winding speed is 600m/min, and the drawing multiple is 4.0.

The antibacterial rate of the finally prepared copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 fiber to escherichia coli or staphylococcus aureus is 98%, and the antibacterial rate to escherichia coli or staphylococcus aureus after 5 times of washing is 96%.

The finally prepared copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 fiber has the tensile strength of 4.5cN/dtex, the elongation at break of 50 percent and the limiting oxygen index of 28.5 percent.

Comparative example 2

A method of making a co-flame retardant polyamide 6/66 fiber substantially as in example 11, except that the flame retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer used was the product of comparative example 1.

The finally prepared copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 fiber has an antibacterial rate of 97% for escherichia coli or staphylococcus aureus, and an antibacterial rate of 96% for escherichia coli or staphylococcus aureus after 5 times of washing.

The finally prepared copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 fiber has the tensile strength of 2.4cN/dtex, the elongation at break of 30 percent and the limiting oxygen index of 25 percent.

Comparing example 11 with comparative example 2, it can be seen that the flame retardant performance and mechanical properties of the copolymerized flame retardant polyamide 6/66 fiber prepared in example 11 are significantly better than those of comparative example 2, because the flame retardant salt prepared by the high temperature and high pressure reaction has a stable chemical structure and higher reactivity, so that the proportion introduced into the polyamide macromolecular chain is higher, the flame retardant performance of the obtained copolymer is more excellent, the relative molecular mass is higher, the mechanical properties are more prominent, and the flame retardant performance and mechanical properties of the fiber prepared from the polymer are also more excellent.

Example 12

A preparation method of a copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 fiber comprises the steps of firstly extracting a flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer prepared in example 2 in deionized water at 100 ℃ for 36 hours, then placing the extracted flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer and antistatic agent carbon black in a vacuum drying oven at 110 ℃ for drying for 24 hours, finally mixing the flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer and the antistatic agent carbon black according to a mass ratio of 98:2, and then adding the mixture into a melt spinning machine for melt spinning to prepare the copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 fiber, wherein the spinning temperature is 270 ℃, the winding speed is 600m/min, and the drawing multiple is 3.6.

The volume specific resistance of the finally prepared copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 fiber is 2 multiplied by 10⁹Ω·cm。

The finally prepared copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 fiber has the tensile strength of 4.2cN/dtex, the elongation at break of 52 percent and the limiting oxygen index of 29 percent.

Example 13

A preparation method of a copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 fiber comprises the steps of firstly extracting a flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer prepared in example 3 in deionized water at 100 ℃ for 48 hours, then placing the extracted flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer and a color master batch (blue) of Kelain chemical RENOL-B21 in a vacuum drying box at 115 ℃ for drying for 36 hours, finally mixing the flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer and the color master batch (blue) of Kelain chemical RENOL-B21 in a mass ratio of 97:3, and then adding the mixture into a melt spinning machine for melt spinning to prepare the copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 fiber, wherein the spinning temperature is 275 ℃, the winding speed is 600m/min, and the drawing multiple is 3.5.

The color difference of the finally prepared copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 fiber reaches 5 grades, the pigment is uniformly distributed, and the color rendering property is good.

The finally prepared copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 fiber has the tensile strength of 3.8cN/dtex, the elongation at break of 55 percent and the limiting oxygen index of 29.5 percent.

Example 14

A preparation method of a copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 fiber comprises the steps of firstly extracting a flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer prepared in example 4 in deionized water at 100 ℃ for 72 hours, then placing the extracted flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer and polypropylene in a vacuum drying box at 120 ℃ for drying for 48 hours, finally respectively melting and adding the flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer and the polypropylene into a composite spinning machine according to the mass ratio of 3:2 for melt spinning to prepare the copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 composite fiber, wherein the copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 composite fiber is in a sheath-core type, the flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer serves as a sheath layer, the spinning temperature is 275 ℃, the winding speed is 600m/min, and the drawing multiple is 3.2.

The finally prepared copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 fiber has the tensile strength of 4.0cN/dtex, the elongation at break of 55 percent and the limiting oxygen index of 29.5 percent.

Example 15

A preparation method of a copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 fiber comprises the steps of firstly extracting a flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer prepared in example 5 in deionized water at 100 ℃ for 24 hours, then placing the extracted flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer in a vacuum drying oven at 125 ℃ for drying for 12 hours, and finally adding the flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer into a melt spinning machine for melt spinning to prepare the copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 composite fiber, wherein spinneret holes on a spinneret plate used for melt spinning are T-shaped spinneret holes, the spinning temperature is 280 ℃, the winding speed is 600m/min, and the drawing multiple is 3.2.

The finally prepared copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 fiber has the tensile strength of 3.5cN/dtex, the elongation at break of 58 percent and the limiting oxygen index of 30.0 percent.

Example 16

A preparation method of copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 fiber comprises the steps of firstly extracting the flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer prepared in example 6 in deionized water at 100 ℃ for 36 hours, then placing the extracted flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer and an antistatic agent zinc oxide in a vacuum drying oven at 105 ℃ for drying for 24 hours, finally mixing the flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer and the antistatic agent zinc oxide according to the mass ratio of 98.5:1.5, then adding the mixture into a melt spinning machine for melt spinning to prepare the copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 fiber, wherein the spinneret holes on a spinneret plate used for melt spinning are Y-shaped spinneret holes, the spinning temperature is 285 ℃, the winding speed is 600m/min, and the drawing multiple is 3.2.

The final prepared copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 fiber volume specific resistance is 3.75 multiplied by 10⁹Ω·cm。

The finally prepared copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 fiber has the tensile strength of 3.5cN/dtex, the elongation at break of 60 percent and the limiting oxygen index of 30.5 percent.

Example 17

A preparation method of copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 fiber comprises the steps of firstly extracting the flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer prepared in example 7 in deionized water at 100 ℃ for 72 hours, then placing the extracted flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer and antimicrobial agent silver-loaded nano zinc oxide in a vacuum drying oven at 110 ℃ for drying for 36 hours, finally mixing the flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer and the antimicrobial agent silver-loaded nano zinc oxide according to a mass ratio of 99.5:0.5, and then adding the mixture into a melt spinning machine for melt spinning to prepare the copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 fiber, wherein spinneret holes on a spinneret plate used for melt spinning are trilobal spinneret holes, the spinning temperature is 290 ℃, the winding speed is 800m/min, and the drawing multiple is 3.5.

The antibacterial rate of the finally prepared copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 fiber to escherichia coli or staphylococcus aureus is 98%, and the antibacterial rate to the escherichia coli or staphylococcus aureus after 5 times of washing is 95.7%.

The finally prepared copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 fiber has the tensile strength of 4.0cN/dtex, the elongation at break of 54 percent and the limiting oxygen index of 31.5 percent.

Example 18

A preparation method of copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 fiber comprises the steps of firstly extracting the flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer prepared in example 8 in deionized water at 100 ℃ for 24 hours, then placing the extracted flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer and Craine chemical RENOL-R950 color master batch (red) in a vacuum drying oven at 115 ℃ for drying for 48 hours, finally mixing the flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 copolymer and the Craine chemical RENOL-R950 color master batch (red) according to the mass ratio of 98:2, and then adding the mixture into a melt spinning machine for melt spinning to prepare the copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 fiber, wherein spinneret holes on a spinneret plate used for melt spinning are hollow spinneret holes, the spinning temperature is 295 ℃, the winding speed is 600m/min, and the drawing multiple is 3.5.

The color difference of the finally prepared copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 fiber reaches 4-5 grades, the pigment is uniformly distributed, and the color rendering property is good.

The finally prepared copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide 6/66 fiber has the tensile strength of 3.6cN/dtex, the elongation at break of 53 percent and the limiting oxygen index of 32 percent.

Example 19

A preparation method of a copolymerization flame-retardant polyamide 6 fiber comprises the steps of firstly extracting a flame-retardant polyamide 6 copolymer prepared in example 9 in deionized water at 100 ℃ for 36 hours, then placing the extracted flame-retardant polyamide 6 copolymer and polyamide 6 in a vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃ for drying for 12 hours, finally respectively melting and adding the flame-retardant polyamide 6 copolymer and polyamide 6 into a composite spinning machine according to the mass ratio of 2:1 for melt spinning to prepare the copolymerization flame-retardant polyamide 6 composite fiber, wherein the copolymerization flame-retardant polyamide 6 composite fiber is in a parallel form, spinneret holes on a spinneret plate used for melt spinning are double-cross spinneret holes, the spinning temperature is 265 ℃, the winding speed is 600m/min, and the drawing multiple is 3.2.

The finally prepared copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide 6 fiber has the tensile strength of 3.5cN/dtex, the elongation at break of 52 percent and the limiting oxygen index of 28 percent.

Example 20

A preparation method of a copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide 66 fiber comprises the steps of firstly extracting a flame-retardant polyamide 66 copolymer prepared in example 10 in deionized water at 100 ℃ for 72 hours, then placing the extracted flame-retardant polyamide 66 copolymer in a vacuum drying oven at 125 ℃ for drying for 24 hours, and finally adding the flame-retardant polyamide 66 copolymer into a melt spinning machine for melt spinning to prepare the copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide 66 fiber, wherein the spinning temperature is 300 ℃, the winding speed is 1000m/min, and the drawing multiple is 3.2.

The finally prepared copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide 66 fiber has the tensile strength of 3.5cN/dtex, the elongation at break of 55 percent and the limiting oxygen index of 28.5 percent.

Claims

1. A preparation method of a copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide fiber is characterized by comprising the following steps: taking the flame-retardant polyamide copolymer as all or part of spinning raw materials to carry out spinning to prepare copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide fiber;

the structural formula of the DOPO derivative is as follows:

in the formula, R₁Is a straight chain C₁～C₁₂An alkylene structure;

R₂is straight, branched or cyclic C₂～C₁₅An alkylene structure;

the high temperature is 200-250 ℃, and the high pressure is 1.2-1.8 MPa.

2. The preparation method of the copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide fiber according to claim 1, wherein the flame-retardant polyamide copolymer is subjected to extraction treatment before spinning, and the specific process is as follows: and extracting the flame-retardant polyamide copolymer in deionized water at 100 ℃ for 24-72 h.

3. The preparation method of the copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide fiber according to claim 2, wherein the solid spinning raw material is dried before spinning, and the specific process is as follows: and (3) placing the extracted flame-retardant polyamide copolymer chips and other solid spinning raw materials in a vacuum drying oven at 105-125 ℃ for drying for 12-48 h.

4. The preparation method of the copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide fiber according to claim 1, wherein the spinning process comprises: the flame retardant polyamide copolymer is fed into a melt spinning machine for melt spinning and drawing.

5. The preparation method of the copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide fiber according to claim 1, wherein the spinning process comprises: mixing the flame-retardant polyamide copolymer with the antimicrobial agent, and adding the mixture into a melt spinning machine for melt spinning; the antimicrobial agent is cuprous oxide, silver-loaded nano zinc oxide or biomass graphene; the antibacterial rate of the copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide fiber to escherichia coli or staphylococcus aureus is more than 97%, and the antibacterial rate to the escherichia coli or staphylococcus aureus after 5 times of washing is more than 95%.

6. The preparation method of the copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide fiber according to claim 1, wherein the spinning process comprises: mixing the flame-retardant polyamide copolymer with an antistatic agent, and adding the mixture into a melt spinning machine for melt spinning; the antistatic agent is carbon black, tin oxide or zinc oxide; the volume specific resistance of the copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide fiber is less than 1 x 10¹⁰Ω·cm。

7. The preparation method of the copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide fiber according to claim 1, wherein the spinning process comprises: introducing a colorant into the flame-retardant polyamide copolymer melt and then carrying out melt spinning; the colorant is color master batch, color paste or color sand.

8. The preparation method of the copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide fiber according to claim 1, wherein the spinning process comprises: respectively melting the flame-retardant polyamide copolymer and the fiber-forming polymer, converging in a composite spinning device to form a two-component melt, and performing melt spinning through a spinning component; the fiber-forming polymer is polyamide, polyester, polyethylene or polypropylene.

9. The method for preparing a copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide fiber according to any one of claims 4 to 8, wherein spinneret holes on a spinneret plate used for melt spinning are circular, polygonal, multi-lobal or hollow spinneret holes; the technological parameters of melt spinning are as follows: the spinning temperature is 265-300 ℃, the winding speed is 600-1500 m/min, and the drafting multiple is 3.2-4.2.

10. The copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide fiber prepared by the preparation method of the copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 9, which is characterized in that the main material is a flame-retardant polyamide copolymer, and the structural formula of the flame-retardant polyamide copolymer is as follows:

wherein x is the polymerization degree of polyamide 6 oligomer, y is the polymerization degree of polyamide 66 oligomer, and R_zThe structural formula of (A) is as follows:

the number-average molecular weight Mn of the flame-retardant polyamide copolymer is 2.4X 10⁴～2.7×10⁴g/mol, the melting point is 220-250 ℃; the tensile strength of the copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide fiber is 3.0-4.5 cN/dtex, the elongation at break is 50-60%, and the limiting oxygen index is more than 28%.