CN112143946A - High-thermal-conductivity high-strength aluminum alloy material, preparation method thereof and application thereof in radiator - Google Patents
High-thermal-conductivity high-strength aluminum alloy material, preparation method thereof and application thereof in radiator Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of preparation of aluminum alloy materials, and particularly discloses a high-heat-conductivity high-strength aluminum alloy material, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in a radiator. The invention discloses a high-heat-conductivity high-strength aluminum alloy material which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: si: 0.36-0.39%, Mg: 0.53 to 0.59 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.18 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of Zn, and the balance of Al, wherein the content of single impurity is less than 0.03 percent, and the content of total impurity is less than 0.10 percent; the preparation method provided by the invention is low in cost and short in preparation time, and the aluminum alloy material obtained by the invention is good in heat conductivity and high in strength, and can be widely applied to the fields of radiators and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of preparation of aluminum alloy materials, and particularly discloses a high-heat-conductivity high-strength aluminum alloy material, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in a radiator.
Background
The application of the existing aluminum alloy on heat conduction materials is increasing day by day, and the aluminum alloy is often used for heat dissipation plates and the like. The conventional aluminum alloy is difficult to maintain high heat conduction and high strength rate under the condition of high strength. Currently, copper and copper alloys are commonly used as heat conductive materials in the market.
The most used metals in heat sinks are copper and copper alloys, but copper is relatively expensive and has a high mass, and there is a significant cost advantage to using light and inexpensive aluminum instead of copper as the heat transfer material. The heat conductivity of pure aluminum is superior to that of aluminum alloy, but the pure aluminum has lower hardness and is easy to deform, so that the heat dissipation is influenced, and even the service life is prolonged.
The heat conduction is realized by the heat transfer of electrons, atoms, molecules and crystal lattices in the material, the heat conduction of the metal mainly depends on the heat movement of free electrons, and the metal material with good electric conductivity has high heat conductivity. The thermal conductivity of metal is in positive correlation with the electrical conductivity of the metal, the aluminum alloy is generally selected to improve the strength of the heat dissipation part, but after the alloy elements are added, the movement of free electrons is seriously hindered due to the increase of lattice distortion and defects along with the improvement of the strength, so that the thermal conductivity is greatly reduced. The traditional six-series aluminum alloy has higher strength, but the heat conductivity is obviously reduced, while the one-series aluminum alloy has high heat conductivity, but the hardness and the strength are lower, particularly in a long-time high-temperature environment, the strength softening effect is obvious, the current product lacks an aluminum alloy heat conduction material which can give consideration to both higher heat conductivity and higher strength, the high-strength and high-heat-conduction aluminum alloy is developed, and the high-strength and high-heat-conduction aluminum alloy has good market prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, in order to improve the heat conductivity of the radiator, on the basis of meeting the mechanical property, the invention provides a high-heat-conductivity high-strength aluminum alloy material, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in the radiator.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention aims to provide an aluminum alloy with excellent heat conductivity, and discloses a high-heat-conductivity and high-strength aluminum alloy material, which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: si: 0.36-0.39%, Mg: 0.53 to 0.59 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.18 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of Zn, and the balance of Al, wherein the content of single impurity is less than 0.03 percent, and the content of total impurity is less than 0.10 percent. By controlling the content and proportion of trace elements in the alloy, dislocation and distortion in an aluminum alloy matrix are reduced, and heat conduction between free electrons of aluminum atoms is maximized.
The second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the aluminum alloy material with high thermal conductivity and high strength, which comprises the following steps:
(1) heating and melting a raw material aluminum ingot to obtain aluminum liquid;
(2) removing dross on the surface of the aluminum liquid, and adding Si: 0.36-0.39%, Mg: 0.53-0.59 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.18 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of Zn, and the balance of Al, wherein the content of single impurity is less than 0.03 percent, and the content of total impurity is less than 0.10 percent, and refining and standing are carried out;
(3) filtering the aluminum liquid after standing, and then carrying out water cooling casting to obtain an aluminum bar;
(4) preheating the aluminum bar and then carrying out extrusion forming.
Preferably, in the step (1), the melting temperature is 720-750 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (2), the refining temperature is 730-750 ℃ and the refining time is 30-50 min; the temperature of standing is as follows: 720 ℃ and 740 ℃ for 20-40 min.
Preferably, in the step (3), a 30-mesh ceramic filter plate is adopted for filtering; the water cooling conditions include: the temperature of the water is less than 40 ℃, and the cooling time is 1.0-1.5 h.
Preferably, in the step (4), the preheating conditions include: the preheating temperature is 300 ℃ and 350 ℃, and the preheating time is 3-5 hours.
Preferably, in the step (4), the extrusion molding conditions include: the extrusion speed is 0.7-3.0 mm/s.
The invention also aims to provide the application of the high-thermal-conductivity high-strength aluminum alloy material in a radiator.
Preferably, the structure of the heat radiator comprises a base plate (1) and heat radiating fins (2) arranged on the base plate, wherein the base plate (1) and the heat radiating fins (2) are hollow, and are filled with heat conducting fluid with high specific heat capacity.
The radiator adopts a fluid diversion heat dissipation mode, and absorbs heat generated by the heating element by virtue of a high specific heat capacity fluid material, so that the instantaneous high heat flow density impact can be resisted, the uniformity of the surface temperature of the radiating fin can be improved by diversion heat dissipation of the high specific heat capacity fluid material, and the heat dissipation effect is enhanced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) compared with the traditional 6 series aluminum alloy, the improved novel aluminum alloy has better heat conductivity, the heat conductivity is improved by 20-30 percent, and can reach 208-.
2) Compared with the traditional 6 series aluminum alloy, the improved novel aluminum alloy has better conductivity, the tensile strength reaches 170-200MPa, and the elongation is 9-13%.
3) The radiator adopts a fluid diversion radiating mode, and has the advantages of good radiating effect, good sealing performance and low cost.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a heat sink of the present invention made of high thermal conductivity and high strength aluminum alloy.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a high-thermal-conductivity high-strength aluminum alloy material which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: si: 0.36-0.39%, Mg: 0.53 to 0.59 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.18 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of Zn, and the balance of Al, wherein the content of single impurity is less than 0.03 percent, and the content of total impurity is less than 0.10 percent.
The preparation method of the high-heat-conductivity high-strength aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps:
(1) heating and melting a raw material aluminum ingot to obtain aluminum liquid, wherein the melting temperature is 720-750 ℃;
(2) removing dross on the surface of the aluminum liquid, and adding Si: 0.36-0.39%, Mg: 0.53-0.59 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.18 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of Zn, and the balance of Al, wherein the content of single impurity is less than 0.03 percent, and the content of total impurity is less than 0.10 percent, and refining and standing are carried out; wherein the refining temperature is 730 ℃ and 750 ℃, and the time is 30-50 min; the standing temperature is as follows: 720 ℃ and 740 ℃ for 20-40 min.
(3) Filtering the aluminum liquid after standing, and then carrying out water cooling casting to obtain an aluminum bar; wherein, the filtration is carried out by adopting a 30-mesh ceramic filter plate; the water cooling conditions include: the temperature of the water is less than 40 ℃, and the cooling time is 1.0-1.5 h.
(4) Preheating an aluminum bar and then carrying out extrusion forming; wherein the preheating conditions include: the preheating temperature is 300-350 ℃, and the preheating time is 3-5 hours; the extrusion molding conditions include: the extrusion speed is 0.7-3.0 mm/s.
The high-heat-conductivity high-strength aluminum alloy material or the preparation method thereof is applied to a radiator.
The structure of the radiator comprises a substrate (1) and radiating fins (2) arranged on the substrate, wherein the substrate (1) and the radiating fins (2) are hollow, and high-specific heat capacity heat-conducting fluid is filled in the substrate and the radiating fins.
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. The following examples are merely illustrative and explanatory of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. All the technologies realized based on the above-mentioned contents of the present invention are covered in the protection scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise indicated, the raw materials and reagents used in the following examples are all commercially available products or can be prepared by known methods.
Example 1
The high-heat-conductivity high-strength aluminum alloy material comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: si: 0.36%, Mg: 0.53 percent, 0.02 percent of Cu, 0.18 percent of Fe, 0.02 percent of Mn, 0.01 percent of Cr0.01 percent, 0.01 percent of Zn0.01 percent and the balance of Al, wherein the content of single impurity is less than 0.03 percent and the content of total impurity is less than 0.10 percent.
The preparation method of the high-heat-conductivity high-strength aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps:
(1) heating and melting a raw material aluminum ingot to obtain molten aluminum, wherein the melting temperature is 720 ℃;
(2) removing dross on the surface of the aluminum liquid, and adding Si: 0.36%, Mg: 0.53 percent of Cu, 0.02 percent of Fe, 0.18 percent of Mn, 0.02 percent of Cr, 0.01 percent of Zn, and the balance of Al, wherein the content of single impurity is less than 0.03 percent, and the content of total impurity is less than 0.10 percent, and the alloy element content in the aluminum liquid is adjusted according to the standard, refined and stood; wherein the refining temperature is 730 ℃ and the refining time is 30 min; the standing temperature is as follows: at 720 deg.C for 20 min.
(3) Filtering the aluminum liquid after standing, and then carrying out water cooling casting to obtain an aluminum bar; wherein, the filtration is carried out by adopting a 30-mesh ceramic filter plate; the water cooling conditions include: the temperature of the water is 35 ℃, and the cooling time is 1.0 h.
(4) Preheating an aluminum bar and then carrying out extrusion forming; wherein the preheating conditions include: preheating temperature is 300 ℃, and preheating time is 3 hours; the extrusion molding conditions include: the extrusion speed was 0.7 mm/s.
Example 2
The high-heat-conductivity high-strength aluminum alloy material comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: si: 0.39%, Mg: 0.59 percent of Cu, less than 0.02 percent of Cu, less than 0.18 percent of Fe, less than 0.02 percent of Mn, less than 0.01 percent of Cr, less than 0.01 percent of Zn, and the balance of Al, wherein the content of single impurity is less than 0.03 percent, and the content of total impurity is less than 0.10 percent.
The preparation method of the high-heat-conductivity high-strength aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps:
(1) heating and melting a raw material aluminum ingot to obtain aluminum liquid, wherein the melting temperature is 750 ℃;
(2) removing dross on the surface of the aluminum liquid, and adding Si: 0.39%, Mg: 0.59 percent of Cu, less than 0.02 percent of Cu, less than 0.18 percent of Fe, less than 0.02 percent of Mn, less than 0.01 percent of Cr, less than 0.01 percent of Zn and the balance of Al, wherein the content of single impurity is less than 0.03 percent and the content of total impurity is less than 0.10 percent, and the alloy element in the aluminum liquid is adjusted according to the standard, refined and stood; wherein the refining temperature is 750 ℃ and the refining time is 50 min; the standing temperature is as follows: 740 ℃ for 40 min.
(3) Filtering the aluminum liquid after standing, and then carrying out water cooling casting to obtain an aluminum bar; wherein, the filtration is carried out by adopting a 30-mesh ceramic filter plate; the water cooling conditions include: the temperature of the water is 39 ℃, and the cooling time is 1.5 h.
(4) Preheating an aluminum bar and then carrying out extrusion forming; wherein the preheating conditions include: the preheating temperature is 350 ℃, and the preheating time is 5 hours; the extrusion molding conditions include: the extrusion speed was 3.0 mm/s.
The high-heat-conductivity high-strength aluminum alloy material is applied to a radiator.
Example 3
The high-heat-conductivity high-strength aluminum alloy material comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: si: 0.38%, Mg: 0.57 percent, less than 0.02 percent of Cu, less than 0.18 percent of Fe, less than 0.02 percent of Mn, less than 0.01 percent of Cr, less than 0.01 percent of Zn, and the balance of Al, wherein the content of single impurity is less than 0.03 percent, and the content of total impurity is less than 0.10 percent.
The preparation method of the high-heat-conductivity high-strength aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps:
(1) heating and melting a raw material aluminum ingot to obtain aluminum liquid, wherein the melting temperature is 730 ℃;
(2) removing dross on the surface of the aluminum liquid, and adding Si: 0.38%, Mg: 0.57 percent of Cu, less than 0.02 percent of Cu, less than 0.18 percent of Fe, less than 0.02 percent of Mn, less than 0.01 percent of Cr, less than 0.01 percent of Zn and the balance of Al, wherein the content of single impurity is less than 0.03 percent and the content of total impurity is less than 0.10 percent, and the alloy element in the aluminum liquid is adjusted according to the standard, refined and stood; wherein the refining temperature is 740 ℃, and the refining time is 40 min; the standing temperature is as follows: 730 ℃ for 30 min.
(3) Filtering the aluminum liquid after standing, and then carrying out water cooling casting to obtain an aluminum bar; wherein, the filtration is carried out by adopting a 30-mesh ceramic filter plate; the water cooling conditions include: the temperature of the water is 36 ℃, and the cooling time is 1.2 h.
(4) Preheating an aluminum bar and then carrying out extrusion forming; wherein the preheating conditions include: the preheating temperature is 320 ℃, and the preheating time is 4 hours; the extrusion molding conditions include: the extrusion speed was 2.7 mm/s.
The high-heat-conductivity high-strength aluminum alloy material is used for manufacturing a radiator, the structure of the radiator comprises a substrate (1) and radiating fins (2) arranged on the substrate, and the substrate (1) and the radiating fins (2) are hollow and filled with high-specific heat-capacity heat-conducting fluid.
Test example
The test data of the test samples in the examples 1, 2 and 3 are shown in the table 1, wherein the tensile strength is measured by using samples and methods for preparing products of GB/T16865-2013 wrought aluminum, magnesium and alloys thereof by using a tensile test method; the heat-conducting property of the material is measured by a laser scattering technical method.
TABLE 1
| Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | |
| Tensile strength MPa | 179 | 185 | 191 |
| Thermal conductivity W/(m.K) | 210 | 219 | 227 |
According to the data in table 1, the content and the proportion of the trace elements in the alloy are controlled, so that the dislocation and the distortion in the aluminum alloy matrix are reduced, and the heat conduction between free electrons of aluminum atoms is maximized. Therefore, the high-thermal-conductivity high-strength aluminum alloy material and the preparation method thereof are very suitable for being applied to radiators.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described above. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The high-heat-conductivity high-strength aluminum alloy material is characterized by comprising the following chemical components in percentage by mass: si: 0.36-0.39%, Mg: 0.53 to 0.59 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.18 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of Zn, and the balance of Al, wherein the content of single impurity is less than 0.03 percent, and the content of total impurity is less than 0.10 percent.
2. The preparation method of the high-thermal-conductivity high-strength aluminum alloy material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) heating and melting a raw material aluminum ingot to obtain aluminum liquid;
(2) removing dross on the surface of the aluminum liquid, and adding Si: 0.36-0.39%, Mg: 0.53-0.59 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.18 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of Zn, and the balance of Al, wherein the content of single impurity is less than 0.03 percent, and the content of total impurity is less than 0.10 percent, and refining and standing are carried out;
(3) filtering the aluminum liquid after standing, and then carrying out water cooling casting to obtain an aluminum bar;
(4) preheating the aluminum bar and then carrying out extrusion forming.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the melting temperature in step (1) is 720-750 ℃.
4. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step (2), the refining temperature is 730-750 ℃ and the refining time is 30-50 min; the temperature of standing is as follows: 720 ℃ and 740 ℃ for 20-40 min.
5. The method for preparing the aluminum alloy material with high thermal conductivity and high strength as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step (3), the aluminum alloy is filtered by a 30-mesh ceramic filter plate; the water cooling conditions include: the temperature of the water is less than 40 ℃, and the cooling time is 1.0-1.5 h.
6. The method for preparing the high-thermal-conductivity high-strength aluminum alloy material according to claim 2, wherein in the step (4), the preheating conditions comprise: the preheating temperature is 300 ℃ and 350 ℃, and the preheating time is 3-5 hours.
7. The method for preparing the aluminum alloy material with high thermal conductivity and high strength as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step (4), the extrusion molding conditions include: the extrusion speed is 0.7-3.0 mm/s.
8. Use of the high thermal conductivity high strength aluminum alloy material of any one of claims 1 to 7 in a heat sink.
9. Use according to claim 8, characterized in that the structure of the heat sink comprises a base plate (1) and heat dissipating fins (2) arranged thereon, the base plate (1) and the heat dissipating fins (2) being internally hollow and filled with a heat conducting fluid of high specific heat capacity.
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