Background
The surfactant is an amphiphilic compound containing a nonpolar oleophilic group and a polar hydrophilic group in a molecular structure, can form directional arrangement on a gas-liquid interface and a solid-liquid interface, can remarkably reduce the surface tension of the solution by adding a small amount of the surfactant into the solution, and effectively changes the physical and chemical properties of the interface. Therefore, the method is widely applied to the fields of daily life, industry and agriculture, high and new technology and the like, and becomes one of important industries of chemical processes. The surfactant industry still has the defects of single variety, simple structure, laggard process and the like due to the long-standing weak foundation.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to enrich the types of surfactants and endow the surfactants with functionalization, the invention designs and prepares a Bola type surfactant with anion-cation reversal capability and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical means:
a Bola type surfactant with anion-cation reversal capability has a structural formula as follows:
the surfactant reverses the properties of anions and cations according to the change of the pH value of the external environment.
The Bola type surfactant is an anionic surfactant under the condition that the external environment is alkaline, and is a cationic surfactant under the condition that the external environment is acidic.
A preparation method of a Bola type surfactant with anion-cation reversal capability comprises the following steps:
mixing 1, 12-diaminododecane and cyclobut-3-ene dicarboxylic anhydride, introducing nitrogen, and performing nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction at 150-200 ℃ to generate imide; followed by LiAlH4Reducing carbonyl by a reducing agent at 0-35 ℃;
adding potassium permanganate into the product after carbonyl reduction, and heating to 90-100 ℃ to perform oxidation reaction to generate carboxyl; and after the reaction is finished, carrying out post-treatment to obtain a final product.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the molar ratio of 1, 12-diaminododecane to cyclobutane-3-enedicarboxylic anhydride in the nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction is 1: 4.
As a further improvement of the invention, in the reduction reaction, LiAlH4The molar ratio of the 1, 12-diaminododecane to the N-methyl-dodecyl-benzene-N-methyl-ethyl-benzene-N-methyl-dodecane is 2-2.4: 1.
As a further improvement of the invention, in the oxidation reaction, the amount of the substance of the potassium permanganate is 2-4 times of the amount of the substance of the 1, 12-diaminododecane.
As a further improvement of the invention, in the oxidation reaction, after the product after carbonyl reduction is diluted, potassium permanganate is slowly added at 0 ℃, and then the temperature is raised for reaction.
As a further improvement of the invention, the post-treatment comprises:
and after the reaction is finished, adding sodium sulfite to remove excessive potassium permanganate, filtering by adopting diatomite and extracting impurities by adopting ethyl acetate, collecting a water phase, adjusting the pH value to be 2-4 to separate out a product, and filtering and drying to constant weight to obtain a final product.
Compared with the prior surfactant, the invention has the following advantages:
the Bola type surfactant with the anion-cation reversal capability prepared by the invention can be applied to the fields of oil exploitation, crude oil recovery, soil remediation and the like. The surfactant has excellent anion-cation reversal characteristics, and the type of the surfactant can be changed according to the external environment. The anionic surfactant is used under the condition that the external environment is alkaline, and the cationic surfactant is used under the condition that the external environment is acidic.
The surfactant can realize the reversal of the properties of anions and cations according to the change of the pH value of the external environment, and particularly, the Bola type surfactant with the anion and cation reversal capability is an anionic surfactant under the alkaline condition of the external environment and is a cationic surfactant under the acidic condition of the external environment.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a Bola type surfactant with anion-cation reversal capability, the reaction equation of the preparation process is as follows:
according to the reaction mechanism, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a Bola type surfactant with anion-cation reversal capability, the structural formula of the surfactant is as follows:
the method for preparing the Bola type surfactant with the anion-cation reversal capability comprises the following steps:
1) dropwise adding 1, 12-diaminododecane and cyclobut-3-ene dicarboxylic anhydride in sequence into a three-neck flask provided with a reflux condenser pipe, introducing nitrogen, reacting for 2-5 h at 150-200 ℃, and performing a first-step nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction to generate imide, wherein the molar ratio of the 1, 12-diaminododecane to the cyclobut-3-ene dicarboxylic anhydride is 1: 4; followed by LiAlH4Reduction of imide for reducing agent, in which LiAlH4The molar ratio of the 1, 12-diaminododecane to the N-hydroxydodecane is 2-2.4: 1, the reduction temperature is 0-35 ℃, and the reduction time is 4-6 hours.
2) Diluting the product, slowly adding potassium permanganate at 0 ℃, heating and reacting for 10-12 h, wherein the amount of potassium permanganate is 2-4 times that of 1, 12-diaminododecane; and reducing excessive potassium permanganate by using sodium sulfite, dropwise adding dilute hydrochloric acid until the pH of the reaction solution is 2-4, separating out the product, and filtering and drying to constant weight to obtain the final product.
The surfactant can realize reversal of anion and cation properties according to the change of external environment pH.
The inversion principle of the Bola type surfactant with the anion-cation inversion capability is realized by the following reactions:
the Bola type surfactant with the anion-cation reversal capability is an anionic surfactant under the condition that the external environment is alkaline, and is a cationic surfactant under the condition that the external environment is acidic.
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
(1) 1, 12-diaminododecane (20.0g, 0.1mol) and cyclobutane-3-enedicarboxylic anhydride (49.6g, 0.4mol) were added dropwise in this order to a 250mL three-necked flask equipped with a reflux condenser, and nitrogen was introduced 3 times, followed by heating to 180 ℃ for 3 hours and monitoring the completion of the reaction by TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography). After the reaction is finished, cooling to room temperature, adding 50mL of distilled water, extracting for 3 times by adopting 80mL of ethyl acetate, drying by anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtering, concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain a crude product, and finally separating by a column to obtain colorless oily imide.
(2) 80mL of tetrahydrofuran dried with sodium metal were charged into a 250mL three-necked flask, cooled to 0 ℃ using a cold salt bath, and 7.6g of LiAlH were slowly added in portions4After stirring for 3min, slowly dropwise adding the imide dissolved in tetrahydrofuran into a three-neck flask, and raising the temperature to 25 ℃ after the addition is finished to react for 4 h. The completion of the reaction was monitored by TLC (thinLayerChromatography). After the reaction is finished, cooling to 0 ℃, and sequentially adding 7.6mLH under ice salt bath2O, 7.6mL 15% aqueous NaOH and 22.8mLH2O quenching excess LiAlH4Filtering, washing the filter cake with ethyl acetate, filteringDrying the solution with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain crude product, and separating with column to obtain the final product.
(3) Adding the product and 80mL of distilled water into a 250mL three-neck flask, placing the three-neck flask in an ice salt bath, cooling to 0 ℃, and slowly adding potassium permanganate KMnO4(40g, the adding time is 40min), after all the components are added, slowly raising the temperature to 90 ℃ for reaction for 12 h. Excess KMnO was quenched by adding 80mL of saturated aqueous sodium sulfite solution to a three-necked flask4(ii) a After the purple color is faded, slowly cooling and filtering MnO generated in the reaction by diatomite while the MnO is hot2Obtaining clear filtrate; then extracting the filtrate for 3 times by using ethyl acetate to remove impurities, collecting a water phase, adjusting the pH value of the water phase to 2 by using dilute hydrochloric acid to precipitate a solid, and filtering and drying to obtain a pure final product.
The product obtained in example 1 is obtained in 59% yield.
Example 2
(1) 1, 12-diaminododecane (20.0g, 0.1mol) and cyclobutane-3-enedicarboxylic anhydride (49.6g, 0.4mol) were added dropwise in this order to a 250mL three-necked flask equipped with a reflux condenser, and nitrogen was introduced 3 times, followed by heating to 150 ℃ for 2 hours and monitoring the completion of the reaction by TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography). After the reaction is finished, cooling to room temperature, adding 50mL of distilled water, extracting for 3 times by adopting 80mL of ethyl acetate, drying by anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtering, concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain a crude product, and finally separating by a column to obtain colorless oily imide.
(2) 90mL of tetrahydrofuran dried with sodium metal were charged into a 250mL three-necked flask, cooled to 0 ℃ using a cold salt bath, and 8.36g of LiAlH were slowly added in portions4After stirring for 3min, slowly dropwise adding the imide dissolved in tetrahydrofuran into a three-neck flask, and raising the temperature to 30 ℃ after the addition for reaction for 5 h. The completion of the reaction was monitored by TLC (thinLayerChromatography). After the reaction is finished, cooling to 0 ℃, and sequentially adding 8.4mLH into the mixture under ice salt bath2O, 8.4mL 15% aqueous NaOH and 25.2mLH2O quenching excess LiAlH4Filtering, fully washing a filter cake by using ethyl acetate, drying the filtrate by using anhydrous magnesium sulfate, concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain a crude product, and finally separating by using a column to obtain a product.
(3) Adding the product and 80mL of distilled water into a 250mL three-neck flask, placing the three-neck flask in an ice salt bath, cooling to 0 ℃, and slowly adding potassium permanganate KMnO4(31.6g, the addition time is 40min), and after the addition is finished, the temperature is slowly raised to 100 ℃ for reaction for 10 h. Excess KMnO was quenched by adding 80mL of saturated aqueous sodium sulfite solution to a three-necked flask4(ii) a After the purple color is faded, slowly cooling and filtering MnO generated in the reaction by diatomite while the MnO is hot2Obtaining clear filtrate; then extracting the filtrate for 3 times by using ethyl acetate to remove impurities, collecting a water phase, adjusting the pH value of the water phase to 3 by using dilute hydrochloric acid to precipitate a solid, and filtering and drying to obtain a pure final product.
The product obtained in example 2 was obtained in 53% yield.
Example 3
(1) 1, 12-diaminododecane (20.0g, 0.1mol) and cyclobutane-3-enedicarboxylic anhydride (49.6g, 0.4mol) were added dropwise in this order to a 250mL three-necked flask equipped with a reflux condenser, and nitrogen was introduced 3 times, followed by heating to 200 ℃ for 5 hours and monitoring the completion of the reaction by TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography). After the reaction is finished, cooling to room temperature, adding 50mL of distilled water, extracting for 3 times by adopting 80mL of ethyl acetate, drying by anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtering, concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain a crude product, and finally separating by a column to obtain colorless oily imine.
(2) 100mL of tetrahydrofuran dried with sodium metal was charged into a 250mL three-necked flask, cooled to 0 ℃ using a cold salt bath, and 9.12g of LiAlH was slowly added in portions4After stirring for 3min, slowly dropwise adding the imide dissolved in tetrahydrofuran into a three-neck flask, and raising the temperature to 35 ℃ after the addition for reacting for 6 h. The completion of the reaction was monitored by TLC (thinLayerChromatography). After the reaction is finished, cooling to 0 ℃, and sequentially adding 9.2mLH under ice salt bath2O, 9.2mL 15% aqueous NaOH and 27.6mLH2O quenching excess LiAlH4Filtering, fully washing a filter cake by using ethyl acetate, drying the filtrate by using anhydrous magnesium sulfate, concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain a crude product, and finally separating by using a column to obtain a product.
(3) Adding the product and 80mL of distilled water into a 250mL three-neck flask, placing the three-neck flask in a salt-ice bath, cooling to 0 ℃, and slowingSlowly adding potassium permanganate KMnO4(50g, the adding time is 40min), and after the adding is finished, slowly raising the temperature to 90 ℃ for reaction for 12 h. Excess KMnO was quenched by adding 80mL of saturated aqueous sodium sulfite solution to a three-necked flask4(ii) a After the purple color is faded, slowly cooling and filtering MnO generated in the reaction by diatomite while the MnO is hot2Obtaining clear filtrate; then extracting the filtrate for 3 times by using ethyl acetate to remove impurities, collecting a water phase, adjusting the pH value of the water phase to 4 by using dilute hydrochloric acid to precipitate solids, and filtering and drying to obtain a pure final product.
The product obtained in example 3 is obtained in 54% yield.
Example 4
(1) 1, 12-diaminododecane (20.0g, 0.1mol) and cyclobutane-3-enedicarboxylic anhydride (49.6g, 0.4mol) were added dropwise in this order to a 250mL three-necked flask equipped with a reflux condenser, and nitrogen was introduced 3 times, followed by heating to 190 ℃ for 5 hours and monitoring the completion of the reaction by TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography). After the reaction is finished, cooling to room temperature, adding 50mL of distilled water, extracting for 3 times by adopting 80mL of ethyl acetate, drying by anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtering, concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain a crude product, and finally separating by a column to obtain colorless oily imide.
(2) 80mL of tetrahydrofuran dried with sodium metal were charged into a 250mL three-necked flask, cooled to 0 ℃ using a cold salt bath, and 9.5g of LiAlH were slowly added in portions4After stirring for 3min, slowly dropwise adding the imide dissolved in tetrahydrofuran into a three-neck flask, and raising the temperature to 25 ℃ after the addition is finished to react for 6 h. The completion of the reaction was monitored by TLC (thinLayerChromatography). After the reaction is finished, cooling to 0 ℃, and sequentially adding 9.5mLH into the mixture under ice salt bath2O, 9.5mL 15% aqueous NaOH and 28.5mLH2O quenching excess LiAlH4Filtering, fully washing a filter cake by using ethyl acetate, drying the filtrate by using anhydrous magnesium sulfate, concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain a crude product, and finally separating by using a column to obtain a product.
(3) Adding the product and 80mL of distilled water into a 250mL three-neck flask, placing the three-neck flask in an ice salt bath, cooling to 0 ℃, and slowly adding potassium permanganate KMnO4(63.2g, adding time is 40min), after all the materials are added, slowly raising the temperature to 100 ℃ for reactionAnd (5) 10 h. Excess KMnO was quenched by adding 80mL of saturated aqueous sodium sulfite solution to a three-necked flask4(ii) a After the purple color is faded, slowly cooling and filtering MnO generated in the reaction by diatomite while the MnO is hot2Obtaining clear filtrate; then extracting the filtrate for 3 times by using ethyl acetate to remove impurities, collecting a water phase, adjusting the pH value of the water phase to 2 by using dilute hydrochloric acid to precipitate a solid, and filtering and drying to obtain a pure final product.
The product obtained in example 4 was obtained in 62% yield.
In order to characterize the structural characteristics of a Bola-type surfactant with the anion-cation reversal ability, the Bola-type surfactant with the anion-cation reversal ability synthesized in example 4 was subjected to nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum test, and the results are shown below:
1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO):12.13(s,4H),2.78-2.43(m,16H),1.36-1.26(m,20H)ppm。
to characterize the surface tension of a Bola-type surfactant with the ability to reverse the cation and anion. The JK99C full-automatic surface tensiometer measures the surface tension of the surfactant solution. First, a surfactant solution having a concentration of 0.01mol/L was prepared, and the surface tension thereof was measured at 25 ℃. Continuously reading 5 data with rise and fall in the testing process, wherein the difference of the 5 data is less than 1, taking the average value of the data as the final surface tension value of the solution, and the testing method is a platinum ring method.
As shown in fig. 2, the surface tension of the surfactant solution is a function of pH. As can be seen, as the pH of the surfactant solution increases, its surface tension increases and then decreases. When the pH is 6, the surface tension reaches a maximum of 64.1mN/m, indicating that the surfactant has a strong surface activity under acidic or alkaline conditions.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention and it is not intended that the invention be limited to the specific embodiments described herein, but that various modifications, alterations, and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, which should be construed to fall within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.