CN112142525A - Slow release fertilizer - Google Patents
Slow release fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN112142525A CN112142525A CN202011067492.8A CN202011067492A CN112142525A CN 112142525 A CN112142525 A CN 112142525A CN 202011067492 A CN202011067492 A CN 202011067492A CN 112142525 A CN112142525 A CN 112142525A
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- Prior art keywords
- fertilizer
- slow release
- polyurethane coating
- coating
- fe3o4
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/04—Double-superphosphate; Triple-superphosphate; Other fertilisers based essentially on monocalcium phosphate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a slow release fertilizer, which comprises a slow release layer and nutritional ingredients from outside to inside, wherein the buffer layer is a polyurethane coating, the polyurethane coating contains 10-30wt% of magnetic particles, and the slow release fertilizer can be recycled by a simple physical method by adding the magnetic particles in the polyurethane coating, so that the slow release fertilizer is prevented from being polluted due to the fact that a slow release material is retained in soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fertilizers, in particular to a slow release fertilizer.
Background
The release of the nutrient components of the traditional fertilizer is immediate, so that the nutrient components can be quickly released in a short time, and the nutrient can not be absorbed by the plant in a longer period of time, so that the nutrient absorption of the plant is not uniform. Aiming at the problem, the conventional common method is to coat a layer of slow release coating outside the nutrient components of the fertilizer, and slowly dilute the nutrient from the slow release coating to release the nutrient components step by step so as to meet the nutrient absorption efficiency required by plants. Currently, the dissolution release pattern is generally divided into 3 types: (1) water-soluble fertilizers controlled by physical obstacle factors, such as coated granular fertilizers and matrix compound fertilizers, and the coated granular fertilizers can be further divided into organic polymer coated fertilizers (thermoplastic and resin) and inorganic coated fertilizers (such as sulfur and mineral coatings); (2) slightly soluble organic nitrogen compounds, which can be further classified into biodegradable slightly soluble organic nitrogen compounds (such as urea formaldehyde and other urea formaldehyde condensates) and compounds that are mainly chemically degraded (such as isobutylene cyclic diurea); (3) slightly soluble inorganic compounds such as metal ammonium phosphate salts, partially acidified phosphates, and the like.
However, the coating of the slow release fertilizer is a high molecular compound, and is slowly biodegradable, and CN107602238A discloses a photocatalytic slow release coated fertilizer, which uses corn starch and acrylic ester as coating materials, but in the actual use process, the degradation speed of materials such as acrylic ester is slow, and long time is required for complete digestion of the materials by soil, and if the materials are repeatedly used in the next year, the accumulation of high molecular materials in soil is more and more, which affects the soil quality and also causes environmental pollution.
Therefore, the development of a recyclable slow release fertilizer which is harmless to the environment is very important.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a fertilizer suitable for potatoes, which has the characteristics of high potassium and low phosphorus and can effectively inhibit the dissolution of chlorine elements in the fertilizer.
According to the first aspect of the invention, the slow-release potassium fertilizer particularly suitable for potato growth is provided, and comprises a slow-release layer and nutritional ingredients from outside to inside, wherein the buffer layer is a polyurethane coating, and the polyurethane coating contains 15-25wt% of magnetic particles.
The magnetic particles are uniformly distributed in the polyurethane slow-release coating, when the growth of the plant is finished, the polyurethane coating can be effectively adsorbed from the soil by ploughing with an instrument with a magnet, and compared with the method for decomposing the polymer material coating by means of photocatalysis, biodegradation and the like in the prior art, the method for sucking the magnetic particles from the soil by adopting magnetic force is simple, efficient and more thorough, and the sucked magnetic particles can carry out partial soil and can be separated by a conventional separation method. So that the magnetic particles can be recycled.
The preparation method of the slow release fertilizer comprises the following steps:
1. preparation of polyurethane coating:
uniformly stirring and mixing 55-65wt% of polyether polyol, 0.1-0.5wt% of catalyst, 10-30wt% of magnetic particles and 15-20wt% of polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate, and reacting to obtain a polyurethane coating;
2. preparing a slow-release potassium fertilizer:
and (3) putting the nutrient components of the slow release fertilizer into a fluidized bed, and introducing the polyurethane coating prepared in the step 1 for coating.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the magnetic particles is 15 to 20wt%, and more preferably, 16wt%, 17wt%, 18wt%, 19wt%, 20wt% may be used.
The magnetic particles are Fe3O 4.
The catalyst is an amine tin catalyst.
The prepared polyurethane coating is added with the magnetic particles, so that the polyurethane coating can be adsorbed and recovered through magnetic force after crops grow.
Preferably, the Fe3O4 particles are coated with an inert layer, because ferroferric oxide is easily oxidized into iron oxide in the air, the inert layer is coated to avoid the contact of the Fe3O4 particles with humid air so as to keep the magnetism necessary, but the coating of the inert layer has certain requirements, the magnetic effect of the Fe3O4 particles cannot be influenced, and if the coating thickness is too large or the coating interacts with the Fe3O4 particles, the recovery becomes difficult, so that the loss is not paid.
The inert layer is a metal nitride.
Preferably, the preparation method of the inert layer is that the lemon group modified Fe3O4 magnetic nano particles are used, nitrogen gas with a certain flow rate is introduced into a quartz tube provided with the nano magnetic fluid, meanwhile, the heating temperature is over 800 ℃, the nitrogen gas is continuously introduced, the temperature is kept for 15-45min, a heating system is closed, natural cooling is carried out, the nitrogen flow rate is kept unchanged in the cooling process, the nano magnetic fluid coated with the insulation is obtained, the nano magnetic fluid obtained by the method is coated with metal nitride on the surface of the magnetic powder, and the formed compact protective film is chemically inert to the electrolyte.
Preferably, the flow rate of the nitrogen gas introduced into the quartz tube is 300-500 ml/min.
Preferably, the heating temperature is 800-.
Preferably, the polyurethane coating comprises 2 to 5wt% of a zirconate coupling agent;
preferably, the polyurethane coating includes an anionic surfactant in an amount of 15 to 20wt% of the zirconate coupling agent.
The anionic surfactant is sodium dodecyl sulfate.
As an embodiment of the present invention, there is no particular limitation on the nutrient components in the slow release fertilizer, any fertilizer that does not adversely react with the magnetic particles or the slow release coating may be used, and the elements of the nutrient components are not particularly limited, and the adjustment of the nutrient components is known according to the crop system to which the fertilizer is applied, and thus will not be described herein.
The nutrient component is one or more of potassium fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer.
One or more of the nitrogen fertilizers of ammonium sulfate and urea.
The phosphate fertilizer is one or more of calcium superphosphate and triple superphosphate.
The additive is one or more of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, compound sodium nitrophenolate, forchlorfenuron and sodium naphthylacetate.
The ratio of each nutrient element in the nutrient components is not particularly limited, and it is known to adjust the ratio of the nutrient components according to the actual crop system, for example, in the slow release fertilizer for potato crops, the mass ratio of potassium fertilizer is 40-50wt%, the mass ratio of nitrogen fertilizer is 20-40%, the mass ratio of phosphate fertilizer is 15-20%, and the mass ratio of additive is 10-15%.
The additive is an additive with unique functions in the fertilizer and is used for improving the performance of the fertilizer, promoting the efficacy of the fertilizer, decomposing residual pesticides and nitrates, improving the soil environment and the like.
Preferably, the additive comprises one or more of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6), compound sodium nitrophenolate, forchlorfenuron (KT-30) and sodium naphthylacetate;
preferably, the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate accounts for 15-30wt% of the additive, the compound sodium nitrophenolate accounts for 15-30wt% of the additive, the forchlorfenuron accounts for 25-40wt% of the additive, and the sodium phenylacetate accounts for 15-30wt% of the additive.
The second aspect of the invention provides a preparation method of the slow release fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
1. preparation of polyurethane coating:
uniformly stirring and mixing 55-65wt% of polyether polyol, 0.1-0.5wt% of catalyst, 10-30wt% of magnetic particles and 15-20wt% of polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate, and reacting to obtain a polyurethane coating;
2. preparing a slow-release potassium fertilizer:
and (3) putting the nutrient components of the slow release fertilizer into a fluidized bed, and introducing the polyurethane coating prepared in the step 1 for coating.
Preferably, 2-5wt% of zirconate coupling agent can be added in the step 1, the adding mode is not particularly limited, and simple physical mixing is adopted to ensure that all components are uniform;
preferably, when the zirconate coupling agent is added in the step 1 in an amount of 2 to 5wt%, an anionic surfactant may be added in an amount of 15 to 20wt% based on the zirconate coupling agent, the addition method is not particularly limited, and it is sufficient to ensure uniformity of each component by simple physical mixing.
Preferably, the method also comprises a step of coating Fe3O4, wherein the step comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of introducing nitrogen gas at a certain flow rate into a quartz tube provided with the nano magnetic fluid by using the Fe3O4 magnetic nano particles modified by the lemon groups, heating to a temperature of above 800 ℃, continuously introducing the nitrogen gas, keeping the temperature for 15-45min, closing a heating system, naturally cooling, keeping the nitrogen gas flow rate unchanged in the cooling process to obtain the nano magnetic fluid coated with insulation, coating the surface of the magnetic powder with metal nitride by using the nano magnetic fluid obtained by the method, and forming a compact protective film which is chemically inert to electrolyte.
Preferably, the flow rate of the nitrogen gas introduced into the quartz tube is 300-500 ml/min.
Preferably, the heating temperature is 800-.
Detailed Description
Example 1
1. Preparation of polyurethane coating:
stirring and mixing uniformly 54.7wt% of polyether polyol, 0.3wt% of catalyst, 18wt% of Fe3O4 particles and 27wt% of polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate, and reacting to obtain the polyurethane coating.
2. Preparing a slow-release potassium fertilizer:
the nutrient components of the slow release fertilizer are as follows: urea: triple superphosphate: additives =30:20:15:10 were placed in the fluidized bed and introduced into the polyurethane coating prepared in step 1 above for coating.
Applying fertilizer of 450 kg/hectare for one crop period, harvesting mature crops, arranging a magnet on a plowing machine, recovering a polyurethane coating by the magnet, calcining the recovered polyurethane coating at high temperature under an oxygen-containing atmosphere at 800 ℃, separating oxidized Fe2O3, and calculating the iron content to finally obtain the iron recovery rate of 37%.
Example 2
1. Preparation of inert layer coated Fe3O4 particles
Introducing nitrogen with the flow rate of 300ml/min into a quartz tube provided with Fe3O4, heating to 1000 ℃, continuously introducing the nitrogen, preserving the heat for 30min, closing a heating system, naturally cooling, keeping the nitrogen flow rate unchanged in the cooling process to obtain the Fe3O4 after insulation coating, and coating metal nitride on the surface of magnetic powder by using the Fe3O4 obtained by the method.
2. Preparation of polyurethane coating:
uniformly stirring and mixing 54.7wt% of polyether polyol, 0.3wt% of catalyst, 18wt% of Fe3O4 particles prepared in the step 1 and 27wt% of polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate, and reacting to obtain a polyurethane coating;
3. preparing a slow-release potassium fertilizer:
the nutrient components of the slow release fertilizer are as follows: urea: triple superphosphate: additives =30:20:15:10 were placed in the fluidized bed and introduced into the polyurethane coating prepared in step 1 above for coating.
Applying fertilizer of 450 kg/hectare for one crop period, harvesting mature crops, arranging a magnet on a plowing machine, recovering a polyurethane coating by the magnet, calcining the recovered polyurethane coating at high temperature under an oxygen-containing atmosphere at 800 ℃, separating oxidized Fe2O3, and calculating the iron content to finally obtain the iron recovery rate of 69%.
Example 3
1. Preparation of inert layer coated Fe3O4 particles
Introducing nitrogen with the flow rate of 300ml/min into a quartz tube provided with Fe3O4, heating to 1000 ℃, continuously introducing the nitrogen, preserving the heat for 30min, closing a heating system, naturally cooling, keeping the nitrogen flow rate unchanged in the cooling process to obtain the Fe3O4 after insulation coating, and coating metal nitride on the surface of magnetic powder by using the Fe3O4 obtained by the method.
2. Preparation of polyurethane coating:
uniformly stirring and mixing 54.7wt% of polyether polyol, 0.3wt% of catalyst, 3wt% of zirconate coupling agent, 15wt% of Fe3O4 particles obtained in the step 1 and 27wt% of polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate, and reacting to obtain a polyurethane coating;
3. preparing a slow-release potassium fertilizer:
the nutrient components of the slow release fertilizer are as follows: urea: triple superphosphate: additives =30:20:15:10 were placed in the fluidized bed and introduced into the polyurethane coating prepared in step 1 above for coating.
Applying fertilizer of 450 kg/hectare for one crop period, harvesting mature crops, arranging a magnet on a plowing machine, recovering a polyurethane coating by the magnet, calcining the recovered polyurethane coating at high temperature under an oxygen-containing atmosphere at 800 ℃, separating oxidized Fe2O3, and calculating the iron content to finally obtain the iron recovery rate of 77%.
Example 4
1. Preparation of inert layer coated Fe3O4 particles
Introducing nitrogen with the flow rate of 300ml/min into a quartz tube provided with Fe3O4, heating to 1000 ℃, continuously introducing the nitrogen, preserving the heat for 30min, closing a heating system, naturally cooling, keeping the nitrogen flow rate unchanged in the cooling process to obtain the Fe3O4 after insulation coating, and coating metal nitride on the surface of magnetic powder by using the Fe3O4 obtained by the method.
2. Preparation of polyurethane coating:
uniformly stirring and mixing 54.7wt% of polyether polyol, 0.3wt% of catalyst, 2.4wt% of zirconate coupling agent, 0.6wt% of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 15wt% of Fe3O4 particles obtained in the step 1 and 27wt% of polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate, and reacting to obtain a polyurethane coating;
3. preparing a slow-release potassium fertilizer:
the nutrient components of the slow release fertilizer are as follows: urea: triple superphosphate: additives =30:20:15:10 were placed in the fluidized bed and introduced into the polyurethane coating prepared in step 1 above for coating.
Applying fertilizer of 450 kg/hectare for one crop period, harvesting mature crops, arranging a magnet on a plowing machine, recovering a polyurethane coating by the magnet, calcining the recovered polyurethane coating at high temperature under an oxygen-containing atmosphere at 800 ℃, separating oxidized Fe2O3, and calculating the iron content to finally obtain the iron recovery rate of 85%.
Comparative example 1
1. Preparation of inert layer coated Fe3O4 particles
Introducing nitrogen with the flow rate of 300ml/min into a quartz tube provided with Fe3O4, heating to 1000 ℃, continuously introducing the nitrogen, preserving the heat for 30min, closing a heating system, naturally cooling, keeping the nitrogen flow rate unchanged in the cooling process to obtain the Fe3O4 after insulation coating, and coating metal nitride on the surface of magnetic powder by using the Fe3O4 obtained by the method.
2. Preparation of polyurethane coating:
uniformly stirring and mixing 54.7wt% of polyether polyol, 0.3wt% of catalyst, 3wt% of silane coupling agent, 15wt% of Fe3O4 particles obtained in the step 1 and 27wt% of polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate, and reacting to obtain a polyurethane coating;
3. preparing a slow-release potassium fertilizer:
the nutrient components of the slow release fertilizer are as follows: urea: triple superphosphate: additives =30:20:15:10 were placed in the fluidized bed and introduced into the polyurethane coating prepared in step 1 above for coating.
Applying fertilizer of 450 kg/hectare for one crop period, harvesting mature crops, arranging a magnet on a plowing machine, recovering a polyurethane coating by the magnet, calcining the recovered polyurethane coating at high temperature under an oxygen-containing atmosphere at 800 ℃, separating oxidized Fe2O3, and calculating the iron content to finally obtain the iron recovery rate of 60%.
Claims (8)
1. A slow release fertilizer comprises a slow release layer and nutrient components from outside to inside,
wherein the buffer layer is a polyurethane coating, and the polyurethane coating contains 15-25wt% of magnetic particles.
2. The slow release fertilizer of claim 1, wherein the magnetic particles are Fe3O 4.
3. The slow release fertilizer of claim 1, wherein the Fe3O4 is coated with an inert layer.
4. The slow release fertilizer of claim 1, wherein the nutrient component is one or more of potassium fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer.
5. The slow release potash fertilizer of claim 3, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is one or more of ammonium sulfate and urea.
6. The slow release potassium fertilizer of claim 3, wherein the phosphate fertilizer is one or more of calcium superphosphate and triple superphosphate.
7. The slow release fertilizer as claimed in claim 3, wherein the additive is one or more of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, compound sodium nitrophenolate, forchlorfenuron and sodium naphthylacetate.
8. A method of preparing a slow release potash fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
1. preparation of polyurethane coating:
stirring and mixing 55-65wt% of polyether polyol, 0.1-0.5wt% of catalyst, 10-30wt% of Fe3O4 particles and 15-20wt% of polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate uniformly, and reacting to obtain a polyurethane coating;
2. preparing a slow-release potassium fertilizer:
and (3) putting the nutrient components of the slow release fertilizer into a fluidized bed, and introducing the polyurethane coating prepared in the step 1 for coating.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011067492.8A CN112142525A (en) | 2020-10-06 | 2020-10-06 | Slow release fertilizer |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011067492.8A CN112142525A (en) | 2020-10-06 | 2020-10-06 | Slow release fertilizer |
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| CN112142525A true CN112142525A (en) | 2020-12-29 |
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| CN202011067492.8A Pending CN112142525A (en) | 2020-10-06 | 2020-10-06 | Slow release fertilizer |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113336604A (en) * | 2021-06-15 | 2021-09-03 | 山东农业大学 | Recyclable self-repairing elastic bio-based coating material and preparation method thereof |
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2020
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