CN112136003B

CN112136003B - Heat exchanger with joint member and method for manufacturing the same

Info

Publication number: CN112136003B
Application number: CN201980033621.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: J·奥詹佩拉
Original assignee: Valmet Technologies Oy
Current assignee: Valmet Technologies Oy
Priority date: 2018-05-21
Filing date: 2019-05-09
Publication date: 2022-10-11
Anticipated expiration: 2039-05-09
Also published as: EP3797246A1; FI20185466A1; JP2021525355A; PT3797246T; EP3797246B1; US20210231389A1; CN112136003A; US11761716B2; ES2924519T3; PL3797246T3; DK3797246T3; FI129941B; HUE059695T2; CN209909888U; WO2019224424A1

Abstract

A heat exchanger (10) comprises a first heat transfer tube (100) having a first primary rectilinear portion (101) and a first secondary rectilinear portion (103), the rectilinear portions (101, 103) being longitudinal (d) in a first plane (P) _l ) Extending in parallel. The heat exchanger (10) includes a first primary bonding portion (510) having a first primary surface (511), an opposing first secondary surface (512), and a first tertiary surface (513) extending from the first primary surface (511) to the first secondary surface (512). On the first tertiary surface (513), are arranged all along the longitudinal direction (d) _l ) A first primary aperture (514) and a first secondary aperture (515) extending through the first primary coupler portion (510). The heat exchanger (10) includes a first secondary coupling portion (520) having a second primary bore (524) and a second secondary bore (525) in a longitudinal direction (d) on a second tertiary surface (523) _l ) Extends from the second primary surface (521) to the second secondary surface (522) through the first secondary coupling portion (520). The first primary bonding element portion (510) has been welded to the first secondary bonding element portion (520) to form a first primary bonding element (530) that bonds portions of the first heat exchanger tube (100). Thus, the first primary coupling (530) defines a first primary aperture (533) and a first secondary aperture (534) formed by the holes (514, 515, 524, 525), wherein the linear portions (101, 103) extend through the first primary coupling (530) via the apertures (533, 534).

Description

Heat exchanger with joint member and method for manufacturing the same

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a tube heat exchanger. The present invention relates to a heat exchanger particularly suitable for use in a fluidized bed boiler. The present invention relates to a heat exchanger suitable for use in a circulating fluidized bed boiler. The present invention relates to fluidized bed heat exchangers. The present invention relates to a heat exchanger for a return charge (loopseal) of a circulating fluidized bed boiler. The invention relates to a particle cooler.

Background

A fluidized bed heat exchanger is known from us patent 9,371,987. The heat transfer tubes of the fluidized bed heat exchanger comprise straight portions and bent portions, whereby the heat transfer tubes are configured to be meandering. The elongate tubes are not mechanically rigid and therefore they need to be mechanically supported in use. In the prior art document, the wall of the space isolated from the fluidized bed provides mechanical support for the tubes. In the alternative, the tube may be supported on the wall of the furnace. It is known from document US8,141,502 to support a pipe from below over substantially the entire length of the pipe.

However, the structure in which the walls support the tubes is difficult to manufacture. The wall supporting the tube may be provided with suitable apertures for the tube. However, in this manufacturing method, the tube needs to be assembled from a plurality of parts; at least the straight part and the curved part are welded together. Even with the well-known process, welding is somewhat cumbersome because the heat transfer tubes need to withstand a pressure of about 120 bar and a temperature of about 600 c.

Disclosure of Invention

It is an object of the present invention to provide a mechanical support for a heat transfer tube of a heat exchanger, which support can be easily manufactured. In the specification, a support, i.e., a bond, is disclosed. A heat exchanger with such a combination is disclosed in the independent claim. A method for manufacturing such a heat exchanger is disclosed in the independent claim. The combination is suitable for use with one or more heat transfer tubes that are bent at certain locations. The combination is suitable for use with one or more heat transfer tubes that do not require assembly or further assembly.

Drawings

Figure 1a shows a circulating fluidized bed boiler in a side view,

figure 1b shows a bubbling fluidized bed boiler in a side view,

figure 2a shows the first heat transfer pipe in a side view,

figure 2b shows the heat transfer tube of figure 2a and a combination joining together the straight parts,

figure 3a shows a cross-sectional view IIIa-IIIa of the heat transfer tube and coupling of figure 2b,

figure 3b shows a cross-sectional view IIIb-IIIb of the heat transfer tube and coupling of figure 2b,

figure 3c shows part IIIc of figure 3b in more detail,

fig. 4a shows the joint and the heat transfer pipe in a top view, in which the normal lines of the primary surfaces (511, 521) are parallel to the longitudinal direction of the heat transfer pipe,

fig. 4b shows the joint and the heat transfer pipe in a top view, in which the normal lines of the primary surfaces (511, 521) are not parallel to the longitudinal direction of the heat transfer pipe,

fig. 5a shows the coupling and the heat transfer pipe in a top view, wherein the coupling portions partly overlap in the direction of the normal N of the plane P,

fig. 5b shows the coupling and the heat transfer pipe in a top view, wherein the coupling portions completely overlap in the direction of the normal N of the plane P,

fig. 5c shows the coupling and the heat transfer pipe in a top view, wherein the coupling portions do not overlap in the direction of the normal N of the plane P,

figure 6a shows the adapter and heat transfer tube with stopper in top view,

figure 6b shows the coupling and heat transfer tube with the stopper in a first end view,

figure 6c shows the coupling and heat transfer tube with the stop in a second end view,

figure 7a shows a cross-section of a straight portion of a coaxial heat transfer tube having an inner heat transfer tube and an outer refractory material,

figure 7b shows a cross section of a bend portion of a coaxial heat transfer tube having an inner heat transfer tube and an outer refractory material,

fig. 8a shows an arrangement of two heat transfer tubes and a joint supporting the two heat transfer tubes in a side view,

figure 8b shows a cross-sectional view VIIIb-VIIIb of figure 8a,

fig. 9a shows an arrangement of three heat transfer tubes and a joint supporting the heat transfer tubes in a side view,

fig. 9b shows an arrangement of four heat transfer tubes and a joint supporting these heat transfer tubes in a side view,

fig. 10 shows in perspective view a first arrangement of four heat transfer tubes and two bonding members that support the heat transfer tubes, and a second arrangement of four heat transfer tubes and two bonding members that support the heat transfer tubes,

fig. 11a shows an arrangement of two heat transfer tubes and two binders supporting the two heat transfer tubes in a side view,

fig. 11b shows in perspective view the arrangement module of the multiple heat transfer pipe arrangement of fig. 11a,

FIG. 11c shows the placement module of FIG. 11b in an end view, an

Figure 12 shows a plate from which portions of the binding can be cut, and a cut line for cutting.

To illustrate the different views of the embodiment, three orthogonal directions Sx, sy, and Sz are indicated in the figures. Preferably, in use, the direction Sz is substantially vertical and upward. Thus, the direction Sz is substantially opposite to gravity. Direction S in fig. 10 _h Refers to the horizontal direction, which is perpendicular to Sz.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1a shows a circulating fluidized bed boiler 1 in a side view. The circulating fluidized bed boiler 1 includes: a furnace 50; a cyclone 40, which is a device 40 for separating bed material from flue gas; and a return device 5, the return device 5 being configured to receive bed material from the cyclone 40. In fig. 1a, the flue gas channel is indicated with reference numeral 20. Flue gases are discharged from the furnace 50 via the flue gas channel 20.

Fig. 1b shows the bubbling fluidized bed boiler 1 in a side view. The bubbling fluidized bed boiler 1 comprises a furnace 50 and a flue gas channel 20.

Typically, the fluidized bed boiler 1 (bubbling or circulating) comprises a flue

gas heat exchanger

26, 28 in the flue gas channel 20. The flue

gas heat exchangers

26, 28 are configured to recover heat from the flue gas. Some of the flue gas heat exchangers may be superheaters 26 configured to superheat steam by recovering heat from the flue gas. Some of the heat exchangers may be economizers 28 configured to heat and/or boil water by recovering heat from the flue gas.

In a circulating fluidized bed boiler (fig. 1 a), bed material is conveyed from the upper part of the furnace 50 to a cyclone 40 for separating the bed material from the gas. The bed material falls from cyclone 40 through passage 60 to return means 5. In the return device 5, a bed material is formed. The bed material is returned from the return device 5 to the furnace 50 via a conduit 15. In the return device 5, the wall 51 of the return device 5 defines a volume V in which a fluidized bed of circulating bed material is arranged. In a bubbling fluidized bed boiler (fig. 1 b), the bed material is fluidized in a furnace 50. Thus, the walls 51 of the furnace 50 define a volume V in which the fluidized bed of bed material is arranged.

In general, the fluidized bed boiler 1 comprises a conduit for a heat transfer medium. In use, a heat transfer medium is circulated in the conduit and heated by the heat exchangers, particularly the flue

gas heat exchangers

26, 28 and the fluidized bed heat exchanger 10. The conduits form a circulation for the heat transfer medium. In the cycle, the same heat transfer medium may flow between the flue

gas heat exchangers

26, 28 and the fluidized bed heat exchanger 10. The cycle is generally formed such that the heat exchange medium is first heated in an economizer 28 and thereafter in a superheater 26. Furthermore, after the superheater 26, the heat exchange medium is heated in the fluidized bed heat exchanger 10. The medium (e.g., superheated steam) is then typically sent to a steam turbine.

The invention relates in particular to the construction of heat exchangers, and to methods of manufacturing such heat exchangers. In a preferred use, the heat exchanger is arranged in a fluidized bed, for example in a return device 5 of a circulating fluidized bed boiler or in the furnace of a bubbling fluidized bed boiler. Typically, the heat exchanger comprises a plurality of tubes, wherein a first heat transfer medium (e.g. water and/or steam) is configured to flow. Outside the tubes, a second heat transfer medium (e.g., bed material) is configured to flow, whereby heat is transferred from the second heat transfer medium to the first heat transfer medium through the walls of the tubes. The heat exchanger 10, when installed in a fluidized bed, forms a fluidized bed heat exchanger 10, which may be made part of a boiler or a spare part for a boiler. Accordingly, one embodiment relates to a heat exchanger 10. Furthermore, one embodiment relates to a fluidized bed boiler 1.

In this specification, the following terms are used:

"Heat transfer tubes" refers to tubes. The heat transfer tube may be made of only one substantially homogeneous material (e.g., metal, such as steel). When considering feasibility, the heat transfer tubes may be referred to as "plain" heat transfer tubes, to distinguish them from "in-line heat transfer tubes". Conventional heat transfer tubes may be constructed of some type of metal because metal generally conducts heat well.

"coaxial heat transfer tubes" refers to an arrangement of a plurality of heat transfer tubes in which the laterally outermost heat transfer tubes surround the inner heat transfer tubes. A coaxial heat transfer tube is an arrangement of a plurality of heat transfer tubes (typically only two heat transfer tubes) that are coaxial with one another.

"straight portion" means such a portion of the heat transfer tube (ordinary tube or coaxial tube): has been obtained from a tube manufacturer and has not yet been bent. Typically, pipe manufacturers provide straight, rigid pipes. Radius of curvature r of center line of straight line portion _s (see FIG. 2 a) is at least 1 meter (1 m). Radius of curvature r of straight line portion _s May be infinite or substantially infinite.

"bent portion" refers to a portion of a heat transfer tube (plain or coaxial) that has been bent. Radius of curvature r of the center line of the curved portion _c (see fig. 2 a) less than 1 meter (1 m). Preferably, the radius of curvature r of the curved portion _c Is at least three times the diameter of the heat transfer tube.

Fig. 2a shows the heat transfer pipe 100, i.e., the first heat transfer pipe 100, in a side view. The heat exchanger 10 of the present invention includes a first heat transfer pipe 100. As shown in fig. 2a, the first heat transfer pipe 100 includes a first primary straight line portion 101, a first primary curved portion 102, a first secondary straight line portion 103, a first secondary curved portion 104, and a first tertiary straight lineA line portion 105, and another (i.e., tertiary) curved portion 106 and another (i.e., quaternary) straight portion 107. At least the curved portion is located between two straight portions of the tube 100 in the extension direction of the tube such that the straight portions of the first heat transfer tube 100 are in the longitudinal direction d _l Extending in parallel in a first plane P. In fig. 2a, the flow direction of the heat transfer medium inside the tubes 100 in the first primary straight section 101 is opposite to the flow direction of the heat transfer medium inside the tubes in the first secondary straight section 103. And also opposite to the flow direction of the heat transfer medium in the tubes in the first tertiary straight-line portion 105. Fig. 2a also shows a distributor head 142 configured to supply a heat transfer medium into the first heat transfer tubes 100 and optionally to other heat transfer tubes of the heat exchanger 10. Fig. 2a also shows a collector head 144 configured to collect heat transfer medium from the first heat transfer tubes 100 and optionally from other heat transfer tubes of the heat exchanger 10.

The heat exchanger 10 may be modular, i.e. insertable into and removable from, for example, the boiler 1. For reasons of dealing with such a heat exchanger 10, the heat transfer tubes 100 are preferably mechanically supported. For this purpose, the heat exchanger 10 is equipped with a first primary coupling 530, as shown in fig. 2 b. Preferably, the heat exchanger 10 is also equipped with a first secondary coupling 540, as shown in fig. 2 b. As shown in fig. 11a, the distance d _bond In the longitudinal direction d _l Between the first primary coupling 530 and the first secondary coupling. Distance d _bond May be, for example, at least 50cm, such as at least 1m. A sufficiently large distance improves the mechanical stability of the heat exchanger.

The first primary bonding element 530 and the first secondary bonding element 540 may be manufactured according to the principles set forth later in this application. They may be identical in structure. The first primary bond 530 bonds together at least two portions of at least one heat transfer tube to support one or more heat transfer tubes. In one embodiment, the first primary coupling 530 is supported or configured to be supported to a support structure of a boiler. For example, the first primary coupler 530 may be supported (e.g., connected) to a floor or a beam of the boiler in the space V. In one embodiment, the first primary bonding element 530 is supported or configured to be supported on a support structure below one or more

heat transfer tubes

100, 200. In such an embodiment, the coupling 530 should bear a portion of the weight of the heat transfer tube.

The first primary bonding element 530 includes a first primary bonding element portion 510 and a first secondary bonding element portion 520. Fig. 3a shows a cross-sectional view IIIa-IIIa of fig. 2 b. Thus, in typical use, FIG. 3a is a top view of the first primary coupler 530 and the first primary straight section 101 of the pipe 100.

Referring to fig. 3a, the first primary bonding element portion 510 includes a first primary surface 511. In one embodiment, the entire first primary surface 511 is planar. In the embodiment of fig. 3a, the first primary surface 511 faces the longitudinal direction d of the first straight portion (101, 103) of the tube 100 _l . However, as shown in fig. 4b, this is not essential. The first primary bonding portion 510 includes a first secondary surface 512 opposite the first primary surface 511. In one embodiment, the entire first secondary surface 512 is planar. In FIG. 3a, the first secondary surface 512 faces the longitudinal direction d _l Opposite direction-d _l . The first primary coupling portion 510 includes a first tertiary surface 513. As will be discussed later, the first tertiary surface 513 may be fabricated by cutting. Thus, the angle between the normal of the first tertiary surface 513 and the normal of the first primary surface 511 depends on how the first primary bonding element portion 510 is manufactured, e.g. cut out of a plate.

The first primary bonding portion 510 and the first straight portion (101, 103) of the pipe 100 are arranged with respect to each other in the following manner: a portion of the first tertiary surface 513 faces the first primary straight-line portion 101 and a portion of the first tertiary surface 513 faces the first secondary straight-line portion 103. In particular, the surfaces of the

holes

514, 515 will face the

rectilinear portions

101, 103, as described below. This has the following effect: portions of the tube 100 may fit into the

holes

514, 515. Thus, at least a portion of the first tertiary surface 513 faces in the direction of the normal N of the first plane P. A first tertiary surface 513 connects first primary surface 511 and first secondary surface 512. Preferably, at each point (location) of first tertiary surface 513, the tangential direction of first tertiary surface 513 is flatIn plane P, as shown in fig. 3 a. However, the first tertiary surface may be arranged at a different angle relative to the plane P (not shown) than the surfaces of the

holes

514, 515. As also shown in fig. 4a and 4b, preferably all planar portions of the first tertiary surface 513 face in the direction of the normal N to the first plane P. Preferably, at all points, the first tertiary surface 513 has a normal belonging to a plane whose normal is longitudinal d _l Is unidirectional (same direction) (see fig. 4a and 4 b).

Referring now to fig. 3b and 3c, a first primary aperture 514 is disposed on the first tertiary surface 513. The first primary aperture 514 is configured to receive a portion of the first primary linear portion 101. Therefore, the shape of the first primary hole 514 is fitted (i.e., fitted) to the outer surface of the first primary straight-line portion 101. Thus, the first primary bonding element portion 510 defines a first primary aperture 514 in the first tertiary surface 513, the first primary aperture passing through the first primary bonding element portion 510 from the first primary surface 511 along the longitudinal direction d _l Extending to the first secondary surface 512. Also, a part of the first primary straight line portion 101 is arranged in the first primary hole 514 as shown in fig. 3b. The first primary aperture 514 forms a portion of the first primary aperture 533.

In a similar manner, first secondary apertures 515 are disposed on first tertiary surface 513. The first secondary orifice 515 is configured to receive a portion of the first secondary straight portion 103. Therefore, the shape of the first secondary orifice 515 is adapted (i.e., fitted) to the outer surface of the first secondary straight-line portion 103. As such, the first primary bonding portion 510 defines a first secondary hole 515 on the first tertiary surface 513 along the longitudinal direction d from the first primary surface 511 through the first primary bonding portion 510 _l Extending to the first secondary surface 512. Also, a part of the first secondary straight-line portion 103 is arranged in the first secondary hole 515, as shown in fig. 3b. First secondary hole 515 forms a portion of first secondary orifice 534.

Holes

514 and 515 and 524, 525, which will be defined later, are notches on surface 513 (or 523) that define apertures for receiving coupling 530 of a portion of the heat transfer tube, particularly a portion of a straight portion thereof. The one or more shapes of the one or more apertures are adapted to (i.e. fit to) one or more respective portions of the one or more tubes in the following manner: in use, there is substantially no gap left between the

tertiary surfaces

513, 523 and the outer surface of the tube. For reasons of manufacturing tolerances, it is possible to leave a gap having a width of at most 0.5mm at some point between the surface of the bore (514, 515, 524, 525) and the outer surface of the portion (101, 103) of the tube 100. Thus, even though fig. 3b shows a gap between the tube portions (101, 103) and the holes (514, 515, 524, 525) for illustrative reasons, preferably no such gap is present in the heat exchanger. The small gap or the complete absence of a gap improves the wear resistance of the pipe 100, since in this case the movement between the

coupling parts

510, 520 and the

pipe parts

101, 103 is reduced, which reduces the wear of the pipe 100 or

pipes

100, 200, 300, 400.

To join the first straight portions (101, 103) together, the first primary bonding portion 510 extends from the first secondary aperture 515 to the first primary aperture 514.

Referring to fig. 3a, the first secondary coupler portion 520 includes a second primary surface 521. In one embodiment, the entire second primary surface 521 is planar. In fig. 3a, the second primary surface 521 faces the longitudinal direction d of the first straight portion (101, 103) of the tube 100 _l . However, as noted above, this is not required. The first secondary coupler portion 520 includes a second secondary surface 522 opposite the second primary surface 521. In one embodiment, the entire second secondary surface 522 is planar. Thus, in FIG. 3a, the second secondary surface 522 faces the longitudinal direction d _l In contrast to-d _l And (4) direction. The first secondary coupling portion 520 includes a second tertiary surface 523. The first secondary coupler portion 520 and the first straight portion (101, 103) of the pipe 100 are arranged relative to each other in the following manner: at least part of the second tertiary surface 523 faces the first straight portion (101, 103). At least part of the second tertiary surface 523 also faces in the direction of the normal N to the first plane P. A second tertiary surface 523 connects the second primary surface 521 and the second secondary surface 522. Preferably, as shown in FIG. 3a, at the second level three tableAt each point of face 523, the tangential direction of second tertiary surface 523 is the direction within plane P. For the first tertiary surface 513, preferably all planar portions of the second tertiary surface 523 face in the direction of the normal N of the first plane P. It is also preferred that at all points the second tertiary surface 523 has a normal belonging to a plane whose normal is longitudinal d _l Is unidirectional (see fig. 4a and 4 b).

Referring now to fig. 3b and 3c, a second primary aperture 524 is disposed on the second tertiary surface 523. The second primary aperture 524 is configured to receive a portion of the first primary linear portion 101. Therefore, the shape of the second primary hole 524 is adapted to the outer surface of the first primary straight line portion 101. As such, the first secondary coupling part 520 defines a second primary aperture 524 on the second tertiary surface 523, the second primary aperture passing through the first secondary coupling part 520 from the second primary surface 521 along the longitudinal direction d _l To the second secondary surface 522. Also, a part of the first primary straight-line portion 101 is arranged into the second primary hole 524, as shown in fig. 3b. The second primary aperture 524 forms a portion of the first primary aperture 533.

In a similar manner, a second secondary orifice 525 is disposed on the second tertiary surface 523. The second secondary orifice 525 is configured to receive a portion of the first secondary straight portion 103. Therefore, the shape of the second secondary orifice 525 is adapted to the outer surface of the first secondary straight-line portion 103. Thus, the first secondary coupling part 520 defines a second secondary hole 525 on the second tertiary surface 523, which second secondary hole passes from the second primary surface 521 through the first secondary coupling part 520 in the longitudinal direction d _l To the second secondary surface 522. Also, a part of the first secondary straight-line portion 103 is arranged in the second secondary hole 525, as shown in fig. 3b. The second secondary bore 525 forms a portion of the first secondary orifice 534.

To join the first linear portions (101, 103) together, the first secondary coupling portion 520 extends from the second secondary bore 525 to the second primary bore 524.

In the heat exchanger 10, the first primary bonding element portion 510 has been welded to the first secondary bonding element portion 520 to form a first primary bonding element 530 that bonds portions of the first heat exchanger tube 100. When welded together, the first primary holes 514 and the second primary holes 524 combine to form the first primary apertures 533 of the first primary coupling 530, and in particular, the first primary straight portion 101 of the heat transfer pipe 100 extends therethrough. The shape of the first primary apertures 533 is adapted to the shape of the outer surface of the straight portion 101 of the heat transfer pipe 100. In a similar manner, the first secondary hole 515 and the second secondary hole 525 in combination form a first secondary orifice 534 of the first primary coupling 530 through which the straight portion 103 of the heat transfer pipe 100 extends. The shape of the first secondary orifices 534 is adapted to the shape of the outer surface of the straight portion 103 of the heat transfer pipe 100. As such, in one embodiment, the curved portion (e.g., 102) of the first heat transfer tube 100 does not extend through the first primary bond 530. As such, in one embodiment, the curved portion (e.g., 102) of the first heat transfer pipe 100 does not extend within the coupling 530.

As mentioned above and shown in fig. 4a, in this embodiment the first primary surface 511 has a longitudinal direction d with the first straight portion (101, 103) of the tube 100 _l Parallel normal N ₅₁₁ . Such a structure may be fabricated, for example, by cutting from the plate 500 in a normal direction on the plate 500 to form a first tertiary surface 513. However, first tertiary surface 513 may be cut at a different angle. Additionally or alternatively, if first tertiary surface 513 is cut by using a fluid jet, first tertiary surface 513 is not perpendicular to major surface 501 of sheet 500 (see FIG. 12). Referring to fig. 4b, in this case the first primary surface 511 has a normal N ₅₁₁ The normal of which is aligned with the longitudinal direction d of the first straight section (101, 103) of the tube 100 _l Forming an angle phi. However, preferably, the normal N to the first primary surface 511 ₅₁₁ Substantially aligned with the longitudinal direction d of the first straight portion (101, 103) of the tube 100 _l And are parallel. More specifically, in one embodiment, [ i ]]Surface normal N ₅₁₁ And a longitudinal direction d _l Parallel, or [ ii]Surface normal N ₅₁₁ And a longitudinal direction d _l Forming an angle phi, wherein the angle phi is smaller than 45 degrees, such as smaller than 30 degrees or smaller than 15 degrees, preferably smaller than 5 degrees. The small angle makes it easierThe coupling members 530 are assembled.

As shown in fig. 2b, preferably, the heat exchanger 10 includes a first secondary coupling 540. The first primary bonding element 540 may be manufactured in a similar manner as the first primary bonding element 530. The first secondary bonding member 540 is also configured to bond at least the first primary straight-line portion 101 and the first secondary straight-line portion 103 together. In fig. 2b, the first secondary bonding member 540 also bonds the first tertiary straight-line portion 103 and the first quaternary straight-line portion 107 together.

When manufacturing such a heat exchanger 10, first heat transfer pipes 100 as described above and/or in detail below may be arranged. The tube 100 may be manufactured, for example, by bending, or the tube 100 may be, for example, purchased. The first primary coupler portion 510 and the first secondary coupler portion 520 may be cut from the sheet 500, as shown in fig. 12. The plate 500 has a thickness t _p . Thickness t _p Is oriented along the thickness t of the plate 500 _p Direction d of _tp Oriented as shown in fig. 12. The cut lines are shown in grey in figure 12. When cut by wire, a first primary bonding element portion 510 and a first secondary bonding element portion 520 are formed. These parts are shown in fig. 12. As described above, the cut line may be at the thickness t of the panel 500 _p Extend through the plate 500, or the cut lines may be arranged with respect to the thickness t _p Is angled. Naturally, it is possible to cut the first primary coupler portion 510 from the plate 500, and the first secondary coupler portion 520 from another plate.

Initially, the plate 500 has a main surface 501 having a thickness direction d parallel to the plate 500 _tp Surface normal of (1). Typically, the major surface 501 of the plate 500 is planar. In addition, the surface generally opposite major surface 501 is also planar. Since the bonding member 530 is required to have sufficient mechanical strength, the first primary bonding member portion 510 is cut from the plate 500 so that a part of the main surface 501 forms the first primary surface 511 or the first secondary surface 512. At least a portion of first tertiary surface 513 is formed by the cutting. In one embodiment, the resulting first tertiary surface faces the thickness direction d of the plate 500 _tp A vertical or substantially vertical direction. The term "radicalThe present perpendicular may refer to an angle of more than 45 degrees (up to 90 degrees and), for example more than 60 degrees or more than 75 degrees, preferably more than 85 degrees; in line with the angle phi described above. At the same time as at least a part of the first tertiary surface 513 is formed, the first primary holes 514 and the first secondary holes 515 are also formed by cutting. As a result, the method includes forming a first primary aperture 514 configured to receive a portion of the first primary linear portion 101 of the first heat transfer pipe 100. The shape of the hole 514 is adapted to the surface of the portion 101 as described above. Further, the method includes forming a first secondary orifice 515 configured to receive a portion of the first secondary linear portion 103 of the first heat transfer pipe 100. The shape of the aperture 515 is adapted to the surface of the portion 103 as described above.

The first secondary coupler portion 520 is cut from the plate 500 (or second plate) in a similar manner. The first secondary bonding portion 520 is cut from the sheet 500 such that a portion of the major surface 501 (or a major surface of a second sheet) forms a second primary surface 521 or a second secondary surface 522. Further, at least a portion of the second tertiary surface 523 is formed by the cutting. In one embodiment, the resulting second tertiary surface faces in the thickness direction d of the plate 500 or second plate _tp A vertical or substantially vertical direction. The term "substantially perpendicular" may refer to an angle (of at most 90 degrees and) of more than 45 degrees, such as more than 60 degrees or more than 75 degrees, preferably more than 85 degrees; in line with the angle phi described above. The second primary apertures 524 and the second secondary apertures 525 are also formed by cutting while forming at least a portion of the second tertiary surface 523. As a result, the method includes forming a second primary aperture 524 configured to receive a portion of the first primary straight section 101 of the first heat transfer pipe 100. The shape of the aperture 524 is adapted to the surface of the portion 101 as described above. Further, the method includes forming a second secondary aperture 525 configured to receive a portion of the first secondary linear portion 103 of the first heat transfer pipe 100. The shape of the aperture 525 is adapted to the surface of the portion 103 as described above.

After the formation of said

holes

514, 515, 524, 525, parts of the

straight portions

101, 103 are arranged in the holes, as shown in fig. 3b. Thus, at oneIn an embodiment, the tube 100 and the

portions

510, 520 are arranged in the following manner: thickness direction and longitudinal direction d of the first primary coupler portion 510 _l Parallel or forming the angle phi mentioned above. Further, the thickness direction and the longitudinal direction d of the first secondary coupling part 520 _l Parallel or form an angle, e.g., less than 45 degrees, consistent with that indicated by angle. As shown in FIG. 12, during cutting, the thickness direction of the first primary bonding element portion 510 is parallel to the direction d of the board 500 _tp . Further, during the cutting, the thickness direction of the first secondary bonding part 520 is parallel to the direction d of the plate 500 of the second plate _tp 。

Thereafter, the first primary bonding element portion 510 is welded to the first secondary bonding element portion 520 to form a first primary bonding element 530. The first primary coupler 530 couples at least the straight portions (101, 103) of the first heat exchanger tube 100 together. The first secondary bond 540 may be manufactured in a similar manner.

The board 500 may be cut by using a laser. Additionally or alternatively, the plate 500 may be cut using a fluid jet (e.g., a liquid jet or a gas jet). The effect of the fluid jet can be improved by using abrasive particles such as sand. Cutting using a fluid jet can have the effect of: tertiary surface 513 is not perpendicular to first surface 511.

Preferably, plate 500 comprises a solderable metal having a melting point of at least 1000 ℃. These metals are generally mechanically strong. Suitable examples of such metals include steel, such as austenitic steel. In the heat exchanger 10, the

coupler portions

510, 520 comprise materials as discussed for the plate 500.

In order to have sufficient mechanical stability, the thickness t of the plate is preferably thick _p Is 15mm to 40mm. Correspondingly and with reference to fig. 5a, in an embodiment of the heat exchanger 10, the first primary bonding portion 510 is at a normal N of the first primary surface 511 ₅₁₁ Has a first primary thickness t in the direction of _l1 Wherein the first primary thickness t _l1 From 15mm to 40mm. When the first primary bonding element portion 510 is made of the sheet 500, the first primary thickness t _l1 Is constant. Further, the first-stage engaging member portionAt the normal N of the second primary surface 521 at 520 ₅₂₁ Has a second primary thickness t in the direction of _l2 Wherein the second primary thickness t _l2 Is 15mm to 40mm. When the first secondary bonding element portion 520 is made of the plate 500 or another plate, the second primary thickness t _l2 Is constant. When the

bonding element portions

510, 520 are made from the same sheet 500, the first primary thickness t _l1 Equal to the second primary thickness t _l2 . However, as described above, the

portions

510, 520 need not be made from the same plate 500.

Mechanical stability can also be affected by the selection of the thickness and other dimensions of the

coupler portions

510, 520. However, if the

joint parts

510, 520 are large, different portions of the heat transfer pipe must be arranged away from each other, and thus, the size of the heat exchanger 10 increases. Generally, the ratio of the surface area of the

heat transfer tubes

100, 200, 300, 100b, 200b to the volume of the heat exchanger 10 is maximized for good heat recovery. From these considerations, it has been found that the above thicknesses are particularly suitable, in particular when the coupling 530 comprises steel.

As for the other dimensions of the

joint parts

510, 520, they should also be reasonably large to have a mechanical support function and reasonably small for a compact heat exchanger. In particular, in some applications, one or more couplings 530 and/or 540 are used to mechanically support one or

more pipes

100, 200, 300, 400 from below and resist the weight of the one or more pipes. Therefore, thin (e.g. plate-like) bonding elements do not provide sufficient support. However, if one or

more couplers

530, 540 are used to hang the pipe, one or more thinner couplers may be sufficient. Thus, and with reference to FIG. 5, in a preferred embodiment, between the first primary aperture 514 and the first secondary aperture 515, the first primary bonding portion 510 is at a normal N perpendicular to the first primary surface 511 ₅₁₁ Has a first secondary thickness t in the direction of _t1 And forms a minimum angle with the normal N of the first plane P. It should be noted that all directions of the first primary surface 511 are perpendicular to the normal N ₅₁₁ . Furthermore, each of the directions of the first primary surface 511 forms an angle (optionally zero degrees) with the normal N of the first plane P. Due to the fact thatHere, only one direction of the first primary surface 511 forms a minimum angle (optionally zero degrees) with the normal N of the first plane P. The direction of the thickness is illustrated in fig. 4b and 5 a.

First secondary thickness t _t1 Need not be constant but may depend, for example, on the level (e.g., height) of the measured thickness; such as shown in fig. 3 c. From the point of view of mechanical support, the first secondary thickness t _t1 Minimum value t of _t1,min (i.e., minimum first secondary thickness t) _t1,min ) The supporting capability of the coupling 530 can be determined. Thus, in one embodiment, the minimum first secondary thickness t _t1,min From 10mm to 50mm, preferably from 15mm to 50mm. First secondary thickness t _t1 May depend on the location, as shown in fig. 3 c. Thus, in one embodiment, between the first primary aperture 514 and the first secondary aperture 515, the first primary bonding element portion 510 only has a first secondary thickness t from 10mm to 50mm _t1 . In other words, the first secondary thickness t _t1 Maximum value t of _t1,max May be at most 50mm. This helps to keep manufacturing costs at a reasonable level and the heat exchanger is relatively (fairly) small.

In a similar manner, in the preferred embodiment, the first secondary engagement portion 520 is between the second primary aperture 524 and the second secondary aperture 525 at a normal N to the second primary surface 521 ₅₂₁ Having a second secondary thickness t in a direction perpendicular to and forming a minimum angle with the normal N of the first plane P _t2 . Second secondary thickness t _t2 Having a minimum value (minimum second secondary thickness) t _t2,min And maximum value t _t2,max . In one embodiment, the minimum second secondary thickness t _t2,min From 10mm to 50mm, preferably from 15mm to 50mm. Second secondary thickness t _t2 May depend on the location. Thus, in one embodiment, between the second primary aperture 524 and the second secondary aperture 525, the first secondary coupling portion 520 only has a secondary thickness t from 10mm to 50mm _t2 . In other words, the maximum value t of the second secondary thickness _t2,max May be at most 50mm.

Whether the

binder portions

510, 520 are made from the same plate 500Or made of a different plate, a second thickness (t) _t1 ，t _t2 ) May be different from each other. Preferably, however, the second primary thickness t _t1 At least locally, i.e. at a certain position (e.g. horizontal height in the Sz-direction, see fig. 3 c), is equal to the second secondary thickness t _t2 . This prevents the

coupling members

530, 540 from warping in use; or at least reduce the tendency to warp in hot environments.

The

coupler portions

510, 520 are most preferably welded together as shown in fig. 3a, 3b, 3c, 4a, 4b, 5a and 6 a. Preferably, the heat exchanger 10 comprises a first welded joint 531 joining the second tertiary surface 523 to the first primary surface 511 (see fig. 4 a) or the first secondary surface 512 (see fig. 3 a). Preferably, the heat exchanger 10 comprises a second welded joint 532 joining the first tertiary surface 513 to the second secondary surface 522 (see fig. 4 a) or the second primary surface 521 (see fig. 3 a). The weld joints 531, 532 are evidence of welding. Accordingly, one embodiment of the method includes welding second tertiary surface 523 to first primary surface 511 or first secondary surface 512. Further, one embodiment of the method includes welding the first tertiary surface 513 to the second secondary surface 522 or the second primary surface 521. It has been found that welding in this manner also prevents the

bonding members

In order to have a sufficiently strong joint between the

coupler portions

510, 520, the weld joints 531, 532 should be sufficiently long. Thus, referring to fig. 3c, in one embodiment, the first weld joint 531 is in the direction d _ext Extend in a first plane P and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction d _l In the direction of (a). In one embodiment, the first weld joint 531 extends between the first primary straight portion 101 and the first secondary straight portion 103. Preferably, the first weld joint 531 extends in this direction, and optionally also at least 5cm in the above-mentioned position. In a similar manner, in one embodiment, second weld joint 532 is along d _ext The direction is extended. In one embodiment, the second weld joint 532 is between the first primary linear portion 101 and the first secondary linear portionExtending between the straight portions 103. Preferably, the second weld joint 532 extends in this direction and optionally also at least 5cm in the above-mentioned position. In a preferred embodiment, the weld joints 531, 532 do not extend completely to either of the

linear portions

101, 103 of the tube 100. Accordingly, it is preferred to leave a distance of at least 1mm between the first weld joint 531 and the two

straight portions

101, 103 and a distance of at least 1mm between the second weld joint 532 and the two

straight portions

101, 103. This has the following effect: welding the

bonding element portions

510, 520 together does not affect the mechanical properties of the heat transfer tube 100, particularly the ability to withstand high pressures.

As described above, such welding reduces warping of the coupling. In addition to the size of the bonding element portion and the type of weld, the tendency to warp can be affected by the relative positioning of the first and second primary

bonding element portions

510 and 520. Referring to FIG. 5a, the first primary bonding element 530 is along a normal N to the first primary surface 511 ₅₁₁ Length l in the direction of _tot From a first primary thickness t _l1 A second primary thickness t _l2 And an overlap distance d _o And (5) limiting. Mathematically: l _tot ＝t _l1 +t _l2 -d _o . Typically, the normal N of the

primary surfaces

511, 521 ₅₁₁ And N ₅₁₂ Is unidirectional.

When there is at least partial overlap, as shown in fig. 5a and 5b, a portion of first tertiary surface 513 faces a portion of second tertiary surface 523. If there is a complete overlap, as shown in FIG. 5b, then the overlap distance d _o Will be equal to l _tot . In this case, the surfaces will not be welded to each other. Instead, in this case, for example, surface 512 would be welded to surface 522, and surface 511 would be welded to surface 521 (see FIG. 4 a). However, such welding would be difficult to perform in a reliable manner. Thus, at least the risk of warping increases. Also, it has been found that if welded in this manner, warping of the bonding member 530 occurs. Warping of the coupling 530 in use may be a result of thermal expansion of the

coupling portions

510, 520 and one or more of the

tubes

100, 200, 300, 400.

If there is no overlap, as shown in FIG. 5c, the distance d of the overlap is _o Will be zero, and accordingly, the thickness l of the coupling 530 _tot Will be the sum of the thicknesses of its parts. Also, as shown in FIG. 5c, a portion of first tertiary surface 513 does not even face a portion of second tertiary surface 523. In this case, the surfaces will be welded to each other. This solution is easy to manufacture, one shown in fig. 5 a. However, it has been found that warping of the joint is minimized by partial overlap (fig. 5 a), and complete overlap is worst (fig. 5 b). Therefore, preferably, the overlap distance d _o Is not zero. In other words, preferably, the first primary bonding element 530 is in the longitudinal direction d _l Total thickness t of _tot Less than the thickness t of the first

joint part

510, 520 _l1 ，t _l2 Normal N at the first primary surface 511 ₅₁₁ Is of direction t _l1 +t _l2 . Preferably, the overlap distance d _o Is the thickness t of the

coupler portion

510, 520 _l1 And t _l2 10% to 90% of the smaller. More preferably, the overlap distance d _o Is the thickness t of the

bonding member portions

510, 520 _l1 And t _l2 25% to 75%, e.g., 33% to 66%, of the smaller.

As described above, movement of

tube portions

101, 103 relative to coupling 530 is primarily reduced by

mating tube portions

101, 103 to

apertures

533, 534 formed by

holes

514, 515, 524, 525. And secondly, by providing stops on some surfaces of the tube portion, this movement can be further reduced. For this reason, as shown with reference to fig. 6a to 6c, in one embodiment the first primary rectilinear portion 101 of the pipe 100 is equipped with a first primary stop 131 and a first secondary stop 132. As shown in fig. 6a for the tube portion 101, at least a portion of the first primary coupler 530 is between the first primary stop 131 and the first secondary stop 132. Thus, the

stoppers

131, 132 prevent the tube part 101 from moving relative to the coupling part 530; at least when the

stops

131, 132 are arranged such that the first primary stop 131 contacts the first primary coupler 530 and/or the first secondary stop 132 contacts the first primary coupler 530. In a similar manner, the first secondary straight-line portion 103 may be locked to the joint 530. Thus, in one embodiment, the first secondary linear portion 103 of the tube 100 is equipped with a second primary stop 133 and a second secondary stop 134, as shown in fig. 6b and 6 c. At least a portion of the first primary coupler 530 is between the second primary stop 133 and the second secondary stop 134. However, all straight sections of the one or more tubes need not be equipped with stops. Therefore, for example, the first secondary linear portion 103 does not need to be locked to the joint 530 by the

stoppers

133, 134. In the case where the heat exchanger includes the second heat transfer pipe 200, at least one of the straight portions thereof may be equipped with a stopper (not shown).

Referring to fig. 3c, the first primary coupler portion 510 has a first quaternary surface 514 that forms an angle with the first primary surface 511. The angle may be, but need not be, straight. The first quaternary surface 514 also forms an angle with the first tertiary surface 513. The angle may be, but need not be, straight. The first quaternary surface 514 may be planar. The first quaternary surface 514 also faces away from the first heat transfer pipe 100. In a similar manner, the first secondary coupling portion 520 has a second quaternary surface 524 that forms an angle with the second primary surface 521 and the second tertiary surface 523 and faces away from the first heat transfer pipe 100. In one embodiment, the

quaternary surfaces

514 and 524 are not welded together. This has the following effect: when bridges 551, 552 (see fig. 11 c) are used to connect two different couplers together, the coupler 530 can be more easily fixed to the

bridges

551, 552 from the end of the coupler 530 when one end of the coupler portion 530 has no weld joint. For example, the

bridges

551, 552 may be equipped with holes configured to receive the couplers 530, particularly the four-

stage surfaces

514, 524.

Referring to fig. 2b and 3b, in one embodiment, the first heat transfer pipe 100 includes one or more other straight sections (105, 107), including, for example, a first tertiary straight section 105. In one embodiment, the first primary straight-line portion 101, the first secondary straight-line portion 103 and the other straight-line portions (105, 107) are arranged along the longitudinal direction d _l Extending in parallel in a first plane P. Preference is given toThe tube 100 is designed such that both the distributor head 142 and the collector head 144 are on the same side of the heat exchanger 10, e.g., the same side of the tube (100, 200, 300, 400), as shown in fig. 11 b. Referring to FIG. 3b, in this case, the first tertiary surface 513 of the first primary bonding element portion 510 is provided with one or more

further holes

516, 517 in the longitudinal direction d _l Extends through the first primary bonding element portion 510. In addition, one or more portions of the other

linear portions

105, 107 are disposed in one or more

other apertures

516, 517 of the first primary binder portion 510. In a similar manner, the second tertiary surface 523 of the first secondary coupling part 520 is provided with one or more

further apertures

526, 527 arranged in the longitudinal direction d _l Extending through the first secondary coupler portion 520. Further, one or more portions of one or more other

linear portions

105, 107 are disposed in one or more

other holes

526, 527 of the first secondary coupling portion 520. The other apertures form other apertures, for example, in the manner discussed for the first primary aperture 533, and the straight portion of one of the other straight portions (105, 107) extends through one of these other apertures.

However, it may be possible to use more than one heat transfer tube side-by-side in the following manner: the same coupling 530 is used to couple more than one heat transfer pipe. Referring to fig. 8a, in one embodiment, the heat exchanger 10 includes a second heat transfer tube 200. The second heat transfer pipe 200 includes a second primary straight portion 201, a second primary curved portion 202, and a second secondary straight portion 203. Also, the second

straight portions

201, 203 extend parallel to each other and in the first plane P in which the first

straight portions

101, 103 also extend. Furthermore, the second

straight portions

201, 203 are in the longitudinal direction d _l And extends in parallel with the first

straight portions

101, 103. Referring to fig. 8b, when using such a

pipe

100, 200, the first tertiary surface 513 of the first primary bonding element portion 510 is provided with two or more

further holes

516, 517 in the longitudinal direction d _l Extends through the first primary bonding element portion 510. Furthermore, a portion of the second primary linear portion 201 is arranged in one (516) of the

other holes

516, 517, and the second secondaryA portion of the straight portion 203 is disposed in the other (517) of the

other holes

further apertures

526, 527 arranged in the longitudinal direction d _l Extending through the first secondary coupler portion 520. Further, a part of the second primary straight-line portion 201 is arranged in one (526) of the

other holes

526, 527, and a part of the second secondary straight-line portion 203 is arranged in the other (527) of the

other holes

526, 527 of the first secondary coupling portion 520. The

other holes

516, 517, 526, 527 are adapted to the surface of the second heat transfer pipe 200, as described in detail in connection with the

holes

514, 515, 524, 525 and the first heat transfer pipe. The other apertures form other apertures in a manner such as discussed with respect to the first primary aperture 533. Straight portions of the other tubes 200 extend through these other apertures.

Referring to fig. 9a and 9b, it is possible to couple even more heat transfer pipes with one coupler 530. Accordingly, in one embodiment, the heat exchanger 10 includes the first heat transfer pipe 100 and the second heat transfer pipe 200 as described above, and further includes the third heat transfer pipe 300. The third heat transfer pipe 300 includes a third primary straight portion 301, a third primary curved portion 302, and a third secondary straight portion 303. The third

straight portions

301, 303 extend parallel to each other and in the first plane P, in which the first and second

straight portions

101, 103, 201, 203 also extend. Further, the third

straight line portions

301, 303 are in the longitudinal direction d _l And extends in parallel with the first and second

straight portions

101, 103, 201, 203. The coupling 530 may be used to couple the

linear portions

101, 201, 301, 103, 203, 303 of the three

tubes

100, 200, 300 in the manner discussed above for one or two tubes.

Referring to fig. 9b, in one embodiment, the heat exchanger 10 includes the first heat transfer pipe 100, the second heat transfer pipe 200, and the third heat transfer pipe 300 as described above, and further includes a fourth heat transfer pipe 400. The fourth heat transfer pipe 400 includes: a fourth primary straight section 401, a fourth primary curved section 402, and a fourth secondary straight section 403. The fourth

straight portions

401, 403 are also parallel to each otherExtending and extending in the first plane P, the first

straight portions

101, 103, the second

straight portions

201, 203 and the third

straight portions

301, 303 also extend in the first plane. Further, the fourth

straight portion

401, 403 is in the longitudinal direction d _l And extends in parallel with the first

straight sections

101, 103, the second

straight sections

201, 203 and the third

straight sections

301, 303. The coupling 530 may be used to couple the

linear portions

101, 201, 301, 401, 103, 203, 303, 403 of the four

tubes

100, 200, 300, 400 in the manner discussed above for one or two tubes.

Number N of heat transfer tubes with straight portions extending in plane P _tube May be one (as shown in fig. 2 a), two (as shown in fig. 8 a), three (as shown in fig. 9 a), four (as shown in fig. 9 b), five (not shown), six (not shown), or more than six (not shown). Preferably, the number N of such heat transfer tubes _tube At least two, at least three, three or four. Preferably, such a number of tubes and their bent portions are used that the

tertiary surfaces

513, 523 of each of the

joint portions

510, 520 are provided with 8 to 24 holes, for example, 12 to 18 holes, and a part of the straight portion of the heat transfer pipe is disposed in each hole. It is also preferable that the

tertiary surfaces

513, 523 of each of the

bonding element portions

510, 520 are provided with an even number (i.e., an integral multiple of two) of holes, and a part of the straight portion of the heat transfer pipe is provided in each hole.

Referring now to fig. 7a, the first primary straight section 101 of the first heat transfer pipe 100 may include a first primary straight section 111 of the first inner heat transfer pipe 110 and a first primary straight section 121 of the first outer refractory 120. Alternatively, the first primary straight section 101 may include some insulation 140 between the inner heat transfer pipe 110 and the outer refractory 120. Referring to fig. 7b, the first primary bent portion 102 of the first heat transfer pipe 100 may also be a first primary bent portion 122 that includes the first primary bent portion 112 of the first inner heat transfer pipe 110 and the first outer refractory 120. Alternatively, the first primary bent portion 101 may include some insulating material 140 between the inner heat transfer pipe 110 and the outer refractory 120. This has the beneficial effect disclosed in the prior art publication US9,371,987. In a similar manner, any or all of the second heat transfer tube 200, the third heat transfer tube 300, and the fourth heat transfer tube 400 may include an inner tube and an outer refractory material.

Having an outer refractory 120 has further benefits: in use, the outer surface of the refractory material 120 is at a temperature much higher than that of the heat transfer tube 100 if it is formed of a conventional heat transfer tube. Also, the temperature of the first primary bonding element 530 is high in use. Thus, having an outer refractory material reduces the temperature differential between the coupling 530 and the outer surface of the pipe 100 in use. This also improves the fit of the coupling 530 and the tube 100 in use. Also, this reduces warping of the coupling 530 in use.

The heat exchanger 10 generally includes a first heat transfer pipe arrangement including first heat transfer pipes 100 (and optionally second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth

heat transfer pipes

200, 300, 400) extending in the same plane P; a first primary coupling 530 and optionally a first secondary coupling 540 couple the tubes together. Referring to fig. 10, 11b, and 11c, the heat exchanger 10 generally includes a second arrangement of heat transfer tubes including at least a secondary first heat transfer tube 100b extending in a second plane P' that is parallel to the first plane P. The second heat transfer pipe arrangement may also include a secondary second heat transfer pipe 200b extending in the second plane P ', optionally also a secondary third heat transfer pipe 300b extending in the second plane P ', and optionally also a secondary fourth heat transfer pipe 400b extending in the second plane P ' (and also optionally also secondary fifth and secondary sixth heat transfer pipes). Referring to fig. 10 and 11c, tubes of the second heat transfer tube arrangement may be joined using the second primary couplers 530 b; and optionally may also be engaged using a second secondary engagement member 540 b. As shown in fig. 10, the secondary first heat transfer pipe 100b includes

straight line portions

101b, 103b similar to the first heat transfer pipe 100. In a similar manner, the secondary second heat transfer pipe 200b includes

straight portions

201b, 203b, the secondary third heat transfer pipe 300b includes straight portions 301b, 303b, and the secondary fourth heat transfer pipe 400b includes

straight portions

401b, 403b. In a similar manner, a third arrangement of heat transfer tubes may be joined using a third primary binder 530c (see FIG. 11 c).

The second heat transfer pipe arrangement (100 b, 200b, 300b, 400 b) is supported by the second primary couplers 530b in the same manner as the first heat transfer pipe arrangement (100, 200, 300, 400) is supported by the first primary couplers 530. Thus, in one embodiment, the heat exchanger 10 comprises a second primary coupler 530b configured to support at least two other straight portions (101 b, 103b, 201b, 203b, 301b, 303b, 401b, 403 b) of at least one other heat transfer pipe (100 b, 200b, 300b, 400 b), i.e. a secondary heat transfer pipe. In addition, at least two other straight portions of the one or more secondary heat transfer tubes (100 b, 200b, 300b, 400 b) extend parallel to each other in the second plane P'. The second plane P' is parallel to the first plane P. Furthermore, the second plane P' is arranged at a distance from the first plane P.

Referring to fig. 11c, in one embodiment, the first primary bond 530 is connected to the second primary bond 530b by a first bridge 551. In the embodiment of fig. 11c, one end of the first primary coupler 530 is fixed to the first bridge 551, and one end of the second primary coupler 530b is fixed to the first bridge 551. Further, all the

heat transfer pipes

100, 200, 100b, 200b of the heat exchanger 10 are arranged on the same side of the first bridge 551. For example, in fig. 11c, all the heat transfer pipes are arranged above the first bridge 551. Further, the embodiment of fig. 11c comprises a second bridge 552. The other end of the first primary coupler 530 is fixed to the second bridge 552, and the other end of the second primary coupler 530b is fixed to the second bridge 552. Further, all the

heat transfer pipes

100, 200, 100b, 200b of the heat exchanger 10 are arranged between the first bridge 551 and the second bridge 552. The purpose of the

bridges

551, 552 is to join the

primary bonds

530, 530b together. The

bridges

551, 552 provide mechanical support for the

tubes

100, 200, 100b, 200b in the direction of the normal N of the first plane P; in use, the direction may be horizontal. The

coupler portions

530, 530b provide mechanical support for the

tubes

100, 200, 100b, 200b in another direction, which may be vertical in use.

Referring to FIG. 11c, in one implementationIn the examples, at least in [ i]Two straight sections of pipe separated by a curved section of pipe or [ ii]At least one point between two straight portions of different pipes, in the direction of the first plane P, the second primary coupler 530b contacts the first primary coupler 530 to form a mechanical lock 537 between the first primary coupler 530 and the second primary coupler 530b. This helps to lock the tubes to each other in the direction of the normal N of the first plane P and in the central part of the heat exchanger. This is especially feasible in the case of modular heat exchangers. In the mechanical lock 537, the surface of the first primary coupler 530 facing away from the first heat transfer pipe 100 in the direction of the normal N of the first plane P contacts the surface of the second primary coupler 530b facing away from the secondary first heat transfer pipe 100b in the direction of the normal of the second plane P'. In some tube configurations, the mechanical lock 537 may be made with a central bridge element 553. The central bridge element 553 may be fixed to the first and second primary couplers 530 a and 530b. The mechanical lock 537 is made at a point along the first plane P perpendicular to the longitudinal direction d _l In the direction of (i.e. direction d of fig. 3 c) _ext ) Is located in [ i]Between two straight portions of the tube separated by a curved portion of the tube or [ ii]Between two straight portions of different tubes.

Further, it is preferable that there is a gap 538 (i.e., distance) between the second primary coupler 530b and the first primary coupler 530 in some regions, as indicated by reference numeral 538 in fig. 11 c. As shown in fig. 11c, such a gap 538 is between the second primary coupling 530b and the first primary coupling 530 in the direction of the normal N of the first plane P.

The heat exchanger 100 does not need to comprise the first bridge 551, since the central bridge element 553 (i.e. the first central bridge element) may be used for the purpose of joining the

couplers

530, 530b together near one end of the couplers. The heat exchanger 100 does not need to comprise the second bridge 552, since the central bridge element 553 (i.e. the second central bridge element) may be used for the purpose of joining the

coupling members

530, 530b together near the other end of the coupling members. Preferably, however, elements (bridges and/or central bridging elements) are used to connect the

couplers

530, 530b together.

Referring to fig. 10, it is beneficial from a modular standpoint for the heat exchanger 10 to have a generally rectangular shape. More precisely, in one embodiment, the heat exchanger 10 comprises a dispenser head 142 and a collector head 144, such that the dispenser head 142 is along the first direction d _feed And (4) extending. From a modularity point of view, the normal N of the first plane P is parallel to the first direction d _feed Or with the first direction d _feed It is beneficial to form the angle alpha at most 60 degrees. It is also preferred that the first plane P is substantially vertical in use. Thus, in one embodiment, the normal N to the first plane P is configured to be horizontal in use, so as to be parallel to the horizontal direction S in use _h Forming an angle beta of at most 45 degrees. At least in this case, the heat exchanger forms a modular assembly which can be inserted into the space V and removed from the space V through an opening in the wall 51. This process is described in more detail in International patent application PCT/FI 2016/050760.

Preferably, the heat exchanger 10 is used as a fluidized bed heat exchanger 10 in a circulating fluidized bed boiler. More preferably, the fluidized bed heat exchanger 10 is used in a return feed device 5 of a circulating fluidized bed boiler. Thus, in one embodiment, the fluidized bed boiler 1 comprises means 40 for separating bed material from flue gas. Referring to fig. 1a, in an embodiment, the fluidized bed boiler 1 comprises a cyclone 40 for separating bed material from flue gas. The fluidized bed boiler comprises a return device 5 configured to receive bed material from a device 40 for separating bed material from flue gas, e.g. from a cyclone. Furthermore, at least a part of the fluidized bed heat exchanger 10 is arranged in the return device 5. For example, referring to fig. 2b, 7b and 8, the dispenser head 142 and the collector head 144 may be arranged outside the return device. However, as described above, at least a majority of the heat transfer tubes (100, 200) or heat transfer tubes (110, 120, 210, 220) are arranged in the return device. For example, in one embodiment, as described above, at least 90% (as measured longitudinally) of the heat transfer tubes (100, 200) or heat transfer tubes (110, 120, 210, 220) of the fluidized bed heat exchanger 10 are disposed in the return device 5.

Claims

1. A heat exchanger (10) comprising:

-a first heat transfer pipe (100) having a first primary straight section (101), a first primary curved section (102) and a first secondary straight section (103), the first primary straight section (101) and the first secondary straight section (103) being in a first plane (P) along a longitudinal direction (d) _l ) Extending in parallel with each other and extending in parallel,

-a first primary coupler portion (510) having

A first primary surface (511),

a first secondary surface (512) opposite to the first primary surface (511),

a first tertiary surface (513), at least a part of which faces in the direction of the normal (N) to the first plane (P), the first tertiary surface (513) extending from the first primary surface (511) to the first secondary surface (512) and connecting the first primary surface (511) and the first secondary surface (512),

on said first tertiary surface (513), both the first primary holes (514) and the first secondary holes (515) are in the longitudinal direction (d) _l ) Extending through said first primary coupling part (510), -a first secondary coupling part (520) having

A second primary surface (521),

a second secondary surface (522) opposite to the second primary surface (521),

-a second tertiary surface (523) at least a part of which faces in the direction of the normal (N) to the first plane (P), the second tertiary surface (523) extending from the second primary surface (521) to the second secondary surface (522) and connecting the second primary surface (521) and the second secondary surface (522),

on said second tertiary surface (523), a second primary hole (524) and a second secondary hole (525) both in the longitudinal direction (d) _l ) Extends through the first secondary bond portion (520), wherein

-said first primary bonding element portion (510) has been welded to said first secondary bonding element portion (520) to form a first primary bonding element (530) joining portions of said first heat transfer pipe (100), said first primary bonding element (530) defining

-a first primary aperture (533) formed by the first primary hole (514) and the second primary hole (524), wherein the first primary rectilinear portion (101) is along the longitudinal direction (d) _l ) Extends through the first primary bond (530) via the first primary aperture (533), and

a first secondary aperture (534) formed by the first secondary hole (515) and the second secondary hole (525), wherein the first secondary rectilinear portion (103) extends through the first primary coupling (530) via the first secondary aperture (534), wherein

-the shape of the first primary aperture (533) is adapted to the shape of the outer surface of the first primary rectilinear portion (101), and

-the shape of the first secondary orifice (534) is adapted to the shape of the outer surface of the first secondary rectilinear portion (103),

characterized in that said heat exchanger (10) comprises

-a first weld joint (531) joining the second tertiary surface (523) to the first primary surface (511) or the first secondary surface (512), and

-a second weld joint (532) joining the first tertiary surface (513) to the second secondary surface (522) or the second primary surface (521), respectively.

2. The heat exchanger (10) of claim 1, wherein

-between the first primary hole (514) and the first secondary hole (515), the first primary bonding portion (510) is perpendicular to a normal (N) of the first primary surface (511) ₅₁₁ ) Has a smallest first secondary thickness (t) in the direction of _t1,min ) And forms a minimum angle with a normal (N) to said first plane (P), wherein

-said minimum first secondary thickness (t) _t1,min ) Is 10mm to 50mm, and

-at the second primary aperture (524) and the second secondary aperture(525) In a direction perpendicular to a normal (N) to the second primary surface (521), said first secondary coupling part (520) being arranged in a plane perpendicular to the normal (N) to the second primary surface (521) ₅₂₁ ) Has a minimum second secondary thickness (t) in the direction of (A) _t2,min ) And forms a minimum angle with a normal (N) to said first plane (P), wherein

-said minimum second secondary thickness (t) _t2,min ) Is 10mm to 50mm.

3. The heat exchanger (10) of claim 2, wherein

-said minimum first secondary thickness (t) _t1,min ) Equal to said minimum second secondary thickness (t) _t2,min )。

4. The heat exchanger (10) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein

-a portion of the first tertiary surface (513) faces a portion of the second tertiary surface (523).

5. The heat exchanger (10) of claim 4, wherein

-said first primary bonding element (530) is normal (N) to said first primary surface (511) ₅₁₁ ) Total thickness (t) in the direction of (1) _tot ) Smaller than a normal (N) to said first primary coupling portion (510) and said first secondary coupling portion (520) at said first primary surface (511) ₅₁₁ ) Thickness (t) in the direction of (1) _l1 、t _l2 ) Sum of (t) _l1 +t _l2 )。

6. The heat exchanger (10) of claim 4, wherein

-said first welded joint (531) is along a plane (P) within said first plane and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (d) _l ) Direction (d) of _ext ) Extending between said first primary rectilinear portion (101) and said first secondary rectilinear portion (103), and

-said second welding joint (532) is along a line within said first plane (P) and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (d) _l ) Direction (d) of (c) _ext ) In the first primary straight line section(101) And the first secondary straight-line portion (103).

7. The heat exchanger (10) of claim 6, wherein

-leaving a distance of at least 1mm between the first welding joint (531) and both the first primary rectilinear portion (101) and the first secondary rectilinear portion (103), and

-leaving a distance of at least 1mm between the second welding joint (532) and both the first primary rectilinear portion (101) and the first secondary rectilinear portion (103).

8. The heat exchanger (10) of claim 7, wherein

-said first welded joint (531) and said second welded joint (532) are along said direction (d) _ext ) -extends at least 5cm between said first primary rectilinear portion (101) and said first secondary rectilinear portion (103).

9. The heat exchanger (10) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein

-said first primary coupling part (510) is at a normal (N) to said first primary surface (511) ₅₁₁ ) Has a first primary thickness (t) in the direction of _l1 ) Said first primary thickness (t) _l1 ) Is from 15mm to 40mm, and

-said first secondary coupling part (520) is at a normal (N) to said second primary surface (521) ₅₂₁ ) Has a second primary thickness (t) in the direction of _l2 ) Said second primary thickness (t) _l2 ) Is 15mm to 40mm.

10. The heat exchanger (10) of claim 9, wherein

-said first primary thickness (t) _l1 ) Equal to the second primary thickness (t) _l2 )。

11. The heat exchanger according to claim 1 or 2, comprising

-a first primary stop (131) and a first secondary stop (132) on said first primary straight portion (101) so that at least a portion of said first primary coupling (530) is between said first primary stop (131) and said first secondary stop (132).

12. The heat exchanger (10) of claim 11, wherein

-said first primary stop (131) contacting said first primary coupler (530), and/or said first secondary stop (132) contacting said first primary coupler (530).

13. A heat exchanger according to claim 1 or 2, wherein

-the first heat transfer pipe (100) comprises one or more other rectilinear portions (105, 107), the first primary rectilinear portion (101) and the first secondary rectilinear portion (103) and other rectilinear portions (105, 107) being longitudinal (d) in the first plane (P) _l ) The two-dimensional light source device extends in parallel,

-said first primary bonding element portion (510) comprises on said first tertiary surface (513) in said longitudinal direction (d) _l ) One or more other holes (516, 517) extending through the first primary binder portion (510) such that one or more portions of the one or more other straight portions (105, 107) are disposed in one or more other holes (516, 517) of the first primary binder portion (510),

-said first secondary coupling part (520) comprises on said second tertiary surface (523) in said longitudinal direction (d) _l ) One or more further holes (526, 527) extending through the first secondary coupler portion (520) such that one or more portions of the one or more further linear portions (105, 107) are arranged in one or more further holes (526, 527) of the first secondary coupler portion (520).

14. The heat exchanger according to claim 1 or 2, comprising

-a second heat transfer pipe (200) having a second primary straight portion (201), a second primary bendA curved portion (202) and a second secondary rectilinear portion (203), said second primary rectilinear portion (201) and said second secondary rectilinear portion (203) being longitudinal (d) in said first plane (P) _l ) Extend in parallel, wherein

-said first primary coupler portion (510) comprises on said first tertiary surface (513) along said longitudinal direction (d) _l ) At least two other holes (516, 517) extending through the first primary binder portion (510) such that a portion of the second primary straight portion (201) and a portion of the second secondary straight portion (203) are arranged in the other holes (516, 517) of the first primary binder portion (510), and

-said first secondary bond portion (520) comprises on said second tertiary surface (523) along said longitudinal direction (d) _l ) At least two further holes (526, 527) extending through said first secondary linear portion (520) such that a portion of said second primary linear portion (201) and a portion of said second secondary linear portion (203) are arranged in further holes (516, 517) of said first secondary linear portion (520).

15. The heat exchanger (10) according to claim 1 or 2, comprising

-a first secondary bonding element (540) configured to bond together at least said first primary rectilinear portion (101) and said first secondary rectilinear portion (103).

16. The heat exchanger (10) of claim 15 wherein

-said first secondary coupling (540) and said first primary coupling (530) are arranged along said longitudinal direction (d) _l ) Leaving a distance (d) of at least 50cm _bond )。

17. The heat exchanger (10) according to claim 1 or 2, comprising

-a second primary bonding member (530 b) configured to support at least two other straight portions (101 b, 103b, 201b, 203 b) of one or more other heat transfer tubes (100 b, 200b, 300b, 400 b), wherein,

-two further rectilinear portions (101 b, 103b, 201b, 203 b) of said one or more further heat transfer tubes (100 b, 200b, 300b, 400 b) extend parallel to each other in a second plane (P ') and are arranged so as to be parallel to each other in a third plane (P') of the heat transfer tubes

-said second plane (P') is parallel to said first plane (P) and arranged at a distance from said first plane (P).

18. The heat exchanger (10) of claim 17 wherein

-said second primary coupling (530 b) is connected to said first primary coupling (530) by at least two of:

-a first bridge (551),

-a second bridge (552),

-a first central bridging element (553);

-a second central bridging element.

19. The heat exchanger (10) of claim 18 wherein

-a mechanical lock (537) along a line within the first plane (P) and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (d) _l ) Direction (d) of _ext ) And is arranged at a point situated between two rectilinear portions of at least one heat transfer pipe to provide mechanical support for one or more heat transfer pipes (100, 200, 100b, 200 b) in the direction of the normal (N) to said first plane (P).

20. The heat exchanger (10) of claim 19 wherein

-leaving a gap (538) at least at some point between said second primary bond (530 b) and the first primary bond (530).

21. A fluidized bed boiler (1) comprising:

-a furnace (50),

-a flue gas heat exchanger (26, 28) configured to recover heat from flue gas exiting the furnace (50),

-a wall (51) defining a space (V) into which a fluidized bed is configured to form in use of the fluidized bed boiler (1), an

-the heat exchanger (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 20,

-at least a part of the heat exchanger (10) is arranged in the space (V).

22. The fluidized bed boiler (1) according to claim 21, comprising:

-means (40) for separating bed material from flue gases, and

-a return device (5) configured to receive bed material from the means (40) for separating bed material from flue gas, wherein,

-at least a part of the heat exchanger (10) is arranged in the return device (5).

23. A method for manufacturing a heat exchanger (10), the method comprising

-arranging available

-a first heat transfer pipe (100) having a first primary rectilinear portion (101), a first primary curved portion (102) and a first secondary rectilinear portion (103), said first primary rectilinear portion (101) and said first secondary rectilinear portion (103) being longitudinal (d) in a first plane (P) _l ) Extend in parallel, and

-a plate (500) made of a material suitable for a bonding element (530) of a heat transfer tube (100, 200, 300, 400) of said heat exchanger (10), said plate (500) having a direction (d) _tp ) Thickness (t) of _p ) And a main surface (501) the normal of which is parallel to the thickness (t) _p ) Direction (d) of _tp )，

-cutting a first primary bonding element portion (510) from the sheet (500), the first primary bonding element portion having

A first primary surface (511) and an opposite first secondary surface (512) such that a portion of the main surface (501) forms the first primary surface (511) or the first secondary surface (512),

a first tertiary surface (513),

-on the first tertiary surface (513), a first primary hole (514) extending from the first primary surface (511) to the first secondary surface (512) through the first primary bonding portion (510), the first primary hole being configured to receive a portion of a first primary straight portion (101) of the first heat transfer pipe (100),

-on the first tertiary surface (513), a first secondary hole (515) extending from the first primary surface (511) to the first secondary surface (512) through the first primary bond portion (510), the first secondary hole being configured to receive a portion of a first secondary linear portion (103) of the first heat transfer pipe (100),

-cutting a first secondary bond portion (520) from the plate (500) or a second plate, the first secondary bond portion having

A second primary surface (521) and an opposite second secondary surface (522), such that a portion of the main surface (501) or of the main surface of the second plate forms the second primary surface (521) or the second secondary surface (522),

a second tertiary surface (523),

-on the second tertiary surface (523), a second primary hole (524) extending from the second primary surface (521) to the second secondary surface (522) through the first secondary coupling portion (520), the second primary hole being configured to receive a portion of the first primary linear portion (101) of the first heat transfer pipe (100),

-on the second tertiary surface (523), a second secondary hole (525) extending from the second primary surface (521) to the second secondary surface (522) through the first secondary coupling portion (520), the second secondary hole being configured to receive a portion of the first secondary linear portion (103) of the first heat transfer pipe (100),

-arranging a portion of a first primary straight section (101) of the first heat transfer pipe (100) into the first primary hole (514) such that an outer surface of the first primary straight section (101) is adapted to a surface of the first primary hole (514),

-arranging a portion of the first secondary straight section (103) of the first heat transfer pipe (100) into the second primary hole (524) such that an outer surface of the first primary straight section (101) is adapted to a surface of the second primary hole (524),

-arranging a portion of a first secondary straight section (103) of the first heat transfer pipe (100) into the first secondary hole (515),

-arranging a part of the first secondary straight section (103) of the first heat transfer pipe (100) into the second secondary hole (525), and

-welding the first primary bond portion (510) to the first secondary bond portion (520) to form a first primary bond (530) joining a first primary straight section (101) and a first secondary straight section (103) of the first heat transfer pipe (100),

it is characterized in that

-forming said first tertiary surface (513) by said cutting said first primary bonding portion (510) from said sheet (500),

-forming said second tertiary surface (523) by said cutting of said first secondary bond portion (520) from said plate (500) or second plate,

-welding the second tertiary surface (523) to the first primary surface (511) or the first secondary surface (512), and

-welding the first tertiary surface (513) to the second secondary surface (522) or the second primary surface (521).

24. The method of claim 23, wherein

-the plate (500) comprises metal.

25. The method of claim 23, wherein

-the plate (500) comprises steel.

26. The method of claim 23, wherein

-the plate (500) is austenitic steel.

27. The method of claim 23 or 24, wherein

-the thickness (t) of said plate _p ) Is 15mm to 40mm.

28. The method of claim 23 or 24, wherein

-cutting the plate (500) by using a laser or a fluid jet.

29. The method of claim 23 or 24, wherein

-cutting the plate (500) by using a laser or a water jet.

30. The method of claim 23 or 24, comprising

-welding the first primary bonding part (510) and the first secondary bonding part (520) such that a portion of the first tertiary surface (513) faces a portion of the second tertiary surface (523).