CN112134484A - Contact separation type friction nano generator utilizing deformation of friction material - Google Patents
Contact separation type friction nano generator utilizing deformation of friction material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a contact separation type friction nano generator utilizing friction material deformation, which comprises a bracket, a positive friction unit and a negative friction unit which are respectively fixed at two ends of the bracket, and a plurality of positive and negative deformation structures positioned between the positive and negative friction units; each friction unit comprises a liquid filling cavity, a conductive fluid filled in the liquid filling cavity and an electrode led out from the liquid filling cavity; a space is formed between the liquid filling cavities of the positive and negative friction units, a plurality of positive and negative deformation structures are arranged in the space in a staggered manner, one end of each positive and negative deformation structure is respectively communicated with the positive and negative liquid filling cavities, and the other end is a free end; when the liquid filling cavities of the positive and negative friction units deform under the action of external force, the shapes of the positive and negative deformation structures are respectively changed through the flowing of conductive fluid in the liquid filling cavities, so that the corresponding positive and negative deformation structures are in contact with each other and charge transfer occurs. The invention obviously increases the contact area between the friction layers so as to improve the output power.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a contact separation type friction nano generator utilizing deformation of an elastic friction material, in particular to a method for increasing the contact area between friction materials by utilizing the deformation of the elastic friction material under the action of external force so as to realize high-efficiency electric energy output.
Background
With the rapid development of microelectronic technology, 5G technology and material science, a large number of advanced distributed sensors are beginning to enter the visual field of people, bringing great changes to various industries including industry, transportation and medical treatment, and meanwhile, giving people a new look to their lives. Distributed sensors are typically distributed and require long periods of continuous operation. Conventional distributed sensors are often battery powered. However, the energy stored by the battery is relatively limited, and the distributed sensor cannot be supported to work for a long time; furthermore, the relatively large volume of the battery also limits the miniaturization of the distributed sensor; meanwhile, the problem that the battery needs to be charged also causes inconvenience in the use of the related device. Therefore, how to continuously power distributed sensors becomes a problem that plagues many researchers.
Among the various ways of supplying energy to distributed sensors, the use of a contact separation type friction nano-generator (TENG) for supplying power has significant advantages. Firstly, the contact separation type friction nano generator can efficiently collect low-frequency mechanical energy in nature and stably and continuously supply power to equipment in use; secondly, the contact separation type friction nano generator is simple in structure, low in manufacturing cost and beneficial to large-scale production; finally, the friction nanometer generator is easy to package and convenient and fast to use, and can play a role of a sensor to a certain extent to reflect pressure signals. However, the energy collection efficiency of the existing contact separation type friction nano generator is still low, and there is room for further improvement. Therefore, the exploration of the efficient contact separation type friction nano generator has great application value and practical significance.
In the existing contact separation type friction nano generator, a structure that a friction layer is directly driven to be in contact separation by external force is generally adopted. The friction layer is usually a plane, and the contact between the friction layers is usually a two-dimensional plane contact. Due to the structure of the friction layer of the traditional friction nano generator, the contact area between the friction layers of the traditional contact separation type friction nano generator is small, the space utilization rate is low, and the output power is limited. In order to improve the output power, the existing high-efficiency contact separation type friction nano generator usually carries out surface modification on a friction layer. However, such a high-efficiency contact separation type friction nano-generator is not only difficult to manufacture, but also has significant performance degradation during long-term use.
In the field of flexible robots/manipulators, there are currently a number of solutions for controlling the attitude of a component by filling a deformation structure with a fluid. However, these solutions mainly use the tiny deformation of the deformation structure to generate bending and/or torsion, so as to achieve actions such as grasping i, grasping or creeping. In addition, the filled fluid in the schemes mainly plays a role in controlling related components, and the functions are single.
In the household field, there are some products that perform posture adjustment by filling fluid. However, the posture adjusting function of the related product can only improve the comfort level of the user to a certain extent, and the gesture adjusting function is lack of the potential for convenient arrangement or serving as a sensor, so that the gesture adjusting function is expanded to the field of smart home. Meanwhile, products with similar structures are not adopted in the existing friction nano generator.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for realizing contact separation between friction layers by utilizing the deformation of an elastic friction layer under the action of external force, which converts two-dimensional plane contact between the friction layers of a common contact separation type friction nano generator into three-dimensional space contact after the deformation of the elastic friction layer, obviously increases the contact area between the friction layers and improves the output power of the contact separation type friction nano generator. In addition, the efficient contact separation type friction nano generator based on the deformation of the friction material and capable of increasing the contact area can be compatible with most of the existing surface modification technologies, and has the potential of further improving the output power. In addition, the invention transmits deformation and pressure through the conductive fluid, thereby ensuring the consistency of the positive pressure at each position on the friction layer and improving the charge transfer effect. The conductive fluid is also used as a fluid electrode in the invention, thereby simplifying the structure and the production process. Meanwhile, the positive and negative electrode deformation structures and the liquid filling cavity are respectively formed by the same material, the mechanical property requirement is met by optimizing the structural design, and the batch manufacturing is easy. Finally, the conductive fluid is utilized to transfer deformation, so that the small deformation can be easily collected by utilizing a larger stress area, and the application scene of the contact separation type friction nano generator is expanded. The technology provides a feasible way for the mass production and the wide application of the friction nanometer generator.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a contact separation type friction nano generator utilizing friction material deformation, which is characterized by comprising a bracket, a positive electrode friction unit and a negative electrode friction unit, wherein the positive electrode friction unit and the negative electrode friction unit are respectively fixed at two ends of the bracket, and a plurality of staggered positive electrode deformation structures and negative electrode deformation structures are positioned in the bracket; each friction unit comprises a liquid filling cavity fixed at the corresponding end of the bracket, conductive fluid filled in the liquid filling cavity and an electrode led out from the liquid filling cavity; one end of each positive electrode deformation structure is communicated with the liquid filling cavity of the positive electrode friction unit, the other end of each positive electrode deformation structure is a free end, one end of each negative electrode deformation structure is communicated with the liquid filling cavity of the negative electrode friction unit, and the other end of each negative electrode deformation structure is a closed free end; when the liquid filling cavities of the positive friction unit and the negative friction unit deform under the action of external force, the shapes of the positive deformation structure and the negative deformation structure are respectively changed through the flowing of conductive fluid in the liquid filling cavities, so that the corresponding positive deformation structure and the corresponding negative deformation structure are in contact with each other, and charge transfer occurs.
The invention has the characteristics and beneficial effects that:
the contact separation type friction nano generator provided by the invention realizes the contact and separation of various deformation structures by utilizing the deformation of the elastic friction layer under the action of external force, and converts the two-dimensional plane contact between the friction layers of the common contact separation type friction nano generator into three-dimensional space contact. Therefore, the contact area among the deformation structures is obviously increased on the premise that the positive pressure is ensured, and the purpose of improving the output power is achieved.
On one hand, the invention realizes the contact and separation between the friction layers by utilizing the large-amplitude deformation of the elastic friction layer under the action of external force, and increases the contact area between the friction layers. On the other hand, the conductive fluid for transferring deformation in the invention is also used as a fluid electrode, so that the structure and the manufacturing process of the friction nano generator are simplified. Meanwhile, the deformation is transmitted by utilizing the conductive fluid, so that a larger external force receiving area can be created, the flexible arrangement of the contact separation type friction nanometer generator can be realized, the external force is converted into the deformation of the deformation structure through the conductive fluid, an additional mechanical structure is not needed, and the small deformation can be collected in a larger area. The invention provides a feasible way for the batch production and the wide application of the friction nanometer generator.
Drawings
Fig. 1 and 2 are a cross-sectional view and a front view of an overall structure of a contact separation type friction nanogenerator using deformation of a friction material according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of 1 deformation structure in the contact separation type friction nanogenerator shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 4 (a) and (b) are schematic diagrams of the operating principle of the contact separation type friction nano-generator of the invention during separation and contact respectively.
Fig. 5 (a) and (b) are simulation result diagrams of the deformation stress and the first principal strain of the deformation structure of the contact separation type friction nano-generator under the pressure of 6000Pa respectively; fig. 5 (c) is a graph showing the simulation result of the deformation stress of the negative friction unit of the contact separation type friction nanogenerator under the pressure of 6000Pa on the inner wall.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the scope of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
For better understanding of the present invention, an application example of a contact separated friction nano-generator using deformation of friction material proposed by the present invention is explained in detail below.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the contact separation type friction nanogenerator using friction material deformation according to the embodiment of the invention includes a support 4, a positive friction unit 10 and a negative friction unit 7 respectively fixed at two ends of the support 4, and a plurality of staggered positive deformation structures 9 and negative deformation structures 8 located inside the support 4. The positive friction unit 10 comprises a positive liquid charging cavity 1 fixed at one end of the bracket 4, a positive conductive fluid filled in the positive liquid charging cavity 1 and a positive electrode 2 led out from the positive liquid charging cavity 1; the negative friction unit 7 comprises a negative liquid charging cavity 6 fixed at the other end of the bracket 4, a negative conductive fluid filled in the negative liquid charging cavity 6 and a negative electrode 5 led out from the negative liquid charging cavity 6; one end of each positive deformation structure 9 is communicated with the positive liquid charging cavity 1, the other end of each positive deformation structure 9 is a closed free end, one end of each negative deformation structure 8 is communicated with the negative liquid charging cavity 6, the other end of each negative deformation structure 8 is a closed free end, when the positive liquid charging cavity 1 and the negative liquid charging cavity 6 deform under the action of external force, the shapes of each positive deformation structure 9 and the negative deformation structure 8 are changed respectively through positive and negative conductive fluids, so that the corresponding positive deformation structure 9 and the corresponding negative deformation structure 8 are in contact with each other, and charge transfer occurs.
The specific implementation and functions of the components in the embodiment of the present invention are described as follows:
the bracket 4, as a bearing part of the contact separation type friction generator, can be made of a hard insulating material satisfying mechanical properties, including but not limited to ABS, PLA, etc.
The positive electrode liquid-filling cavity 1 and the negative electrode liquid-filling cavity 6 are respectively closed cavities made of flexible materials or surface-modified and/or surface-modified flexible materials, and in this embodiment, the positive electrode liquid-filling cavity 1 and the negative electrode liquid-filling cavity 6 are respectively made of two flexible materials with large electronegativity difference, namely PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) and NR (Natural Rubber). The positive electrode liquid filling cavity 1 and the negative electrode liquid filling cavity 6 are respectively filled with conductive fluids including but not limited to NaCl, KCl, DMSO and the like, and the corresponding electrodes should be completely immersed by the conductive fluids, and the NaCl solution is adopted in the embodiment. The positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 5 are respectively inserted from the side walls of the positive liquid charging cavity 1 and the negative liquid charging cavity 6, the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 5 are in contact with corresponding conductive fluids as much as possible, and the positions, where the corresponding electrodes are inserted, of the positive liquid charging cavity 1 and the negative liquid charging cavity 6 are sealed by using silica gel. And one side wall of the positive electrode liquid charging cavity 1, which is opposite to the negative electrode liquid charging cavity 6, is respectively fixed with one end of the bracket 4. One end of each positive electrode deformation structure 9 is communicated with the positive electrode liquid filling cavity 1, and the other end of each positive electrode deformation structure 9 is a free end; one end of each negative electrode deformation structure 8 is communicated with the negative electrode liquid filling cavity 6, and the other end of each negative electrode deformation structure 4 is a free end.
The positive deformation structures 9 and the negative deformation structures 8 have the same structure, and one of the positive deformation structures is taken as an example for description, see fig. 3, and is a schematic structural diagram of the positive deformation structure 9, the positive deformation structure 9 of the present embodiment is a corrugated pipe-like thin-wall folding structure, and a through hole 91 is formed at one end of the corrugated pipe-like thin-wall folding structure, so that the conductive fluid in the positive liquid filling cavity 1 can freely circulate between the positive liquid filling cavity 1 and the positive deformation structure 9. The negative electrode deformation structure 8 and the connection relation between the negative electrode deformation structure and the negative electrode liquid charging cavity 6 refer to the positive electrode liquid charging cavity 1 and the positive electrode deformation structure 9, which are not described in detail herein. When the positive electrode liquid charging cavity 1 and the negative electrode liquid charging cavity 6 are acted by external force, the conductive fluid in the positive electrode liquid charging cavity 1 and the negative electrode liquid charging cavity 6 respectively flows into the corresponding deformation structures, the folding structures on the side walls of the deformation structures are stretched and opened, respective large-amplitude deformation is realized within the elastic limit of the material, and the contact area between the corresponding deformation structures is increased. When the external force acts on the positive electrode liquid charging cavity 1 and the negative electrode liquid charging cavity 6, the conductive fluid converts the external force into deformation of corresponding deformation structures, so that the deformation structures are contacted with each other and charge transfer occurs. When the external force is removed, the deformation structures are restored, potential differences are induced in the conductive fluid in the positive electrode liquid filling cavity 1 and the negative electrode liquid filling cavity 6 and are led out by the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and current is formed in an external circuit. Each deformation structure can be a spiral thin-wall folding structure except the thin-wall folding structure of the corrugated pipe or other structural forms, and only needs to meet the requirement that the corresponding positive deformation structure and the corresponding negative deformation structure can be contacted with each other after the deformation structure is deformed under the action of the conductive fluid. The positive deformation structure 9 is made of the same material as the positive liquid charging cavity 1, and the negative deformation structure 8 is made of the same material as the negative liquid charging cavity 6.
The manufacturing process of the contact separation type friction nano generator provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: respectively manufacturing a positive deformation structure 9, a negative deformation structure 8, a positive liquid filling cavity 1 and a negative liquid filling cavity 6 through mold injection molding, and manufacturing a positive electrode and a negative electrode; bonding and combining the parts by using PDMS and NR; respectively injecting NaCl solution into the positive electrode liquid charging cavity 1 and the negative electrode liquid charging cavity 6 through the insertion holes of the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 5; inserting the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 5 and sealing with PDMS and NR; bonding the assembled positive friction unit 10 and the assembled negative friction unit 7 with the bracket 4; an external circuit connection is connected to the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 5.
The operation mode of the present invention is shown in (a) and (b) of fig. 4, and it is a contact separation type friction nano generator in nature. The filled conductive fluid converts the external force action into the large-amplitude deformation of the deformation structure in the three-dimensional space, so that the two-dimensional plane contact between friction layers in the use process of the common contact separation type friction nano generator is converted into the contact of the deformation structure in the three-dimensional space after deformation, the contact area is increased, and the output power is high. The device utilizes the triboelectric effect, charges are transferred when different materials are contacted with each other, and fluid electrodes and wires are led out to output energy.
To verify the effectiveness of the present invention, the following simulation was performed:
fig. 5 (a) is a graph of the deformation/stress simulation result of the positive electrode deformation structure 9 and the negative electrode deformation structure 8 under the pressure of 6000 Pa. The simulation software used was COMSOL, the boundary conditions were that the inner wall was loaded at 6000Pa and the bottom was fixedly constrained. After NaCl solution filled in the anode liquid filling cavity 1 and the cathode liquid filling cavity 6 is pressed into the anode deformation structure 9 and the cathode deformation structure 8 by external force, the deformation structures can be remarkably stretched and deformed. The maximum extension distance can reach 58.7mm without other constraint conditions. At this moment, the top ends of the positive deformation structure 9 and the negative deformation structure 8 are respectively in contact with the negative liquid charging cavity 6 and the positive liquid charging cavity 1, and meanwhile, the positive deformation structure 9 and the negative deformation structure 8 are in contact with each other, so that the load is increased, and the contact area between the deformation structures is further increased. Under the load of 6000Pa, the stress of the structure is below 35kPa, and the mechanical property requirement of PDMS and NR can be satisfied.
Fig. 5 (b) is a graph of a first main strain simulation result of the positive electrode deformation structure 9 and the negative electrode deformation structure 8 under the pressure of 6000 Pa. The simulation software used was COMSOL, the boundary conditions were that the inner wall was loaded at 6000Pa and the bottom was fixedly constrained. Under the premise of no other constraint conditions, the first main strain at each part of the deformation structure is below 0.35. This strain magnitude is within the linear elastic range of PDMS and NR, which ensures better durability of the positive deformation structure 9 and the negative deformation structure 8.
Fig. 5 (c) is a graph showing a simulation result of the deformation stress of the negative friction unit 7 when the inner wall is subjected to a pressure of 6000 Pa. The positive friction unit 10 and the negative friction unit 7 are similar in structure height. The simulation software used was COMSOL, the boundary conditions were that the inner wall was loaded at 6000Pa, the top was loaded at 10000Pa, and the sidewalls were fixedly constrained. On the premise of no other constraint conditions, the deformation of the bottoms of the positive friction unit 10 and the negative friction unit 7 is not very obvious, and the main deformation is generated by the positive deformation structure 9 and the negative deformation structure 8 which are communicated with the positive friction unit 10 and the negative friction unit 7.
The simulation results prove the effectiveness of the concept of the invention, the invention realizes the contact and separation of various deformation structures by utilizing the deformation of the elastic friction layer under the action of external force, and converts the two-dimensional plane contact between the friction layers of the common contact separation type friction nano generator into three-dimensional space contact. Therefore, the contact area among the deformation structures is obviously increased on the premise that the positive pressure is ensured, and the purpose of improving the output power is achieved.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A contact separation type friction nanometer generator utilizing friction material deformation is characterized by comprising a support, a positive electrode friction unit and a negative electrode friction unit which are respectively fixed at two ends of the support, and a plurality of staggered positive electrode deformation structures and negative electrode deformation structures which are positioned in the support; each friction unit comprises a liquid filling cavity fixed at the corresponding end of the bracket, conductive fluid filled in the liquid filling cavity and an electrode led out from the liquid filling cavity; one end of each positive electrode deformation structure is communicated with the liquid filling cavity of the positive electrode friction unit, the other end of each positive electrode deformation structure is a closed free end, one end of each negative electrode deformation structure is communicated with the liquid filling cavity of the negative electrode friction unit, and the other end of each negative electrode deformation structure is a closed free end; when the liquid filling cavities of the positive friction unit and the negative friction unit deform under the action of external force, the shapes of the positive deformation structure and the negative deformation structure are respectively changed through the flowing of conductive fluid in the liquid filling cavities, so that the corresponding positive deformation structure and the corresponding negative deformation structure are in contact with each other, and charge transfer occurs.
2. The contact separation type friction nanogenerator according to claim 1, wherein the conductive fluid is NaCl, KCl or dimethyl sulfoxide liquid.
3. The contact separation type friction nanogenerator according to claim 1, wherein each deformation structure is a corrugated pipe-like or spiral thin-wall folded structure.
4. The contact separation type friction nanogenerator according to claim 1, wherein the liquid charging cavities of the positive friction unit and the negative friction unit are made of two flexible materials with different electronegativities, the positive deformation structure is made of the same material as the liquid charging cavity of the positive friction unit, and the negative deformation structure is made of the same material as the liquid charging cavity of the negative friction unit.
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