CN112133908A - Lithium iron phosphate cathode material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Lithium iron phosphate cathode material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN112133908A
CN112133908A CN202010911542.XA CN202010911542A CN112133908A CN 112133908 A CN112133908 A CN 112133908A CN 202010911542 A CN202010911542 A CN 202010911542A CN 112133908 A CN112133908 A CN 112133908A
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iron phosphate
lithium iron
phosphate positive
positive electrode
lithium
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魏义华
孙杰
许中柱
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Hubei RT Advanced Materials Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/5825Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B25/00Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
    • C01B25/16Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
    • C01B25/26Phosphates
    • C01B25/45Phosphates containing plural metal, or metal and ammonium
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/028Positive electrodes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of preparation of lithium ion battery anode materials, and discloses a lithium iron phosphate anode material and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: (1) placing the pretreated waste lithium iron phosphate positive pole piece in water, stirring, removing aluminum foil, adding lithium carbonate, uniformly mixing, carrying out wet grinding, and drying to obtain dry powder; (2) sintering the dry powder obtained in the step (1) in an inert atmosphere, and then crushing; and the lithium carbonate is used in an amount of 8.5-12.5 wt% based on 100% of the total weight of the pretreated waste lithium iron phosphate positive pole piece. The method has the advantages that the waste lithium iron phosphate pole pieces are recycled to prepare the lithium iron phosphate anode material, the working procedure is simple, the energy consumption is low, the production cost is low, and the method is energy-saving and environment-friendly.

Description

Lithium iron phosphate cathode material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of lithium ion battery anode materials, in particular to a lithium iron phosphate anode material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The lithium iron phosphate is one of the most widely used anode materials in the lithium ion battery industry at present, has the advantages of high capacity, good cycle performance, good safety, low cost and the like, is widely applied to the fields of power and energy storage, and has a annual output capacity of more than 8 million tons.
The existing lithium iron phosphate production technology basically adopts iron phosphate and lithium carbonate as main raw materials, and adopts a carbothermic method to synthesize a carbon-coated lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material, wherein the cost of the iron phosphate, the lithium carbonate and other raw materials reaches more than 60 percent of the cost production cost, and in addition, the process has higher requirements on equipment, and the final production cost reaches 3.5-4 ten thousand yuan/t. At present, the lithium iron phosphate market has entered into a serious situation of price fighting, profit margins of various production enterprises slide down year by year, the production cost of the lithium iron phosphate is absolutely necessary to be reduced, and the method is also a necessary premise for further expanding the market share of the lithium iron phosphate in the energy storage industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of high cost of preparing a lithium iron phosphate anode material in the prior art, and provides a lithium iron phosphate anode material and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material, including the steps of:
(1) placing the pretreated waste lithium iron phosphate positive pole piece in water, stirring, removing aluminum foil, adding lithium carbonate, uniformly mixing, carrying out wet grinding, and drying to obtain dry powder;
(2) sintering the dry powder obtained in the step (1) in an inert atmosphere, and then crushing;
and the lithium carbonate is used in an amount of 8.5-12.5 wt% based on 100% of the total weight of the pretreated waste lithium iron phosphate positive pole piece.
Preferably, in the step (1), the lithium carbonate is used in an amount of 9.5 to 12 wt% based on 100% of the total weight of the pretreated waste lithium iron phosphate positive electrode sheet.
Preferably, in step (1), the pretreatment is physical deslagging.
Preferably, in the step (1), the waste lithium iron phosphate positive electrode piece is a discarded lithium iron phosphate positive electrode piece in a lithium iron phosphate core manufacturing process.
Preferably, in step (1), the average particle diameter D50 of the material after wet grinding is controlled to be 0.4-0.6 μm.
Preferably, in step (1), the drying is spray drying.
Preferably, in step (2), the inert atmosphere is provided by at least one of nitrogen, argon, helium, neon, krypton or xenon.
Further preferably, in step (2), the inert atmosphere is provided by nitrogen.
Preferably, in the step (2), the sintering temperature is 650-800 ℃; the sintering time is 5-8 h.
The invention also provides a lithium iron phosphate cathode material prepared by the method.
According to the preparation method of the lithium iron phosphate anode material, the lithium iron phosphate anode material on the waste lithium iron phosphate anode piece is used as the raw material, the lithium iron phosphate anode material is produced in a large scale, the process flow is simple, the types of the raw materials are few, the production cost is low, and the method is energy-saving and environment-friendly.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a process flow chart of a preparation method of a lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and such ranges or values should be understood to encompass values close to those ranges or values. For ranges of values, between the endpoints of each of the ranges and the individual points, and between the individual points may be combined with each other to give one or more new ranges of values, and these ranges of values should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
The first aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material, wherein a process flow diagram of the method is shown in fig. 1, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) placing the pretreated waste lithium iron phosphate positive pole piece in water, stirring, removing aluminum foil, adding lithium carbonate, uniformly mixing, carrying out wet grinding, and drying to obtain dry powder;
(2) sintering the dry powder obtained in the step (1) in an inert atmosphere, and then crushing;
and the lithium carbonate is used in an amount of 8.5-12.5 wt% based on 100% of the total weight of the pretreated waste lithium iron phosphate positive pole piece.
In a preferred embodiment, the lithium carbonate is used in an amount of 9.5 to 12 wt%, and most preferably 10.5 wt%, based on 100% of the total weight of the waste lithium iron phosphate positive electrode sheet after the pretreatment.
In the method of the present invention, in step (1), the pretreatment is physical deslagging. The physical deslagging mainly adopts compressed air purging and a vibrating screen to screen and deslag.
In the method, in the step (1), the waste lithium iron phosphate positive pole piece is a lithium iron phosphate positive pole piece which is scrapped in the manufacturing process of the lithium iron phosphate core.
In the method of the present invention, in step (1), the wet grinding equipment may be selected conventionally in the art. In a specific embodiment, the wet milling is performed in a stirred mill.
In the method of the present invention, in step (1), the average particle diameter D50 of the material after wet grinding is controlled to be 0.4-0.6 μm, and most preferably 0.5 μm.
In the present invention, in step (1), the manner of drying may be a conventional choice in the art. In a preferred embodiment, the drying is spray drying.
In the present invention, in step (2), there is no particular requirement for the selection of the inert atmosphere, and may be a routine choice in the art. Specifically, the inert atmosphere may be provided by at least one of nitrogen, argon, helium, neon, krypton, or xenon. Preferably, the inert atmosphere is provided by nitrogen.
In the method of the present invention, in the step (2), the dry powder is loaded in a sagger for sintering.
In the method of the present invention, in the step (2), the sintering temperature is 650-800 ℃. In particular embodiments, the temperature of the sintering may be 650 ℃, 675 ℃, 700 ℃, 725 ℃, 750 ℃, 775 ℃ or 800 ℃. In a most preferred embodiment, the temperature of the sintering is 750 ℃.
In the invention, in the step (2), the sintering time is 5-8 h. In particular embodiments, the sintering time may be 5h, 5.25h, 5.5h, 5.75h, 6h, 6.25h, 6.5h, 6.75h, 7h, 7.25h, 7.5h, 7.75h, or 8 h. In the most preferred embodiment, the sintering time is 6 hours.
In a most preferred embodiment, in order to enable the prepared lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material to have large charge-discharge gram capacity, the amount of lithium carbonate is 10.5 wt% based on 100% of the total weight of the pretreated waste lithium iron phosphate positive electrode piece, the average particle size D50 of the material after wet grinding is controlled to be 0.5 μm, the sintering temperature is 750 ℃, and the sintering time is 6 hours.
The invention provides a lithium iron phosphate cathode material prepared by the method.
Compared with the prior art, the preparation method of the lithium iron phosphate anode material has the following advantages:
(1) the waste lithium iron phosphate pole pieces are recycled, so that the process is an environment-friendly process for solid waste recycling, and the advantages of energy conservation and environmental protection are obvious because no three wastes are discharged in the recycling process, the process is simple, and the energy consumption is low.
(2) The waste lithium iron phosphate pole pieces are used as raw materials, the cost of the raw materials is low, meanwhile, the recycling and retreating processes are simple, the energy consumption is low, and the cost for finally producing the lithium iron phosphate anode material product is obviously lower than that of the prior art.
(3) The prepared lithium iron phosphate cathode material finished product has stable physical and chemical properties and electrochemical properties capable of meeting the use requirements.
The present invention will be described in detail by way of examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
(1) The method comprises the following steps of physically deslagging 1000g of recovered waste lithium iron phosphate positive pole piece (the waste lithium iron phosphate positive pole piece is a discarded lithium iron phosphate positive pole piece in the manufacturing process of a lithium iron phosphate core), placing the discarded lithium iron phosphate positive pole piece in water, stirring, removing aluminum foil, adding lithium carbonate (the total weight of the waste lithium iron phosphate positive pole piece after physical deslagging is 100%, and the using amount of lithium carbonate is 10.5% by weight), uniformly mixing, performing wet grinding in a stirring mill until the average particle size D50 of the material is 0.5 mu m, and performing spray drying to obtain dry powder;
(2) and (2) filling the dry powder obtained in the step (1) into a sagger, sintering in a nitrogen atmosphere (the sintering temperature is 750 ℃, and the sintering time is 6 hours), naturally cooling to room temperature, and crushing to obtain 798g of the lithium iron phosphate cathode material A1.
Example 2
(1) The method comprises the following steps of physically deslagging 2000g of recovered waste lithium iron phosphate positive pole pieces (the waste lithium iron phosphate positive pole pieces are discarded lithium iron phosphate positive pole pieces in the manufacturing process of a lithium iron phosphate core), placing the discarded lithium iron phosphate positive pole pieces in water, stirring, removing aluminum foil, adding lithium carbonate (the total weight of the waste lithium iron phosphate positive pole pieces after physical deslagging is 100%, and the using amount of the lithium carbonate is 8.5% by weight), uniformly mixing, performing wet grinding in a stirring mill until the average particle size D50 of the materials is 0.4 mu m, and performing spray drying to obtain dry powder;
(2) and (2) filling the dry powder obtained in the step (1) into a sagger, sintering in a nitrogen atmosphere (the sintering temperature is 650 ℃, the sintering time is 8 hours), naturally cooling to room temperature, and crushing to obtain 1592g of lithium iron phosphate anode material A2.
Example 3
(1) Physically deslagging 5000g of recovered waste lithium iron phosphate positive pole piece (the waste lithium iron phosphate positive pole piece is a discarded lithium iron phosphate positive pole piece in the manufacturing process of a lithium iron phosphate core), placing the waste lithium iron phosphate positive pole piece in water, stirring, removing an aluminum foil, adding lithium carbonate (the total weight of the waste lithium iron phosphate positive pole piece after physical deslagging is 100%, and the using amount of the lithium carbonate is 12.5% by weight), uniformly mixing, performing wet grinding in a stirring mill until the average particle size D50 of the material is 0.6 mu m, and performing spray drying to obtain dry powder;
(2) and (2) filling the dry powder obtained in the step (1) into a sagger, sintering in a nitrogen atmosphere (the sintering temperature is 800 ℃, the sintering time is 5 hours), naturally cooling to room temperature, and crushing to obtain 3979g of the lithium iron phosphate cathode material A3.
Example 4
The process was carried out as described in example 1, except that, in the step (2), the sintering temperature was 650 ℃, and 799g of lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material a4 was obtained.
Example 5
Except that lithium carbonate was used in an amount of 9.5 wt% in step (1), 1598g of lithium iron phosphate cathode material a5 was obtained.
Example 6
The procedure was carried out as described in example 3, except that in step (1), lithium carbonate was used in an amount of 12% by weight, to obtain 3984g of lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material a 6.
Comparative example 1
The procedure was carried out as described in example 1, except that lithium carbonate was used in an amount of 6.5 wt% in step (1), to obtain 796g of lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material D1.
Comparative example 2
The procedure was carried out as described in example 1, except that in step (1), the amount of lithium carbonate used was 13.5% by weight, to obtain 799g of lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material D2.
Test example 1
The physical and chemical properties of the lithium iron phosphate positive electrode materials prepared in the examples 1-6 and the comparative examples 1-2 were tested, the lithium iron phosphate positive electrode materials prepared in the examples 1-6 and the comparative examples 1-2 were prepared into CR2016 button cells, and the electrochemical properties were tested by using the test methods according to the national standard of "GBT 30835-. The test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002663461700000071
The results in table 1 show that the lithium iron phosphate cathode material prepared by the method has relatively stable physicochemical properties, the first charge gram capacity is greater than 160mAh/g, the first discharge gram capacity is greater than 156mAh/g, and the application of the lithium iron phosphate in the field of energy storage is met.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, many simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention, including combinations of various technical features in any other suitable way, and these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the disclosure of the invention, and all fall within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A preparation method of a lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) placing the pretreated waste lithium iron phosphate positive pole piece in water, stirring, removing aluminum foil, adding lithium carbonate, uniformly mixing, carrying out wet grinding, and drying to obtain dry powder;
(2) sintering the dry powder obtained in the step (1) in an inert atmosphere, and then crushing;
and the lithium carbonate is used in an amount of 8.5-12.5 wt% based on 100% of the total weight of the pretreated waste lithium iron phosphate positive pole piece.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the lithium carbonate is used in an amount of 9.5-12 wt% based on 100% of the total weight of the pretreated waste lithium iron phosphate positive electrode sheet.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), the pretreatment is physical deslagging.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the waste lithium iron phosphate positive electrode piece is a lithium iron phosphate positive electrode piece scrapped in a lithium iron phosphate core manufacturing process.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1 or 4, wherein in step (1), the average particle diameter D50 of the material after wet grinding is controlled to be 0.4-0.6 μm.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), the drying is spray drying.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (2), the inert atmosphere is provided by at least one of nitrogen, argon, helium, neon, krypton, or xenon.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein in step (2), the inert atmosphere is provided by nitrogen.
9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, in step (2), the sintering temperature is 650-800 ℃; the sintering time is 5-8 h.
10. The lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 9.
CN202010911542.XA 2020-09-02 2020-09-02 Lithium iron phosphate cathode material and preparation method thereof Pending CN112133908A (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102709620A (en) * 2012-05-23 2012-10-03 浙江大学 Method for recycling positive material of waste lithium iron phosphate battery
US9643846B2 (en) * 2013-03-14 2017-05-09 Korea Institute Of Science And Technology Recycling method of olivine-based cathode material for lithium secondary battery, cathode material fabricated therefrom, and cathode and lithium secondary battery including the same
CN108550940A (en) * 2018-04-25 2018-09-18 河南师范大学 The resource utilization reuse method of waste and old lithium ion battery lithium iron phosphate positive material
CN109216818A (en) * 2017-07-04 2019-01-15 河南合众电力技术有限公司 A kind of industrial process for separating of waste lithium iron phosphate battery

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102709620A (en) * 2012-05-23 2012-10-03 浙江大学 Method for recycling positive material of waste lithium iron phosphate battery
US9643846B2 (en) * 2013-03-14 2017-05-09 Korea Institute Of Science And Technology Recycling method of olivine-based cathode material for lithium secondary battery, cathode material fabricated therefrom, and cathode and lithium secondary battery including the same
CN109216818A (en) * 2017-07-04 2019-01-15 河南合众电力技术有限公司 A kind of industrial process for separating of waste lithium iron phosphate battery
CN108550940A (en) * 2018-04-25 2018-09-18 河南师范大学 The resource utilization reuse method of waste and old lithium ion battery lithium iron phosphate positive material

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