CN112133174A - Cricothyroid membrane puncture training device - Google Patents
Cricothyroid membrane puncture training device Download PDFInfo
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- CN112133174A CN112133174A CN202010767907.6A CN202010767907A CN112133174A CN 112133174 A CN112133174 A CN 112133174A CN 202010767907 A CN202010767907 A CN 202010767907A CN 112133174 A CN112133174 A CN 112133174A
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 210000003109 clavicle Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 101100410148 Pinus taeda PT30 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000003437 trachea Anatomy 0.000 description 12
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 238000002627 tracheal intubation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010003497 Asphyxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000032843 Hemorrhage Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 210000003685 cricoid cartilage Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B9/00—Simulators for teaching or training purposes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cricothyroid membrane puncture training device, which belongs to the technical field of medical instruments and is characterized in that: at least comprises the following steps: simulating an operation model of the neck shape between the lower jaw and the clavicle of the human body; the two groups of correlation switches are arranged, and each group of correlation switches comprises a laser transmitter, an optical fiber amplifier and a laser receiver; the first group of correlation switches are positioned on two sides of the cricothyroid membrane; the second group of correlation switches are positioned along the direction of the air pipe; the two laser receivers are both optical fiber sensors; the power supply management module is used for providing electric energy for the correlation switch; the power supply management module is electrically connected with power supply terminals of the laser transmitter, the optical fiber amplifier and the laser receiver through the trigger switch module; the programmable controller is used for receiving the output signal of the correlation switch and carrying out logic judgment on the output signal; the laser receiver is electrically connected with an I/O port of the programmable controller through a data line. The invention can realize the rapid and intelligent judgment of the simulated cricothyroid membrane puncture result.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of medical instruments, and particularly relates to a cricothyroid membrane puncture training device.
Background
The high and new technology war is characterized by high technological content of military technology, weapon equipment and informatization degree and combined combat of various weapons, and has the characteristics of large weapon killing power, long action time, complex killing mechanism, diversified injury conditions and the like. By analyzing the causes of death of the deceased in the iraq and afghanistan wars, airway disturbances are only located after major hemorrhages under modern war conditions, ranking the second among the causes of death that can be avoided. The army also puts ventilation, hemostasis, bandaging, fixation, transportation and basic life support into six technologies of war rescue, wherein ventilation and hemostasis are the most urgent. The common methods for ventilation include tracheal intubation, cricothyroid puncture, cricothyroid dissection, conventional tracheotomy, rapid tracheotomy and the like, each of which has the characteristics, and the tracheal intubation and the tracheotomy are common rescue methods, but special instruments and specialized doctors are needed, and the procedures can be completed within 10-15 minutes. The specific location of the cricothyroid membrane is, in the broad sense, a conical elastic fibrous connective tissue membrane between the cricothyroid cartilage and the thyroid cartilage, and in the narrow sense, only the elastic conical anterior thyroid cartilage between the inferior border of the thyroid cartilage, the superior border of the cricothyroid cartilage, and the medial border of the cricothyroid muscle on both sides.
The thyrocricocentesis has the characteristics of simple and convenient operation, easy mastering, safety, reliability and few complications, can quickly, simply and effectively solve asphyxia, is particularly suitable for people with ineffective other measures in emergency, does not take 1 minute after all the operations, and can win precious time for improving the rescue success rate of patients with respiratory tract obstruction. For the training of the cricothyroid membrane puncture operation, a report with good effect is obtained by teaching with a model and an animal (dog), and foreign scholars research medical staff need to train on a human body model for at least 5 times continuously to ensure that the correct puncture time reaches within 40 seconds.
In conclusion, the training of the operation of the cricothyroid membrane puncture is particularly important, and therefore, the design and development of the training device for the cricothyroid membrane puncture for the simulation teaching are of great significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a cricothyroid membrane puncture training device for solving the technical problems in the prior art, which is used for realizing the quick and intelligent judgment of the simulated cricothyroid membrane puncture result and improving the training efficiency.
The invention aims to provide a cricothyroid membrane puncture training device, which comprises:
simulating an operation model of the neck shape between the lower jaw and the clavicle of the human body;
the two groups of correlation switches are arranged, and each group of correlation switches comprises a laser transmitter, an optical fiber amplifier and a laser receiver; the first group of correlation switches are positioned on two sides of the cricothyroid membrane; the second group of correlation switches are positioned along the direction of the air pipe; the two laser receivers are both optical fiber sensors;
the power supply management module is used for providing electric energy for the correlation switch; the power supply management module is electrically connected with power supply terminals of the laser transmitter, the optical fiber amplifier and the laser receiver through the trigger switch module;
the programmable controller is used for receiving the output signal of the correlation switch and carrying out logic judgment on the output signal; the laser receiver is electrically connected with an I/O port of the programmable controller through a data line.
Further, the laser receiver of the first set of correlation switches is a fiber sensor probe LFT-3CMD, and the laser receiver of the second set of correlation switches is a grating sensor probe PT30 QL.
Further, the programmable controller is an STC89C52RC single chip microcomputer.
Further, the model of the optical fiber amplifier of the first group of correlation switches is ER3-N, and the model of the optical fiber amplifier of the second group of correlation switches is ER2-18 ZW.
Furthermore, the system also comprises a liquid crystal display module which is in data interaction with the programmable controller.
Furthermore, the system also comprises a Bluetooth uploading module which performs data interaction with the programmable controller.
Further, the bluetooth uploading module is an HC-05 slave mode bluetooth module.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
by adopting the technical scheme, the invention can realize objective, quick and accurate judgment on the simulated cricothyroid membrane puncture training result, does not need professional guidance of teachers to perform professional judgment on the simulated cricothyroid membrane puncture training result, saves time and greatly improves training efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the operation of the toggle switch module in the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a partial circuit diagram of the present invention; the grating correlation type optical fiber sensor circuit is mainly used for displaying a grating correlation type sensor circuit wiring circuit diagram and a correlation type optical fiber sensor wiring circuit diagram;
FIG. 4 is a partial circuit diagram of the present invention; the circuit wiring diagram is mainly used for displaying the power supply module and circuit wiring diagrams of different power supply modes;
FIG. 5 is a partial circuit diagram of the present invention; the circuit wiring terminal is mainly used for displaying a singlechip;
Detailed Description
In order to further understand the contents, features and effects of the present invention, the following embodiments are illustrated and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1 to 5, the technical solution of the present invention is:
a cricothyroid membrane puncture training device comprising:
the operation model is made of hard plastic materials, the middle part of the operation model is a plastic model with obvious surface marks such as thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage and the like, and the lower part of the operation model is provided with a circuit board module and a power supply module. The window body is made of silica gel materials, so that a puncture needle can be conveniently inserted into the window body, and the periphery of the window body is covered with a flesh-colored non-woven fabric adhesive tape which is replaced before each operation, so that the puncture needle can be prevented from being inserted into the operation model according to the position of the previous operation;
two groups of correlation switches; the transmitter and the receiver are installed face to face, the detected object is cut off through the light path, and the photosensitive device triggers the circuit to generate a switching signal. The correlation switch has the characteristics of non-contact, wide detection material range, quick response and high accuracy. In the preferred embodiment, the diameter of the detection range of the photoelectric switches positioned at two sides of the cricothyroid membrane is about 4mm, which is similar to the upper and lower diameters of the cricothyroid membrane, so that a laser correlation switch is selected, and the type is a side correlation type fiber sensor probe LFT-3 CMD. A similar grating sensor with a model of Boyi sperm rectangular correlation type grating sensor probe PT30QL is selected along the trachea.
The light beam from the light source of the optical fiber amplifier is transmitted via the optical fiber to the modulation region, where the light attributes (light intensity, phase, polarization state, wavelength, etc.) are modulated, the length of the optical fiber is increased, and high sensitivity can be obtained. In the device, the optical fiber amplifier is used for amplifying and transmitting laser emitted by the correlation switch to a transmitter at one side of a cricothyroid membrane plane trachea, and the selected type is ER 3-N. The optical fiber amplifier applied by the grating sensor pair is a Chinese optical fiber amplifier ER2-18 ZW.
A programmable controller, also called a single chip or a microcontroller, is a microcomputer with a high integration level, and a semiconductor silicon chip is integrated with a microprocessor, a memory, various input/output interfaces and the like to form a chip-level microcomputer. In the preferred embodiment, an STC89C52RC single chip microcomputer is connected with an interface circuit and is responsible for analyzing photoelectric switching signals, judging results and driving a serial port HMI to display.
The trigger switch module comprises a switch key for controlling the on-off of a power supply, a 'test key' and a reset key for controlling the working state, and the power supply starting device is switched on by pressing the switch key, so that the cricothyroid membrane puncture training can be started. The device establishes test key and two keys that reset on serial ports HMI display screen, presses "test key" after the puncture and carries out photoelectric switch state's judgement by the singlechip, accomplishes the test and uploads the result, presses "reset key" and resets, restarts next round of test.
The position of the cricothyroid membrane is respectively provided with a diffuse reflection infrared photoelectric switch and a correlation laser photoelectric switch along the direction of the trachea and on two sides of the trachea, and the singlechip receives and analyzes photoelectric signals.
The liquid crystal display module adopts an HMI serial port screen as a display part, the screen is driven and controlled through serial port transmission of the single chip microcomputer, and the device is tested and reset controlled through a touch screen.
The Bluetooth uploading module adopts an HC-05 slave machine mode Bluetooth module in the Bluetooth part, carries out communication transmission through a common IO port simulated serial port and is mainly responsible for transmitting effective data to an upper computer. The upper computer is responsible for recording, sorting and sequencing, and evaluating and comprehensively evaluating the training effect of units and individuals.
The power management module adopts two modes of 4 common No. 5 dry batteries and a USB port to supply power, can use a transformer to connect the commercial power, can also adopt a dry battery or a charger to supply power, has good adaptation condition and is convenient and flexible. The power supply part mainly realizes the switching between USB power supply and battery power supply and adopts the battery power supply. The device adopts 6 dry batteries for power supply, the full power is about 9V, and the voltage reduction of the battery along with the reduction of the electric quantity is considered, so that a voltage stabilizing part is added, the MI type BUCK module LM2596 is mainly adopted to realize 9-7V input voltage, and the output voltage is 5V. The battery and the battery can still keep the voltage stabilized to 5V after the electric quantity is used up, and the condition that the single chip microcomputer is influenced and even damaged is avoided. A boost module XL6009 is also provided in the power supply section to boost the 5V to 15V to power the sensor.
Working principle of the above preferred embodiment
The working principle of the correlation switch is that infrared light emitted by the sensor emitter is amplified by the matched optical fiber amplifier, transmitted by the optical fiber and received by the receiver. When the pin has no output when the shielding occurs, the input of the comparator is pulled up to 15V by the resistor, namely the input is at a high level, and the output is at a low level. When the sensor is not blocked, the output of the sensor is 0, namely, the input comparator signal is low, the output is high level, the output is reversed through the optical coupler, and finally, when the sensor is not blocked, the output is low level collected by the pin of the single chip microcomputer, and the optical coupler is added to enable the level to be matched with the single chip microcomputer. The output of the comparator is connected with the CD4093 NAND gate, and the high and low level jump edges are steeper, so that the single chip microcomputer can accurately identify the signal state of the sensor.
The working principle of the programmable controller or the singlechip is firstly sent to the singlechip through the serial port to be judged by the singlechip, and when the received character is '1', the corresponding flag bit is set, so that the conditional statement is circularly judged. When the IO output by the acquisition circuit connected with the grating correlation switch sensor is in a low level, the second layer of judgment is carried out, and if the IO output by the acquisition circuit connected with the correlation type fiber sensor LFT-3CMD is in a high level, the judgment result is excellent, namely the trachea puncture position is located in an optimal area; if the level is low, the result is judged to be good, namely the trachea puncture position is effective but not the optimal area. If the IO output by the acquisition circuit connected with the grating correlation switch sensor is high level, the result is judged to be unqualified, namely that the trachea puncture fails and the puncture needle fails to puncture the trachea.
The device simulates the appearance of the neck of a human body, has obvious anatomical marks and is easy to be rapidly mastered by non-medical professionals; the appearance is small and exquisite, it is easy to carry; the photoelectric switch is used for testing, the response is sensitive, and the result is reliable; the inner part is reasonably arranged, and the puncture result can be judged; by using Bluetooth uploading, the data can be recorded, sorted and sequenced on the upper computer, and comprehensive evaluation on training effects of units and individuals is facilitated.
The training device is used for performing the cricothyroid membrane puncture training on 50 soldiers without medical related experience, 50 alternative soldiers with equivalent conditions are trained by using a traditional wall map, two groups of soldiers select the same human body to perform the cricothyroid membrane skin positioning, and the same examiner performs judgment. As a result, the fighter who trains by using the device is better than the fighter who trains by using the wall chart training set in the aspects of positioning accuracy and positioning time.
Referring to fig. 3 to 5, the apparatus is first controlled by STC89C51 to implement the function of determining and processing sensor signals and bluetooth communication. The hardware circuit board comprises a power supply part and a signal conversion processing part. The power supply part mainly realizes the switching between USB power supply and battery power supply and adopts the battery power supply. The device adopts 6 dry batteries for power supply, the full power is about 9V, and the voltage reduction of the battery along with the reduction of the electric quantity is considered, so that a voltage stabilizing part is added, the MI type BUCK module LM2596 is mainly adopted to realize 9-7V input voltage, and the output voltage is 5V. The battery and the battery can still keep the voltage stabilized to 5V after the electric quantity is used up, and the condition that the single chip microcomputer is influenced and even damaged is avoided. A boost module XL6009 is also provided in the power supply section to boost the 5V to 15V to power the sensor.
For the signal acquisition circuit part, the main working principle is as follows: depending on the sensor design. The sensor mainly comprises two sensors, one is a Boyi Jingke rectangular correlation type grating sensor probe PT30QL and a Chinese optical fiber amplifier ER2-18ZW matched with the probe. The other is a side-emission fiber sensor probe LFT-3CMD and a fiber amplifier ER3-N matched with the same. For the correlation type grating sensor, because the output state of the sensor is 0.8V after being shielded, when the sensor is not shielded, the pin has no output, and the actually measured voltage is more than 1V. Therefore, the LM311 voltage comparator is used, the signal output is connected to the positive end of the comparator, and the negative end is connected to the reference voltage 1V. When the sensor is shielded, the voltage is 0.8V, which is less than the reference voltage, so the comparator output is low, otherwise it is high. The negative side reference voltage signal is generated by TL431 through a matched resistor. In order to make the high-low level transition edge steeper, thereby more accurately identifying the signal state of the sensor, the output of the comparator is connected with the CD4093 NAND gate. And then, an optical coupler is utilized, so that the switching value can be matched with the single chip microcomputer, the high level is 5V, and the low level is about 0.7V, so that the single chip microcomputer can recognize the switching value.
For the correlation fiber sensor LFT-3CMD and its associated fiber amplifier ER3-N, the output state is no output when blocked, the CD4093 input is a resistor pulled up to 15V, and the input is high, the output is low. And then the optical coupler is turned again, so that when the optical coupler is blocked, the output of the last single chip microcomputer pin is high level, otherwise, when the optical coupler is not blocked, the output of the sensor is 0, namely the input CD4093 signal is low, the output is high level, the direction of the optical coupler is reversed through the optical coupler, and when the optical coupler is finally unblocked, the output of the single chip microcomputer pin is low level. The optical coupler is also used for matching the level with the single chip microcomputer. The CD4093 NAND gate makes the high-low level transition edge steeper, thereby more accurately identifying the signal state of the sensor.
The judgment and processing process of the single chip microcomputer is as follows: the characters are sent to the single chip microcomputer through the serial port, the single chip microcomputer judges, and when the received characters are '1', corresponding flag bits are set, so that the conditional statement is subjected to cyclic judgment. When IO output by the acquisition circuit connected with the correlation type grating sensor probe PT30QL switch sensor is low level, the second layer of judgment is carried out, and if the output IO output by the acquisition circuit connected with the correlation type fiber sensor LFT-3CMD and the fiber amplifier ER3-N matched with the correlation type fiber sensor LFT-3CMD is high level, the judgment result is excellent, namely the trachea puncture position is located in the optimal area. If the level is low, the result is judged to be good, namely the trachea puncture position is effective but not the optimal area. If the IO output by the acquisition circuit connected with the correlation type grating sensor probe PT30QL switch sensor is high level, the result is judged to be unqualified, namely that the trachea puncture fails, and the result is sent to the mobile phone terminal after the trachea puncture fails. The device has still increased HMI serial ports screen, makes to show more intellectuality through this screen, and is pleasing to the eye. The button controlling parts such as touch make whole device more show the agility, adopt virtual button to replace actual button function to make the device can not only use the long-range inquiry command of bluetooth teletransmission, and utilize the two-dimensional code controlling part, can go to acquire statistical data through scanning the two-dimensional code, as long as the device does not fall the power down in continuous operation, just can acquire the test data of all testers of this device, can directly perceived statistics out the score outstanding, good, unqualified number of people.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a cricothyroid membrane puncture trainer which characterized in that: at least comprises the following steps:
simulating an operation model of the neck shape between the lower jaw and the clavicle of the human body;
the two groups of correlation switches are arranged, and each group of correlation switches comprises a laser transmitter, an optical fiber amplifier and a laser receiver; the first group of correlation switches are positioned on two sides of the cricothyroid membrane; the second group of correlation switches are positioned along the direction of the air pipe; the two laser receivers are both optical fiber sensors;
the power supply management module is used for providing electric energy for the correlation switch; the power supply management module is electrically connected with power supply terminals of the laser transmitter, the optical fiber amplifier and the laser receiver through the trigger switch module;
the programmable controller is used for receiving the output signal of the correlation switch and carrying out logic judgment on the output signal; the laser receiver is electrically connected with an I/O port of the programmable controller through a data line.
2. The cricothyroid membrane puncture training device of claim 1, wherein the laser receiver of the first set of correlation switches is a fiber sensor probe LFT-3CMD and the laser receiver of the second set of correlation switches is a grating sensor probe PT30 QL.
3. The cricothyroid membrane puncture training device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the programmable controller is an STC89C52RC single chip microcomputer.
4. The cricothyroid membrane puncture training device of claim 3, wherein the fiber amplifier of the first set of correlation switches is of the type ER3-N, and the fiber amplifier of the second set of correlation switches is of the type ER2-18 ZW.
5. The cricothyroid membrane puncture training device of claim 4, further comprising a liquid crystal display module for data interaction with the programmable controller.
6. The cricothyroid membrane puncture training device of claim 4, further comprising a bluetooth upload module for data interaction with a programmable controller.
7. The cricothyroid membrane puncture training device of claim 6, wherein the bluetooth upload module is an HC-05 slave mode bluetooth module.
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| CN202010767907.6A CN112133174A (en) | 2020-08-03 | 2020-08-03 | Cricothyroid membrane puncture training device |
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| CN202010767907.6A CN112133174A (en) | 2020-08-03 | 2020-08-03 | Cricothyroid membrane puncture training device |
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| US20140045146A1 (en) * | 2012-08-10 | 2014-02-13 | Ti Training Corp | Disruptor device simulation system |
| CN103584851A (en) * | 2013-10-24 | 2014-02-19 | 燕山大学 | Multichannel neuron signal collection controlling and transmission device |
| CN204204297U (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2015-03-11 | 潍坊医学院 | A kind of thyrocricocentesis training and examination model |
| CN204946452U (en) * | 2015-04-17 | 2016-01-06 | 江苏省人民医院 | A kind of surgery standardization knotting training and assessment device |
| CN106409042A (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2017-02-15 | 河北工业大学 | Portable self and mutual rescue training equipment |
| CN208877541U (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2019-05-21 | 张骐 | A kind of Medical anesthetic system |
| CN209103568U (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2019-07-12 | 深圳职业技术学院 | Venipuncture model |
| CN110037695A (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2019-07-23 | 河南翔宇医疗设备股份有限公司 | A kind of swallowing training instrument |
-
2020
- 2020-08-03 CN CN202010767907.6A patent/CN112133174A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20140045146A1 (en) * | 2012-08-10 | 2014-02-13 | Ti Training Corp | Disruptor device simulation system |
| CN103584851A (en) * | 2013-10-24 | 2014-02-19 | 燕山大学 | Multichannel neuron signal collection controlling and transmission device |
| CN204204297U (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2015-03-11 | 潍坊医学院 | A kind of thyrocricocentesis training and examination model |
| CN204946452U (en) * | 2015-04-17 | 2016-01-06 | 江苏省人民医院 | A kind of surgery standardization knotting training and assessment device |
| CN106409042A (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2017-02-15 | 河北工业大学 | Portable self and mutual rescue training equipment |
| CN209103568U (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2019-07-12 | 深圳职业技术学院 | Venipuncture model |
| CN208877541U (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2019-05-21 | 张骐 | A kind of Medical anesthetic system |
| CN110037695A (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2019-07-23 | 河南翔宇医疗设备股份有限公司 | A kind of swallowing training instrument |
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Application publication date: 20201225 |