CN112133168A - Small portable entity teaching aid for torsional stress distribution of material mechanics - Google Patents
Small portable entity teaching aid for torsional stress distribution of material mechanics Download PDFInfo
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- CN112133168A CN112133168A CN202011117189.4A CN202011117189A CN112133168A CN 112133168 A CN112133168 A CN 112133168A CN 202011117189 A CN202011117189 A CN 202011117189A CN 112133168 A CN112133168 A CN 112133168A
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008451 emotion Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005483 Hooke's law Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/06—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics
- G09B23/08—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for statics or dynamics
- G09B23/10—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for statics or dynamics of solid bodies
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Abstract
The invention discloses a small portable entity teaching aid for torsional stress distribution of material mechanics, which comprises a rack, wherein a round shaft penetrates through the rack, and a left disc and a right disc are respectively sleeved on the left side and the right side of the surface of the round shaft and positioned on the inner side of the rack. The device is provided with the frame, the chamfer plain washer, the left disc, the right disc, the compression spring, the round shaft, the two-way and deformation characteristic indicating plate, so that the phenomenon of the torsional deformation of the round shaft can be visually and vividly displayed, and students can conveniently observe and understand the phenomenon. Meanwhile, the safety is high in practical teaching, the device can stay at any deformation stage, the artificial controllability is high, and the device can be more easily matched with the operation and formula explanation of teachers. Because the material is acrylic plate, the teaching aid has strong intuition at 360 degrees, abstract symbols in the formula are specifically represented on an entity teaching aid in an imaging simulation mode, the abstract symbols are visually understood through the rotation process of the teaching aid, and the daunting emotion of students caused by the derivation of a large number of high-number formulas on material mechanics is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of teaching aids, in particular to a small portable entity teaching aid for torsional stress distribution of material mechanics.
Background
The material mechanics is an important professional basic course of engineering major such as machinery, materials, civil engineering and the like, and is a classic mechanics course, the material mechanics has strong theoretical performance, the basic concept of mechanics is abstract, and particularly four basic deformations of stretching or compression, shearing, torsion and bending are difficult to understand and accept by students without adopting a more visual description and teaching method.
According to incomplete statistics, there are over thirty basic formulas in Material mechanics, wherein more formulas are involved in stress analysis, and some formulas are easy to be confused, such as polar inertia moment used when a circular shaft is twisted
Coefficient of torsional section
Moment of inertia for beam bending
Flexural modulus of section
The formulas are similar in form, and students can easily wear the hat.
In the derivation of stress models and formulas in material mechanics, the learning is still difficult to understand and memorize only by depending on auxiliary methodologies such as classroom conventional blackboard writing and video teaching, and the learning often generates a daunting emotion to the material mechanics after entering stress learning, thereby generating a idea of giving up a material mechanics course. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a corresponding portable teaching and assisting tool according to the teaching requirement in the stress part in the material mechanics, so that a teacher or a student can demonstrate and observe the torsional deformation of the material by himself, and the participation enthusiasm and the learning interest of the student in the course learning process are improved.
The market research in the early stage shows that no matter the physical market or the network sales platform provides stress demonstration physical models or teaching aids for demonstrating torsional deformation for teaching, the stress demonstration physical models or teaching aids are not found. Therefore, for technicians and teachers in the field, a small-sized material mechanics teaching aid capable of visually displaying the material torsion deformation characteristic in front of students is yet to be developed, so that the purposes of exciting the interests of the students, highlighting the key points of teaching, optimizing the structure of a teaching classroom and effectively improving the teaching quality and efficiency are achieved.
The patent with application number 2013204220514 (named as an improved thin-wall cylinder torsion teaching aid) discloses a technical scheme, which is characterized in that: the two circular plates with the same radius are connected by a plurality of steel wires which are parallel to each other, two ends of each steel wire are respectively and fixedly connected to the edges of the two circular plates, the connecting points are uniformly distributed on the edges of the circular plates, and stress distribution is marked on the circular plates. The steel wire can be used for characterizing longitudinal fibers when the thin wall is twisted, the disc can represent a twisted cross section, and stress distribution on the cross section is indicated along the diameter direction. The strain occurring in the longitudinal fibers is visually observed by the rotation of the central axis of the disc. Meanwhile, the diameter shown on the cross section still keeps a straight line after being deformed, and the straight line corresponds to the stress derivation formula condition. By adopting the technical scheme, students can visually see the change of the cross section and the longitudinal fiber in the deformation process, understand the relation between the deformation and the internal force and stress, and further understand the derivation process of the torsional stress formula.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a small portable entity teaching aid for torsional stress distribution of material mechanics, which has the advantages of intuitively and vividly displaying the phenomenon of torsional deformation of a circular shaft so as to be convenient for students to observe and understand, having higher safety in practical teaching, being capable of staying at any deformation stage, having strong artificial controllability, being more easily matched with the operation of teachers and formula explanation, and solving the problem of daunting emotion of the students on the material mechanics due to the derivation of a large number of high-number formulas.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: material mechanics torsional stress distributes small-size portable entity teaching aid, which comprises a frame, run through in the frame and be provided with the circle axle, the left side and the right side on circle axle surface just are located the inboard of frame and are equipped with left disc and right disc respectively, the left side on circle axle surface just is located the cover between frame and the left disc and is equipped with the chamfer plain washer, the right side on circle axle surface just is located the cover between frame and the right disc and is equipped with the plain washer, the both sides on circle axle surface just are located the cover between left disc and the right disc and are equipped with compression spring, the right side on right side disc surface is pasted and is had deformation characteristic and signal the board, the right side of circle axle is the L type, the top and the bottom on circle axle right side are through.
Preferably, the frame includes bottom plate and riser, and the bolt hole has all been seted up to the four corners of bottom plate bottom surface and the front side and the rear side of riser bottom surface, and the bottom plate carries out fixed connection through the bolt through-hole with the riser.
Preferably, the circular shaft is made of PVC (polyvinyl chloride), the joint of the left side of the surface of the circular shaft and the rack is in interference fit, and the joint of the right side of the surface of the circular shaft and the rack is in clearance fit.
Preferably, the inner cavities of the left disc and the right disc are in interference fit with the surface of the circular shaft, and the outer sides of the compression springs are respectively in contact with the left disc and the right disc.
Preferably, the plain washer is located the right side that warp the characteristic and indicate the board, the material of frame, left disc and right disc is PMMA material i.e. polymethyl methacrylate, all transversely run through on left disc and the right disc and seted up 35 through-holes, left disc and right disc correspond the through-hole and are parallel with the frame, wear out in the sky along corresponding with the polyethylene line.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention can visually and vividly show the phenomenon of torsional deformation of the circular shaft by the matching use of the frame, the chamfering flat washer, the left disc, the right disc, the compression spring, the circular shaft, the two-way and the deformation characteristic indicating plate, so that students can conveniently observe and understand the phenomenon, meanwhile, the safety is higher in practical teaching, the teaching aid can stay at any deformation stage, the artificial controllability is strong, the teaching aid can be more easily matched with the operation and formula explanation of teachers, the teaching aid has strong intuition at 360 degrees because the adopted materials are acrylic plates and the like, abstract symbols in the formula are specifically vividly simulated and expressed on an entity teaching aid, the teaching aid can be visually understood through the rotating process of the teaching aid, the fearful emotion of the students on material mechanics caused by the derivation of a large number of formulas is greatly reduced, and the teaching aid is worthy.
2. The invention adopts PVC material which is common in the market, namely polyvinyl chloride, through arranging the circular shaft, has better tensile, bending, compression and impact resistance, adopts PMMA material, namely polymethyl methacrylate, through arranging the frame, the left disc and the right disc, is an important plastic high polymer material which is developed earlier, has better transparency, chemical stability and weather resistance, is easy to dye, is easy to process, has beautiful appearance, and can observe the material torsion phenomenon without dead angle of 360 degrees.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a two-way structure of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a circular shaft configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic plate structure diagram of a deformation feature of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the variation of the object when torsional deformation occurs.
In the figure: the device comprises a rack 1, a chamfer plain washer 2, a plain washer 3, a left disk 4, a right disk 5, a compression spring 6, a circular shaft 7, a two-way shaft 8 and a deformation characteristic indicating plate 9.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-7, a small portable entity teaching aid for torsional stress distribution in material mechanics comprises a frame 1, the frame 1 comprises a bottom plate and a vertical plate, bolt holes are respectively formed in four corners of the bottom surface of the bottom plate and the front side and the rear side of the bottom surface of the vertical plate, the bottom plate and the vertical plate are fixedly connected through the bolt holes, a circular shaft 7 is arranged on the frame 1 in a penetrating manner, the circular shaft 7 is made of PVC (polyvinyl chloride), the joint of the left side of the surface of the circular shaft 7 and the frame 1 is in interference fit, the joint of the right side of the surface of the circular shaft 7 and the frame 1 is in clearance fit, the circular shaft 7 is made of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) commonly used in the market and has good tensile, bending, compression and impact resistance capabilities, a left disc 4 and a right disc 5 are respectively sleeved on the left side and the right side of the surface of the circular shaft 7 and positioned on the inner sides of the frame 1, inner cavities of the, the outer side of a compression spring 6 is respectively contacted with a left disc 4 and a right disc 5, a chamfer plain washer 2 is sleeved on the left side of the surface of a round shaft 7 and positioned between a rack 1 and the left disc 4, the side with smaller area of the chamfer plain washer 2 is contacted with the right disc 5, so that smaller friction force is ensured to be present between the two, the rotation is convenient, a plain washer 3 is sleeved on the right side of the surface of the round shaft 7 and positioned between the rack 1 and the right disc 5, the rack 1, the left disc 4 and the right disc 5 are made of PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) materials, the PMMA materials are important plastic high polymer materials which are developed earlier, the PMMA materials have better transparency, chemical stability and weather resistance, the dyeing is easy, the processing is easy, the appearance is attractive, the material torsion phenomenon can be observed without dead angles at 360 degrees, the compression spring 6 is sleeved on the two sides of the surface of the round shaft 7 and positioned between the left disc 4 and the right disc 5, a deformation characteristic indicating plate, the flat washer 3 is positioned on the right side of the deformation characteristic indicating plate 9, the frame 1, the left disc 4 and the right disc 5 are all made of PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate), 35 through holes are transversely formed in the left disc 4 and the right disc 5 in a penetrating manner, the through holes corresponding to the left disc 4 and the right disc 5 are parallel to the frame 1 and penetrate out of the frame along the corresponding air by polyethylene wires, the right side of the circular shaft 7 is L-shaped, the top and the bottom of the right side of the circular shaft 7 are fixedly connected through a two-way pipe 8, through the matching use of the frame 1, the chamfer plain washer 2, the plain washer 3, the left disc 4, the right disc 5, the compression spring 6, the round shaft 7, the two-way pipe 8 and the deformation characteristic indicating plate 9, the phenomenon of the torsional deformation of the round shaft can be visually and vividly displayed so as to be convenient for students to observe and understand, meanwhile, the safety is high in practical teaching, the manual controllability is strong, and the operation and formula explanation of teachers can be more easily matched. Because the material is acrylic plate, the teaching aid has strong intuition at 360 degrees, abstract symbols in the formula are specifically represented on an entity teaching aid in an imaging simulation mode, the abstract symbols are visually understood through the rotation process of the teaching aid, and the daunting emotion of students caused by the derivation of a large number of high-number formulas on material mechanics is greatly reduced. The invention aims to provide a small-sized portable entity teaching aid for a material mechanics teacher to use in teaching material mechanics torsional stress distribution in class, which not only needs the teaching aid with simple structure and low cost and can stimulate the learning interest of students, but also needs to solve the microscopic to macroscopic process associated with a complex formula, solve the teaching difficulty in torsional stress teaching, optimize the teaching class structure and really solve the fearing and difficult emotion of students from the idea;
as shown in FIG. 5, when the user rotates the circular shaft, an external couple M is generated
M＝Fd
As shown in fig. 7, when the object is twisted,
the static relationship is:
T＝∫AρτρdA (1)
shear hooke's law:
τρ＝Gγρ (2)
deformation geometry relation:
is represented by the formulae (1), (2) and (3):
wherein T is the cross-sectional torque
IPPolar moment of inertia of cross section to center of circle
Rho is the distance from the stress point to the center of the circle
That is, it can be seen that the maximum shear stress is at the edge of the circular section, and ρ is taken as the maximum value R
The cross-sectional shear stress distribution in torsion can be seen as shown in fig. 6.
As shown in figure 1, the left disc 4 fixedly rotates the right disc 5 to drive polyethylene filaments among the discs to generate torsional deformation, the filaments represent deformation generated when a cylinder generates torsional deformation and internal transverse fibers are subjected to torsional stress, when the right disc 5 rotates, the left disc 4 approaches to the left, the compression spring 6 on the circular shaft 7 can enable the right disc 5 to automatically recover without acting force, the PMMA material with good toughness and good transparency is selected on the material, the PMMA material is not easy to damage, the repairability is strong, the teaching aid is simple in structure, students can observe stress change conditions conveniently, and students can well learn knowledge in related aspects.
During the use, at first, the right hand rotates circle axle 7 gently along a certain direction, produces the external couple through circle axle 7, and circle axle 7 drives right disc 5, just can demonstrate that the shape of lines changes, can audio-visually observe torsional deformation according to the deformation of lines, and the compression spring 6 of cover can restrict the disc on circle axle 7, guarantees that the disc is random and takes place the displacement along circle axle 7, and after the observation, compression spring 6 can produce elasticity and make right disc 5 resume original state.
During the use, at first, the right hand rotates circle axle 7 gently along a certain direction, produces the external couple through circle axle 7, and circle axle 7 drives right disc 5, just can demonstrate that the shape of lines changes, can audio-visually observe torsional deformation according to the deformation of lines, and the compression spring 6 of cover can restrict the disc on circle axle 7, guarantees that the disc is random and takes place the displacement along circle axle 7, and after the observation, compression spring 6 can produce elasticity and make right disc 5 resume original state.
All parts used in the application document are standard parts and can be purchased from the market, and the specific connection mode of all parts adopts conventional means such as bolts, rivets, welding and the like mature in the prior art, and detailed description is not given here.
In summary, the following steps: this small-size portable entity teaching aid of material mechanics torsional stress distribution, through setting up frame 1, chamfer plain washer 2, plain washer 3, left disc 4, right disc 5, compression spring 6, circle axle 7, two-way 8 and deformation characteristic signal board 9's cooperation use, all materials and teaching aid shape are all not dangerous, it pushes away the middle to the point to show the formula directly perceived, internal force is to the relation of stress, let the formula visualization, solved the student and appeared daunting the mood and the teacher demonstrates the unsafe problem of using in the study material mechanics in-process.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. Material mechanics torsional stress distributes small-size portable entity teaching aid, including frame (1), its characterized in that: run through on frame (1) and be provided with circle axle (7), the inboard that the left side and the right side on circle axle (7) surface just are located frame (1) is equipped with left disc (4) and right disc (5) respectively, the left side on circle axle (7) surface just is located and is equipped with chamfer plain washer (2) between frame (1) and left disc (4), the right side on circle axle (7) surface just is located and is equipped with plain washer (3) between frame (1) and right disc (5), the both sides on circle axle (7) surface just are located and are equipped with compression spring (6) between left disc (4) and right disc (5), the right side on right disc (5) surface is pasted and is had deformation characteristic sign board (9), the right side of circle axle (7) is the L type, top and bottom on circle axle (7) right side are through two-way (8) fixed connection.
2. The small portable solid teaching aid for torsional stress distribution in material mechanics according to claim 1, wherein: the machine frame (1) comprises a bottom plate and vertical plates, bolt holes are formed in four corners of the bottom surface of the bottom plate and in front and rear sides of the bottom surface of each vertical plate, and the bottom plate and the vertical plates are fixedly connected through bolt holes.
3. The small portable solid teaching aid for torsional stress distribution in material mechanics according to claim 1, wherein: the round shaft (7) is made of PVC (polyvinyl chloride), the joint of the left side of the surface of the round shaft (7) and the rack (1) is in interference fit, and the joint of the right side of the surface of the round shaft (7) and the rack (1) is in clearance fit.
4. The small portable solid teaching aid for torsional stress distribution in material mechanics according to claim 1, wherein: the inner cavities of the left disc (4) and the right disc (5) are in interference fit with the surface of the circular shaft (7), and the outer side of the compression spring (6) is in contact with the left disc (4) and the right disc (5) respectively.
5. The small portable solid teaching aid for torsional stress distribution in material mechanics according to claim 1, wherein: the plain washer (3) are located the right side that the deformation characteristic indicates board (9), the material of frame (1), left disc (4) and right disc (5) is the PMMA material promptly polymethyl methacrylate, all transversely run through on left side disc (4) and the right disc (5) and seted up 35 through-holes, left side disc (4) and right disc (5) correspond the through-hole and are parallel with frame (1), wear out in the air along corresponding with the polyethylene line.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011117189.4A CN112133168A (en) | 2020-10-19 | 2020-10-19 | Small portable entity teaching aid for torsional stress distribution of material mechanics |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011117189.4A CN112133168A (en) | 2020-10-19 | 2020-10-19 | Small portable entity teaching aid for torsional stress distribution of material mechanics |
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| CN203588525U (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2014-05-07 | 重庆工业职业技术学院 | Teaching aid for demonstrating torsional deformation of solid rectangular-cross section bar |
| CN104483206A (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2015-04-01 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Device and method for measuring shearing property of transverse isotropic material |
| CN204406820U (en) * | 2015-01-30 | 2015-06-17 | 山东星科智能科技股份有限公司 | A kind of torsion tests teaching mode |
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2020
- 2020-10-19 CN CN202011117189.4A patent/CN112133168A/en active Pending
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| CN103308227A (en) * | 2013-06-14 | 2013-09-18 | 西安工程大学 | Combined photoelectric torque measurement device and measurement method |
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Application publication date: 20201225 |