CN112132447B - Block chain-based algorithm for evaluating and guaranteeing trust of computing power network - Google Patents
Block chain-based algorithm for evaluating and guaranteeing trust of computing power network Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The block chain-based algorithm for evaluating and guaranteeing trust of the computing power network is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method for registering the user identity of the computing power network based on the block chain comprises the following steps: the user in the power computing network comprises a power computing provider and a power computing consumer, and identity registration is required to be completed when the power computing consumer joins the power computing network; when the computing power provider joins the computing power network, identity registration and computing power service registration are required to be completed; step (2) a block chain-based computing power service registration and perception mechanism method: step (3) a block chain-based algorithm network transaction mechanism method: and (4) a credit evaluation mechanism method based on the block chain. The invention establishes a detailed trust evaluation and guarantee system of the computing power network from a plurality of dimensionalities such as identity trust, behavior trust and the like of users and resources, and provides support for trust and safety management of the computing power network.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of information, in particular to a block chain-based algorithm for evaluating and guaranteeing trust of a computing power network.
Background
With the development of 5G and artificial intelligence, in future society, computing power of many different scales can be spread over different distances close to users, and various personalized services can be provided for the users through a global network. From a billion-magnitude intelligent terminal to a global billion-magnitude home gateway, thousands of edge clouds with computing capability brought by future MECs in each city and billions of large-scale cloud DCs in each country, massive ubiquitous computing power is formed to access the Internet from everywhere, a cloud, side and end three-level computing power architecture is formed, and a development trend of computing and network depth fusion is formed.
However, with the general trend of network and computing convergence, deployment and collaboration of computing forces exposes the following problems:
(1) Efficient collaboration between edge compute nodes is lacking. In the scenes of edge calculation and even ubiquitous calculation, the computational power resources of the single sites are limited, the edge sites are not mutually perceived, cannot work cooperatively, and the calculation tasks cannot be scheduled to the optimal edge nodes for calculation.
(2) Computing lacks efficient synergy with the network. The traditional scheduling scheme, such as the current cloud network convergence scheme, is characterized in that a service application layer and a network are decoupled, the application layer cannot accurately master the state of the network in real time, the comprehensive performance of an addressing result mainly based on the application layer may not be optimal or even poor, network load imbalance is caused, the service cannot be scheduled to an optimal edge node service, and service experience is poor.
(3) Cloud computing and edge computing lack efficient synergy. Initially, edge calculation aims at compensating for some short plates of center cloud calculation in the partial application scene at the current stage; in the future, "cloud edge collaboration" will become an important development trend. Today, the practical application of 5G edge computing is landed successively, but cloud edge collaboration is still in the exploration stage.
Under the background, the industry proposes a novel resource integration scheme of 'power network', namely, power information, storage information, algorithm information and the like of a network distribution service node are combined with information such as network states (such as paths and time delays) and the like to provide an optimal resource distribution and network connection scheme aiming at customer demands and realize the optimal use of the whole network resources.
However, there are still many problems to be solved in the power network as an emerging concept. For example, how to guarantee trusted access to computing resources, how to judge whether the originator of a service request is trusted; in addition, users need to frequently use computing resources and services in a computing power network, so how to conduct trusted service transactions between computing power providers and computing power consumers is also an unresolved important issue. While parties are actively pushing into the research of the computing network, the computing network still lacks mature security mechanisms similar to those of cloud computing, which increases the security risk of participants and relates to whether the computing network really goes to the application.
Based on the problems, the patent aims to develop key technical research of the computational power network based on the blockchain by means of the characteristics of decentralization, traceability, non-falsification, safety, reliability and the like of the blockchain technology, and designs a computational power network trust evaluation and guarantee mechanism based on the blockchain aiming at the safe and reliable problems possibly existing in the processes of user identity registration and authentication, computational power service registration and authentication, computational power perception, computational power scheduling and transaction and the like.
As shown in fig. 1, the chinese telecommunications establishes a test environment based on novel technologies such as SDN, NFV, AI and cloud computing based on the previous theoretical research, and designs an AI power network system capable of providing flexible resource scheduling for AI applications in combination with an AI enabled platform, and its architecture is shown in fig. 1. The system architecture mainly comprises 4 parts: an algorithm network management orchestration system, an enabling platform, edge/core DC, and network infrastructure. In addition, the AI power network adopts a transaction flow similar to the power grid transaction, and a user orders the power resource according to the steps of 'providing a demand-providing an alternative scheme by the power network transaction platform-selecting the scheme by the user-scheduling the resource by the power network transaction platform-settling after the transaction is finished', so as to obtain corresponding service. The AI algorithm network can automatically analyze the grading requirements set forth by the user and allocate appropriate basic resources. An example of the AI-force network transaction process flow is shown in figure 2.
In the technology, the proposed AI (automatic teller machine) power network framework intensively considers the problems of cloud, network and edge three-level power depth fusion and flexible scheduling, but does not consider the problem of safety and reliability in the power network. Under the scene that a large number of heterogeneous resources are accessed and the computing resources of the computing power network are frequently used by users, the problem of the security and the credibility of the computing power network mainly comprises the credible identity authentication of the users, the credible access of the heterogeneous computing power resources, the credible service of the computing power resources, the efficient and credible transaction and settlement of the computing power service and the like.
As shown in fig. 3, the edge computing system is optimized for user application demand characteristics based on one of the core challenges of edge computing, namely privacy trust and security assurance. By integrating 3 aspects of identity trust, behavior trust and capability trust of users and resources into comprehensive trust, an evaluation system based on the comprehensive trust is constructed, and a resource optimization scheduling algorithm based on the comprehensive trust is designed and realized: a Mobile Resource Aware (MRA) scheduling algorithm that utilizes trust evaluation to ensure edge computing resource management and collaborative optimization.
The integrated trust level proposed by the technique in fig. 3 is applicable to edge computing scenarios, but not entirely applicable to computing network scenarios. The second prior art merely proposes the concept of identity trust and does not give a specific solution as to how identity trust is achieved. Secondly, an evaluation scheme for behavior trust and capability trust is too brief in the second prior art, evaluation dimensions are too simple, and performance of the scheme under the conditions of reentry attack, collusion and unfair rating is not verified. In addition, the technology does not develop research on the transmission and storage of the trust degree, and the characteristics of traceability, non-falsification and the like of the trust degree are not guaranteed. In summary, the solution does not fundamentally solve the trust problem of edge computation.
Disclosure of Invention
The block chain-based trust evaluation and guarantee algorithm for the computing power network establishes a detailed trust evaluation and guarantee system for the computing power network from multiple dimensions such as identity trust, behavior trust and the like of users and resources, and provides support for trust and security management of the computing power network.
The present invention will address these security and trust issues, and is now under investigation. Aiming at the possible safe and reliable problems of the computing network in user identity registration and authentication, computing service registration and authentication, computing perception, computing scheduling and transaction, the invention designs a computing network user identity registration mechanism, a computing service registration and perception mechanism, a computing network transaction mechanism and a computing service credit assessment mechanism based on a blockchain respectively by means of a blockchain technology, thereby providing a solution for computing network safe and reliable.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a block chain-based algorithm for evaluating and guaranteeing trust of a computing power network comprises the following steps:
the method for registering the user identity of the computing power network based on the block chain comprises the following steps:
the user in the power computing network comprises a power computing provider and a power computing consumer, and identity registration is required to be completed when the power computing consumer joins the power computing network; when the computing power provider joins the computing power network, identity registration and computing power service registration are required to be completed;
step (2) a block chain-based computing power service registration and perception mechanism method:
step (3) a block chain-based algorithm network transaction mechanism method:
step (4) a reputation evaluation mechanism method based on block chains: by utilizing traceability of the blockchain technology, the credit value of the computing power service can be obtained through historical transaction evaluation score calculation, single transaction evaluation score calculation is completed, and then a time-varying credit value calculation method based on forgetting factors is carried out on the basis.
The blockchain-based algorithm network user identity registration mechanism method of the step (1) comprises the following steps:
step (1.1) a user generates a digital certificate which needs to be in an international standard X.509 format, and an identifier is added in an extension item, so that the inquiry is facilitated; the private key corresponding to the certificate is stored at the user side;
step (1.2) the certificate user initiates an identity registration request to the computing power network arrangement management platform, wherein the request comprises a digital certificate of the user and information required for verifying the certificate; if the certificate entity user applies for a personal real name certificate, information for verifying the personal identity of the certificate entity user, such as resident identity information, is submitted;
step (1.3), collecting a certificate application request of a user by a computing power network arrangement management platform, verifying the validity of the certificate according to information submitted by the user, and judging whether the user has qualification of joining the computing power network by combining with a computing power network access rule;
step (1.4) if the judgment is successful, the user certificate is sent to any node in the blockchain network in the form of 'identification-certificate status'; if the registration fails, returning registration failure information to the user;
step (1.5) after the user certificate information is sent to the blockchain network, the verification node completes the certificate uplink operation; the verification node operates a preset block chain consensus mechanism, takes the identification-certificate state of all the current blocks which are not included as transaction records in the block chain, packages the transaction records into blocks, and sends the blocks to all the nodes of the block chain; after receiving the new block, other nodes in the network verify the correctness of the block and each record in the block, and if the record is correct, the new block is added into a distributed account book stored locally; otherwise discarding the new block;
step (1.6), after the block chain network finishes the certificate uplink operation, returning registration success information to the power network arrangement management platform; the power network orchestration management platform then announces identity registration success information to the user.
The block chain-based computing power service registration and perception mechanism method in the step (2) specifically comprises the following steps:
and (2.1) after the computing power provider finishes identity registration, continuing to send a computing power service registration request to the computing power network arrangement management platform. The registration request includes a certificate identifier, a certificate, calculation service information and request signature information. The computing force information includes static feature information and dynamic feature information. Static information is generally fixed when registering and is not easy to change, and mainly comprises service IP and port number, calculation node type, CPU/GPU performance, storage capacity, network interface bandwidth, charging standard and the like; the dynamic features mainly comprise some calculation load information which is updated at any time in the process of the calculation power transaction, such as the number of currently online service instances, CPU/GPU/memory utilization rate, current connection number and the like [5] 。
And (2.2) after receiving the computing power service registration request, the computing power network arrangement management platform inquires the blockchain node of the user certificate and the certificate state information stored in the distributed account book in the user registration stage according to the certificate identification.
And (2.3) after the user certificate information is obtained by the computing network arrangement management platform, firstly checking the validity and effectiveness of the digital qualification certificate information. Validity verification of a certificate includes whether the certificate is in a validity period, whether the certificate name is consistent with the claimed name, and the like; and secondly, checking signature information of the service registration request, and judging whether the registration request is sent by the user and whether the verification request is tampered in the transmission process. If the verification is passed, the computing power network arrangement management platform checks the computing power service to be registered according to the computing power network computing power service admittance rule.
Step (2.4) if the audit of the computing power service is passed, the following operations are performed: (1) and distributing service IDs for the computing power services according to the computing power service registration information and giving initial reputation values of the services. The initial reputation value can be determined according to the real name condition of the user, the reputation value is changed along with the user evaluation after the transaction of the computer power service, and the content of the reputation value evaluation is detailed in a 'reputation evaluation mechanism based on block chains' described in the fourth section; (2) transmitting the credit value of the computing power service to the blockchain node in the form of identification-service ID-initial credit value, and completing the storage of credit value information in the blockchain by the verification node; (3) storing the computing power service information into a computing power service registry; (4) the user is returned with the information of successful registration of the computing service.
And (2.5) if the verification or the calculation service in the step (2.3) is not passed, returning registration failure information to the user.
The step (2.5) further comprises the following steps:
after the service is started, the periodic heartbeat is still required to be sent to the power network arrangement management platform at regular intervals, and the calculation load information is updated; if the computing power sensing module does not receive the periodic heartbeat from the service, the computing power sensing module is triggered to delete the instance in the registry.
The block chain-based algorithm network transaction mechanism method in the step (3) specifically comprises the following steps:
step (3.1), the power consumption initiates a service request to a power network arrangement management platform, wherein the service request comprises service demand information, a certificate identifier of a user and service request signature information;
step (3.2), after the power network arrangement management platform receives the service request, inquiring the certificate information of the user from the blockchain according to the certificate identifier;
and (3.3) after the certificate information of the user is obtained, the computing network arrangement management platform checks the validity and the validity of the digital qualification certificate information and the service request signature information. The verification is the same as the verification in the computing power service registration;
after the user identity information passes verification, the power computing network arrangement management platform selects a power computing service scheduling strategy (the scheduling strategy should consider the comprehensive demands of users on power computing, network, price and power computing service reputation value) according to the service demand information in the user request, and performs power computing service scheduling decision to match the best power computing provider with network connection for the users;
step (3.5), after the power network arrangement management platform completes the scheduling decision, making a service electronic contract for both transaction parties; the content of the service electronic contract comprises an account power consumer, an account power provider, resource demand information, charging standards (such as charging according to the time length or the calling times of application deployment), service after-sale clause information and the like;
step (3.6), after the power network arrangement management platform generates the service electronic contract, the contract is sequentially sent to the user and the service provider, the two parties sign the contract in the form of authorization signature, and the contract information after authorization signature is returned to the arrangement management platform; inquiring the certificate information of the user from the blockchain by the arrangement management platform according to the certificate identifier, extracting a public key in the certificate, and checking contract information of the authorization signature;
after the verification of the step (3.7) is passed, the contract information is sent to the blockchain node and stored in the blockchain distributed ledger;
step (3.8) maintaining the service electronic contract through the blockchain intelligent contract, wherein the contract maintenance comprises: after the transaction is finished, (1) carrying out transaction clearing and tariff transfer according to the charging standard in the contract; (2) and collecting the scores of the users on the providers of the current transaction, grading the services of the providers by a supervision mechanism according to the contents of the service contract and the completion degree of the providers, obtaining the evaluation scores of the current transaction of the providers based on the two scores, and calculating and updating the reputation value of the providers according to a time-varying reputation value calculation method based on forgetting factors.
The reputation evaluation mechanism method based on the blockchain in the step (4) specifically comprises the following steps:
the method of evaluating the score for the single transaction in the step (4.1):
single transaction evaluation by user evaluation E trader Regulatory agency evaluation E reg Two parts are formed;
the set of user evaluation factors may be represented as d= { D 1 ,d 2 ,d 3 ,...,d n (n is the dimension of the evaluation factor, the evaluation factor may be the degree of completion of calculation, time consumption, reasonable price, etc.), and the weight set of each evaluation factor may be expressed as w= { W 1 ,w 2 ,w 3 ,...,w n An evaluation level space may be defined as u= { U } 1 ,u 2 ,u 3 ,u 4 ,u 5 ,u 6 }, u therein 1 ,u 2 ,...,u 6 Representing very unsatisfactory, satisfactory, very satisfactory, respectively, the corresponding quantized values 0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1; if the user rates the transaction factors as R= { R 1 ,r 2 ,r 3 ,...,r n |r n E U, the user's rating score for a transaction may be expressed as:
E mader ＝W*R＝(s 1 ，s 2 ，...，s n )；
in addition, each time a transaction is completed, the regulatory agency compares the completion of the provider with the various indicators agreed by the service contract and gives an evaluation score E to the service reg ；
Identifying the transaction in terms of time, the score obtained by the transaction completed at time t may be expressed as:
E seller (t)＝wf 1 ×Rep trader (t)+wf 2 ×Rep reg (t)
where wf1, wf2 are weight factors for the evaluation component; the weighting factors may be adjusted based on the particular transaction type;
time-varying reputation value calculating method based on forgetting factor in step (4.2)
Based on the definition of Gambetta on trust, a time-varying reputation value calculation method based on forgetting factors is adopted in the text so as to adapt to an algorithm network transaction event; in this calculation method, the most recent transaction has a higher calculation weight than the previous transaction;
as can be seen from the description of the single transaction evaluation score, the provider at t 0 -t n The evaluation score of each transaction completed over time may be represented as E seller (t 0 ),E seller (t 1 ),……,E seller (t n ) The evaluation scores are weighted and accumulated to obtain the provider at t n Reputation value R (t) n ) This can be expressed as:
weight value β (t) n T) due to the forgetting property in time, i.e. the distance t n The transaction evaluation score which is closer in time has a higher weight value, so that the transaction evaluation score is called forgetting factor; beta (t) should be a function of attenuation with increasing time, e.g. beta (t) =e -f(t) 。
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention researches the key technologies of the computing network such as the computing network user identity registration and authentication, the computing service registration, the authentication and perception, the computing network transaction mechanism, the computing network credit evaluation mechanism and the like under the centralized computing network architecture by means of the characteristics of decentralization, traceability, non-falsification, safety, reliability and the like of the blockchain, effectively prevents the disfiguring actions such as reentry attack, collusion attack, unfair rating and the like, ensures the trusted access of users and computing resources and the trusted transaction of a computing provider and a computing consumer, and provides support for trust evaluation and guarantee of the computing network.
Blockchain-based computational network user identity registration and authentication mechanisms. The invention provides an identity registration and authentication mechanism of an account power resource provider and an account power network resource consumer in an account power network, which effectively prevents possible reentry attacks in account power network transactions.
Blockchain-based computing services registration and awareness mechanisms. The invention provides a registration and perception mechanism of the computational power service in the computational power network, ensures the trusted access of heterogeneous resources and provides the trusted access guarantee for the computational power network.
A blockchain-based algorithm network transaction mechanism.
The invention provides a trusted transaction mechanism in a power network, which is based on the scheduling of a power network arrangement management platform and combines with a blockchain intelligent contract to ensure the trusted transaction and the trusted settlement of the power network.
A reputation evaluation mechanism based on blockchain. The invention provides a forgetting factor-based evaluation mechanism for credit values of the power network, which effectively prevents collusion attack and unfair rating possibly suffered in the process of the power network transaction and ensures the trusted transaction of the power network.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art AI computing network framework.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a prior art AI network service processing flow.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an edge computing trust assurance architecture of the prior art.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a user registration process of the computing network of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a power network power service registration process according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a transaction flow of the power network according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 4 to 6, a blockchain-based algorithm for evaluating and guaranteeing trust of a computing power network includes the following steps:
the method for registering the user identity of the computing power network based on the block chain comprises the following steps:
the user in the power computing network comprises a power computing provider and a power computing consumer, and identity registration is required to be completed when the power computing consumer joins the power computing network; when the computing power provider joins the computing power network, identity registration and computing power service registration are required to be completed;
step (2) a block chain-based computing power service registration and perception mechanism method:
step (3) a block chain-based algorithm network transaction mechanism method:
step (4) a reputation evaluation mechanism method based on block chains: by utilizing traceability of the blockchain technology, the credit value of the computing power service can be obtained through historical transaction evaluation score calculation, single transaction evaluation score calculation is completed, and then a time-varying credit value calculation method based on forgetting factors is carried out on the basis.
The blockchain-based algorithm network user identity registration mechanism method of the step (1) comprises the following steps:
step (1.1) a user generates a digital certificate which needs to be in an international standard X.509 format, and an identifier is added in an extension item, so that the inquiry is facilitated; the private key corresponding to the certificate is stored at the user side;
step (1.2) the certificate user initiates an identity registration request to the computing power network arrangement management platform, wherein the request comprises a digital certificate of the user and information required for verifying the certificate; if the certificate entity user applies for a personal real name certificate, information for verifying the personal identity of the certificate entity user, such as resident identity information, is submitted;
step (1.3), collecting a certificate application request of a user by a computing power network arrangement management platform, verifying the validity of the certificate according to information submitted by the user, and judging whether the user has qualification of joining the computing power network by combining with a computing power network access rule;
step (1.4) if the judgment is successful, the user certificate is sent to any node in the blockchain network in the form of 'identification-certificate status'; if the registration fails, returning registration failure information to the user;
step (1.5) after the user certificate information is sent to the blockchain network, the verification node completes the certificate uplink operation; the verification node operates a preset block chain consensus mechanism, takes the identification-certificate state of all the current blocks which are not included as transaction records in the block chain, packages the transaction records into blocks, and sends the blocks to all the nodes of the block chain; after receiving the new block, other nodes in the network verify the correctness of the block and each record in the block, and if the record is correct, the new block is added into a distributed account book stored locally; otherwise discarding the new block;
step (1.6), after the block chain network finishes the certificate uplink operation, returning registration success information to the power network arrangement management platform; the power network orchestration management platform then announces identity registration success information to the user.
The block chain-based computing power service registration and perception mechanism method in the step (2) specifically comprises the following steps:
and (2.1) after the computing power provider finishes identity registration, continuing to send a computing power service registration request to the computing power network arrangement management platform. The registration request includes a certificate identifier, a certificate, calculation service information and request signature information. The computing force information includes static feature information and dynamic feature information. Static information is generally fixed when registering and is not easy to change, and mainly comprises service IP and port number, calculation node type, CPU/GPU performance, storage capacity, network interface bandwidth, charging standard and the like; the dynamic features mainly comprise some calculation load information which is updated at any time in the process of the calculation power transaction, such as the number of currently online service instances, CPU/GPU/memory utilization rate, current connection number and the like [5] 。
And (2.2) after receiving the computing power service registration request, the computing power network arrangement management platform inquires the blockchain node of the user certificate and the certificate state information stored in the distributed account book in the user registration stage according to the certificate identification.
And (2.3) after the user certificate information is obtained by the computing network arrangement management platform, firstly checking the validity and effectiveness of the digital qualification certificate information. Validity verification of a certificate includes whether the certificate is in a validity period, whether the certificate name is consistent with the claimed name, and the like; and secondly, checking signature information of the service registration request, and judging whether the registration request is sent by the user and whether the verification request is tampered in the transmission process. If the verification is passed, the computing power network arrangement management platform checks the computing power service to be registered according to the computing power network computing power service admittance rule.
Step (2.4) if the audit of the computing power service is passed, the following operations are performed: (1) and distributing service IDs for the computing power services according to the computing power service registration information and giving initial reputation values of the services. The initial reputation value can be determined according to the real name condition of the user, the reputation value is changed along with the user evaluation after the transaction of the computer power service, and the content of the reputation value evaluation is detailed in a 'reputation evaluation mechanism based on block chains' described in the fourth section; (2) transmitting the credit value of the computing power service to the blockchain node in the form of identification-service ID-initial credit value, and completing the storage of credit value information in the blockchain by the verification node; (3) storing the computing power service information into a computing power service registry; (4) the user is returned with the information of successful registration of the computing service.
And (2.5) if the verification or the calculation service in the step (2.3) is not passed, returning registration failure information to the user.
The step (2.5) further comprises the following steps:
after the service is started, the periodic heartbeat is still required to be sent to the power network arrangement management platform at regular intervals, and the calculation load information is updated; if the computing power sensing module does not receive the periodic heartbeat from the service, the computing power sensing module is triggered to delete the instance in the registry.
The block chain-based algorithm network transaction mechanism method in the step (3) specifically comprises the following steps:
step (3.1), the power consumption initiates a service request to a power network arrangement management platform, wherein the service request comprises service demand information, a certificate identifier of a user and service request signature information;
step (3.2), after the power network arrangement management platform receives the service request, inquiring the certificate information of the user from the blockchain according to the certificate identifier;
and (3.3) after the certificate information of the user is obtained, the computing network arrangement management platform checks the validity and the validity of the digital qualification certificate information and the service request signature information. The verification is the same as the verification in the computing power service registration;
after the user identity information passes verification, the power computing network arrangement management platform selects a power computing service scheduling strategy (the scheduling strategy should consider the comprehensive demands of users on power computing, network, price and power computing service reputation value) according to the service demand information in the user request, and performs power computing service scheduling decision to match the best power computing provider with network connection for the users;
step (3.5), after the power network arrangement management platform completes the scheduling decision, making a service electronic contract for both transaction parties; the content of the service electronic contract comprises an account power consumer, an account power provider, resource demand information, charging standards (such as charging according to the time length or the calling times of application deployment), service after-sale clause information and the like;
step (3.6), after the power network arrangement management platform generates the service electronic contract, the contract is sequentially sent to the user and the service provider, the two parties sign the contract in the form of authorization signature, and the contract information after authorization signature is returned to the arrangement management platform; inquiring the certificate information of the user from the blockchain by the arrangement management platform according to the certificate identifier, extracting a public key in the certificate, and checking contract information of the authorization signature;
after the verification of the step (3.7) is passed, the contract information is sent to the blockchain node and stored in the blockchain distributed ledger;
step (3.8) maintaining the service electronic contract through the blockchain intelligent contract, wherein the contract maintenance comprises: after the transaction is finished, (1) carrying out transaction clearing and tariff transfer according to the charging standard in the contract; (2) and collecting the scores of the users on the providers of the current transaction, grading the services of the providers by a supervision mechanism according to the contents of the service contract and the completion degree of the providers, obtaining the evaluation scores of the current transaction of the providers based on the two scores, and calculating and updating the reputation value of the providers according to a time-varying reputation value calculation method based on forgetting factors.
The reputation evaluation mechanism method based on the blockchain in the step (4) specifically comprises the following steps:
the method of evaluating the score for the single transaction in the step (4.1):
single transaction evaluation by user evaluation E trader Regulatory agency evaluation E reg Two parts are formed;
the set of user evaluation factors may be represented as d= { D 1 ,d 2 ,d 3 ,...,d n (n is the dimension of the evaluation factor, the evaluation factor may be the degree of completion of calculation, time consumption, reasonable price, etc.), and the weight set of each evaluation factor may be expressed as w= { W 1 ,w 2 ,w 3 ,...,w n An evaluation level space may be defined as u= { U } 1 ,u 2 ,u 3 ,u 4 ,u 5 ,u 6 }, u therein 1 ,u 2 ,...,u 6 Representing very unsatisfactory, satisfactory, very satisfactory, respectively, the corresponding quantized values 0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1; if the user rates the transaction factors as R= { R 1 ,r 2 ,r 3 ,...,r n |r n E U, the user's rating score for a transaction may be expressed as:
E mader ＝W*R＝(s 1 ，s 2 ，…，s n )；
in addition, each time a transaction is completed, the regulatory agency compares the completion of the provider with the various indicators agreed by the service contract and gives an evaluation score E to the service reg ；
Identifying the transaction in terms of time, the score obtained by the transaction completed at time t may be expressed as:
E seller (t)＝wf 1 ×Rep trader (t)+wf 2 ×Rep reg (t)
where wf1, wf2 are weight factors for the evaluation component; the weighting factors may be adjusted based on the particular transaction type;
time-varying reputation value calculating method based on forgetting factor in step (4.2)
Based on the definition of Gambetta on trust, a time-varying reputation value calculation method based on forgetting factors is adopted in the text so as to adapt to an algorithm network transaction event; in this calculation method, the most recent transaction has a higher calculation weight than the previous transaction;
as can be seen from the description of the single transaction evaluation score, the provider at t 0 -t n The evaluation score of each transaction completed over time may be represented as E seller (t 0 ),E seller (t 1 ),……,E seller (t n ) The evaluation scores are weighted and accumulated to obtain the provider at t n Reputation value R (t) n ) This can be expressed as:
weight value β (t) n T) due to the forgetting property in time, i.e. the distance t n The transaction evaluation score which is closer in time has a higher weight value, so that the transaction evaluation score is called forgetting factor; beta (t) should be a function of attenuation with increasing time, e.g. beta (t) =e -f(t) 。
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and that the above-described embodiments and descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the invention, and that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (3)
1. A block chain-based computing power network trust evaluation and guarantee method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method for registering the user identity of the computing power network based on the block chain comprises the following steps:
the user in the power computing network comprises a power computing provider and a power computing consumer, and identity registration is required to be completed when the power computing consumer joins the power computing network; when the computing power provider joins the computing power network, identity registration and computing power service registration are required to be completed;
step (2) a block chain-based computing power service registration and perception mechanism method:
step (3) a block chain-based algorithm network transaction mechanism method:
step (4) a reputation evaluation mechanism method based on block chains: the traceability of the blockchain technology is utilized, the credit value of the computing power service is obtained through historical transaction evaluation score calculation, the calculation of single transaction evaluation score is completed, and then a time-varying credit value calculation method based on forgetting factors is carried out on the basis;
the blockchain-based algorithm network user identity registration mechanism method of the step (1) comprises the following steps:
step (1.1) a user generates a digital certificate which needs to be in an international standard X.509 format, and an identifier is added in an extension item, so that the inquiry is facilitated; the private key corresponding to the certificate is stored at the user side;
step (1.2) the certificate user initiates an identity registration request to the computing power network arrangement management platform, wherein the request comprises a digital certificate of the user and information required for verifying the certificate; if the certificate entity user applies for a personal real name certificate, the information for confirming the personal identity of the user needs to be submitted;
step (1.3), collecting a certificate application request of a user by a computing power network arrangement management platform, verifying the validity of the certificate according to information submitted by the user, and judging whether the user has qualification of joining the computing power network by combining with a computing power network access rule;
step (1.4) if the judgment is successful, the user certificate is sent to any node in the blockchain network in the form of 'identification-certificate status'; if the registration fails, returning registration failure information to the user;
step (1.5) after the user certificate information is sent to the blockchain network, the verification node completes the certificate uplink operation; the verification node operates a preset block chain consensus mechanism, takes the identification-certificate state of all the current blocks which are not included as transaction records in the block chain, packages the transaction records into blocks, and sends the blocks to all the nodes of the block chain; after receiving the new block, other nodes in the network verify the correctness of the block and each record in the block, and if the record is correct, the new block is added into a distributed account book stored locally; otherwise discarding the new block;
step (1.6), after the block chain network finishes the certificate uplink operation, returning registration success information to the power network arrangement management platform; then, the computing power network arrangement management platform informs the user of successful identity registration information;
the block chain-based computing power service registration and perception mechanism method in the step (2) specifically comprises the following steps:
after the account force provider finishes identity registration, the account force service registration request is required to be continuously sent to the account force network arrangement management platform; the registration request comprises a certificate identifier, a certificate, calculation service information and request signature information; the computing force information comprises static characteristic information and dynamic characteristic information; static information is generally fixed when registering and is not easy to change, and mainly comprises service IP and port number, calculation node type, CPU/GPU performance, storage capacity, network interface bandwidth and charging standard; the dynamic characteristics mainly comprise some calculation load information, and the information is updated at any time in the process of the calculation power transaction;
after receiving the computing power service registration request, the computing power network arrangement management platform inquires the blockchain node of user certificates and certificate state information stored in the distributed account book in a user registration stage according to the certificate identification;
step (2.3), after the user certificate information is obtained by the computing power network arrangement management platform, firstly verifying the validity and effectiveness of the digital qualification certificate information; the validity verification of the certificate includes whether the certificate is in a validity period, and whether the certificate name is consistent with the claimed name; secondly, checking signature information of the service registration request, judging whether the registration request is sent by the user and whether the verification request is tampered in the transmission process; if the verification is passed, the computing power network arrangement management platform checks the computing power service to be registered according to the computing power network computing power service admittance rule;
step (2.4) if the audit of the computing power service is passed, the following operations are performed: (1) distributing service ID for the computing power service according to the computing power service registration information and giving an initial reputation value of the service; the initial reputation value is determined according to the real name condition of the user, and the reputation value is changed along with the user evaluation after the transaction of the computing power service; (2) transmitting the credit value of the computing power service to the blockchain node in the form of identification-service ID-initial credit value, and completing the storage of credit value information in the blockchain by the verification node; (3) storing the computing power service information into a computing power service registry; (4) returning information of successful registration of the computing power service to the user;
step (2.5) if the verification or the calculation service in the step (2.3) is not passed, returning registration failure information to the user;
the block chain-based algorithm network transaction mechanism method in the step (3) specifically comprises the following steps:
step (3.1), the power consumption initiates a service request to a power network arrangement management platform, wherein the service request comprises service demand information, a certificate identifier of a user and service request signature information;
step (3.2), after the power network arrangement management platform receives the service request, inquiring the certificate information of the user from the blockchain according to the certificate identifier;
step (3.3), after obtaining the user's certificate information, the computing power network arrangement management platform checks the validity and validity of the digital qualification certificate information and the service request signature information; the verification is the same as the verification in the computing power service registration;
after the user identity information passes verification, the power computing network arrangement management platform selects a power computing service scheduling strategy according to service demand information in the user request, and the scheduling strategy considers the comprehensive demands of the user on power computing, network, price and power computing service reputation value, so as to carry out power computing service scheduling decision and match the best power computing provider with network connection for the user;
step (3.5), after the power network arrangement management platform completes the scheduling decision, making a service electronic contract for both transaction parties; the content of the service electronic contract comprises an account force consumer, an account force provider, resource demand information, charging standards and after-service clause information;
step (3.6), after the power network arrangement management platform generates the service electronic contract, the contract is sequentially sent to the user and the service provider, the two parties sign the contract in the form of authorization signature, and the contract information after authorization signature is returned to the arrangement management platform; inquiring the certificate information of the user from the blockchain by the arrangement management platform according to the certificate identifier, extracting a public key in the certificate, and checking contract information of the authorization signature;
after the verification of the step (3.7) is passed, the contract information is sent to the blockchain node and stored in the blockchain distributed ledger;
step (3.8) maintaining the service electronic contract through the blockchain intelligent contract, wherein the contract maintenance comprises: after the transaction is finished, (1) carrying out transaction clearing and tariff transfer according to the charging standard in the contract; (2) and collecting the scores of the users on the providers of the current transaction, grading the services of the providers by a supervision mechanism according to the contents of the service contract and the completion degree of the providers, obtaining the evaluation scores of the current transaction of the providers based on the two scores, and calculating and updating the reputation value of the providers according to a time-varying reputation value calculation method based on forgetting factors.
2. The blockchain-based computing power network trust evaluation and assurance method according to claim 1, wherein the step (2.5) further comprises the following steps:
after the service is started, the periodic heartbeat is still required to be sent to the power network arrangement management platform at regular intervals, and the calculation load information is updated; if the computing power sensing module does not receive the periodic heartbeat from the service, the computing power sensing module is triggered to delete the instance in the registry.
3. The blockchain-based computing power network trust evaluation and guarantee method according to claim 1, wherein the blockchain-based reputation evaluation mechanism method of step (4) specifically comprises the following steps:
the method of evaluating the score for the single transaction in the step (4.1):
single transaction evaluation by user evaluation E trader Regulatory agency evaluation E reg Two parts are formed;
the set of user evaluation factors is denoted as d= { D 1 ,d 2 ,d 3 ,...,d n And n is the dimension of the evaluation factors, wherein the evaluation factors comprise calculation completion degree, time consumption and price rationality, and the weight set of each evaluation factor is expressed as W= { W 1 ,w 2 ,w 3 ,...,w n An evaluation level space is defined as u= { U } 1 ,u 2 ,u 3 ,u 4 ,u 5 ,u 6 }, u therein 1 ,u 2 ,...,u 6 Representing very unsatisfactory, satisfactory, very satisfactory, respectively, the corresponding quantized values 0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1; if the user rates the transaction factors as R= { R 1 ,r 2 ,r 3 ,...,r n |r n E, U), the user's rating score for a transaction is expressed as:
E trader ＝W*R＝(s 1 ，s 2 ，...，s n )；
in addition, each time a transaction is completed, the regulatory agency compares the completion of the provider with the various indicators agreed by the service contract and gives an evaluation score E to the service reg ；
The trade is identified by time, and the evaluation score obtained by the trade completed at the time t is expressed as:
E seller (t)＝wf 1 ×Rep trader (t)+wf 2 ×Rep reg (t)
where wf1, wf2 are weight factors for the evaluation component; the weighting factors are adjusted based on the specific transaction type;
time-varying reputation value calculating method based on forgetting factor in step (4.2)
Based on the definition of Gambetta on trust, adopting a time-varying reputation value calculation method based on forgetting factors to adapt to computing force network transaction events; in this calculation method, the most recent transaction has a higher calculation weight than the previous transaction;
as can be seen from the description of the single transaction evaluation score, the provider at t 0 -t n The evaluation score of each completed transaction over time is represented as E seller (t 0 ),E seller (t 1 ),……,E seller (t n ) The evaluation scores are weighted and accumulated to obtain the provider at t n Reputation value R (t) n ) Expressed as:
weight value β (t) n T) due to the forgetting property in time, i.e. the distance t n The transaction evaluation score which is closer in time has a higher weight value, so that the transaction evaluation score is called forgetting factor; beta (t) is a function of attenuation with increasing time, beta (t) =e -f(t) 。
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