CN112130443A - Device suitable for calibrating day difference of quartz electronic stopwatch and experimental method - Google Patents
Device suitable for calibrating day difference of quartz electronic stopwatch and experimental method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112130443A CN112130443A CN202011053564.3A CN202011053564A CN112130443A CN 112130443 A CN112130443 A CN 112130443A CN 202011053564 A CN202011053564 A CN 202011053564A CN 112130443 A CN112130443 A CN 112130443A
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- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04D—APPARATUS OR TOOLS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MAKING OR MAINTAINING CLOCKS OR WATCHES
- G04D7/00—Measuring, counting, calibrating, testing or regulating apparatus
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Abstract
A device and experimental method suitable for calibrating the daily error of a quartz electronic stopwatch, the shell is composed of an upper cylindrical shell and a lower cylindrical shell; the upper cylindrical shell comprises a large section and a small section, wherein the large section and the small section are respectively provided with a large cylindrical inner cavity and a small cylindrical inner cavity inside; the upper end of the large-diameter section is provided with an installation notch, and an observation cover plate is arranged at the installation notch; the observation screen and the diaphragm are arranged at the upper part and the lower end of the large cylindrical inner cavity; the lens is arranged in the small cylindrical inner cavity; the photoelectric sampling unit is arranged in the center of the observation screen; a cylindrical accommodating cavity is arranged in the lower cylindrical shell, and a communication hole is formed in the center of the upper end of the lower cylindrical shell; the focusing sleeve is fixedly inserted into the communicating hole and is connected to the outside of the small-diameter section in a threaded fit manner; a plurality of light filling light all install at the cylindrical top that holds the chamber. The device and the method have the advantages of high test precision and convenient operation process, and can quickly and effectively finish the verification of the day differences.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of stopwatch detection, and particularly relates to a device and an experimental method suitable for calibrating the day difference of a quartz electronic stopwatch.
Background
Time is one of the most important parameters in nature, and with the progress of metering technology, the measurement of time intervals is widely applied to aspects of production and life, and the timing mode is also different day by day and varied and has a variety. Therefore, the measurement of the time interval is also an indispensable detection item for each measurement technology mechanism.
The timing reference of most timers comes from an internal quartz crystal oscillator, and the stability of the common non-temperature-control quartz crystal oscillator can reach 10-6Order of magnitude, which is highly demanding for measurement. At present, the accuracy, stability and other indexes of the internal crystal oscillator are generally required to be detected for time-frequency instruments. For the time-frequency instrument with time scale output, the detection process is relatively easy. For many time-frequency instruments without time scale output interfaces, the detection process is difficult, and only indirect measurement can be performed by other devices or methods. The diurnal error parameter defined by the quartz electronic stopwatch is an indication of the accuracy of the measurement detection, and in the JJG 237-. In the prior art, a day-difference calibrator is recommended to be used for day-difference calibration, but the traditional day-difference calibrator is easy to be interfered by electromagnetic induction detection operation, the operation process is very inconvenient, and the instrument cost is high, so that most stopwatches are calibrated without using the day-difference calibrator for accuracy detection, but by selecting a calibration mode of 1 day when the stopwatch moves upwards, the calibration mode is time-consuming, and the common stopwatch calibration avoids the day-difference calibration as much as possible unless necessary in the actual operation process.
In summary, the existing detection equipment is poor in the aspects of test precision, convenience in operation, manufacturing cost, time consumption and the like, cannot meet the actual detection requirements, and cannot effectively detect the sunset of the quartz electronic stopwatch.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a device and an experimental method suitable for calibrating the daily error of a quartz electronic stopwatch, the device has the advantages of high test precision, convenient operation process, low manufacturing cost and short time consumption, and can quickly and effectively finish the daily error calibration; the method has simple steps and convenient detection process, and can quickly calculate the timing error and the day difference of the timing instrument.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a device suitable for calibrating the solar difference of a quartz electronic stopwatch, comprising a light-tight casing, an optical imaging component, a photoelectric sampling unit and a plurality of light-supplementing illuminating lamps; the optical imaging component comprises an observation screen, a diaphragm, a lens and a focusing sleeve which are coaxially arranged;
the shell consists of an upper cylindrical shell and a lower cylindrical shell which are coaxially arranged;
the upper cylindrical shell comprises a large-diameter section and a small-diameter section which are coaxially arranged from top to bottom, a large cylindrical inner cavity and a small cylindrical inner cavity which are coaxially arranged are respectively arranged in the large-diameter section and the small-diameter section, the upper end of the large cylindrical inner cavity and the lower end of the small cylindrical inner cavity respectively extend to the upper end surface of the large-diameter section and the lower end surface of the small-diameter section, and the lower end of the large cylindrical inner cavity and the upper end of the small cylindrical inner cavity are communicated through an inverted frustum-shaped inner cavity arranged at the joint of the large-diameter section and the small-diameter section;
the upper end of the large-diameter section is provided with an installation notch, and an opaque observation cover plate is covered at the installation notch; the outer circular surface of the small-diameter section is provided with an external thread structure; the observation screen and the diaphragm are coaxially arranged at the upper part and the lower end of the large cylindrical inner cavity; the lens is arranged in the small cylindrical inner cavity;
the photoelectric sampling unit is two photoelectric conversion devices, is arranged in the central area of the observation screen and is used for sampling the luminescent signal of the measured object;
a cylindrical accommodating cavity is formed in the lower cylindrical shell, and a communication hole for communicating the cylindrical accommodating cavity with the outside is formed in the center of the upper end of the lower cylindrical shell;
the lower end of the focusing sleeve is fixedly inserted into the communicating hole, and an internal thread structure is arranged in the focusing sleeve; the focusing sleeve is connected to the outside of the small-diameter section in a threaded fit manner;
a plurality of light filling light all install at the cylindrical top that holds the chamber, and encircle the even distribution of intercommunicating pore.
According to the invention, the observation screen, the diaphragm and the lens are sequentially arranged in the upper cylindrical shell from top to bottom at intervals, so that an image on a measured object arranged in the lower cylindrical shell can be conveniently projected onto the observation screen through the lens and the diaphragm in sequence, and the shell is made of a light-tight material, so that the interference of external light can be avoided, and the detection accuracy can be improved. The observation screen is provided with a photoelectric sampling unit, so that the image on the measured object can be automatically sampled conveniently. The installation notch that goes up cylindrical housing top setting and the setting of the light-tight observation apron of setting in the installation notch can be convenient for measurement personnel's after opening the adjustment, also can be convenient for improve the accuracy that the sampling of photoelectricity sampling unit was sampled after closing. The relative distance between the upper cylindrical shell and the lower cylindrical shell can be adjusted through the small-diameter section and the thread matching of the focusing sleeve, so that the focal length can be adjusted, the luminous image on the measured object can be projected on the observation screen more clearly, and the accuracy of manual direct reading and automatic detection processes can be further improved. The device can be convenient for artifical direct reading and automatic detection operation simultaneously, and its measuring accuracy is high, operation process is convenient, low in manufacturing cost, and weak point consuming time, can be fast effectual completion day error's examination.
Further, in order to improve the sampling accuracy, the two photoelectric conversion devices are connected by a bridge circuit.
Furthermore, in order to facilitate the automatic statistics of the time error of the sunrise and the time, the device further comprises a processing unit connected with the photoelectric sampling unit, and the processing unit is used for processing the collected signals of the photoelectric sampling unit.
The invention also provides an experimental method suitable for calibrating the daily difference of the quartz electronic stopwatch, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: placing the measured object in the center of the bottom of the cylindrical accommodating cavity, and enabling the display surface of the measured object to face the direction of the communicating hole;
step 2: installing a photoelectric sampling unit in the central area of an observation screen, and installing the observation screen on the upper part of the large cylindrical inner cavity; installing a diaphragm and a lens at the lower end of the large cylindrical inner cavity and the middle part of the small cylindrical inner cavity respectively;
and step 3: the upper cylindrical shell and the lower cylindrical shell are connected through the thread fit between the focusing sleeve and the small-diameter section;
and 4, step 4: turning on a light supplementing illuminating lamp to supplement light to the measured object;
and 5: the distance between the upper cylindrical shell and the lower cylindrical shell is adjusted through the thread fit between the focusing sleeve and the small-diameter section, and observation is carried out through the upper opening end of the large cylindrical inner cavity until an image of a measured object is clearly projected onto an observation screen; performing step 6 or step 7;
step 6: manually adjusting the relative position of the object to be measured to make two photoelectric conversion devices of the photoelectric sampling unit respectively align to the designated position and the blank area of the display character;
and 7: the mounting groove is covered with an observation cover plate, the image of the object to be measured is subjected to acquisition of a luminescent signal through the photoelectric sampling unit, and the light and shade change period of the luminescent signal is calculated through the processing unit so as to obtain the timing error or the day difference of the stopwatch.
In step 7, the processing unit performs brightness compensation on the light-emitting signal when receiving the light-emitting signal, amplifies the difference of the brightness signal through the differential circuit, and finally shapes and outputs the detected character signal in the form of square wave.
The method has the advantages of simple steps, convenient detection process and high detection precision, can be used for conveniently detecting in a manual direct reading mode and automatically detecting, and can quickly calculate the timing error and the day difference of a timing instrument.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a nixie tube of the object to be measured in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a nixie tube segment-type display number of a measured object in the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a nixie tube point type display number of a measured object in the invention.
In the figure: 1. the installation notch, 2, observe the apron, 3, observe the screen, 4, photoelectricity sampling unit, 5, the diaphragm, 6, focusing sleeve, 7, lens, 8, light filling light, 9, the testee, 10, go up the cylindrical shell, 11, lower cylindrical shell, 12, big footpath section, 13, the path section, 14, big cylinder inner chamber, 15, little cylinder inner chamber, 16, invert frustum type inner chamber, 17, the cylindrical chamber that holds, 18, the intercommunicating pore.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the device applicable to calibrating the solar difference of a quartz electronic stopwatch in the present invention includes a light-tight casing, an optical imaging component, a photoelectric sampling unit 4 and a plurality of light-supplementing illuminating lamps 8; the optical imaging component comprises an observation screen 3, a diaphragm 5, a lens 7 and a focusing sleeve 6 which are coaxially arranged;
the shell consists of an upper cylindrical shell 10 and a lower cylindrical shell 11 which are coaxially arranged;
the upper cylindrical shell 10 comprises a large-diameter section 12 and a small-diameter section 13 which are coaxially arranged from top to bottom, a large cylindrical inner cavity 14 and a small cylindrical inner cavity 15 which are coaxially arranged are respectively arranged in the large-diameter section 12 and the small-diameter section 13, the upper end of the large cylindrical inner cavity 14 and the lower end of the small cylindrical inner cavity 15 respectively extend to the upper end surface of the large-diameter section 12 and the lower end surface of the small-diameter section 13, and the lower end of the large cylindrical inner cavity 14 and the upper end of the small cylindrical inner cavity 15 are communicated through an inverted frustum-shaped inner cavity 16 arranged at the joint of the large-diameter section 12 and the small-diameter section 13;
the upper end of the large-diameter section 12 is provided with a mounting notch 1, and an opaque observation cover plate 2 is covered at the mounting notch 1; the outer circular surface of the small diameter section 13 is provided with an external thread structure; the observation screen 3 and the diaphragm 5 are coaxially arranged at the upper part and the lower end of the large cylindrical inner cavity 14; the lens 7 is arranged in a small cylindrical inner cavity 15;
the photoelectric sampling unit 4 is two photoelectric conversion devices, is arranged in the central area of the observation screen 3 and is used for sampling the luminescent signal of the measured object 9;
a cylindrical accommodating cavity 17 is formed in the lower cylindrical shell 11, and a communication hole 18 for communicating the cylindrical accommodating cavity 17 with the outside is formed in the center of the upper end of the lower cylindrical shell; the receiving chamber 17 is preferably cylindrical, but may be square or of other shapes.
The lower end of the focusing sleeve 6 is fixedly inserted into the communicating hole 18, and an internal thread structure is arranged in the focusing sleeve; the focusing sleeve 6 is connected to the outside of the small-diameter section 13 in a threaded fit manner;
a plurality of light filling light 8 are all installed at the cylindrical top that holds chamber 17, and encircle the even distribution of intercommunicating pore 18. Digital timepieces widely used at present, such as electronic stopwatches, time relays, timers, and timers, all use segmented or dot matrix liquid crystals or Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) to display numbers and characters by turning on and off dots or segments. The structure of the segment display is shown in FIG. 2, wherein the segment display is generally 7 segments, i.e., a-g segments, and the structure is shown in FIG. 0-9.
In a general simple timer, each digit of a number on a display screen is sequentially hopped from 0 to 9 or from 9 to 0, as shown in fig. 3 or fig. 4. By monitoring the variation period of these fields, the cycle period of this bit can be measured more accurately, and the timing error and the day difference of the timing instrument can be deduced.
Through inside by last cylindric casing under to spaced observation screen, diaphragm and the lens in proper order, can be convenient for loop through lens and diaphragm with the luminous image of installing on the measured object in cylindric casing down and project on the observation screen, the casing adopts light-tight material to make, can avoid the interference of external light to can improve the accuracy that detects. The observation screen is provided with a photoelectric sampling unit, so that the image of the measured object can be automatically sampled conveniently. The installation notch that goes up cylindrical housing top setting and the setting of the light-tight observation apron of setting in the installation notch can be convenient for measurement personnel's after opening the adjustment, also can be convenient for improve the accuracy that the sampling of photoelectricity sampling unit was sampled after closing. The relative distance between the upper cylindrical shell and the lower cylindrical shell can be adjusted through the small-diameter section and the thread matching of the focusing sleeve, so that the focal length can be adjusted, the luminous image on the measured object can be projected on the observation screen more clearly, and the accuracy of manual direct reading and automatic detection processes can be further improved. The device can be convenient for artifical direct reading and automatic detection operation simultaneously, and its measuring accuracy is high, operation process is convenient, low in manufacturing cost, and weak point consuming time, can be fast effectual completion day error's examination.
In order to improve the sampling accuracy, the two photoelectric conversion devices are connected by a bridge circuit to form a common-mode compensation relationship.
In order to facilitate the automatic statistics of the sunrise and the time difference, the system further comprises a processing unit connected with the photoelectric sampling unit 4, and the processing unit is used for processing the collected signals of the photoelectric sampling unit 4. Preferably, the processing unit is composed of a brightness compensation module, a character detection module and a shaping output module which are connected in sequence.
The invention also provides an experimental method suitable for calibrating the daily difference of the quartz electronic stopwatch, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: placing the object to be measured 9 in the center of the bottom of the cylindrical accommodating chamber 17 with its display surface facing the direction of the communicating hole 18;
step 2: installing the photoelectric sampling unit 4 in the central area of the observation screen 3, and installing the observation screen 3 on the upper part of the large cylindrical inner cavity 14; the diaphragm 5 and the lens 7 are respectively arranged at the lower end of the large cylindrical inner cavity 14 and the middle part of the small cylindrical inner cavity 15;
and step 3: the upper cylindrical housing 10 and the lower cylindrical housing 11 are connected by a screw-fit between the focus adjusting sleeve 6 and the small-diameter section 13;
and 4, step 4: turning on a light supplement illuminating lamp 8 to supplement light for a measured object 9;
and 5: the distance between the upper cylindrical shell 10 and the lower cylindrical shell 11 is adjusted through the thread fit between the focusing sleeve 6 and the small-diameter section 13, and observation is carried out through the upper opening end of the large cylindrical inner cavity 14 until an image of the measured object 9 is clearly projected onto the observation screen 3; performing step 6 or step 7;
step 6: manually adjusting the relative position of the object to be measured 9 to make the two photoelectric conversion devices of the photoelectric sampling unit 4 respectively align to the designated position and the blank area of the displayed character;
and 7: the observation cover plate 2 is covered at the position of the mounting notch 1, the image of the object to be measured 9 is subjected to light-emitting signal acquisition through the photoelectric sampling unit 4, and the light and shade change period of the light-emitting signal is calculated through the processing unit so as to obtain the timing error or the day difference of the stopwatch.
In step 7, the processing unit performs brightness compensation on the light-emitting signal when receiving the light-emitting signal, amplifies the difference of the brightness signal through the differential circuit, and finally shapes and outputs the detected character signal in the form of square wave. Therefore, the period of the light and shade change of the light emitting signal can be counted conveniently and quickly.
The method has the advantages of simple steps, convenient detection process and high detection precision, can be used for conveniently detecting in a manual direct reading mode and automatically detecting, and can quickly calculate the timing error and the day difference of a timing instrument.
Claims (5)
1. A device suitable for calibrating the sunset of a quartz electronic stopwatch comprises a lightproof shell, and is characterized by further comprising an optical imaging component, a photoelectric sampling unit (4) and a plurality of light supplementing illuminating lamps (8); the optical imaging component comprises an observation screen (3), a diaphragm (5), a lens (7) and a focusing sleeve (6) which are coaxially arranged;
the shell consists of an upper cylindrical shell (10) and a lower cylindrical shell (11) which are coaxially arranged;
the upper cylindrical shell (10) comprises a large-diameter section (12) and a small-diameter section (13) which are coaxially arranged from top to bottom, a large cylindrical inner cavity (14) and a small cylindrical inner cavity (15) which are coaxially arranged are respectively formed in the large-diameter section (12) and the small-diameter section (13), the upper end of the large cylindrical inner cavity (14) and the lower end of the small cylindrical inner cavity (15) respectively extend to the upper end face of the large-diameter section (12) and the lower end face of the small-diameter section (13), and the lower end of the large cylindrical inner cavity (14) and the upper end of the small cylindrical inner cavity (15) are communicated through an inverted frustum-shaped inner cavity (16) formed at the joint of the large-diameter section (12) and the small-diameter section (13);
the upper end of the large-diameter section (12) is provided with a mounting notch (1), and an opaque observation cover plate (2) is covered at the mounting notch (1); the outer circular surface of the small-diameter section (13) is provided with an external thread structure; the observation screen (3) and the diaphragm (5) are coaxially arranged at the upper part and the lower end of the large cylindrical inner cavity (14); the lens (7) is arranged in the small cylindrical inner cavity (15);
the photoelectric sampling unit (4) is two photoelectric conversion devices, is arranged in the central area of the observation screen (3) and is used for sampling the luminous signals of the measured object (9);
a cylindrical accommodating cavity (17) is arranged in the lower cylindrical shell (11), and a communication hole (18) for communicating the cylindrical accommodating cavity (17) with the outside is formed in the center of the upper end of the lower cylindrical shell;
the lower end of the focusing sleeve (6) is fixedly inserted into the communicating hole (18), and an internal thread structure is arranged in the focusing sleeve; the focusing sleeve (6) is connected to the outside of the small-diameter section (13) in a threaded fit manner;
a plurality of light filling light (8) are all installed at the top that cylindrical held chamber (17), and encircle the even distribution of intercommunicating pore (18).
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the two photoelectric conversion devices are connected by a bridge circuit.
3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a processing unit connected to the photoelectric sampling unit (4), said processing unit being adapted to process the acquired signals of the photoelectric sampling unit (4).
4. An experimental method suitable for calibrating the daily error of a quartz electronic stopwatch is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: placing the object to be measured (9) at the center of the bottom of the cylindrical accommodating cavity (17) and enabling the display surface of the object to face the direction of the communication hole (18);
step 2: installing a photoelectric sampling unit (4) in the central area of an observation screen (3), and installing the observation screen (3) on the upper part of a large cylindrical inner cavity (14); a diaphragm (5) and a lens (7) are respectively arranged at the lower end of the large cylindrical inner cavity (14) and the middle part of the small cylindrical inner cavity (15);
and step 3: the upper cylindrical shell (10) and the lower cylindrical shell (11) are connected through the thread fit between the focusing sleeve (6) and the small-diameter section (13);
and 4, step 4: turning on a light supplement illuminating lamp (8) to supplement light for the object to be measured (9);
and 5: the distance between the upper cylindrical shell (10) and the lower cylindrical shell (11) is adjusted through the thread fit between the focusing sleeve (6) and the small-diameter section (13), and observation is carried out through the upper opening end of the large cylindrical inner cavity (14) until an image of a measured object (9) is clearly projected onto the observation screen (3); performing step 6 or step 7;
step 6: manually adjusting the relative position of a measured object (9) to enable two photoelectric conversion devices of the photoelectric sampling unit (4) to respectively align to the designated position and the blank area of the display character;
and 7: an observation cover plate (2) is covered at the position of the mounting notch (1), the image of the object to be measured (9) is subjected to acquisition of a luminous signal through a photoelectric sampling unit (4), and the light and shade change period of the luminous signal is calculated through a processing unit so as to obtain the timing error or the day difference of the stopwatch.
5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the processing unit performs a brightness compensation on the light signal when receiving the light signal, amplifies the difference of the brightness signal through a difference circuit, shapes and outputs the detected character signal in a square wave form in step 7.
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| CN202011053564.3A CN112130443B (en) | 2020-09-29 | 2020-09-29 | Device suitable for calibrating day difference of quartz electronic stopwatch and experimental method |
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| CN202011053564.3A CN112130443B (en) | 2020-09-29 | 2020-09-29 | Device suitable for calibrating day difference of quartz electronic stopwatch and experimental method |
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| CN112130443B CN112130443B (en) | 2022-02-08 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN112130443B (en) | 2022-02-08 |
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