CN112129408A - Area array infrared spectrum sensor with small photosensitive element structure and application method thereof - Google Patents
Area array infrared spectrum sensor with small photosensitive element structure and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112129408A CN112129408A CN202010966402.2A CN202010966402A CN112129408A CN 112129408 A CN112129408 A CN 112129408A CN 202010966402 A CN202010966402 A CN 202010966402A CN 112129408 A CN112129408 A CN 112129408A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
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- G01J3/2803—Investigating the spectrum using photoelectric array detector
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Abstract
The invention discloses an area array infrared spectrum sensor with a small photosensitive element structure and an application method thereof. The sensor comprises a linear gradient optical filter, an area array infrared photosensitive chip and a signal processing integrated circuit. An area array photosensitive chip with a square small-size photosensitive element structure is rotated by 45 degrees and then coupled with a linear gradient filter to obtain a diamond small photosensitive element structure with the diagonal line consistent with the wavelength gradient direction. The application method combines a plurality of adjacently arranged photosensitive element groups of the sensor into a spectrum channel, a row of photosensitive elements are reserved between the adjacent spectrum channels as intervals, the photosensitive element groups of the spectrum channel are changed through translation and are measured for multiple times, and a plurality of groups of spectrum data are fused to form a spectrum curve. Compared with a single large photosensitive element as a spectrum channel, the spectrum channel is flexible and variable, wavelength intervals and spectral line overlapping among the spectrum channels can be effectively reduced, and more spectral feature details can be extracted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of infrared spectrum sensors, in particular to a design and application method of an infrared spectrum sensor based on a diamond small photosensitive element area array.
Background
The commercial expansion of infrared spectroscopy technology places a demand on the miniaturization of its analytical equipment. Infrared spectrometers can be roughly classified into a grating type, a filter type, a fourier transform type, and an acousto-optic tunable filter type according to the spectral method of the instrument. The Fourier transform spectrometer has high technical complexity and cost, and contains moving parts, which has certain requirements on the use environment, so the Fourier transform spectrometer is not widely applied to portable near infrared spectrum analysis. Grating light splitting is a design scheme adopted by most portable infrared spectrometers at present, the resolution performance of the grating light splitting is very excellent, and although the rise of the MEMS technology in recent years provides a feasible technical path for the miniaturization of the grating type spectrometer, the current mainstream products are still generally limited by the volume of the light splitting part. The acousto-optic tunable filter type instrument has the advantages of small size and light weight of light splitting, but due to the problems of crystal manufacturing process, the price is expensive, the consistency among the instruments is poor, and the acousto-optic tunable filter type instrument is mostly applied to the design of an imaging spectrometer at present. The filter type spectrometer based on the linear gradient filter and the array detector has a compact structure, does not contain moving parts, and is very suitable for miniaturized portable application. Although the resolution of such spectrometers is not high at present (about 10-20nm in the short-wave infrared range of 900-1700 nm), the application advantages in terms of volume and cost are still achieved in the near-infrared band where the absorption peak is wide and the requirement for spectral resolution is low.
Ideally, an increase in the number of instrument spectral channels and a decrease in the spacing of center wavelengths between channels would facilitate the acquisition of more useful spectral information. For a linear gradient filter with a constant effective size, the array scale can be theoretically improved by reducing the pixel size and the center distance, so that more spectral channels and smaller channel center wavelength intervals are obtained. However, the resolution of the spectrometer is generally limited by the performance of the linear gradient filter at the present stage, the full width at half maximum of the spectrometer is generally greater than 1% of the peak center wavelength, serious spectral line overlapping between pixels can be introduced by simply using a larger-scale focal plane array, and the resolution performance of the spectrometer cannot be effectively improved. In addition, most of the current researches and instruments adopt a single-row detector linear array to be coupled with an optical filter, which is very easy to cause adverse effects on key characteristic wavelengths of a spectral curve because of blind pixels or response anomalies of a single detector. How to sufficiently extract effective spectral feature information under the limited resolution of the linear graded filter becomes an important challenge for the linear graded filter type spectrometer.
Disclosure of Invention
Compared with a single large photosensitive element as a spectrum channel, the area array infrared spectrum sensor with the small photosensitive element structure combines a plurality of diamond small-size photosensitive elements which are closely arranged as a spectrum channel, changes the composition of the photosensitive elements of the spectrum channel by translation and measures for many times. The spectrum curves are formed by fusing a plurality of groups of spectrum data, so that the flexible combination of spectrum channels is realized, and more spectrum characteristic details can be fully extracted under the limited resolution of the linear gradient filter.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an area array infrared spectrum sensor with a small photosensitive element structure and an application method thereof are characterized by comprising a linear gradient optical filter 1, an area array infrared photosensitive chip 2 and a signal processing integrated circuit 3; wherein
The linear gradient optical filter 1 of the sensor is used as a light splitting component for splitting incident infrared composite light, and different optical filter positions correspond to different transmittance peak value central wavelengths;
an area array infrared photosensitive chip 2 of the sensor is used as a photoelectric conversion component and is coupled with a linear gradient filter 1 to complete infrared photoelectric conversion after light splitting;
and the signal processing integrated circuit 3 of the sensor is used for signal reading, analog-to-digital conversion and data preprocessing of the area array infrared photosensitive chip 2.
The area array infrared photosensitive chip 2 of the sensor is a small-sized square photosensitive element array, and is coupled with the linear gradient filter 1 of the sensor after rotating for 45 degrees, so that a diamond small photosensitive element structure with the diagonal line consistent with the wavelength gradient direction is obtained.
The application method based on the sensor is characterized in that a plurality of adjacently arranged photosensitive element columns of the sensor are combined into a spectrum channel, the number of the photosensitive element columns in the channel is determined according to the dispersion coefficient, the optical resolution and the size of the photosensitive elements of the linear gradient filter, and a row of the photosensitive elements is reserved between the adjacent spectrum channels as intervals. The composition of photosensitive elements of the spectral channels is changed through translation and is measured for multiple times, and multiple groups of spectral data are fused to form a spectral curve.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the spectrum channel is formed by combining a plurality of small-size photosensitive elements, and compared with a single large photosensitive element, the spectrum channel can avoid the adverse effect of a single detector blind element or response abnormity on the key characteristic wavelength of a spectrum curve;
(2) the photosensitive elements rotate to be rhombus, the effective photosensitive area is concentrated towards the central wavelength, the side contact of the photosensitive elements among the spectrum channels is changed into the top contact, the photosensitive area can be more fully utilized, and the spectral line overlapping degree among the spectrum channels is reduced;
(3) multiple measurements are adopted, the photosensitive element combination of the spectrum channels is flexibly adjusted, the central wavelength interval between the spectrum channels is reduced under the limited resolution of the linear gradient filter, and more spectrum characteristic details are favorably and fully extracted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of an area array infrared spectrum sensor with a small photosensitive element structure.
Wherein:
1-linear graded filter;
2-area array infrared photosensitive chip;
and 3, a signal processing integrated circuit.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure and the application method of a small photosensitive element structure area array infrared spectrum sensor.
Detailed Description
The practice of the present invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, an area array infrared spectrum sensor with a small photosensitive element structure comprises a linear gradient filter, an area array infrared photosensitive chip and a signal processing integrated circuit.
The linear gradient filter can adopt a short wave infrared linear gradient filter, the wavelength range is 900-1700nm, the size is 15mm multiplied by 3mm multiplied by 0.1mm, and the actual measurement effective length is about 13 mm. The resolution of the linear gradient filter is 14-20nm, and the resolution is slowly increased along with the increase of the central wavelength of the transmittance, and is about 1% -1.5% of the central wavelength. The area array infrared photosensitive chip selects an InGaAs array with 640 multiplied by 512 scale array, the pixel size is 25 mu m multiplied by 25 mu m, the wavelength range is 900-1700nm, and the chip is matched with the linear gradient filter. The signal processing integrated circuit adopts a standard CMOS integrated circuit manufacturing process, and is interconnected with the area array InGaAs photosensitive chip through a flip chip process to form a focal plane so as to finish signal reading, analog-to-digital conversion and data preprocessing. And rotating the interconnected focal planes by 45 degrees and then coupling the focal planes with the linear gradient filters. The coupling mode can realize the fixation of the linear gradient filter by designing a groove with the depth of 0.1mm on the diaphragm, and the diaphragm is reversely buckled and fixed on the focal plane, so that the gap between the linear gradient filter and the area array InGaAs photosensitive chip is less than 0.1mm, and the interference of the gap on the resolution ratio is reduced.
The following application method reduces the center wavelength spacing between spectral channels under the constraint of the resolution parameters of the linear graded filter.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
And 2, calculating the corresponding effective size of the spectrum channel according to the dispersion coefficient of the linear gradient filter. According to the wavelength range and effective size of the linear gradient filter, the linear dispersion coefficient is calculated to be
In order to reserve the design margin, the minimum resolution of 14nm is selected as a design value for calculation, and the corresponding LVF length is
And step 3, as shown in fig. 2, a string of diamond-shaped photosensitive elements which are perpendicular to the wavelength gradient direction of the linear gradient filter and have opposite vertexes is used as a row, the number N of the rows of photosensitive elements included in one spectral channel is determined according to the effective size obtained by calculation in step 2, and a row of photosensitive elements is reserved between adjacent spectral channels as an interval. The LVF length corresponding to the minimum resolution calculated in the step 2 is 228 μm. The size of the photosites is 25 μm × 25 μm, and the diagonal is about 35 μm. To ensure that this length covers the entire 2 individual spectral channels, N is chosen to be 3, i.e., one spectral channel contains 3 rows of photosensors, about 70 μm wide, with one row of photosensors as a space, about 35 μm wide.
And 4, taking the central wavelength calibrated by one row of the centers of 3 rows of photosensitive elements in the spectral channel as the central wavelength of the spectral channel, accumulating the response data of the photosensitive elements in the same spectral channel, and averaging to obtain the central wavelength and the spectral response of each spectral channel.
And 5, newly taking a group of spectral data, simultaneously translating the spectral channels and the intervals to the right by one row on the basis of the spectral channel division method in the step 3, and repeating the step 3 and the step 4 to obtain the response value of each spectral channel.
And 6, repeating the step 5 for 4 times, summarizing the obtained central wavelengths and response values of all the spectral channels, and drawing a new spectral curve after fusing multiple groups of data, so that the central wavelength interval among the spectral channels is reduced by means of multiple acquisition and subsequent signal processing.
Claims (2)
1. An area array infrared spectrum sensor with a small photosensitive element structure comprises a linear gradient filter (1), an area array infrared photosensitive chip (2) and a signal processing integrated circuit (3); the method is characterized in that:
the linear gradient optical filter (1) is used as a light splitting component for splitting incident infrared composite light, and different optical filter positions correspond to different transmittance peak value central wavelengths;
the area array infrared photosensitive chip (2) is a small-sized square photosensitive element array, and is coupled with the linear gradient filter (1) of the sensor after rotating for 45 degrees, so that a rhombic small photosensitive element structure with the diagonal line consistent with the gradient direction of the wavelength is obtained, and infrared photoelectric conversion after light splitting is completed;
the signal processing integrated circuit (3) is used for signal reading, analog-to-digital conversion and data preprocessing of the area array infrared photosensitive chip (2).
2. An application method of the area array infrared spectrum sensor based on the small photosensitive element structure of claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of combining a plurality of adjacently arranged photosensitive element columns of the sensor into a spectrum channel, determining the number of the photosensitive element columns in the channel according to the dispersion coefficient, the optical resolution and the size of the photosensitive elements of the linear gradient filter, reserving a row of the photosensitive elements between the adjacent spectrum channels as intervals, changing the composition of the photosensitive elements of the spectrum channel through translation, measuring for multiple times, and fusing a plurality of groups of spectrum data to form a spectrum curve.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114942069A (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2022-08-26 | 长春长光辰谱科技有限公司 | Wide-spectrum micro spectrometer |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114942069A (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2022-08-26 | 长春长光辰谱科技有限公司 | Wide-spectrum micro spectrometer |
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