CN112127334A - Irrigation drainage system for rural non-point source pollution resource utilization and scheduling operation method - Google Patents
Irrigation drainage system for rural non-point source pollution resource utilization and scheduling operation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112127334A CN112127334A CN202010988699.2A CN202010988699A CN112127334A CN 112127334 A CN112127334 A CN 112127334A CN 202010988699 A CN202010988699 A CN 202010988699A CN 112127334 A CN112127334 A CN 112127334A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B13/00—Irrigation ditches, i.e. gravity flow, open channel water distribution systems
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B1/00—Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/10—Dams; Dykes; Sluice ways or other structures for dykes, dams, or the like
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B5/00—Artificial water canals, e.g. irrigation canals
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B5/00—Artificial water canals, e.g. irrigation canals
- E02B5/08—Details, e.g. gates, screens
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
- E03B3/04—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from surface water
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B5/00—Use of pumping plants or installations; Layouts thereof
Abstract
The invention discloses an irrigation drainage system for rural non-point source pollution resource utilization and a scheduling operation method, which are generally applicable to plain rural areas with a certain planting scale, realize resource utilization of rural non-point source pollution, realize high-efficiency cyclic utilization of water resources, and greatly reduce the pollution load of the water environment in peripheral areas. According to the invention, according to the relationship among the surface water environment quality standard, the rural black and odorous water body treatment standard and the farmland irrigation water quality standard, by constructing an irrigation drainage system comprising a riverway self-circulation system and a graded riverway communication system in an irrigation area and adopting a scientific, flexible and effective scheduling operation method, the internal circulation of the water body is realized in the treated area, and nutrient substances and organic matters in the polluted water body are changed into fertilizers required by the growth of crops, so that the pollution load of the water environment in the peripheral area is greatly reduced while the rural water environment is improved, and the rural non-point source pollution problem is fundamentally solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a construction method of an irrigation drainage system for rural non-point source pollution resource utilization, belonging to the field of water environment protection.
Background
The rural non-point source pollution mainly comprises planting pollution, breeding pollution and rural life source pollution. With the change of rural production and living modes, a great amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides are used in farmlands, agricultural wastes are randomly disposed, and rural domestic sewage and breeding wastewater are discharged in an unorganized mode, so that a serious water environment problem is caused. At present, rural non-point source pollution prevention and treatment work is very important in all regions, the use amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is called to be reduced, the methane technology is popularized and applied, and rural domestic sewage treatment is developed. However, due to the restrictions of economic applicability and practical operability, the implementation difficulty of the measures is high, the effect is not quick, the rural water environment problem is still very prominent, and the water quality deterioration of a plurality of regional main riverways and important water bodies is caused.
The common treatment measures mainly comprise: 1. aiming at the pollution of the planting industry, a soil testing and formulated fertilization technology is mainly popularized, a certain effect is achieved, the utilization rate of fertilizer and pesticide is improved, but due to the lack of competiveness of management and control measures, the use amount of fertilizer and pesticide still remains high due to the profit of growers, and the water body polluted by fertilizer and pesticide loss is still serious; 2. aiming at agricultural wastes, rural domestic sewage and aquaculture wastewater, biogas technology is vigorously popularized and applied by governments at all levels, and a certain effect is achieved, but due to the restriction of factors such as technology, economy and management, the popularization is more and more difficult, and most of the popularized biogas technology is not used; 3. aiming at rural domestic sewage, a plurality of treatment methods such as distributed purification tanks, relatively centralized sewage treatment devices and embedded pipelines are connected into urban domestic sewage treatment plants, and the like are adopted, so that the overall normal operation rate is low, the pollutant emission reduction efficiency is low, and the investment is huge. 4. The research results of ecologically purifying water quality by utilizing irrigation drainage channels mainly utilize the channels as links of ecologically purifying water quality, and have the advantages of strong theoretical performance, small pollutant reduction amount and large difficulty in practical popularization and application.
According to the remarkable characteristics of agricultural production and farmer life, irrigation and drainage behaviors in agricultural production are combined, resource utilization of rural non-point source pollution is achieved, efficient cyclic utilization of water resources is achieved, and reports and applications are not reported at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing rural irrigation drainage system, the invention provides an irrigation drainage system which is beneficial to realizing self-circulation of river channels in rural areas and efficiently utilizing water resources and is used for rural non-point source pollution resource utilization and a scheduling operation method thereof.
The technical scheme for realizing the aim of the invention is to provide an irrigation drainage system for resource utilization of rural non-point source pollution, which comprises an irrigation canal system, a drainage canal system and a river channel water system of villages and farmlands, and further comprises a river channel self-circulation system and a graded river channel connection system in an irrigation area;
the river channel self-circulation system in the irrigation area comprises a river dam, a backwater river channel, an irrigation channel, a aqueduct provided with a water diversion opening, a water inlet adjusting gate and an irrigation pump station; the river dam is arranged at the position of the third-level river mouth and isolates the third-level river from the first-level river and the second-level river; the backwater river mutually communicates the third-level rivers and collects the drainage of farmlands and villages to an irrigation pump station as an irrigation water source; the irrigation channel crosses over the third-level river through the aqueduct, the aqueduct is provided with a water diversion port door, and channel water is introduced into the third-level river; the water inlet adjusting gate is of a bidirectional water inlet type and is arranged at an upstream river mouth of the backwater river channel; the irrigation pump station is arranged at the intersection of the peripheral three-stage river and the channel;
the hierarchical river channel communication system comprises a river dam and a pump gate station; the river dam is built on the second-level river and is separated from the first-level river, and the river dam is provided with a culvert pipe with a gate valve, and water flow is switched on and off according to needs; for the areas of high sandy soil areas where the water level of the rural internal river network is higher than the water level of the river channel in the peripheral area, the pump gate station is a pump guide gate row and is used for adjusting the water level of the rural internal river network, when the water level is too low, river water of a peripheral first-level river is extracted, and when the water level is too high, a gate is opened to drain the first-level river; and for the area where the water level of the river network in the rural area of the low-lying polder area is lower than the water level of the river channel in the peripheral area, the pump station gate is a pump row gate guide and is used for controlling the polder river channel to keep the proper water level.
The technical scheme of the invention also comprises a scheduling operation method of the irrigation drainage system for rural non-point source pollution resource utilization, which comprises the following steps of (A) a complete internal circulation irrigation mode, (B) an internal circulation and irrigation water replenishing mode, (C) a complete internal circulation water activating mode, (D) an internal circulation and water replenishing water activating mode, and (E) a rural river network water level adjusting mode according to the requirement amount of irrigation water:
mode A: when the demand of irrigation water is not large, a complete internal circulation irrigation mode is adopted, and an irrigation pump station completely extracts internal circulation water of the third-level river and takes drainage of farmlands and villages as an irrigation water source;
and (3) mode B: when the requirement of irrigation water is large, an internal circulation and water supplementing irrigation mode is adopted, a water inlet adjusting door is opened to supplement water from a secondary river, and internal circulation water is supplemented to meet the requirement of irrigation water;
and mode C: when the water needs to be changed to improve the water environment in the non-irrigation period, the water changing mode of complete internal circulation is adopted, the internal circulation water of the third-level river is extracted by an irrigation pump station, and channel water is reintroduced into each third-level river through a water diversion port of a aqueduct to realize internal circulation water changing;
mode D: according to the actual water environment requirement of the rural internal river network, an internal circulation and water supplementing and activating mode is adopted, and water of the second-level river is partially taken by an irrigation pump station to drive all the third-level river activated water;
mode E: when the water level of the rural internal river network is too high or too low, a rural river network water level adjusting mode is adopted, and the pump gate station is started to drain water as required, so that the water level of the rural river network is kept appropriate.
The quality requirements of the national surface water environment, the rural water environment and the farmland irrigation water are greatly different. The nutrients and organic matter in the water are pollutants for surface water, but become fertilizers for crop growth for field irrigation water. For example, the ammonia nitrogen index, surface III class water is required to be less than 1 mg/L, the treatment standard of rural black and odorous water is only required to be less than 15 mg/L, and the water quality standard of farmland irrigation does not have requirements on ammonia nitrogen.
By reconstructing the irrigation drainage system, the method takes farmland and village return water as irrigation water sources, recycles non-point source pollution in rural areas, and realizes high-efficiency utilization of water resources.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. rural non-point source pollution is recycled, and self-circulation is realized in a river channel in a rural area;
2. source water is preferentially supplied to a village river channel, so that an excellent water environment is provided for villagers;
3. rural river channels take water to peripheral river channels in a one-way mode (except for emergency drainage), and rural non-point source pollution is prevented from entering main river channels and important water bodies of the peripheral river channels to the maximum extent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a typical water system configuration in a rural area;
FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of an irrigation drainage system constructed in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic plan view of a self-circulating water flow constructed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure, 1 is a first-level river; 2. a second-level river; 3. a production river of the third-level river; 4. village rivers of the third-level river; 5. a house; 6. partitioned irrigation areas; 7. a third-level river dam; 8. returning to a river; 9. a channel; 10. aqueduct and water diversion port door; 11. a water inlet regulating gate; 12. irrigating a pump station; 13. a second level river dam; 14. a pump gate station; 15. irrigation water flow direction; 16. drainage direction of farmland and village.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the drawings and the embodiment.
Example 1
The invention relates to a construction method of an irrigation drainage system for rural non-point source pollution resource utilization, belonging to the field of water environment protection.
Referring to fig. 1, it is a schematic plan view of a typical water system structure in a rural area; wherein the river channel comprises a first-level river 1, a second-level river 2, a production river 3 of a third-level river and a village river 4 of the third-level river; the first-level river 1 is a river channel in the peripheral area, the second-level river 2 is a rural skeleton river, the third-level river comprises an agricultural production river 3 and a rural village river 4, and the third-level river belongs to an internal river network of an irrigation area; a rural house 5 and a sub-irrigation area 6. On one hand, because the farmland uses a large amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, eutrophication of irrigation and drainage is formed; on the other hand, rural domestic sewage is relatively dispersed compared with urban domestic sewage, and a complete sewage centralized collection and treatment system is not provided. Under the condition of unorganized emission, the non-point source pollution directly enters various levels of riverways, and serious influence is caused on the water environment.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, there are shown a schematic plan view and a schematic self-circulating water flow of the irrigation drainage system provided in this example. In this embodiment, the self-circulation engineering of the river channel inside the irrigation area comprises a built river dam 7, a backwater river channel 8, an irrigation canal system 9, an aqueduct 10 with a water diversion opening, a water inlet adjusting gate 11 and an irrigation pump station 12. The river dam 7 is arranged at the position of the third-level river mouth and isolates the third-level river from the first-level second-level river; the backwater river 8 is communicated with all the third-level rivers, and drainage of farmlands and villages is collected to the irrigation pump station 12 to be used as an irrigation water source; the irrigation channel 9 spans the third-level river through the aqueduct 10, and the aqueduct 10 is provided with a water diversion port door, so that channel water can be introduced into the river channel, and the requirement of the river channel running water in the non-irrigation period is met. The water inlet adjusting gate 11 is arranged at the upstream river mouth of the backwater river channel 8, and aims to supplement the shortage of irrigation water sources, pull the running water of the village river to improve the water environment of the village and serve as an outward drainage channel when waterlogging occurs; the irrigation pump station 12 is arranged at the intersection of the peripheral three-stage river and the channel 9, adopts a bidirectional water inlet type, extracts internal circulating water of the three-stage river during irrigation, and replenishes water from the water inlet regulating gate 11 when the internal circulating water is insufficient; when the third-level river in the non-irrigation period needs running water to improve the water environment, internal circulating water of the third-level river can be extracted to realize internal small circulation, and water of the second-level river can be extracted (or partially extracted) to drive all the running water of the third-level river.
Aiming at high sandy soil areas, namely areas with rural internal river network water level higher than the river water level of peripheral areas, the project comprises a river dam 13 and a pump gate station 14, wherein the river dam 13 is built on a secondary river and is separated from a primary river, and the river dam is provided with a culvert pipe with a gate valve and can be switched on and off according to the requirement; the pump gate station 14 is a pump guide gate row, can realize the water level adjusting function of the rural internal river network, can pump the river water of the peripheral first-level river when the water level is too low, can open the gate to the first-level river to drain when the water level is too high; aiming at the general plain area, the water level of the internal river network in the rural area is equal to the water level of the river channel in the peripheral area, so that the river dam 13 and the pump station gate 14 can be eliminated. Aiming at a low-lying polder area, namely an area where the water level of a river network in a rural area is lower than the water level of a river channel in a peripheral area, a pump station gate 14 adopts a pump row gate guide to control a polder river channel to keep a proper water level. This allows the farmland and village drainage 16 to flow back to the irrigation water flow 15, thereby forming a circulating water flow inside the irrigation area. On one hand, nutrient substances in drainage 16 of farmlands and villages are prevented from directly discharging into peripheral river channels, and non-point source pollution is reduced; on the other hand, the farmland and village drainage 16 is recycled, and pollutants thereof are changed into fertilizers required for the growth of crops.
The invention provides an irrigation drainage system for rural non-point source pollution resource utilization, which comprises the following scheduling and operating methods: (A) the irrigation system comprises a complete internal circulation irrigation mode, a (B) internal circulation and water replenishing irrigation mode, a (C) complete internal circulation water activating mode, a (D) internal circulation and water replenishing water activating mode, a (E) rural river network water level adjusting mode and the like, wherein the specific operation methods of the modes are as follows:
mode A: when the demand of irrigation water is not large, a complete internal circulation irrigation mode is started, the irrigation pump station 12 completely extracts internal circulation water of the third-level river, and drainage of farmlands and villages is used as an irrigation water source;
and (3) mode B: when the requirement of irrigation water is large, starting an internal circulation and water supplementing irrigation mode, opening a water inlet adjusting door 11 to supplement water from a secondary river, and supplementing internal circulation water to meet the requirement of irrigation water;
and mode C: when the water needs to be changed to improve the water environment in the non-irrigation period, the full internal circulation water changing mode is started, the irrigation pump station (12) extracts the internal circulation water of the third-level river, and channel water is put into each third-level river again through the water diversion opening of the aqueduct 10 to realize internal circulation water changing;
mode D: an internal circulation and water replenishing and activating mode can be adopted according to the actual water environment requirement of the rural internal river network, and at the moment, the irrigation pump station 12 can partially take the water of the second-level river to drive all the third-level river activated water;
mode E: when the water level of the rural internal river network is too high or too low, the pump gate station 14 can be started to drain water as required, and the water level of the rural river network is kept appropriate.
The irrigation drainage system constructed by the technical scheme provided by the invention realizes self-circulation in the river channels in rural areas, and is beneficial to recycling of non-point source pollution in rural areas; meanwhile, source water can be preferentially supplied to a village river channel, so that an excellent water environment is provided for villagers; the rural river channels are used for taking water from the river channels in the peripheral areas in a one-way mode (except for emergency drainage), and rural non-point source pollution is prevented from entering main river channels and important water bodies in the peripheral areas to the maximum extent.
Claims (2)
1. The utility model provides a rural non-point source pollutes irrigation drainage system of utilization, includes irrigation canal system, drainage canal system and the river course river system in village and farmland, its characterized in that: the system comprises an irrigation area internal riverway self-circulation system and a hierarchical riverway communication system;
the river channel self-circulation system in the irrigation area comprises a river dam (7), a backwater river channel (8), an irrigation channel (9), a aqueduct (10) provided with a water diversion port, a water inlet adjusting gate (11) and an irrigation pump station (12); the river dam (7) is arranged at the position of the third-level river mouth and isolates the third-level river from the first-level river and the second-level river; the backwater river (8) is used for communicating the three-stage rivers, and the drainage of farmlands and villages is collected to an irrigation pump station (12) to be used as an irrigation water source; the irrigation channel (9) spans the third-level river through an aqueduct (10), the aqueduct is provided with a water diversion port door, and channel water is introduced into the third-level river; the water inlet adjusting gate (11) is of a bidirectional water inlet type and is arranged at the upstream river mouth of the backwater river channel (8); the irrigation pump station (12) is arranged at the intersection of the peripheral three-level river and the channel (9);
the hierarchical river channel communication system comprises a river dam (13) and a pump gate station (14); the river dam (13) is built on the second-level river and is separated from the first-level river, and the river dam is provided with a culvert pipe with a gate valve for switching on and off water flow as required; for the areas of high sandy soil areas where the water level of the rural internal river network is higher than the water level of the river channel in the peripheral area, the pump gate station (14) is a pump guide gate row and is used for adjusting the water level of the rural internal river network, when the water level is too low, river water of a peripheral first-level river is extracted, and when the water level is too high, a gate is opened to drain the first-level river; and for the area where the water level of the river network in the rural area of the low-lying polder area is lower than the water level of the river channel in the peripheral area, the pump station gate (14) is a pump row gate guide and is used for controlling the polder river channel to keep the proper water level.
2. The method for dispatching and operating the irrigation drainage system for rural non-point source pollution resource utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that: according to the required quantity of irrigation water, the method comprises (A) a complete internal circulation irrigation mode, (B) an internal circulation and water replenishing irrigation mode, (C) a complete internal circulation water activating mode, (D) an internal circulation and water replenishing water activating mode and (E) a rural river network water level adjusting mode:
mode A: when the requirement of irrigation water is not large, a complete internal circulation irrigation mode is adopted, the irrigation pump station (12) completely extracts internal circulation water of the third-level river, and drainage of farmlands and villages is used as an irrigation water source;
and (3) mode B: when the requirement of irrigation water is large, an internal circulation and water supplementing irrigation mode is adopted, the water inlet adjusting gate (11) is opened to supplement water from the secondary river, and internal circulation water is supplemented to meet the requirement of irrigation water;
and mode C: when the three-level river in the non-irrigation period needs running water to improve the water environment, a complete internal circulation running water mode is adopted, an irrigation pump station (12) extracts internal circulation water of the three-level river, channel water is reintroduced into each three-level river through a water diversion port of a aqueduct (10), and internal circulation running water is realized;
mode D: according to the actual water environment requirement of the rural internal river network, an internal circulation and water supplementing and activating mode is adopted, and the water of the second-level river is partially taken by an irrigation pump station (12) to drive the water of the third-level river to activate;
mode E: when the water level of the rural internal river network is too high or too low, a rural river network water level adjusting mode is adopted, and the pump gate station (14) is started to drain water as required, so that the water level of the rural river network is kept appropriate.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109686217A (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2019-04-26 | 石河子大学 | For testing the self-circulating device of border irrigation and the water efficiency of irrigation that irrigates through furrow |
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| CN105236501A (en) * | 2015-10-31 | 2016-01-13 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Method for preventing and treating plain river network area farmland non-point source pollution through channel and pond system |
| CN104591395B (en) * | 2015-01-27 | 2016-06-29 | 河海大学 | Plains region fills the water saving of row's coupling Ecological Irrigation District water circulation use and subtracts dirty method |
| CN104895027B (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2017-06-30 | 河海大学 | Self-loopa ecological water saving type irrigation and drainage system and water discharge method |
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2020
- 2020-09-18 CN CN202010988699.2A patent/CN112127334A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPH1042724A (en) * | 1996-07-30 | 1998-02-17 | Padei Kenkyusho:Kk | System for controlling water for paddy field |
| CN104711959A (en) * | 2015-01-27 | 2015-06-17 | 河海大学 | Ecological dirt removing system combining water irrigation and drainage functions in polder area |
| CN104591395B (en) * | 2015-01-27 | 2016-06-29 | 河海大学 | Plains region fills the water saving of row's coupling Ecological Irrigation District water circulation use and subtracts dirty method |
| CN104895027B (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2017-06-30 | 河海大学 | Self-loopa ecological water saving type irrigation and drainage system and water discharge method |
| CN105236501A (en) * | 2015-10-31 | 2016-01-13 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Method for preventing and treating plain river network area farmland non-point source pollution through channel and pond system |
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| CN109686217A (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2019-04-26 | 石河子大学 | For testing the self-circulating device of border irrigation and the water efficiency of irrigation that irrigates through furrow |
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