CN112126824B - Manufacturing method of 6-series container aluminum alloy section - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of 6-series container aluminum alloy section Download PDFInfo
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- CN112126824B CN112126824B CN202011071164.5A CN202011071164A CN112126824B CN 112126824 B CN112126824 B CN 112126824B CN 202011071164 A CN202011071164 A CN 202011071164A CN 112126824 B CN112126824 B CN 112126824B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
Abstract
The present invention provides a 6-series packageA manufacturing method of an aluminum alloy section for a box belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy, and the aluminum alloy section is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: mg: 0.7-1.6%, Fe: 0.08-0.17%, Mn: 0.82-1.6%, Cr: 5.8-8.7%, Zn: 0.05-0.22%, Be: 0.06-0.13 percent of Si, less than 0.0001 percent of,Cu< 0.0001%, Eu: 0.35-0.55%, Zr: 0.36-0.56%, Ti: 1.8-3.5% and the balance of Al; according to the aluminum alloy section provided by the invention, the corrosion resistance of the material can be maintained for a long time by adding the rare earth element europium and the element zirconium; the mechanical strength of the alloy is improved by adopting a smaller hot rolling speed and a lower reduction ratio to be controlled within 5-9% in the initial hot rolling stage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy, and particularly relates to a manufacturing method of a 6-series container aluminum alloy section.
Background
The aluminum alloy material not only has the advantage of light weight of pure aluminum, but also has mechanical properties and strength superior to those of pure aluminum materials due to the addition of various metal elements. The container made of the aluminum alloy material has light weight, so that the transportation efficiency can be effectively improved, and the cost is reduced. However, the existing aluminum alloy section has cracks and collapse inside the aluminum alloy section, and the cracks and collapse can cause the mechanical property and strength of the section to be lower; the alloy particles in the aluminum alloy section are thicker, and the thicker alloy particles are more easily corroded by acidic substances or alkaline substances when appearing on the surface of the alloy; in addition, the existing aluminum alloy section bar can generate participating stress in the casting process, and the participating stress can accelerate the damage of the aluminum alloy section bar and influence the service life of the aluminum alloy. Meanwhile, as for a special container, particularly when a container material for navigation is prepared, the container material exists in an open sea environment for a long time, so that the corrosion of an aluminum alloy material is more easily caused, and when the container is provided with a high-density article, the requirement on the strength of the aluminum alloy material is higher.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a manufacturing method of a 6-series container aluminum alloy section to solve the technical problems.
The 6-series aluminum alloy profile is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: mg: 0.7-1.6%, Fe: 0.08-0.17%, Mn: 0.82-1.6%, Cr: 5.8-8.7%, Zn: 0.05-0.22%, Be: 0.06-0.13 percent of Si, less than 0.0001 percent of,Cu< 0.0001%, Eu: 0.35-0.55%, Zr: 0.36-0.56%, Ti: 1.8 to 3.5 percent, and the balance of Al.
A preparation method of a 6-series aluminum alloy profile comprises the following steps:
step one, adding pure aluminum liquid into a smelting furnace, wherein the aluminum liquid accounts for 45-50% of the total molten metal solution by mass, then supplementing and adding metal raw materials according to the proportion requirement, and putting the metal raw materials into the smelting furnace one by one according to the following sequence: pure aluminum ingots, scrap, copper, zirconium, zinc, titanium, magnesium, iron, manganese, chromium, beryllium, and europium; after the metal block added in the previous step is completely melted, adding a new metal block each time; smelting for 5-7h at 730-750 ℃ in a smelting furnace; after smelting, spreading a slag removing agent into the solution, then stirring at a high speed for 20-30min, standing for 45-65min, removing floating slag on the upper layer of the metal solution, standing for 1-2h, sampling and analyzing, and feeding materials according to the analysis result to enable all components in the metal melt to meet the requirements; then pumping the aluminum liquid into a standing furnace for standing and degassing, wherein the specific refining and degassing operation comprises the steps of adopting hexachloroethane as a refining agent, taking the addition amount of hexachloroethane as 0.15-0.25% of the total mass of the metal solution, adopting industrial nitrogen as a guide gas, and taking the industrial nitrogen using amount of 0.35-0.45m per ton of the aluminum alloy solution3The refining temperature is 720-;
step two, coating a lubricant on an ingot casting mold, preheating the mold to the temperature of 200 plus one year of 300 ℃, pouring aluminum alloy liquid into the mold ingot at the temperature, adding a crystallization agent, cooling to the temperature of 490-500 ℃, casting into an aluminum alloy ingot, wherein the mold temperature of a tool is 460 plus one year of 480 ℃, the casting outlet temperature is more than 500 ℃, and the residual pressure is 70 mm; cutting off the irregular cast-forged joint;
step three, placing the aluminum alloy casting and forging into a heating furnace, heating to the temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot casting of 280-300 ℃, preserving heat for 8-12h, cooling the furnace to 165 ℃ and then cooling to normal temperature by air;
step four, casting and forging the heat-treated aluminum alloy into a hot rolling mill, and rolling for more than 25 times; the pressing rate from the first time to the tenth time is 5-9%, the rolling speed is 1.5-2.5m/s, the pressing rate from the tenth time to the 20 th time is 15-20%, and the rolling speed is 2.3-3.5 m/s; the rolling reduction rate of the residual rolling is 25-30%, the rolling speed is 3.5-5.0m/s, and finally the blank with the thickness of 20-25mm is rolled at the rolling temperature of 450-;
step five, chemically milling the blank subjected to the hot rolling treatment in the step four, wherein the chemical milling operation is as follows: measuring the dimension of the ribs of the blank and the dimension of the ribs of the actual part, and calculating the chemical milling thickness according to the measurement result; the chemical milling liquid is prepared from the following components in mass concentration: 200-225g/L potassium hydroxide, 15-28g/L potassium sulfide, 125-135g/L ammonium sulfate, 85-95g/L triethanolamine and the balance of water are adopted, the chemical milling liquid is heated to 75-80 ℃, and the chemical milling can be finished when the surface roughness is less than 2.5 mu m after the measurement of the chemical milling, and the positioning holes are adopted for chemical milling positioning, so that the chemical milling error is reduced.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the step one keeps the temperature in the smelting furnace at 745-750 ℃ for smelting for 5-7 h; after smelting, spreading a slag removing agent into the solution, then stirring at a high speed for 20-30min, standing for 50-60min, removing floating slag on the upper layer of the metal solution, standing for 1-2h, sampling and analyzing, and feeding materials according to the analysis result to enable all components in the metal melt to meet the requirements; then pumping the aluminum liquid into a standing furnace for standing and degassing, wherein the specific refining and degassing operation comprises the steps of adopting hexachloroethane as a refining agent, taking the addition amount of hexachloroethane as 0.18-0.22% of the total mass of the metal solution, adopting industrial nitrogen as a guide gas, and taking the industrial nitrogen using amount of 0.38-0.42m per ton of the aluminum alloy solution3The refining temperature is 725 and 735 ℃, and the casting can be carried out after standing for 20-30 min.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the leftover materials generated after the casting, forging and cutting in the step two are intensively returned to the step one for recycling, and the unqualified workpieces generated in the step four and the step five are returned to the step one as waste materials for smelting.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the third step, the aluminum alloy subjected to heat treatment is cast and forged and sent to a hot rolling mill for 25-30 passes of rolling; the pressing rate from the first time to the tenth time is 6-7%, the rolling speed is 1.7-2.3m/s, the pressing rate from the tenth time to the 20 th time is 17-19%, and the rolling speed is 2.6-3.3 m/s; the rolling reduction rate of the residual rolling is 27-28%, the rolling speed is 3.6-4.0m/s, and finally the blank with the thickness of 20-25mm is rolled at the rolling temperature of 450-480 ℃.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the aluminum alloy section is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: mg: 0.8-1.5%, Fe: 0.09-0.16%, Mn: 0.83-1.5%, Cr: 5.9-8.6%, Zn: 0.06-0.21%, Be: 0.07-0.12%, Si < 0.0001%, Cu < 0.0001%, Eu: 0.36-0.54%, Zr: 0.38-0.50%, Ti: 1.9-3.2 percent and the balance of Al.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the chemical milling liquid in the fifth step is prepared from the following components in mass concentration: 210-220g/L potassium hydroxide, 16-26g/L potassium sulfide, 130-132g/L ammonium sulfate, 86-93g/L triethanolamine and the balance of water are adopted.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the casting in the above step needs to be carried out by paying attention to the casting speed which is firstly slow and then gradually accelerated.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the step one, after the waste is added and melted, the slag removing agent is scattered into the smelting furnace, the mixture is stirred at a high speed for 10-15min, then the mixture is kept still for 25-30min, the scum on the upper layer of the solution is fished, and then the residual metal raw materials are added into the smelting furnace one by one.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lubricant in the second step is water and a base lubricant which do not contain graphite.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. according to the aluminum alloy section provided by the invention, by adding the rare earth element europium and the element zirconium and adjusting the mass ratio of europium to zirconium, the crystal grains in the aluminum alloy and on the surface of the aluminum alloy can be refined, so that the crystal grains in the aluminum alloy section are more uniform, and the mechanical strength of the alloy is improved; the element europium can also occupy the element vacant positions on the surface of the aluminum alloy section bar, so that the acid resistance and the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy section bar are improved. In addition, the element europium can effectively prevent the migration of Mg and Zn particles in Al-Mg-Zn crystal grains, namely the element europium can inhibit the crystal grains from deforming, so that the crystal grain structure of the aluminum alloy section can be maintained for a long time, namely the aluminum alloy section still has good mechanical property and corrosion resistance after being used for a long time.
2. According to the invention, in the hot rolling process in the treatment process, in the hot rolling initial stage, the small hot rolling speed and the small pressing rate are controlled to be 5% -9%, the aluminum alloy ingot is slowly deformed in the hot rolling process, and the aluminum alloy can be slowly transited from the hot brittleness state to the processing structure state; and then the pressing rate and the hot rolling speed are gradually increased in the subsequent hot rolling and the action of combining rare elements is exerted, so that loose, inclusion, brittle crystal grains and the like existing in the cast aluminum alloy can be eliminated, the crystal grains in the cast aluminum alloy are more uniform, and the mechanical strength of the alloy is favorably improved.
3. According to the invention, the aluminum alloy casting and forging is put into a heating furnace, the temperature is raised to 280-300 ℃ until the temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot is 280-300 ℃, the temperature is kept for 8-12h, the furnace is cooled to 165 ℃ and then the operation of air cooling to normal temperature is adopted, so that the residual stress of the aluminum alloy can be effectively reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a container manufactured according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the structure at A in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the structure at B in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the structure at C in FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the structure at D in FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 shows the annual corrosion rate of the aluminum alloy sections prepared by the present invention at normal temperature;
FIG. 7 shows the annual corrosion rate at 100 ℃ of the aluminum alloy section prepared by the invention;
FIG. 8 shows the tensile strength (longitudinal direction) of the aluminum alloy section prepared by the present invention;
FIG. 9 shows the elongation of the aluminum alloy section prepared by the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only partial embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings 1 to 4, in conjunction with the embodiments.
Example 1
Preparing alloy Mg according to the following components in percentage by mass: 0.7%, Fe: 0.08%, Mn: 0.82%, Cr: 5.8%, Zn: 0.05%, Be: 0.06 percent of Si, less than 0.0001 percent,Cu< 0.0001%, Eu: 0.35%, Zr: 0.36%, Ti: 1.8 percent and the balance of Al. Wherein the source of the metal Al comprises solid aluminum, molten aluminum liquid, leftover materials and waste materials; the sources of the residual metal are solid metal, leftover materials and waste materials, and the solid metal to be added is adjusted according to the actual amount of the leftover materials and the waste materials in the actual smelting process, so that the composition of the solid metal meets the proportion requirement.
Preparing a chemical milling liquid: the chemical milling liquid is prepared from the following components in mass concentration: 200g/L potassium hydroxide, 15g/L potassium sulfide, 125g/L ammonium sulfate, 85g/L triethanolamine and the balance of water are adopted.
The aluminum alloy section is manufactured according to the following steps:
step one, adding pure aluminum liquid into a smelting furnace, wherein the aluminum liquid accounts for 45-50% of the total molten metal solution by mass, then supplementing and adding metal raw materials according to the proportion requirement, and putting the metal raw materials into the smelting furnace one by one according to the following sequence: pure aluminum ingots, scrap, copper, zirconium, zinc, titanium, magnesium, iron, manganese, chromium, beryllium, and europium; after the metal blocks added in the previous step are completely melted each time, adding new metal blocks, after adding and melting waste materials, scattering a slag-removing agent into a smelting furnace, stirring at a high speed for 10-15min, standing for 25-30min, fishing floating slag on the upper layer of the solution, and then adding the residual metal raw materials into the smelting furnace one by one; smelting for 5-7h at 730-750 ℃ in a smelting furnace; after smelting, spreading a slag removing agent into the solution, then stirring at a high speed for 20-30min, standing for 45-65min, removing floating slag on the upper layer of the metal solution, standing for 1-2h, sampling and analyzing, and feeding materials according to the analysis result to enable all components in the metal melt to meet the requirements; then pumping the aluminum liquid into a standing furnace for standing and degassing, wherein the specific refining and degassing operation comprises the steps of adopting hexachloroethane as a refining agent, taking the addition amount of hexachloroethane as 0.15-0.25% of the total mass of the metal solution, adopting industrial nitrogen as a guide gas, and taking the industrial nitrogen using amount of 0.35-0.45m per ton of the aluminum alloy solution3The refining temperature is 720-740 ℃, the casting can be carried out after standing for 20-30min, and the casting speed needs to be gradually accelerated after the casting speed is slow;
step two, smearing water without graphite and a base lubricant on an ingot casting mold, preheating the mold to the temperature of 200-300 ℃, pouring aluminum alloy liquid into the mold ingot at the temperature, adding a crystallization agent, cooling to 490-500 ℃, casting into an aluminum alloy ingot, wherein the mold temperature of a tool is 460-480 ℃, the casting outlet temperature is more than 500 ℃, and the excess pressure is 70 mm; cutting off the irregular cast-forged joint; and (4) intensively returning leftover materials generated after cutting to the step one for recycling.
Step three, placing the aluminum alloy casting and forging into a heating furnace, heating to the temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot casting of 280-300 ℃, preserving heat for 8-12h, cooling the furnace to 165 ℃ and then cooling to normal temperature by air;
step four, casting and forging the heat-treated aluminum alloy into a hot rolling mill, and rolling for more than 25 times; the pressing rate from the first time to the tenth time is 5-9%, the rolling speed is 1.5-2.5m/s, the pressing rate from the tenth time to the 20 th time is 15-20%, and the rolling speed is 2.3-3.5 m/s; the rolling reduction rate of the residual rolling is 25-30%, the rolling speed is 3.5-5.0m/s, and finally the blank with the thickness of 20-25mm is rolled at the rolling temperature of 450-; the produced unqualified workpieces are returned to the first step for smelting as waste materials;
step five, chemically milling the blank subjected to the hot rolling treatment in the step four, wherein the chemical milling operation is as follows: measuring the dimension of the ribs of the blank and the dimension of the ribs of the actual part, and calculating the chemical milling thickness according to the measurement result; and heating the chemical milling liquid to 75-80 ℃, finishing the chemical milling when the surface roughness is less than 2.5 mu m after the chemical milling is measured, and performing chemical milling positioning by using the positioning holes to reduce the chemical milling error. And the produced unqualified workpieces are returned to the step one for smelting as waste materials.
Example 2
Preparing alloy Mg according to the following components in percentage by mass: 1.6%, Fe: 0.17%, Mn: 1.6%, Cr: 8.7%, Zn: 0.22%, Be: 0.13 percent of Si less than 0.0001 percent,Cu< 0.0001%, Eu: 0.55%, Zr: 0.56%, Ti: 3.5 percent, and the balance of Al. Wherein the source of the metal Al comprises solid aluminum, molten aluminum liquid, leftover materials and waste materials; the sources of the residual metal are solid metal, leftover materials and waste materials, and the solid metal to be added is adjusted according to the actual amount of the leftover materials and the waste materials in the actual smelting process, so that the composition of the solid metal meets the proportion requirement.
Preparing a chemical milling liquid: the chemical milling liquid is prepared from the following components in mass concentration: 225g/L potassium hydroxide, 28g/L potassium sulfide, 135g/L ammonium sulfate, 95g/L triethanolamine and the balance water are adopted.
The procedure in this example was the same as in example 1.
Example 3
Preparing alloy Mg according to the following components in percentage by mass: 1.3%, Fe: 0.11%, Mn: 1.2%, Cr: 6.3%, Zn: 0.15%, Be: 0.11 percent of Si less than 0.0001 percent,Cu< 0.0001%, Eu: 0.45%, Zr: 0.46%, Ti: 2.6 percent and the balance of Al. Wherein the source of metallic Al comprises solid aluminum, molten aluminumMolten aluminum, leftover materials and waste materials; the sources of the residual metal are solid metal, leftover materials and waste materials, and the solid metal to be added is adjusted according to the actual amount of the leftover materials and the waste materials in the actual smelting process, so that the composition of the solid metal meets the proportion requirement.
Preparing a chemical milling liquid: the chemical milling liquid is prepared from the following components in mass concentration: 212g/L potassium hydroxide, 22g/L potassium sulfide, 130g/L ammonium sulfate, 90g/L triethanolamine and the balance of water are adopted.
The procedure in this example was the same as in example 1.
Example 4
Preparing alloy Mg according to the following components in percentage by mass: 1.3%, Fe: 0.11%, Mn: 1.2%, Cr: 6.3%, Zn: 0.15%, Be: 0.11 percent of Si less than 0.0001 percent,Cu< 0.0001%, Eu: 0.45%, Zr: 0.46%, Ti: 2.6 percent and the balance of Al. Wherein the source of the metal Al comprises solid aluminum, molten aluminum liquid, leftover materials and waste materials; the sources of the residual metal are solid metal, leftover materials and waste materials, and the solid metal to be added is adjusted according to the actual amount of the leftover materials and the waste materials in the actual smelting process, so that the composition of the solid metal meets the proportion requirement.
Preparing a chemical milling liquid: the chemical milling liquid is prepared from the following components in mass concentration: 212g/L potassium hydroxide, 22g/L potassium sulfide, 130g/L ammonium sulfate, 90g/L triethanolamine and the balance of water are adopted.
The aluminum alloy section is manufactured according to the following steps:
step one, adding pure aluminum liquid into a smelting furnace, wherein the aluminum liquid accounts for 45-50% of the total molten metal solution by mass, then supplementing and adding metal raw materials according to the proportion requirement, and putting the metal raw materials into the smelting furnace one by one according to the following sequence: pure aluminum ingots, scrap, copper, zirconium, zinc, titanium, magnesium, iron, manganese, chromium, beryllium, and europium; after the metal blocks added in the previous step are completely melted each time, adding new metal blocks, after adding and melting waste materials, scattering a slag-removing agent into a smelting furnace, stirring at a high speed for 10-15min, standing for 25-30min, fishing floating slag on the upper layer of the solution, and then adding the residual metal raw materials into the smelting furnace one by one; smelting for 5-7h at 730-750 ℃ in a smelting furnace; end of smeltingSpreading a slag removing agent into the solution, then stirring at a high speed for 20-30min, standing for 45-65min, removing floating slag on the upper layer of the metal solution, standing for 1-2h, sampling and analyzing, and feeding materials according to the analysis result to enable all components in the metal melt to meet the requirements; then pumping the aluminum liquid into a standing furnace for standing and degassing, wherein the specific refining and degassing operation comprises the steps of adopting hexachloroethane as a refining agent, taking the addition amount of hexachloroethane as 0.15-0.25% of the total mass of the metal solution, adopting industrial nitrogen as a guide gas, and taking the industrial nitrogen using amount of 0.35-0.45m per ton of the aluminum alloy solution3The refining temperature is 720-740 ℃, the casting can be carried out after standing for 20-30min, and the casting speed needs to be gradually accelerated after the casting speed is slow;
step two, smearing water without graphite and a base lubricant on an ingot casting mold, preheating the mold to the temperature of 200-300 ℃, pouring aluminum alloy liquid into the mold ingot at the temperature, adding a crystallization agent, cooling to 490-500 ℃, casting into an aluminum alloy ingot, wherein the mold temperature of a tool is 460-480 ℃, the casting outlet temperature is more than 500 ℃, and the excess pressure is 70 mm; cutting off the irregular cast-forged joint; and (4) intensively returning leftover materials generated after cutting to the step one for recycling.
Step three, casting and forging the heat-treated aluminum alloy into a hot rolling mill, and rolling for more than 25 times; the pressing rate from the first time to the tenth time is 5-9%, the rolling speed is 1.5-2.5m/s, the pressing rate from the tenth time to the 20 th time is 15-20%, and the rolling speed is 2.3-3.5 m/s; the rolling reduction rate of the residual rolling is 25-30%, the rolling speed is 3.5-5.0m/s, and finally the blank with the thickness of 20-25mm is rolled at the rolling temperature of 450-; the produced unqualified workpieces are returned to the first step for smelting as waste materials;
step four, chemically milling the blank subjected to the hot rolling treatment in the step four, wherein the chemical milling operation is as follows: measuring the dimension of the ribs of the blank and the dimension of the ribs of the actual part, and calculating the chemical milling thickness according to the measurement result; and heating the chemical milling liquid to 75-80 ℃, finishing the chemical milling when the surface roughness is less than 2.5 mu m after the chemical milling is measured, and performing chemical milling positioning by using the positioning holes to reduce the chemical milling error. And the produced unqualified workpieces are returned to the step one for smelting as waste materials.
Example 5
Preparing alloy Mg according to the following components in percentage by mass: 0.7-1.6%, Fe: 0.08-0.17%, Mn: 0.82-1.6%, Cr: 5.8-8.7%, Zn: 0.05-0.22%, Be: 0.06-0.13 percent of Si, less than 0.0001 percent of,Cu< 0.0001%, Eu: 0.35-0.55%, Zr: 0.36-0.56%, Ti: 1.8 to 3.5 percent, and the balance of Al. Wherein the source of the metal Al comprises solid aluminum, molten aluminum liquid, leftover materials and waste materials; the sources of the residual metal are solid metal, leftover materials and waste materials, and the solid metal to be added is adjusted according to the actual amount of the leftover materials and the waste materials in the actual smelting process, so that the composition of the solid metal meets the proportion requirement.
Preparing a chemical milling liquid: the chemical milling liquid is prepared from the following components in mass concentration: 212g/L potassium hydroxide, 22g/L potassium sulfide, 130g/L ammonium sulfate, 90g/L triethanolamine and the balance of water are adopted.
The aluminum alloy section is manufactured according to the following steps:
step one, adding pure aluminum liquid into a smelting furnace, wherein the aluminum liquid accounts for 45-50% of the total molten metal solution by mass, then supplementing and adding metal raw materials according to the proportion requirement, and putting the metal raw materials into the smelting furnace one by one according to the following sequence: pure aluminum ingots, scrap, copper, zirconium, zinc, titanium, magnesium, iron, manganese, chromium, beryllium, and europium; after the metal blocks added in the previous step are completely melted each time, adding new metal blocks, after adding and melting waste materials, scattering a slag-removing agent into a smelting furnace, stirring at a high speed for 10-15min, standing for 25-30min, fishing floating slag on the upper layer of the solution, and then adding the residual metal raw materials into the smelting furnace one by one; smelting for 5-7h at 730-750 ℃ in a smelting furnace; after smelting, spreading a slag removing agent into the solution, then stirring at a high speed for 20-30min, standing for 45-65min, removing floating slag on the upper layer of the metal solution, standing for 1-2h, sampling and analyzing, and feeding materials according to the analysis result to enable all components in the metal melt to meet the requirements; then pumping the aluminum liquid into a standing furnace for standing and degassing, wherein the specific refining and degassing operation comprises the steps of adopting hexachloroethane as a refining agent, taking the addition amount of hexachloroethane as 0.15-0.25% of the total mass of the metal solution, adopting industrial nitrogen as a guide gas, and taking the industrial nitrogen using amount of 0.35-0.45m per ton of the aluminum alloy solution3The refining temperature is 720-740 ℃, the casting can be carried out after standing for 20-30min, and the casting speed needs to be gradually accelerated after the casting speed is slow;
step two, smearing water without graphite and a base lubricant on an ingot casting mold, preheating the mold to the temperature of 200-300 ℃, pouring aluminum alloy liquid into the mold ingot at the temperature, adding a crystallization agent, cooling to 490-500 ℃, casting into an aluminum alloy ingot, wherein the mold temperature of a tool is 460-480 ℃, the casting outlet temperature is more than 500 ℃, and the excess pressure is 70 mm; cutting off the irregular cast-forged joint; and (4) intensively returning leftover materials generated after cutting to the step one for recycling.
Step three, placing the aluminum alloy casting and forging into a heating furnace, heating to the temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot casting of 280-300 ℃, preserving heat for 8-12h, cooling the furnace to 165 ℃ and then cooling to normal temperature by air;
step four, casting and forging the heat-treated aluminum alloy into a hot rolling mill, and rolling for more than 25 times; the rolling reduction rate of each time is 25-30%, the rolling speed is 3.5-5.0m/s, and finally the blank with the thickness of 20-25mm is rolled at the rolling temperature of 450-; the produced unqualified workpieces are returned to the first step for smelting as waste materials;
step five, chemically milling the blank subjected to the hot rolling treatment in the step four, wherein the chemical milling operation is as follows: measuring the dimension of the ribs of the blank and the dimension of the ribs of the actual part, and calculating the chemical milling thickness according to the measurement result; and heating the chemical milling liquid to 75-80 ℃, finishing the chemical milling when the surface roughness is less than 2.5 mu m after the chemical milling is measured, and performing chemical milling positioning by using the positioning holes to reduce the chemical milling error. And the produced unqualified workpieces are returned to the step one for smelting as waste materials.
Example 6
Preparing alloy Mg according to the following components in percentage by mass: 1.3%, Fe: 0.11%, Mn: 1.2%, Cr: 6.3%, Zn: 0.15%, Be: 0.11%, Si < 0.0001%, Cu < 0.0001%, Zr: 0.46%, Ti: 2.6 percent and the balance of Al. Wherein the source of the metal Al comprises solid aluminum, molten aluminum liquid, leftover materials and waste materials; the sources of the residual metal are solid metal, leftover materials and waste materials, and the solid metal to be added is adjusted according to the actual amount of the leftover materials and the waste materials in the actual smelting process, so that the composition of the solid metal meets the proportion requirement.
Preparing a chemical milling liquid: the chemical milling liquid is prepared from the following components in mass concentration: 212g/L potassium hydroxide, 22g/L potassium sulfide, 130g/L ammonium sulfate, 90g/L triethanolamine and the balance of water are adopted.
The procedure in this example was the same as in example 1.
Example 4 compared with example 3, the heat treatment step of the aluminum alloy profile is absent to compare the effect of the heat treatment step on eliminating the stress participated in the aluminum alloy profile; compared with the embodiment 3, the embodiment 5 lacks the step that the hot rolling reduction rate and the reduction rate are gradually increased from small to large, and is used for comparing the influence of the hot rolling treatment on the mechanical strength and the mechanical property of the alloy; example 6 is compared with example 3, and lacks rare element europium, in order to compare the influence of rare element on the acid and alkali corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy section. Comparative examples 1 and 2 are the results of various measurements of the existing aluminum alloy profiles. The results are shown in the following table. The heat treatment step results in effective stress relief by comparing example 4 with example 3; the mechanical property and the strength of the aluminum alloy section can be effectively improved by increasing the hot rolling reduction rate and the hot rolling speed step by step through comparing the embodiment 5 with the embodiment 3; the addition of rare metal europium obtained by comparing the embodiment 6 with the embodiment 3 can effectively improve the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy section. The corrosion resistance and the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy section prepared by the invention have obvious advantages by comparing the examples 1, 2 and 3 with the comparative examples 1 and 2 respectively.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A6-series container aluminum alloy section is characterized in thatThe aluminum alloy section is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: mg: 0.7-1.6%, Fe: 0.08-0.17%, Mn: 0.82-1.6%, Cr: 5.8-8.7%, Zn: 0.05-0.22%, Be: 0.06-0.13 percent of Si, less than 0.0001 percent of,Cu< 0.0001%, Eu: 0.35-0.55%, Zr: 0.36-0.56%, Ti: 1.8-3.5% and the balance of Al;
the manufacturing method of the aluminum alloy profile comprises the following steps:
step one, adding pure aluminum liquid into a smelting furnace, wherein the aluminum liquid accounts for 45-50% of the total molten metal solution by mass, then supplementing and adding metal raw materials according to the proportion requirement, and putting the metal raw materials into the smelting furnace one by one according to the following sequence: pure aluminum ingots, scrap, copper, zirconium, zinc, titanium, magnesium, iron, manganese, chromium, beryllium, and europium; after the metal block added in the previous step is completely melted, adding a new metal block each time; smelting for 5-7h at 730-750 ℃ in a smelting furnace; after smelting, spreading a slag removing agent into the solution, then stirring at a high speed for 20-30min, standing for 45-65min, removing floating slag on the upper layer of the metal solution, standing for 1-2h, sampling and analyzing, and feeding materials according to the analysis result to enable all components in the metal melt to meet the requirements; then pumping the aluminum liquid into a standing furnace for standing and degassing, wherein the specific refining and degassing operation comprises the steps of adopting hexachloroethane as a refining agent, taking the addition amount of hexachloroethane as 0.15-0.25% of the total mass of the metal solution, adopting industrial nitrogen as a guide gas, and taking the industrial nitrogen using amount of 0.35-0.45m per ton of the aluminum alloy solution3The refining temperature is 720-;
step two, coating a lubricant on an ingot casting mold, preheating the mold to the temperature of 200 plus one year of 300 ℃, pouring aluminum alloy liquid into the mold ingot at the temperature, adding a crystallization agent, cooling to the temperature of 490-500 ℃, casting into an aluminum alloy ingot, wherein the mold temperature of a tool is 460 plus one year of 480 ℃, the casting outlet temperature is more than 500 ℃, and the residual pressure is 70 mm; cutting off the irregular cast-forged joint;
step three, placing the aluminum alloy casting and forging into a heating furnace, heating to the temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot casting of 280-300 ℃, preserving heat for 8-12h, cooling the furnace to 165 ℃ and then cooling to normal temperature by air;
step four, casting and forging the heat-treated aluminum alloy into a hot rolling mill, and rolling for more than 25 times; the pressing rate from the first time to the tenth time is 5-9%, the rolling speed is 1.5-2.5m/s, the pressing rate from the tenth time to the 20 th time is 15-20%, and the rolling speed is 2.3-3.5 m/s; the rolling reduction rate of the residual rolling is 25-30%, the rolling speed is 3.5-5.0m/s, and finally the blank with the thickness of 20-25mm is rolled at the rolling temperature of 450-;
step five, chemically milling the blank subjected to the hot rolling treatment in the step four, wherein the chemical milling operation is as follows: measuring the dimension of the ribs of the blank and the dimension of the ribs of the actual part, and calculating the chemical milling thickness according to the measurement result; the chemical milling liquid is prepared from the following components in mass concentration: 200-225g/L potassium hydroxide, 15-28g/L potassium sulfide, 125-135g/L ammonium sulfate, 85-95g/L triethanolamine and the balance of water are adopted, the chemical milling liquid is heated to 75-80 ℃, and the chemical milling can be finished when the surface roughness is less than 2.5 mu m after the measurement of the chemical milling, and the positioning holes are adopted for chemical milling positioning, so that the chemical milling error is reduced.
2. The series 6 container aluminum alloy profile as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of maintaining the temperature in the melting furnace at 745 ℃ -750 ℃ for 5-7 h; after smelting, spreading a slag removing agent into the solution, then stirring at a high speed for 20-30min, standing for 50-60min, removing floating slag on the upper layer of the metal solution, standing for 1-2h, sampling and analyzing, and feeding materials according to the analysis result to enable all components in the metal melt to meet the requirements; then pumping the aluminum liquid into a standing furnace for standing and degassing, wherein the specific refining and degassing operation comprises the steps of adopting hexachloroethane as a refining agent, taking the addition amount of hexachloroethane as 0.18-0.22% of the total mass of the metal solution, adopting industrial nitrogen as a guide gas, and taking the industrial nitrogen using amount of 0.38-0.42m per ton of the aluminum alloy solution3The refining temperature is 725 and 735 ℃, and the casting can be carried out after standing for 20-30 min.
3. The series-6 container aluminum alloy section bar as claimed in claim 1, wherein the leftover materials generated after the casting, forging and cutting in the step two are intensively sent back to the step one for recycling, and the unqualified workpieces generated in the step four and the step five are returned to the step one for smelting as waste materials.
4. The series 6 container aluminum alloy section bar as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heat-treated aluminum alloy is cast and forged into a hot rolling mill for 25-30 rolling in the third step; the pressing rate from the first time to the tenth time is 6-7%, the rolling speed is 1.7-2.3m/s, the pressing rate from the tenth time to the 20 th time is 17-19%, and the rolling speed is 2.6-3.3 m/s; the rolling reduction rate of the residual rolling is 27-28%, the rolling speed is 3.6-4.0m/s, and finally the blank with the thickness of 20-25mm is rolled at the rolling temperature of 450-480 ℃.
5. The aluminum alloy profile for the 6-series container according to claim 1, which is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: mg: 0.8-1.5%, Fe: 0.09-0.16%, Mn: 0.83-1.5%, Cr: 5.9-8.6%, Zn: 0.06-0.21%, Be: 0.07-0.12%, Si < 0.0001%, Cu < 0.0001%, Eu: 0.36-0.54%, Zr: 0.38-0.50%, Ti: 1.9-3.2 percent and the balance of Al.
6. The series 6 container aluminum alloy profile as claimed in claim 1, wherein the chemical milling liquid in the fifth step is prepared from the following components in mass concentration: 210-220g/L potassium hydroxide, 16-26g/L potassium sulfide, 130-132g/L ammonium sulfate, 86-93g/L triethanolamine and the balance of water are adopted.
7. The aluminum alloy profile for the 6-series container according to claim 1, wherein the casting in the first step requires attention to the casting speed which is gradually accelerated after being slow.
8. The series 6 container aluminum alloy profile as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the first step, after the scrap is added and melted, a slag-removing agent is sprinkled into the smelting furnace, the mixture is stirred at a high speed for 10-15min, then the mixture is left standing for 25-30min, the scum on the upper layer of the solution is fished, and then the residual metal raw materials are added into the smelting furnace one by one.
9. The aluminum alloy profile for a 6-series container according to claim 1, wherein the lubricant in the second step is water and a base lubricant without graphite.
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