CN112123036B - High-precision grinding process of small-modulus rolling slotting tool - Google Patents
High-precision grinding process of small-modulus rolling slotting tool Download PDFInfo
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- CN112123036B CN112123036B CN202010995173.7A CN202010995173A CN112123036B CN 112123036 B CN112123036 B CN 112123036B CN 202010995173 A CN202010995173 A CN 202010995173A CN 112123036 B CN112123036 B CN 112123036B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B3/00—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools
- B24B3/02—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools of milling cutters
- B24B3/12—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools of milling cutters of hobs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/06—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies
- B24B41/061—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies axially supporting turning workpieces, e.g. magnetically, pneumatically
- B24B41/062—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies axially supporting turning workpieces, e.g. magnetically, pneumatically between centres; Dogs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
- B24B49/12—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation involving optical means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
- B24B49/16—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation taking regard of the load
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B51/00—Arrangements for automatic control of a series of individual steps in grinding a workpiece
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B53/00—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces
- B24B53/06—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces of profiled abrasive wheels
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of manufacturing of rolling slotting tools, in particular to a high-precision grinding process of a small-modulus rolling slotting tool, which comprises the steps of grinding equipment selection, grinding wheel correction, workpiece installation, grinding path planning, grinding programming and tooth-shaped line point grinding; the tooth-shaped line point grinding comprises a first grinding path plan and a second grinding path plan; in the first grinding path planning, a plurality of radial grinding molded lines of the tooth-shaped surface are arranged, a certain molded line axial distance is formed between every two adjacent radial grinding molded lines, and the point-of-grinding wheel is used for gradually pushing and grinding along the radial grinding molded lines of the tooth-shaped surface of the small-module hob one by one from left to right and from front to back; in the second grinding path planning, a plurality of axial grinding molded lines of the tooth surface are arranged, a certain molded line radial distance is formed between every two adjacent axial grinding molded lines, and the grinding point-in-time grinding wheel is used for gradually pushing and grinding along the axial grinding molded lines of the tooth surface of the small-module slotting cutter firstly along the tooth top and then along the tooth bottom. The invention realizes the high-precision processing of the small-modulus rolling slotting tool.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rolling slotting tool manufacturing, in particular to a high-precision grinding process of a small-modulus rolling slotting tool.
Background
The small module rolling slotting cutter (rolling slotting cutter also known as gear turning cutter) is a continuous modified gear with front angle and rear angle, each section vertical to the axis of the rolling slotting cutter has different modification coefficients, top circle diameter and tooth thickness, and the gear theoretical value with the same module is only on the original section with the modification coefficient being zero. Under the drive of the special hobbing cutter, the cutting motion of the hobbing cutter and the meshing generating motion of the gear to be cut form the tooth surface of the envelope surface, so the precision of the tooth surface envelope surface is determined by the cutting motion of the hobbing cutter and the meshing generating motion precision of the gear. Therefore, when the function and the motion precision of the special hobbing and slotting machine reach the standard, the key factor of the decision is the quality of the hobbing and slotting cutter and the gear blank, and the problem of improving the precision of the hobbing and slotting cutter is a common concern of people in the industry.
The module specifications of the rolling slotting tool are large, medium and small, wherein the rolling slotting tool with the medium and small module number is more, and the rolling slotting tool with the medium and small module number and the handle type rolling slotting tool are divided into a hole type rolling slotting tool and a handle type rolling slotting tool according to the clamping structure form of the rolling slotting tool, wherein the hole type rolling slotting tool comprises a disc type rolling slotting tool, a bowl type rolling slotting tool and a barrel type rolling slotting tool, and the handle type rolling slotting tool mainly takes a Morse short cone. Hard alloy rolling and slotting tools and high-speed steel rolling and slotting tools are divided according to the tool materials. The equipment and the process for manufacturing the medium-modulus rolling slotting tool are mature, the precision of the rolling slotting tool tends to be high-end intelligent grinding machines, and the mature process can grind the rolling slotting tool with the AAA precision and the Ra of less than 1.6. For a rolling cutter with a small modulus of 0.1-1 mm (see fig. 1 in detail), the production is less and the process is still in the research and development stage at present due to the large processing difficulty and the need of matching high-end equipment.
The growth and development process of the small module hobbing cutter tooth grinding technology is as follows:
growth and development of small-module rolling slotting tool gear grinding technology
The grinding process of the small-modulus rolling slotting tool mainly comprises three parts: the combination of the three determines the performance, the precision and the durability of the rolling slotting tool. The grinding of the mounting base surface is a conventional grinding, the grinding of the tooth shape and the cutting edge is advanced along with the deepening of scientific technology and processing principle, the process equipment is upgraded and updated, the manufacturing precision of the roll slotting tool is upgraded from DIN A grade to DIN AAA grade along with the upgrading of the manufacturing precision of the roll slotting tool, and the transmission efficiency and precision of the small module and the small micro-gear are effectively improved. The most important and most complicated process for manufacturing the rolling slotting tool is grinding of a tooth profile, according to the principle and the characteristic that the tooth profile of the rolling slotting tool is a spiral involute surface, the tooth profile of the rolling slotting tool can be ground by using the plane of a grinding wheel and the grinding tooth surface according to the gear and rack meshing principle, along with the technical innovation of the tooth profile grinding of the rolling slotting tool, the intellectualization of equipment and the improvement of the process level, the rolling slotting tool is rapidly developed through the following grinding growth stage.
1. According to the principle of meshing between a gear and a rack and the principle that the movement speed of a meshing point on a meshing line is equal to the peripheral speed on a base circle according to the characteristic that a generating line rolls on the base circle, the base circle diameter R of the explorator can be obtained by applying a profiling explorator mechanism0The roll slotting tool base circle diameter R and the installation angle alpha of the sliding seat guide rail: r ═ R0COS alpha is multiplied, so that not only can the grinding wheel plane grind a spiral involute surface on the tooth surface of the rolling slotting tool by the profiling motion of the involute profiling plate, but also a mounting angle is rotated together with a generating line by a sliding seat guide rail of a base circle, thereby overcoming the defect that the rolling slotting tool grinds the fixed circumferential line of the grinding wheel plane to lead uneven wear of the grinding wheel plane (namely, the end surface of the grinding wheel is equivalent to one surface on a rack and the tooth-shaped surface of the rolling slotting tool to realize circular plane grinding and prolong the durability of the grinding wheel), but also reducing the number of profiling plates by adjusting the mounting angle of the sliding seat (detailed in figure 2). The grinding method can be completed in a domestic Y7125 and a foreign Naxina type gear grinding machine.
2. In the era of rising intelligent numerical control, the birth of X, Y, Z, A, W, B, C seven-axis six-linkage high-end hobbing cutter gear grinding machine manufactured by Germany and the birth of Swiss five-axis five-linkage numerical control cutter grinding machine, the mechanical gear grinding enters the era of numerical control high-precision gear grinding by applying special software. The grinding machine naturally generates a double-sided or single-sided formed grinding wheel (rack) by inputting corresponding data through software, forms a spiral involute surface by the non-intermittent meshing of the grinding wheel and a gear (a roll slotting cutter), and forms a top circle back angle, a reference circle tooth side back angle, a reference circle spiral angle, a tooth top tooth bottom circular arc, a front edge face tooth thickness and a common normal value of the roll slotting cutter through the adjustment of a numerical control shaft and the interpolation motion of the corresponding shaft (see figure 3 in detail).
In order to further improve the machining precision of the small-modulus rolling slotting tool and expand the machining precision to a small-modulus micro-scale, innovation and improvement are needed on the basis of introducing high-end equipment through improving a machine tool structure and on the basis of the original function, rolling slotting tool machining software is designed and perfected on the basis of a multi-shaft linkage numerical control tool grinding machine, and molded line point grinding is applied to grind rolling slotting tools with different specifications and different molded lines, so that the small-modulus micro-scale rolling slotting tool is suitable for development requirements of small-modulus and small-modulus precision machinery, robots and instrument and meter industries.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a high-precision grinding process of a small-modulus rolling slotting tool, and aims to realize high-precision machining of the small-modulus rolling slotting tool. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
the high-precision grinding process of the small-modulus rolling slotting tool is characterized by comprising a tooth-shaped grinding process, a cutting edge grinding process and a mounting reference surface grinding process, wherein the tooth-shaped surface grinding process comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting grinding equipment: a multi-shaft linkage numerical control tool grinder with more than six shafts and five linkages is used as grinding equipment for the tooth shape of the small-modulus rolling slotting tool; the multiple axes include at least three moving axes and three rotating axes; each linkage shaft of the multi-shaft linkage numerical control tool grinding machine can perform interpolation motion, and a grinding shaft turntable of the multi-shaft linkage numerical control tool grinding machine can select a plurality of grinding wheel grinding heads with different specifications;
(2) selecting a grinding wheel: adopting a disc-shaped double-bevel point grinding wheel, wherein the material of the disc-shaped double-bevel point grinding wheel is selected according to the material of a rolling slotting tool, and the excircle of the disc-shaped double-bevel point grinding wheel participating in grinding has a V-shaped sharp-top shape;
(3) and (3) grinding wheel correction: the V-shaped peak of the disc-shaped double-slope point grinding wheel is accurately finished by adopting grinding wheel finishing software, so that the symmetry of double slopes of the V-shaped peak and the accuracy of the arc radius of the peak are ensured, and the accurate motion precision of the disc-shaped double-slope point grinding wheel is realized;
(4) workpiece installation: precisely installing the small-modulus rolling slotting tool on a workpiece shaft of a multi-shaft linkage numerical control tool grinding machine in a double-thimble clamping mode or a clamping mode of one thimble and one clamp;
(5) planning a grinding path: the path plan comprises a first grinding path plan and a second grinding path plan; the first grinding path planning is characterized in that a plurality of radial grinding molded lines of a tooth-shaped surface are arranged, a certain molded line axial distance is formed between every two adjacent radial grinding molded lines, grinding is carried out by sequentially pushing a point grinding wheel left and right along the radial grinding molded lines of the tooth-shaped surface of the small-module hob and then grinding from front to back, and the step of sequentially pushing the grinding wheel left and right from front to back is carried out by pointing the point grinding wheel to finish grinding one molded line along the radial grinding molded line in the left-right direction and then pushing the point grinding wheel to the next adjacent radial grinding molded line in the front-to-back direction for grinding; in the second grinding path planning, a plurality of axial grinding molded lines of the tooth surface are arranged, a certain molded line radial distance is arranged between adjacent axial grinding molded lines, grinding is carried out by the point grinding wheel along the axial grinding molded line of the tooth surface of the small-module rolling cutter in a manner of advancing the tooth top and the tooth bottom one by one, and the advancing grinding of the tooth top and the tooth bottom one by one refers to that the point grinding wheel finishes grinding one molded line along the axial grinding molded line and then advances to the adjacent next axial grinding molded line for grinding according to the direction from the tooth top to the tooth bottom;
(6) grinding programming: generating a first grinding feed path program according to the first grinding path plan and a second grinding feed path program according to the second grinding path plan by adopting the in-line grinding processing programming software of the grinding equipment or the out-of-line programming software of the non-grinding equipment; when in-line grinding machining programming software of the grinding equipment is selected for grinding programming, a grinding line CAD graph of a feed path is stored into a DXF format and then is imported into the in-line grinding machining programming software, and then the in-line grinding machining programming software is converted into a grinding feed path program;
(7) point grinding of tooth-shaped lines: and starting the multi-shaft linkage numerical control cutter grinding machine, firstly grinding the tooth profile of the small-module rolling slotting cutter for the first time according to a first grinding feed path program, then grinding the tooth profile of the small-module rolling slotting cutter for the second time according to a second grinding feed path program, and naturally forming a staggered microscopically grid-type grinding cutter pattern curved tooth profile surface on the small-module rolling slotting cutter after the tooth profile is ground for the first time and the tooth profile is ground for the second time.
The axial distance of the radial grinding molded lines is 0.5-1 mm, and the radial distance of the axial grinding molded lines is 0.01-0.015 mm.
In order to verify the feed path program and prevent machining interference, grinding machining programming software is adopted to carry out a virtual simulation grinding test so as to verify the accuracy of the grinding feed path program.
As a further improvement of the invention, the tooth profile grinding of the small-module slotting cutter is provided with a pre-grinding test procedure before formal grinding, a grinding carriage of the grinding equipment is refitted with a V-shaped pinnacle wear monitoring recorder provided with a disc-shaped double-bevel point grinding wheel, the tooth profile of the small-module slotting cutter dynamically records the wear condition of the V-shaped pinnacle of the disc-shaped double-bevel point grinding wheel in the whole process in the pre-grinding test procedure and forms a wear curve, and in the grinding programming of the step (6), off-line programming software is adopted to compensate the wear amount of the disc-shaped double-bevel point grinding wheel and generate a corrected feed path program considering the wear compensation condition so as to further improve the tooth profile grinding precision, wherein the corrected feed path program is used for the formal tooth profile grinding of the small-module slotting cutter.
The detecting head of the V-shaped pinnacle wear monitoring recorder of the disc-shaped double-bevel point grinding wheel is positioned on the other side of one side of the disc-shaped double-bevel point grinding wheel, which is contacted with the workpiece.
Preferably, the wear curve comprises a wear curve of a first grinding of the tooth profile and a wear curve of a second grinding of the tooth profile to enable wear compensation for the first grinding of the tooth profile and the second grinding of the tooth profile, respectively.
Preferably, the wear amount on the wear curve is divided into sections according to size, and the average wear value of each section is used as the wear compensation value of the section.
In the invention, a workpiece probe is arranged on the grinding equipment to obtain the mounting position of a workpiece (a rolling slotting cutter).
In the invention, the small-module rolling cutter is modeled by three-dimensional design software and then is regenerated into the grinding profile CAD drawing.
According to the invention, statistical software is arranged on the V-shaped sharp top abrasion monitoring recorder of the disc-shaped double-bevel point grinding wheel, when the small-modulus slotting cutters are ground in a large batch, the V-shaped sharp top abrasion monitoring recorder monitors the abrasion condition of the first grinding of the tooth profile and the abrasion condition of the second grinding of the tooth profile in the tooth profile grinding process of each slotting cutter, and the average abrasion curve of the abrasion of the first grinding of the tooth profile and the average abrasion curve of the abrasion of the second grinding of the tooth profile are generated through statistics and used for abrasion compensation of subsequent workpieces, so that high-precision stable processing in a large batch generation mode is realized.
The high-precision grinding process of the small-modulus rolling slotting tool is suitable for high-precision grinding machining of the tooth form of the small-modulus rolling slotting tool with the modulus of 0.1-1 mm.
In the invention, after the high-precision grinding of the small-modulus rolling slotting tool is finished, the high-precision detection and verification of the peripheral tooth parameters of the small-modulus rolling slotting tool are realized by adopting a gear detection machine with an optical fiber measuring head, and the high-precision detection and verification of the front end face and the tooth shape parameters of the rolling slotting tool are realized by adopting a vertical optical measuring instrument with a zooming contour filter mirror. Through the high-precision detection and verification, the precision grade of the small-modulus rolling slotting tool is finally guaranteed to reach the DIN AAA grade.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
firstly, according to the high-precision grinding process of the small-module rolling slotting tool, the bidirectional grinding path comprising the first grinding path plan and the second grinding path plan is planned in the grinding path plan, so that a grid type grinding cutter flower with the tooth surface of 0.5-1 mm multiplied by 0.01-0.015 mm, namely a spiral involute surface or a special type line can be formed, and high grinding efficiency is obtained while good tooth profile precision and tooth surface roughness are obtained.
Secondly, according to the high-precision grinding process of the small-modulus slotting cutter, the V-shaped sharp-top abrasion monitoring recorder provided with the disc-shaped double-bevel point grinding wheel in a matched mode through off-line programming is used for obtaining the whole process abrasion curve of the small-modulus slotting cutter in the tooth profile grinding process, and the abrasion curve is used for grinding compensation of the follow-up small-modulus slotting cutter in formal tooth profile grinding, so that the grinding precision is further improved.
Thirdly, according to measurement, by adopting the high-precision grinding process, the small-modulus rolling slotting tool can obtain DIN AA-DIN AAA tooth profile precision, and can also be developed for grinding small-modulus rolling slotting tools.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a small module rolling slotting cutter;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a prior art gear grinding of a roller slotting cutter mechanical profiling semi-automatic machine tool adopting a gear and rack meshing principle;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a five-axis five-linkage or higher high-end numerical control hobbing and slotting cutter grinder gear grinding in the prior art;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the tooth shape point grinding of the molded line of the grinding machine using a six-axis five-linkage numerical control tool of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a tooth profile of a plunge cutter and a schematic of a grinding profile on the plunge cutter;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of a high-precision grinding process of the small-modulus rolling slotting tool.
In fig. 1: m is a modulus, Z is a tooth number, alpha is a pressure angle, gamma is a front angle, alpha E is a top rear angle, alpha c is a side rear angle, w is a cycloidal helix angle of the roll slotting tool (note: the helix angle of the roll slotting tool is zero degrees and is not marked in the figure), s is a tooth thickness, Ra is an addendum circular arc, R is a dedendum circular arc, h is an upper tooth, hb is a full tooth height, and E1, E2, E3 and E4 are tooth profile evaluation points; de is the diameter of the top circle, df is the diameter of the partial circle, de is the diameter of the root circle, D is the diameter of the handle, D1 is the journal, L is the total length, L2 is the length of the blade, L3 is the length of the handle, and bb is the detection cross section.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
Fig. 1 to 5 show an embodiment of a high-precision grinding process of a small module plunge cutter according to the present invention, which includes a tooth profile grinding process, a cutting edge grinding process and a mounting reference surface grinding process, wherein the tooth profile grinding process includes the following steps:
(1) selecting grinding equipment: a multi-shaft linkage numerical control tool grinder with more than six shafts and five linkages is used as grinding equipment for grinding the tooth form of the small-modulus rolling slotting cutter; the multiple axes include at least three moving axes and four rotating axes; each linkage shaft of the multi-shaft linkage numerical control tool grinding machine can perform interpolation motion, and a grinding shaft turntable of the multi-shaft linkage numerical control tool grinding machine can select a plurality of grinding wheel grinding heads with different specifications;
(2) selecting a grinding wheel: adopting a disc-shaped double-bevel point grinding wheel, wherein the material of the disc-shaped double-bevel point grinding wheel is selected according to the material of a rolling slotting tool, and the outer circle of the disc-shaped double-bevel point grinding wheel participating in grinding has a V-shaped sharp-top shape;
(3) and (3) grinding wheel correction: the V-shaped peak of the disc-shaped double-slope point grinding wheel is accurately finished by adopting grinding wheel finishing software, so that the symmetry of double slopes of the V-shaped peak and the accuracy of the arc radius of the peak are ensured, and the accurate motion precision of the disc-shaped double-slope point grinding wheel is realized;
(4) workpiece installation: precisely installing the small-modulus rolling slotting tool on a workpiece shaft of a multi-shaft linkage numerical control tool grinding machine in a double-thimble clamping mode or a clamping mode of one thimble and one clamp;
(5) planning a grinding path: the path plan comprises a first grinding path plan and a second grinding path plan; the first grinding path planning is characterized in that a plurality of radial grinding molded lines of a tooth-shaped surface are arranged, a certain molded line axial distance is formed between every two adjacent radial grinding molded lines, grinding is carried out by sequentially pushing a point grinding wheel left and right along the radial grinding molded lines of the tooth-shaped surface of the small-module hob and then grinding from front to back, and the step of sequentially pushing the grinding wheel left and right from front to back is carried out by pointing the point grinding wheel to finish grinding one molded line along the radial grinding molded line in the left-right direction and then pushing the point grinding wheel to the next adjacent radial grinding molded line in the front-to-back direction for grinding; in the second grinding path planning, a plurality of axial grinding molded lines of the tooth surface are arranged, a certain molded line radial distance is arranged between adjacent axial grinding molded lines, grinding is carried out by the point grinding wheel along the axial grinding molded line of the tooth surface of the small-module rolling cutter in a manner of advancing the tooth top and the tooth bottom one by one, and the advancing grinding of the tooth top and the tooth bottom one by one refers to that the point grinding wheel finishes grinding one molded line along the axial grinding molded line and then advances to the adjacent next axial grinding molded line for grinding according to the direction from the tooth top to the tooth bottom;
(6) grinding programming: generating a first grinding feed path program according to the first grinding path plan and a second grinding feed path program according to the second grinding path plan by adopting the in-line grinding processing programming software of the grinding equipment or the out-of-line programming software of the non-grinding equipment; when in-line grinding machining programming software of the grinding equipment is selected for grinding programming, a grinding line CAD graph of a feed path is stored into a DXF format and then is imported into the in-line grinding machining programming software, and then the in-line grinding machining programming software is converted into a grinding feed path program;
(7) point grinding of tooth-shaped lines: and starting the multi-shaft linkage numerical control cutter grinding machine, firstly grinding the tooth profile of the small-module rolling slotting cutter for the first time according to a first grinding feed path program, then grinding the tooth profile of the small-module rolling slotting cutter for the second time according to a second grinding feed path program, and naturally forming a staggered microscopically grid-type grinding cutter pattern curved tooth profile surface on the small-module rolling slotting cutter after the tooth profile is ground for the first time and the tooth profile is ground for the second time.
The axial distance of the molded lines is 0.5-1 mm, and the radial distance of the molded lines is 0.01-0.015 mm.
In order to verify the feed path program and prevent machining interference, grinding machining programming software is adopted to carry out a virtual simulation grinding test so as to verify the accuracy of the grinding feed path program.
As a further improvement of this embodiment, the tooth profile grinding of the small module slotting cutter is provided with a pre-grinding test procedure before formal grinding, a grinding carriage of the grinding equipment is modified by a V-shaped pinnacle wear monitoring recorder provided with a disc-shaped double-bevel point grinding wheel, the tooth profile of the small module slotting cutter dynamically records the wear condition of the V-shaped pinnacle of the disc-shaped double-bevel point grinding wheel in the whole process in the pre-grinding test procedure and forms a wear curve, and in the grinding programming of step (6), off-line programming software is adopted to compensate the wear amount of the disc-shaped double-bevel point grinding wheel and generate a corrected feed path program considering the wear compensation condition so as to further improve the accuracy of the tooth profile grinding, and the corrected feed path program is used for the formal tooth profile grinding of the small module slotting cutter.
The detecting head of the V-shaped pinnacle wear monitoring recorder of the disc-shaped double-bevel point grinding wheel is positioned on the other side of one side of the disc-shaped double-bevel point grinding wheel, which is contacted with the workpiece.
Preferably, the wear curve comprises a wear curve of a first grinding of the tooth profile and a wear curve of a second grinding of the tooth profile to enable wear compensation for the first grinding of the tooth profile and the second grinding of the tooth profile, respectively.
Preferably, the wear amount on the wear curve is divided into sections according to size, and the average wear value of each section is used as the wear compensation value of the section.
In this embodiment, a workpiece probe is provided on the grinding apparatus to obtain a workpiece (plunge cutter) mounting position.
In this embodiment, the small module rolling cutter is modeled by three-dimensional design software and then generates the grinding profile CAD drawing.
In this embodiment, the V-shaped nose wear monitoring recorder of the disc-shaped double-bevel point grinding wheel is provided with statistical software, when grinding the small-modulus slotting cutters in large batches, the V-shaped nose wear monitoring recorder monitors the wear condition of the first grinding of the tooth profile and the wear condition of the second grinding of the tooth profile in the tooth profile grinding process of each slotting cutter, and an average wear curve of the wear of the first grinding of the tooth profile and an average wear curve of the wear of the second grinding of the tooth profile are generated through statistics and used for wear compensation of subsequent workpieces, so that high-precision stable processing in a large batch generation mode is realized.
The high-precision grinding process of the small-modulus rolling slotting tool is suitable for high-precision grinding machining of the tooth form of the small-modulus rolling slotting tool with the modulus of 0.1-1 mm.
In this embodiment, after the high-precision grinding of the small-module plunge cutter is completed, the gear detector with the optical fiber probe is used to realize the high-precision detection and verification of the peripheral tooth parameters of the small-module plunge cutter, and the vertical optical measuring instrument with the zoom contour filter mirror is used to realize the high-precision detection and verification of the front end face and the tooth parameters of the plunge cutter. Through the high-precision detection and verification, the precision grade of the small-modulus rolling slotting tool is finally guaranteed to reach DIN AA-AAA.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The high-precision grinding process of the small-module rolling slotting tool is characterized by comprising a tooth profile grinding process, a cutting edge grinding process and a mounting reference surface grinding process, wherein the tooth profile grinding process comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting grinding equipment: a multi-shaft linkage numerical control tool grinder with more than six shafts and five linkages is used as grinding equipment for grinding the tooth form of the small-modulus rolling slotting cutter; the multiple axes include at least three moving axes and three rotating axes; each linkage shaft of the multi-shaft linkage numerical control tool grinding machine can perform interpolation motion, and a grinding shaft turntable of the multi-shaft linkage numerical control tool grinding machine can select a plurality of grinding wheel grinding heads with different specifications;
(2) selecting a grinding wheel: adopting a disc-shaped double-bevel point grinding wheel, wherein the material of the disc-shaped double-bevel point grinding wheel is selected according to the material of a rolling slotting tool, and the outer circle of the disc-shaped double-bevel point grinding wheel participating in grinding has a V-shaped sharp-top shape;
(3) and (3) grinding wheel correction: the V-shaped peak of the disc-shaped double-slope point grinding wheel is accurately finished by adopting grinding wheel finishing software, so that the symmetry of double slopes of the V-shaped peak and the accuracy of the arc radius of the peak are ensured, and the accurate motion precision of the disc-shaped double-slope point grinding wheel is realized;
(4) workpiece installation: precisely installing the small-modulus rolling slotting tool on a workpiece shaft of a multi-shaft linkage numerical control tool grinding machine in a double-thimble clamping mode or a clamping mode of one thimble and one clamp;
(5) planning a grinding path: the path plan comprises a first grinding path plan and a second grinding path plan; the first grinding path planning is characterized in that a plurality of radial grinding molded lines of a tooth-shaped surface are arranged, a certain molded line axial distance is formed between every two adjacent radial grinding molded lines, grinding is carried out by sequentially pushing a point grinding wheel left and right along the radial grinding molded lines of the tooth-shaped surface of the small-module hob and then grinding from front to back, and the step of sequentially pushing the grinding wheel left and right from front to back is carried out by pointing the point grinding wheel to finish grinding one molded line along the radial grinding molded line in the left-right direction and then pushing the point grinding wheel to the next adjacent radial grinding molded line in the front-to-back direction for grinding; in the second grinding path planning, a plurality of axial grinding molded lines of the tooth surface are arranged, a certain molded line radial distance is arranged between adjacent axial grinding molded lines, grinding is carried out by the point grinding wheel along the axial grinding molded line of the tooth surface of the small-module rolling cutter in a manner of advancing the tooth top and the tooth bottom one by one, and the advancing grinding of the tooth top and the tooth bottom one by one refers to that the point grinding wheel finishes grinding one molded line along the axial grinding molded line and then advances to the adjacent next axial grinding molded line for grinding according to the direction from the tooth top to the tooth bottom;
(6) grinding programming: generating a first grinding feed path program according to the first grinding path plan and a second grinding feed path program according to the second grinding path plan by adopting the in-line grinding processing programming software of the grinding equipment or the out-of-line programming software of the non-grinding equipment; when in-line grinding machining programming software of the grinding equipment is selected for grinding programming, a grinding line CAD graph of a feed path is stored into a DXF format and then is imported into the in-line grinding machining programming software, and then the in-line grinding machining programming software is converted into a grinding feed path program;
(7) point grinding of tooth-shaped lines: and starting the multi-shaft linkage numerical control cutter grinding machine, firstly grinding the tooth profile of the small-module rolling slotting cutter for the first time according to a first grinding feed path program, then grinding the tooth profile of the small-module rolling slotting cutter for the second time according to a second grinding feed path program, and naturally forming a staggered microscopically grid-type grinding cutter pattern curved tooth profile surface on the small-module rolling slotting cutter after the tooth profile is ground for the first time and the tooth profile is ground for the second time.
2. The high-precision grinding process of the small-module rolling slotting tool according to claim 1, wherein the axial distance of the radial grinding molded lines is 0.5-1 mm, and the radial distance of the axial grinding molded lines is 0.01-0.015 mm.
3. The high-precision grinding process of the small-module rolling slotting tool according to claim 1, wherein a virtual simulation grinding test is carried out by adopting grinding machining programming software to verify the accuracy of a grinding feed path program.
4. The high-precision grinding process of the small-module rolling slotting tool according to claim 1, the tooth-shaped grinding of the small-modulus rolling slotting tool is provided with a pre-grinding test procedure before formal grinding, a grinding carriage of the grinding equipment is refitted with a V-shaped sharp-top abrasion monitoring recorder provided with a disc-shaped double-bevel point grinding wheel, the tooth form of the small-modulus rolling slotting tool records the V-shaped sharp top abrasion condition of the disc-shaped double-bevel point grinding wheel in the whole dynamic process in the pre-grinding test procedure and forms an abrasion curve, and in the grinding programming in the step (6), off-line programming software is adopted, and compensating the abrasion loss of the disc-shaped double-bevel point grinding wheel and generating a corrected feed path program under the condition of considering the abrasion compensation so as to further improve the tooth profile grinding precision, wherein the corrected feed path program is used for formal tooth profile grinding of the small-module slotting cutter.
5. The process of claim 4, wherein the wear curve comprises a wear curve of a first grinding of the tooth profile and a wear curve of a second grinding of the tooth profile to achieve wear compensation for the first grinding of the tooth profile and the second grinding of the tooth profile respectively.
6. A high-precision grinding process for a small-module rolling cutter according to claim 4, wherein the abrasion loss on the abrasion curve is divided into sections according to the size, and the average abrasion value of each section is used as the abrasion compensation value of the section.
7. The process for grinding a small-module plunge cutter with high precision according to claim 1, wherein a workpiece probe is arranged on the grinding equipment to obtain a workpiece mounting position.
8. The high-precision grinding process of the small-module slotting cutter according to claim 4, wherein statistical software is arranged on a V-shaped sharp-top wear monitoring recorder of the disc-shaped double-bevel point grinding wheel, the V-shaped sharp-top wear monitoring recorder monitors the wear condition of the first grinding of the tooth profile and the wear condition of the second grinding of the tooth profile in the tooth profile grinding process of each slotting cutter when the small-module slotting cutter is ground in a large scale, and an average wear curve of the wear of the first grinding of the tooth profile and an average wear curve of the wear of the second grinding of the tooth profile are generated through statistics and are used for wear compensation of subsequent workpieces, so that high-precision stable processing in a large-scale generation mode is realized.
9. The high-precision grinding process of the small-modulus rolling slotting tool according to claim 1, wherein the modulus of the small-modulus rolling slotting tool is 0.1-1 mm.
10. The high-precision grinding process of the small-module rolling slotting tool according to claim 9, wherein after the high-precision grinding of the small-module rolling slotting tool is completed, the gear detector with an optical fiber probe is adopted to realize the high-precision detection and verification of the peripheral tooth parameters of the small-module rolling slotting tool, and the vertical optical measuring instrument with the zoom contour filter mirror is adopted to realize the high-precision detection and verification of the front end face and the tooth parameters of the rolling slotting tool.
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