CN112122783B - Laser butt welding method for carbon steel-nickel-containing alloy composite plate - Google Patents
Laser butt welding method for carbon steel-nickel-containing alloy composite plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN112122783B CN112122783B CN202010971324.5A CN202010971324A CN112122783B CN 112122783 B CN112122783 B CN 112122783B CN 202010971324 A CN202010971324 A CN 202010971324A CN 112122783 B CN112122783 B CN 112122783B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/24—Seam welding
- B23K26/26—Seam welding of rectilinear seams
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
Abstract
The invention discloses a laser butt welding method for a carbon steel-nickel-containing alloy composite plate, which is characterized in that through the design of an ultra-narrow gap U-shaped groove of a carbon steel base layer, welding is carried out from the side of the carbon steel base layer, a stainless steel or nickel-based alloy coating layer I-shaped butt joint is firstly welded for one penetration by adopting laser self-fusion welding or laser filler wire welding, then a laser filler wire is welded in the U-shaped groove on the stainless steel or nickel-based alloy coating layer welding seam to form a first carbon steel welding seam with the characteristic of shallow penetration depth, the laser filler wire welding is adopted on the first carbon steel welding seam to continue welding, a subsequent filling welding seam of the carbon steel base layer is formed, and the butt welding of the carbon steel-nickel-containing alloy composite plate is completed until the U-shaped groove is filled. For the condition that welding can not be performed on the coating side due to the connection of composite pipes with small calibers or a space-limited structure, the invention can perform single-side welding from the base layer side, effectively solves the problems, reduces the welding wire filling amount, the welding deformation amount and the residual tensile stress, and improves the welding efficiency and quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metal welding, in particular to a laser butt welding method for a carbon steel-nickel-containing alloy composite plate.
Background
With the complication of engineering environment media, in most engineering fields, a single component material is difficult to meet the requirements of cost and performance at the same time, a material formed by compounding two or more metals with different performances through a certain processing and preparation means, and a material having the advantages of the two metal components is called a bimetal composite plate. The carbon steel-nickel-containing alloy composite plate which uses carbon steel as a base layer, uses stainless steel or nickel-based alloy with a certain thickness as a coating layer and realizes firm metallurgical bonding through explosive welding, vacuum rolling or other composite modes has high plasticity and toughness of the coating layer and high strength of the base layer, and the corrosion-resistant, wear-resistant and heat-resistant coating material improves the adaptability of severe working environment.
Although the carbon steel-nickel alloy composite board has the advantages, the carbon steel-nickel alloy composite board is formed by compounding two or more materials during structure preparation and connection, and the chemical components, microstructures and mechanical properties of different materials can be greatly different, so that the butt welding difficulty is far higher than that of a single component metal material. For example, in the welding process, complex intermetallic compounds are easily formed due to diffusion and segregation of alloy elements, so that the base layer is embrittled and solidification cracks are generated on the base layer side; the migration of carbon element is easy to form carbide at the interface joint, so that the structure composition is not uniform and stable, and the mechanical property, the corrosion resistance and the like are affected; due to the difference of the thermal physical properties of dissimilar metals of the base layer and the coating layer, the shrinkage rate difference in the welding and solidification process is large, and the joint is easy to crack caused by large residual stress. Therefore, the method solves the difficult problems of weldability and has important significance for the actual production and application of the carbon steel-nickel-containing alloy composite plate.
At present, the welding of the carbon steel-nickel-containing alloy composite plate is mainly performed by arc welding in the field of practical engineering, while the traditional arc welding method has the advantages of large heat input, low energy density and large melting area, and the welding construction efficiency is greatly reduced by the welding requirements of small current and low heat input for avoiding the dilution of alloy elements when a coating layer and a transition layer are welded; at the interface of the welding coating and the base layer, a welding material with higher content of alloy elements than the coating needs to be adopted for welding the transition layer, which further increases the welding cost. The welding of the carbon steel-nickel-containing corrosion resistant alloy composite plate is usually a large-angle Y-shaped or X-shaped groove and mainly adopts a double-sided welding process with a base layer, a transition layer and a coating layer as a welding sequence, so that the welding efficiency and the welding quality are influenced due to the fact that more welding materials are consumed, the welding process, the residual tensile stress of a welding joint and the welding deformation are increased. For composite pipe fabrication and joining of small bore inner clad pipe and space constraints in some structures that may result in an inability to weld on the clad side, it is necessary to weld from the base side. Although a single-side welding sequence of clad-transition-base layer can be achieved with a clad-match weld material for the full weld, this results in increased consumption of the expensive clad weld material. Therefore, from the consideration of reducing the welding cost and improving the welding efficiency, it is very significant to develop a more efficient welding method for the carbon steel-nickel-containing corrosion resistant alloy composite plate.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above defects in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to solve the problems of large welding deformation, high welding material cost and low welding efficiency in butt welding of the carbon steel-nickel-containing corrosion resistant alloy composite plate.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a method for welding a super-narrow gap laser filler wire by butting one side of a base layer of a carbon steel-nickel-containing alloy composite plate, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
processing a composite plate to be butted, wherein the composite plate to be butted comprises a carbon steel base layer 1 and a stainless steel or nickel-based alloy coating layer 2, the carbon steel base layer 1 and the stainless steel or nickel-based alloy coating layer 2 are connected up and down, the side end face of the carbon steel base layer 1 is processed, so that the side end face of the carbon steel base layer 1 and the side face of the stainless steel or nickel-based alloy coating layer 2 form a stepped structure, and the side end face of the carbon steel base layer 1 and the side face of the stainless steel or nickel-based alloy coating layer 2 are polished and cleaned;
step two, butting two composite plates to be butted, wherein a gap U-shaped groove 3 is formed on the side surface of the carbon steel base layer 1 of the two composite plates to be butted, and an I-shaped butt joint is formed by the stainless steel or nickel-based alloy coating layer 2;
welding the carbon steel base layer 1, and butting the stainless steel or nickel-based alloy coating layers 2 to form a stainless steel or nickel-based alloy coating layer welding seam 7 by adopting a laser self-fusion welding or laser filler wire welding method;
filling welding is carried out on the upper surface of the stainless steel or nickel-based alloy cladding welding seam 7 on the U-shaped groove 3 by adopting a laser filler wire welding method to form a first laser filler wire carbon steel welding seam 8 of the carbon steel base layer;
and fifthly, welding the upper surface of the first laser wire-filling carbon steel welding seam 8 by adopting a laser wire-filling multi-layer welding method to form a subsequent filling welding seam 9 of the carbon steel base layer until the U-shaped groove 3 is filled, and completing the butt welding of the carbon steel-nickel-containing alloy composite plate.
And furthermore, the upper width D of the U-shaped groove 3 in the step two is not more than 7mm, the lower width D is not less than 2mm, the single-side angle of the U-shaped groove 3 is 4-10 degrees, and the range of polishing and cleaning the upper surface and the lower surface of the composite plate is 15-20 mm away from the U-shaped groove.
Further, the width of the gap between the I-shaped pair of the seams in the step two is less than 0.1 mm.
Further, the laser used is a fiber laser, a disc laser, a semiconductor laser or CO2And (4) laser.
Furthermore, the incidence angle alpha of a laser beam 4 of laser welding is 6-8 degrees, the wire feeding angle beta of the welding wire guide pipe 5 is 45-55 degrees, the diameter of the used welding wire 6 is 1.0-1.2 mm, and the dry elongation is 9-11 mm.
Furthermore, the welding wire used by the laser filler wire welding in the third step is a high alloy welding wire matched with the stainless steel or nickel-based alloy coating layer 2, and the welding wire used by the laser filler wire welding in the fourth step and the fifth step is a carbon steel welding wire matched with the carbon steel base layer 1.
Further, the light spots of the laser in the fourth step and the fifth step are single light spots, double light spots or triple light spots.
Further, the laser welding of the carbon steel base layer 1 in the fourth step and the fifth step is a laser heat conduction welding mode, and a narrow-gap laser wire filling welding method is adopted.
Further, the laser welding speed of the stainless steel or nickel-based alloy coating 2 in the third step is 2.4-3.6 m/min, the laser wire filling welding speed of the carbon steel base layer 1 in the fourth step and the fifth step is 0.4-1.2 m/min, and the wire feeding speed is 3-12 m/min.
Further, the penetration depth of the first laser wire filling carbon steel welding seam 8 in the fourth step is 0.3-1.0 mm, the pile height is 1.4-2.4 mm, and the penetration depth of the subsequent filling welding seam (9) in the fifth step is not more than the bottom of the previous welding seam.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention provides a method for welding a single-side butt-joint ultra-narrow gap laser wire-filling multilayer channel on the base layer side of a carbon steel-nickel-containing alloy composite plate. In addition, the invention reduces the filling amount of welding wires, the welding deformation and the residual tensile stress through the groove design of ultra-narrow gaps, and improves the welding efficiency and quality.
The technical effects of the invention are also reflected in the following aspects: compared with the traditional electric arc welding, the laser welding has the advantages of small heat input, narrow heat affected zone and small residual tensile stress of the butt joint, further, the carbon steel welding wire is adopted on the side of the carbon steel base layer, and the heat conduction welding mode is adopted in the first laser filler wire welding of the carbon steel base layer, so that the melting-in ratio of the nickel-containing corrosion-resistant alloy is reduced, the welding material cost is reduced, the welding process is reduced, the performance and the quality of the welding joint can be ensured, and the method has remarkable cost advantages and efficiency advantages.
The conception, the specific structure and the technical effects of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings to fully understand the objects, the features and the effects of the present invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a carbon steel-nickel-containing alloy composite plate welding process;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a carbon steel-nickel-containing alloy composite plate after welding;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a bevel of a carbon steel-nickel-containing alloy composite plate;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a weld of a carbon steel-nickel-containing alloy composite plate;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a welded joint of a carbon steel-nickel-containing alloy composite plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The welding method comprises the following steps of 1-carbon steel base layer, 2-stainless steel or nickel base alloy coating, 3-U-shaped groove, 4-laser beam, 5-welding wire conduit, 6-welding wire, 7-stainless steel or nickel base alloy coating welding seam, 8-first carbon steel filling welding seam and 9-subsequent carbon steel base layer filling welding seam.
Detailed Description
The technical contents of the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be more clearly and easily understood by referring to the drawings attached to the specification. The present invention may be embodied in many different forms of embodiments and the scope of the invention is not limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
In the drawings, structurally identical elements are represented by like reference numerals, and structurally or functionally similar elements are represented by like reference numerals throughout the several views. The size and thickness of each component shown in the drawings are arbitrarily illustrated, and the present invention is not limited to the size and thickness of each component. The thickness of the components may be exaggerated where appropriate in the figures to improve clarity.
Example one
IN this example, the IN825/L450 composite sheet material of (3.8+17) mm is used as an example for welding, and specific operation steps are described with reference to fig. 1 to 5.
Processing a U-shaped groove 3 on the side surface of the carbon steel base layer 1 in a mechanical milling mode according to the first step, wherein the single-side groove is 6 degrees, processing the stainless steel or nickel-based alloy coating layer 2 to enable the side end surface of the carbon steel base layer 1 and the side surface of the stainless steel or nickel-based alloy coating layer 2 to form a stepped structure, polishing with abrasive paper, and cleaning oil stains and oxidation films on the surface of the groove and in a range of 15mm nearby the groove surface with ethanol and acetone.
And (2) assembling and clamping the test plate according to the second step, ensuring that the butt joint gap of the grooves is less than 0.1mm, ensuring that the misalignment of the grooves is less than 0.1mm, and ensuring that the lower width D and the upper width D of the U-shaped groove 3 of the carbon steel base layer 1 are 2.0mm and 5.6mm respectively.
Welding from the side of the carbon steel substrate by using an IPG YLS-10000 type optical fiber laser according to the third step, wherein argon with the purity of 99.99 percent is used as protective gas in the welding process, the gas flow is 15L/min, the laser power P is 4.5kW, and the welding speed v issThe cladding laser self-fusion welding seam 7 is formed by the process parameters of 2.4m/min, 0mm defocusing amount F and 7.5 degrees of incident angle alpha of the laser beam 4.
Welding from the side of the carbon steel base layer by using an IPG YLS-10000 type optical fiber laser according to the fourth step, selecting an ER50-6 (phi 1.2mm) welding wire as a welding material, and using the purity in the welding process99.99% argon as protective gas, a gas flow of 15L/min, a laser power P of 4kW, a welding speed vs1.2m/min, wire feed speed vf5m/min, the defocusing amount F is +15mm, the incident angle alpha of the laser beam 4 is 7.5 degrees, the wire feeding angle beta of the welding wire guide pipe 5 is 49.5 degrees, and the dry elongation L of the welding wire 6 is 10mm, so that a first laser wire-filling carbon steel welding seam (8) of the carbon steel substrate is formed.
According to the fifth step, P is 4.5kW, v is carried out on the first carbon steel filling welding seam 8 of the carbon steel base layers＝0.9m/min， vfAnd (3) continuously forming a filling welding seam of the carbon steel base layer until the groove is filled up by the technological parameters of 12m/min, F +15mm, alpha-7.5 DEG, beta-49.5 DEG and L-10 mm, and finishing the whole butt welding process.
The cross section of the welding joint is shown in figure 5, the welding joint is well formed, no crack, no fusion of side walls, welding air holes and other defects are found when the cross section of the welding joint is observed, the penetration depth of a first carbon steel filling welding seam 8 of a carbon steel base layer is 0.6-0.7 mm, and the pile height is 1.9-2.1 mm.
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (7)
1. A laser butt welding method for a carbon steel-nickel-containing alloy composite plate is characterized by comprising the following steps:
processing a composite plate to be butted, wherein the composite plate to be butted comprises a carbon steel base layer (1) and a stainless steel or nickel-based alloy coating layer (2), the carbon steel base layer (1) and the stainless steel or nickel-based alloy coating layer (2) are connected up and down, the side end face of the carbon steel base layer (1) is processed, so that the side end face of the carbon steel base layer (1) and the side face of the stainless steel or nickel-based alloy coating layer (2) form a stepped structure, and the side end face of the carbon steel base layer (1) and the side face of the stainless steel or nickel-based alloy coating layer (2) are polished and cleaned;
secondly, butting two composite plates to be butted, wherein a gap U-shaped groove (3) is formed on the side surface of the carbon steel base layer (1) of the two composite plates to be butted, and an I-shaped butt joint is formed by the stainless steel or nickel-based alloy coating (2);
thirdly, welding the carbon steel base layer (1), and butting the stainless steel or nickel-based alloy coating layers (2) by adopting a laser self-fusion welding or laser filler wire welding method to form a stainless steel or nickel-based alloy coating layer welding seam (7);
fourthly, performing filling welding on the U-shaped groove (3) on the upper surface of the stainless steel or nickel-based alloy cladding welding seam (7) by adopting a laser wire filling welding method to form a first laser wire filling carbon steel welding seam (8) of the carbon steel base layer;
welding the upper surface of the first laser wire-filling carbon steel welding seam (8) by adopting a laser wire-filling multi-layer welding method to form a subsequent filling welding seam (9) of the carbon steel base layer until the U-shaped groove (3) is filled up, and completing the butt welding of the carbon steel-nickel-containing alloy composite plate;
the lower width D of the U-shaped groove (3) in the second step is 2.0mm, the upper width D of the U-shaped groove is 5.6mm, and the single-side angle of the U-shaped groove (3) is 6 degrees; the laser welding of the carbon steel base layer (1) in the fourth step and the fifth step is in a laser heat conduction welding mode, a narrow gap laser wire filling welding method is adopted, the laser welding speed of the stainless steel or nickel base alloy coating (2) in the third step is 2.4-3.6 m/min, the laser wire filling welding speed of the carbon steel base layer (1) in the fourth step and the fifth step is 0.4-1.2 m/min, and the wire feeding speed is 3-12 m/min.
2. The carbon steel-nickel-containing alloy composite board laser butt welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that the incident angle alpha of a laser beam (4) in laser welding is 6-8 degrees, the wire feeding angle beta of a welding wire guide pipe (5) is 45-55 degrees, the diameter of a welding wire (6) is 1.0-1.2 mm, and the dry elongation is 9-11 mm.
3. A laser butt welding method for a carbon steel-nickel-containing alloy composite plate according to claim 1, wherein the width of the gap of the I-shaped butt joint in the second step is less than 0.1 mm.
4. A laser butt welding method for carbon steel-nickel-containing alloy composite plates according to claim 1, characterized in that the adopted laser is fiber laser, disc laser, semiconductor laser or CO2And (4) laser.
5. The laser butt welding method for the carbon steel-nickel-containing alloy composite board according to claim 1, characterized in that the welding wire used for the laser filler wire welding in the third step is a high alloy welding wire matched with the stainless steel or nickel-based alloy coating layer (2), and the welding wire used for the laser filler wire welding in the fourth step and the fifth step is a carbon steel welding wire matched with the carbon steel base layer (1).
6. The laser butt welding method for the carbon steel-nickel-containing alloy composite plate according to claim 1, wherein the light spot of the laser in the fourth step and the fifth step is a single light spot, a double light spot or a triple light spot.
7. The laser butt welding method for the carbon steel-nickel-containing alloy composite plate according to claim 1, wherein the penetration depth of the first laser filler wire carbon steel welding seam (8) in the fourth step is 0.3-1.0 mm, the pile height is 1.4-2.4 mm, and the penetration depth of the subsequent filling welding seam (9) in the fifth step is not more than the bottom of the previous welding seam.
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| CN113042895B (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2022-04-26 | 上海交通大学 | Welding method of nickel steel composite structure |
| CN113070575B (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2022-07-19 | 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院股份有限公司 | Interlayer-free butt welding method and welding structure for bimetal composite plate |
| CN114178698B (en) * | 2021-12-13 | 2024-04-09 | 湖南华菱涟源钢铁有限公司 | 9Ni steel narrow-gap laser filler wire welding method |
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