CN112120124A

CN112120124A - Compound microbial feed for efficiently producing DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) eggs

Info

Publication number: CN112120124A
Application number: CN202010892753.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 汪志明; 肖敏; 刘宇; 陆姝欢; 李翔宇
Original assignee: Cabio Biotech Wuhan Co Ltd
Current assignee: Galido Biotechnology Wuhan Co ltd; Cabio Biotech Wuhan Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-08-31
Filing date: 2020-08-31
Publication date: 2020-12-25
Anticipated expiration: 2040-08-31
Also published as: CN112120124B

Abstract

The invention provides a compound microbial feed for efficiently producing DHA eggs. The compound microbial feed provided by the invention comprises daily ration and a compound microbial feed additive. The compound microbial feed additive comprises schizochytrium limacinum powder and blakeslea trispora powder. The composite microbial feed provided by the invention can be used for obtaining eggs with high-efficiency enriched DHA, does not influence the production performance of egg-laying poultry, and can also improve the egg quality.

Description

Compound microbial feed for efficiently producing DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) eggs

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of protein feed, and more particularly relates to a compound microbial feed for efficiently producing DHA eggs.

Background

DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) is an omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid, has effects of nourishing brain, improving intelligence and improving eyesight for infants and children, and can maintain cardiovascular and cerebrovascular health for adults. DHA is also an essential fatty acid for people of all ages and is taken by means of external food or dietary supplements. By adding the raw material rich in DHA into the laying fowl feed, the DHA in the eggs can be enriched, and a way for increasing the daily intake of DHA is provided for people. Taking eggs as an example, a large amount of research on DHA enriched eggs is carried out at home and abroad, and the research mainly utilizes fish oil, linseed (oil), seaweed and the like to be directly added into feed, and DHA eggs are obtained through feeding and converting chickens. Fish oil and linseed (oil) have disadvantages as DHA raw materials: the fish oil is rich in a large amount of DHA, is easy to oxidize, has special fishy smell and influences the flavor of livestock and poultry products; while linseed (oil) is mainly rich in ALA, the efficiency of the conversion deposition of DHA into eggs is low, requiring high doses to be added in the ration. Meanwhile, both the fish oil and the linseed (oil) are expensive, and the cost of the produced DHA eggs is increased. Therefore, in this case, some new DHA resources are utilized, such as microalgae powder (including Schizochytrium limacinum powder, Crypthecodinium gracile, Crypthecodinium cohnii or Thraustochytrium species), chia seed, linseed, rubber seed oil, etc., and one or more of them are used in combination to produce DHA eggs.

In the prior art, (1) the application No. 201310732909.1 discloses a feed additive for improving the DHA content of poultry eggs, wherein DHA microalgal powder is prepared from one or more of schizochytrium limacinum, wuken's chrysosporium, crypthecodinium cohnii or cyst-breaking pot strains by fermenting, separating, drying and pulverizing, and is prepared by mixing, mixing and pulverizing, and adding additive adjuvants selected from one or more of trace element additives, vitamins, synthetic amino acids, antibiotics, antioxidants, mildewproofing agents and insect repellents; (2) the application No. 201510281052.5 discloses a DHA regulator and a chicken feed thereof, which are prepared by mixing 3-5 parts of hazelnut powder, 5-20 parts of peanut powder, 8-30 parts of sesame, 8-25 parts of almond powder, 12-40 parts of schizochytrium limacinum powder, 14-23 parts of sunflower seeds and 3-15 parts of flaxseed; (3) application No. 201510634859.2 discloses a chicken feed for producing DHA-enriched nutritional eggs, comprising: 0.4 to 0.6 percent of DHA algae oil, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of olive oil, 0.2 to 0.3 percent of linseed oil, 55 to 56 percent of corn flour, 10 to 12 percent of rice, 24 to 25 percent of bean pulp, 10 to 12 percent of cottonseed meal, 8 to 12 percent of rapeseed meal, 8 to 12 percent of sugar residue, 1 to 2 percent of brewer's grains, 0.3 to 0.4 percent of salt and 2 to 3 percent of compound antibacterial deodorant.

In the prior art of the (1), (2) and (3), the raw material components are complex, difficult to obtain, the process is complex, the cost is relatively high, the DHA enrichment time is relatively long (eggs can be collected after 15 days), and the enrichment amount is relatively low; at present, the method also finds that the long-time use of schizochytrium or other components rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids can cause some negative effects on the breeding of laying hens, for example, the laying rate is reduced along with the prolonging of the feeding time, the enriched content of DHA is reduced by 20-30%, and the stable production and supply of DHA eggs are not facilitated; in addition, the long-term feeding of polyunsaturated fatty acids has been shown to affect egg quality, which is reduced and not beneficial for egg preservation.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a compound microbial feed additive. The composite microbial feed additive is added into the daily ration of the laying poultry, so that the poultry eggs with high-efficiency enriched DHA can be obtained, the production performance of the laying poultry is not influenced, and the egg quality can be improved.

The compound microbial feed additive comprises schizochytrium limacinum powder and blakeslea trispora powder. Wherein the schizochytrium limacinum powder is DHA-containing schizochytrium limacinum powder. The applicant finds that the DHA can be efficiently enriched by taking schizochytrium limacinum powder as a main DHA source and compounding with the blakeslea trispora powder as an additive of the functional feed for the laying hens through a large amount of researches, and the laying rate of the laying hens is not remarkably reduced while the DHA content continuously rises within 4 weeks. In addition, the feed containing the feed additive can also improve the egg white height and enhance the yolk color of eggs.

The invention is suitable for all egg-laying poultry.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the content of DHA in the schizochytrium limacinum powder used in the invention is more than or equal to 10 wt% (based on the total amount of the schizochytrium limacinum powder, the same applies below), and the content of schizochytrium limacinum protein is more than or equal to 6 wt%; further preferably, the content of DHA in the schizochytrium limacinum powder used in the invention is more than or equal to 18 wt%, and the schizochytrium limacinum protein is more than or equal to 8 wt%. Schizochytrium limacinum powder within the above parameters can be used in the present invention. In the embodiment of the invention, the parameters of the schizochytrium limacinum powder which is preferably used are as follows: the DHA content is more than or equal to 10 wt%, the crude fat is more than or equal to 20 wt%, the schizochytrium limacinum protein is more than or equal to 12 wt%, and the crude polysaccharide is more than or equal to 5 wt%; more preferably, the DHA content is more than or equal to 18 wt%, the crude fat is more than or equal to 30 wt%, the schizochytrium limacinum protein is more than or equal to 8 wt%, and the crude polysaccharide is more than or equal to 5 wt%. Schizochytrium limacinum powder within the above parameter ranges can be selected for use in the present invention. In the invention, the schizochytrium limacinum is preferably used as a strain for biological fermentation, and fermentation liquor is used as a main raw material, and is concentrated and dried to obtain a powder product. The more preferable preparation method is as follows: fermenting the schizochytrium limacinum to obtain fermentation liquor containing DHA grease, centrifuging the fermentation liquor to obtain wet thalli, and performing spray drying at the air inlet temperature of 200 ℃ and the air outlet temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain the schizochytrium limacinum powder containing DHA.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the Blakeslea trispora powder used in the present invention is a beta-carotene-containing Blakeslea trispora powder. Preferably, the beta-carotene content is more than or equal to 1 wt% (based on the total amount of the Blakeslea trispora powder, the same applies hereinafter), and the Blakeslea trispora body protein content is more than or equal to 10 wt%. More preferably, the content of beta-carotene is more than or equal to 1 wt%, the content of crude fat is more than or equal to 20 wt%, the content of Blakeslea trispora mycoprotein is more than or equal to 15 wt%, and the content of crude polysaccharide is more than or equal to 5 wt%. The Blakeslea trispora powder used in the invention is a powdery product rich in beta-carotene, which is obtained by fermenting, drying, granulating and other processes by using Blakeslea trispora as a strain. More preferably, the Blakeslea trispora is fermented to obtain a beta-carotene-containing fermentation broth, the fermentation broth is subjected to plate-frame filtration to obtain wet cells, and the wet cells are subjected to boiling drying to obtain Blakeslea trispora dry cells. According to the application purpose, the dry thalli can be selectively treated by a dry wall breaking machine, and then crushed and granulated, so that 99% of particles pass through a 120-mesh sieve, or the dry thalli is directly granulated, and then the beta-carotene-containing blakeslea trispora thallus powder is obtained.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the weight ratio of the schizochytrium limacinum powder to the blakeslea trispora powder is (25-200): 1, preferably (50-150): 1, and more preferably (50-100): 1.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compound microbial feed additive consists of the above schizochytrium limacinum powder and blakeslea trispora powder.

The invention also aims to provide a compound microbial feed, which comprises daily ration and the compound microbial feed additive.

Wherein the weight of the schizochytrium limacinum powder is preferably 1-3 wt% (accounting for the total amount of the whole compound microbial feed).

The compound microbial feed comprises daily ration, the schizochytrium limacinum powder and the blakeslea trispora powder. More preferably, the compound microbial feed consists of daily ration, the schizochytrium limacinum powder and the blakeslea trispora powder. Wherein the preferable weight ratio of the schizochytrium limacinum powder to the blakeslea trispora powder is 1-3 wt%, and the weight ratio of the schizochytrium limacinum powder to the blakeslea trispora powder is (25-200): 1.

The daily ration can be selected according to the feed nutrition standard of the poultry, in the invention, the laying poultry takes a chicken as an example, the daily ration is the daily ration of the chicken, and the corn-soybean meal type daily ration is preferred. The corn-soybean meal type daily ration is a daily ration commonly used in the field, and comprises corn, soybean meal, oil bran, gunite corn bran, corn protein powder, sesame meal, soybean oil, stone powder, calcium hydrophosphate and premix; the premix comprises VA, VD3, VE, VK3, VB1, VB2, VB6, VB12, nicotinic acid, D-calcium pantothenate, D-biotin, folic acid, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, I and Se. The proportion of each substance is selected according to the feed nutrition standard, in the invention, 50-60 wt% of corn, 10-20 wt% of soybean meal, 1-5 wt% of oil bran, 2-6 wt% of gunite corn bran, 1-5 wt% of corn protein powder, 1-4 wt% of sesame meal, 1.0 wt% of soybean oil, 6-9 wt% of stone powder, 0.1-1 wt% of calcium hydrophosphate and 1-2 wt% of premix (the premix can provide VA 9900IU, VD 33750 IU, VE 40IU, VKD 32.5mg, VB12 mg, VB 26 mg, VB 64 mg, VB120.025mg, 35mg of nicotinic acid, 10mg of D-calcium pantothenate, 0.2mg of D-biotin, 1mg of folic acid, 50mg of Fe, 12mg of Cu, 100mg of Mn, Zn 90mg, I1.2 mg, Se 0.3mg)

The invention also aims to provide the compound microbial feed additive and the application of the compound microbial feed in poultry feeding.

The invention takes common microalgae powder (schizochytrium limacinum) as a main DHA resource, and then compounds Blakeslea trispora powder (Blakeslea trispora) as a raw material of functional feed for laying poultry, so as to produce eggs capable of enriching DHA. The compound microbial feed additive and the compound microbial feed provided by the invention can effectively enrich DHA, and keep the laying rate of poultry not to be remarkably reduced while the DHA content continuously rises within 4 weeks. In addition, the feed containing the scheme can also improve the egg white height and enhance the yolk color of the eggs.

Detailed Description

The following examples are given to further illustrate the embodiments of the present invention. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

The composite microbial feed additive of the present invention is applicable to all laying birds, including but not limited to chickens, ducks or geese. The composite microbial feed additive is added into the daily ration of the feed for laying poultry, so that the eggs with high-efficiency enriched DHA can be obtained, the production performance of the laying poultry is not influenced, and the egg quality can be improved. Taking feeding for laying ducks as an example, the daily ration for producing the duck eggs comprises 27 wt% of corn, 20 wt% of wheat, 14.4 wt% of wheat middling, 10.8 wt% of rice bran meal, 8 wt% of DDGS grains and soluble substances, 8 wt% of stone powder, 4.9 wt% of cottonseed meal, 4 wt% of rice protein powder, 2 wt% of hydrolyzed feather meal, 0.9 wt% of calcium hydrophosphate, schizochytrium limacinum powder and Blakeslea trispora powder which are added according to the proportion disclosed by the invention. Within the optimal proportion range, the obtained duck eggs are rich in DHA, and the protein height and the yolk color are greatly improved, which is not detailed herein. In the specific embodiments of the present invention, the present invention is described in detail by taking egg laying as an example.

Namely, the daily ration for the laying hens used in the embodiment of the invention comprises the following components: 56.8 wt% of corn, 15.5 wt% of soybean meal, 4 wt% of oil bran, 5.0 wt% of gunite corn husk, 4.0 wt% of corn protein powder, 3.0 wt% of sesame meal, 1.0 wt% of soybean oil, 8.8 wt% of stone powder, 0.8 wt% of calcium hydrophosphate and 1.1 wt% of premix (the premix can provide VA 9900IU, VD 33750 IU, VE 40IU, VK32.5mg, VB12 mg, VB 26 mg, VB 64 mg, VB120.025mg, 35mg of nicotinic acid, 10mg of D-calcium pantothenate, 0.2mg of D-biotin, 1mg of folic acid, 50mg of Fe, 12mg of Cu, 100mg of Mn, 90mg of Zn, 1.2mg of I and 0.3mg of Se per kilogram of daily ration)

The preparation method of schizochytrium limacinum powder in the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: fermenting the schizochytrium limacinum to obtain fermentation liquor containing DHA grease, centrifuging the fermentation liquor to obtain wet thalli, and performing spray drying at the air inlet temperature of 200 ℃ and the air outlet temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain the schizochytrium limacinum powder containing DHA.

The preparation method of the Blakeslea trispora powder in the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: fermenting Blakeslea trispora to obtain fermentation liquor containing beta-carotene, filtering the fermentation liquor by using a plate frame to obtain wet thalli, boiling and drying the wet thalli to obtain Blakeslea trispora dry thalli, treating the dry thalli for 25min by using a dry wall breaking machine, crushing and granulating, and sieving 99% of particles with a 120-mesh sieve to obtain Blakeslea trispora powder with the beta-carotene content of about 4%.

Example 1

The embodiment of the invention provides a compound microbial feed which comprises 98.98 wt% of laying hen feed, 1 wt% of schizochytrium limacinum powder and 0.02 wt% of Blakeslea trispora powder.

Wherein, the content of DHA in the schizochytrium limacinum powder in this example is 18 wt% (accounting for the total amount of schizochytrium limacinum powder, which is not described in any further embodiments below), the content of crude fat is 40 wt%, the content of schizochytrium limacinum protein is 8 wt%, the content of crude polysaccharide is 10 wt%, and the remainder is ash and moisture.

The content of beta-carotene in the Blakeslea trispora powder was 4 wt% (based on the total amount of Blakeslea trispora powder, which is not described in any more detail in other examples), the content of crude fat was 35 wt%, the content of Blakeslea trispora body protein was 20 wt%, the content of crude polysaccharide was 15 wt%, and the balance was ash and water.

Example 2

The embodiment of the invention provides a compound microbial feed which comprises 96.98 wt% of laying hen feed, 3 wt% of schizochytrium limacinum powder and 0.02 wt% of Blakeslea trispora powder.

In the example, the content of DHA in schizochytrium limacinum powder is 10 wt%, the content of crude fat is 30 wt%, the content of schizochytrium limacinum protein is 20 wt%, the content of crude polysaccharide is 12 wt%, and the balance is ash and water.

The content of beta-carotene in the Blakeslea trispora powder is 5 wt%, the content of crude fat is 30 wt%, the content of Blakeslea trispora body protein is 25 wt%, the content of crude polysaccharide is 25 wt%, and the balance is ash and water.

Example 3

The embodiment of the invention provides a compound microbial feed which comprises 96.98 wt% of laying hen feed, 2 wt% of schizochytrium limacinum powder and 0.02 wt% of Blakeslea trispora powder.

In the example, the content of DHA in schizochytrium limacinum powder is 15 wt%, the content of crude fat is 36 wt%, the content of schizochytrium limacinum protein is 13 wt%, the content of crude polysaccharide is 12 wt%, and the balance is ash and water.

The content of beta-carotene in the Blakeslea trispora powder is 2 wt%, the content of crude fat is 37 wt%, the content of Blakeslea trispora body protein is 10 wt%, the content of crude polysaccharide is 24 wt%, and the balance is ash and water.

Example 4

The embodiment of the invention provides a compound microbial feed which comprises 99.48 wt% of laying hen feed, 0.5 wt% of schizochytrium limacinum powder and 0.02 wt% of Blakeslea trispora powder.

In the example, the content of DHA in schizochytrium limacinum powder is 20 wt%, the content of crude fat is 43 wt%, the content of schizochytrium limacinum protein is 6 wt%, the content of crude polysaccharide is 10 wt%, and the balance is ash and water.

The content of beta-carotene in the Blakeslea trispora powder is 4 wt%, the content of crude fat is 35 wt%, the content of Blakeslea trispora body protein is 20 wt%, the content of crude polysaccharide is 15 wt%, and the balance is ash and water.

Example 5

The embodiment of the invention provides a compound microbial feed which comprises 95.98 wt% of laying hen feed, 4 wt% of schizochytrium limacinum powder and 0.02 wt% of Blakeslea trispora powder.

Example 6

The comparative example provides a composite microbial feed consisting of 99.58 wt% of laying hen feed, 0.4 wt% of schizochytrium limacinum powder and 0.02 wt% of blakeslea trispora powder.

Example 7

The comparative example provides a composite microbial feed consisting of 94.98 wt% of layer feed, 5 wt% of schizochytrium limacinum powder and 0.02 wt% of Blakeslea trispora powder.

The content of beta-carotene in the Blakeslea trispora powder is 1 wt%, the content of crude fat is 35 wt%, the content of Blakeslea trispora body protein is 50 wt%, the content of crude polysaccharide is 10 wt%, and the balance is ash and water.

Comparative example 1

The comparative example provides a composite microbial feed, which comprises 97 wt% of laying hen feed and 3 wt% of schizochytrium limacinum powder.

Wherein the powder of Stachybotrys japonica and the powder of Blakeslea trispora in this comparative example were the same as those in example 1.

Examples of the experiments

The compound microbial feed provided by the embodiment and the comparative example is used for feeding, and the compound microbial feed additive is not added in the blank example, and only the daily ration of the laying hen is used for feeding. The test period is four weeks, and after one week of pre-feeding, eggs are collected on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 of the formal start of the test.

Influence on the production performance of the laying hens:

the compound microbial feed provided by the embodiment has no obvious influence on production performance indexes such as average daily feed intake, feed-egg ratio and the like of the laying hens; the laying rate is improved by the experimental group added with the Blakeslea trispora powder in the aspect of laying rate.

Effect of egg quality provided by the examples: the egg shape ratio, the average egg weight, the eggshell strength, the thickness and the like have no significant influence; in the aspect of Ha's unit, the Ha's unit shows a descending trend in an experimental group without adding Blakeslea trispora or schizochytrium powder with too high proportion.

Since the effects of examples 2 and 3 are almost the same as those of example 1, good breeding performance and egg quality can be achieved within the scope of the present application. The effect of the embodiment 5 and the embodiment 7 is almost the same, the ratio of the schizochytrium limacinum powder to the blakeslea trispora powder is higher, the breeding performance of the laying hens is influenced, and the ratio of the schizochytrium limacinum powder of the embodiment 7 is higher, and the quality of eggs is influenced. The addition amount of the schizochytrium limacinum powder in the examples 4 and 6 is small, the breeding performance of the laying hens is not obviously improved, and the DHA enrichment level is influenced. Data for example 1, example 4, examples 6 and 7 and comparative example 1 are given in table 1 below.

TABLE 1 egg results parameters obtained from feeding

Finally, the method of the present invention is only a preferred embodiment and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The compound microbial feed additive is characterized by comprising schizochytrium limacinum powder and blakeslea trispora powder.

2. The compound microbial feed additive according to claim 1, wherein the content of DHA in the schizochytrium limacinum powder is not less than 10 wt%, and the content of schizochytrium limacinum protein is not less than 6 wt%.

3. The compound microbial feed additive according to claim 2, wherein the content of DHA in the schizochytrium limacinum powder is not less than 18 wt%, and the content of schizochytrium limacinum protein is not less than 8 wt%.

4. The compound microbial feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the content of beta-carotene in the Blakeslea trispora powder is not less than 1 wt%, and the content of Blakeslea trispora body protein is not less than 10 wt%.

5. The compound microbial feed additive according to claim 4, wherein the weight ratio of the schizochytrium limacinum powder to the blakeslea trispora powder is (25-200): 1, preferably (50-150): 1.

6. A composite microbial feed comprising a ration and the composite microbial feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. The compound microbial feed according to claim 6, wherein the ration is a corn-soybean meal type ration.

8. The compound microbial feed of claim 7, wherein the corn-soybean meal ration comprises corn, soybean meal, oil bran, gunite corn bran, corn gluten meal, sesame meal, soybean oil, stone powder, calcium hydrogen phosphate and premix; the premix comprises VA, VD3, VE, VK3, VB1, VB2, VB6, VB12, nicotinic acid, D-calcium pantothenate, D-biotin, folic acid, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, I and Se.

9. The compound microbial feed according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the weight of the schizochytrium limacinum powder is 1-3 wt%.

10. The composite microbial feed according to any one of claims 6 to 9, which consists of a ration, schizochytrium powder and blakeslea trispora powder.