CN112119914B - Rapid breeding method of high-yield disease-resistant mango saplings - Google Patents
Rapid breeding method of high-yield disease-resistant mango saplings Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for quickly breeding high-yield and disease-resistant mango saplings, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a mango variant individual plant; (2) collecting stem with axillary bud, sterilizing, pre-culturing in 1/2MS culture medium containing polyvinylpyrrolidone and silver nitrate in dark, transferring into medium containing polyvinylpyrrolidone, TDZ and Na2S2O3Performing dark transition culture in 1/2MS culture medium, and transferring to subculture medium for culture; (3) transferring to a seedling hardening bed for hardening and culturing, and transferring to a seedling hardening strengthening medium when the seedlings grow to 10-15 cm highStrengthening and hardening the seedlings in a qualitative nutrition cup; (4) culturing at room temperature until the plant height is more than or equal to 35cm, planting to field, and selecting single plants with stable genetic excellent characters as new varieties; the rapid breeding method provided by the invention not only effectively eliminates the phenol harm influence in the tissue culture process of mango seedlings, but also remarkably improves the transplanting survival rate and growth quality of the mango seedlings, and accelerates the breeding, popularization and application of the mango seedlings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mango breeding seeds, in particular to a rapid breeding method of high-yield and disease-resistant mango saplings.
Background
Mango is one of the famous fruits in tropical and subtropical zones, and the mango cultivation area is mainly distributed in the dry and hot valley areas of the Jinsha river in Hainan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan and Sichuan, and has high economic and social values. In the field of selective breeding of mangoes, researches in different degrees are respectively carried out from seedling selective breeding, artificial cross breeding and mutation breeding, and certain effective achievements are obtained, but because mangoes are woody plants with high gene heterozygosity, the survival period of the seeds is short, and the difficulty of improving the mango varieties by the traditional breeding method is high, and the period is long; the research on the tissue culture seedling breeding method of mangoes is quite weak, and the method often has the problems of serious phenol damage in the tissue culture process, low transplanting survival rate of tissue culture seedlings and the like, so that a high-yield disease-resistant fast breeding method of mango tree seedlings is found, a reliable and efficient high-yield disease-resistant fast breeding process of mango seedling plants is established, and the method has important significance on fast breeding and popularization and application of excellent mango varieties.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a rapid breeding method of high-yield and disease-resistant mango tree seedlings, which can effectively eliminate the phenol influence in the tissue culture process of mango seedlings, remarkably improve the transplanting survival rate and the growth quality of the tissue culture seedlings, accelerate the seed breeding period of mango, and lay a foundation for rapid breeding and popularization of excellent mango varieties.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the invention provides a method for quickly breeding high-yield and disease-resistant mango saplings, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting mango variant individual plants with high yield and disease resistance and excellent characters from a field;
step 2: taking mango variant single strainTaking stem sections with 1-3 axillary buds as explants, and carrying out tissue culture and rapid seedling culture; sterilizing an explant, firstly pre-culturing the explant in a 1/2MS culture medium added with polyvinylpyrrolidone (0.4-0.6) mg/L and silver nitrate (2.0-3.0) mg/L for 3-5 days in the dark, and then transferring the explant to a culture medium added with polyvinylpyrrolidone (0.05-1.5) mg/L, TDZ (0.4-0.6) mg/L and Na2S2O3(8-12) carrying out dark transition culture in 1/2MS culture medium of mg/L for 3-5 days, and transferring to a subculture medium for culture to obtain a mango regeneration tissue culture seedling plant;
and step 3: when the height of the mango regeneration tissue culture seedling is 5-8 cm and is more than or equal to 3 adventitious roots, transferring the mango tissue culture bottle seedlings to a seedling hardening bed, naturally illuminating, controlling the temperature to be 20-26 ℃ and the humidity to be 60-85%, carrying out primary sterile seedling hardening culture for 3-6 days, and then opening the cover to harden the seedlings; when the seedlings grow to 10-15 cm high, taking out the seedlings, cleaning the base parts of the seedlings with clear water, transferring the seedlings into a nutrition cup containing a hardening and strengthening matrix, strengthening and hardening the seedlings until the height of the seedlings is more than or equal to 20cm, controlling the temperature to be 22-30 ℃ and the humidity to be 45-55%, wherein the hardening and strengthening matrix comprises nutrient coconut husk soil, expanded perlite and humus soil in a mass ratio of (7-10) to (4-6) to (2-4);
and 4, step 4: and (4) cultivating the mango plant obtained in the step (3) at room temperature until the plant height is more than or equal to 35cm, planting the mango plant in a field for performing a phenotypic experiment, and selecting a single plant with stable and inherited excellent characters as a new variety. The invention provides a rapid breeding method of high-yield and disease-resistant mango tree seedlings, which not only effectively eliminates the phenol influence in the tissue culture process of the mango tree seedlings, but also obviously improves the transplanting survival rate and the growth quality of the mango tree seedlings, accelerates the period of selective breeding of the mango tree seedlings, and is a stable and efficient breeding process of excellent mango varieties.
Further, the nutritional coconut husk soil is prepared by mixing coconut husk, peat soil and mixed growth conditioning liquid according to the weight ratio of (2-3) to 1; the mixed growth conditioning liquid is prepared by mixing brassin, calcium nitrate, magnesium sulfate and water according to the weight ratio of (0.5-1.5) to (2-3) to (1200-1500). The nutritive coconut husk soil not only effectively avoids the condition that the seedling growth is influenced due to poor water retention and air permeability of the hardening-seedling substrate in the nutrition cup, but also provides sufficient nutrition for the root system of the seedling, promotes the absorption and growth of the root system, improves the stress resistance of the root system and increases the survival rate of the hardening-seedling and transplanting of the mango tissue culture seedling.
Further explaining, in the step (3), the hardening seedling strengthening matrix comprises nutrient coconut husk soil, expanded perlite and humus soil in a mass ratio of 8:5: 3.
Further explaining, in the step (2), the culture medium for dark pre-culture is 1/2MS +6-BA 2.0mg/L + polyvinylpyrrolidone 0.5mg/L + silver nitrate 2.5mg/L, and the pH is 5.8-6.0; the culture medium for dark transition culture is 1/2MS +6-BA 3.0mg/L + polyvinylpyrrolidone 0.1mg/L + TDZ 0.5mg/L + Na2S2O310mg/L and pH of 5.8-6.0.
Further explaining, in the step (2), the temperature of the dark pre-culture is 19-20 ℃, and the culture is carried out for 4 d; and the dark transition culture is carried out at 22-25 ℃ for 4 d.
Further, in the step (2), the subculture medium is MS +6-BA (4.0-5.0) mg/L + NAA (0.2-0.4) mg/L + IAA (1-2) mg/L, and the pH value is 5.8-6.2; the culture conditions were: the culture temperature is as follows: the illumination time is 12h/d at 25-26 ℃, and the illumination intensity is 2000-2500 lx.
Further, in the step (3), the cover opening hardening temperature is 25-28 ℃, and the humidity is 50-60%.
Further, in the step (2), the length of the stem section is 1.3-1.5 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the stem section of mango is used as an explant, and the low-temperature dark treatment of the combination of high-concentration polyvinylpyrrolidone and silver nitrate and the low-concentration polyvinylpyrrolidone, TDZ and Na are adopted2S2O3The combined transition treatment is combined, so that the phenol damage browning is effectively controlled, the phenol damage influence in the tissue culture process of mango seedlings is eliminated, the growth and proliferation of explants are promoted, the excellent characters of mother plants are effectively inherited, and the survival rate of mango regeneration tissue culture seedlings is remarkably improved, so that the seedling culture period is greatly accelerated, and a large number of mango tissue culture seedlings are quickly obtained. Meanwhile, the invention optimizes the seedling hardening process of mango regeneration tissue culture seedlings according to mango regenerationOn the basis of segmented constant-temperature and constant-humidity hardening of the growth condition of the tissue culture seedling, the hardening strengthening matrix formed by mixing the nutritive coconut husk soil, the expanded perlite and the humus soil is jointly adopted for strengthening the hardening treatment of the seedling, so that the transplanting survival rate and the growth quality of the mango tissue culture seedling are fully improved, the growth of the mango tree seedling is accelerated, the reliable and efficient rapid breeding process of the mango seedling plant with high yield and disease resistance is established, and the foundation is laid for rapid breeding and popularization and application of excellent mango varieties.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the invention, specific examples are provided below to further illustrate the invention.
The experimental methods used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The materials, reagents and the like used in the examples of the present invention can be obtained commercially without specific description.
The invention selects a high-yield and disease-resistant Tainong I mango variety for carrying out a cultivation experiment.
Embodiment 1-a high-yield, disease-resistant mango tree seedling rapid breeding method, comprising the following steps:
step 1: selecting a 'Tainong I' mango variant individual plant with high yield and excellent disease resistance from a field;
step 2: taking a stem section with 1 axillary bud from a mango variant single plant as an explant, wherein the length of the stem section is 1.3cm, and carrying out tissue culture and rapid seedling culture; sterilizing the explant, firstly pre-culturing the explant in 1/2MS culture medium added with 0.4mg/L polyvinylpyrrolidone, 2.0mg/L silver nitrate and 2.0 mg/L6-BA at the pH of 5.8-6.0 and in the dark at the temperature of 19 ℃ for 3 days, and then transferring the explant to a medium added with 0.05mg/L, TDZ 0.4.4 mg/L, Na polyvinylpyrrolidone2S2O38mg/L and 6-BA 3.0 mg/L1/2 MS culture medium, the pH is 5.8-6.0, after dark transition culture for 3d at 22 ℃, the culture medium is transferred into a subculture medium for culture, the subculture medium is MS +6-BA 4.0mg/L + NAA 0.2mg/L + IAA 1mg/L, the pH is 5.8-6.2; the culture conditions were: the culture temperature is as follows: at 25 deg.C, the illumination time is 12h/d, the illumination intensity is 2000lx, and fructus Mangifera Indicae is obtainedGrowing a tissue culture seedling plant;
and step 3: when the height of the mango regeneration tissue culture seedling is 5-8 cm and is more than or equal to 3 adventitious roots, transferring the mango tissue culture bottle seedling to a seedling hardening bed, naturally illuminating, controlling the temperature to be 20 ℃ and the humidity to be 60%, performing primary sterile seedling hardening culture for 3 days, then opening a cover and hardening the seedling, wherein the temperature is 25 ℃ and the humidity is 50%; when the seedlings grow to 10-15 cm high, taking out the seedlings, cleaning the base parts of the seedlings with clear water, transferring the seedlings into a nutrition cup containing a hardening and strengthening matrix, strengthening and hardening the seedlings until the plant height is more than or equal to 20cm, controlling the temperature at 22 ℃ and the humidity at 45%, wherein the hardening and strengthening matrix comprises nutrient coconut husk soil, expanded perlite and humus soil in a mass ratio of 7:4: 2; the nutritional coconut husk soil is prepared by mixing coconut husk, peat soil and mixed growth conditioning liquid according to the weight ratio of 2:2: 1; the mixed growth conditioning liquid is prepared by mixing brassin, calcium nitrate, magnesium sulfate and water according to the weight ratio of 0.5:2:2: 1200;
and 4, step 4: and (4) cultivating the mango plant obtained in the step (3) at room temperature until the plant height is more than or equal to 35cm, planting the mango plant in a field for performing a phenotypic experiment, and selecting a single plant with stable and inherited excellent characters as a new variety.
Embodiment 2-a high-yield, disease-resistant mango tree seedling rapid breeding method, comprising the following steps:
step 1: selecting a 'Tainong I' mango variant individual plant with high yield and excellent disease resistance from a field;
step 2: taking a stem section with 2 axillary buds from a mango variant single plant as an explant, wherein the length of the stem section is 1.5cm, and carrying out tissue culture and rapid seedling culture; sterilizing the explant, firstly, pre-culturing the explant in 1/2MS culture medium added with 0.6mg/L polyvinylpyrrolidone, 3.0mg/L silver nitrate and 2.0 mg/L6-BA at the pH of 5.8-6.0 and in the dark at the temperature of 20 ℃ for 5 days, and then transferring the explant to a medium added with 1.5mg/L, TDZ 0.6.6 mg/L, Na polyvinylpyrrolidone2S2O3In 1/2MS culture medium with the pH value of 5.8-6.0 in 12mg/L and 6-BA 3.0mg/L, after dark transition culture for 5 days at 25 ℃, transferring the culture medium into a subculture medium for culture, wherein the subculture medium comprises MS +6-BA 5.0mg/L + NAA 0.4mg/L + IAA 2mg/L and the pH value is 5.8-6.2; the culture conditions were: the culture temperature is as follows: at 26 ℃, the illumination time is 12hd, obtaining a mango regeneration tissue culture seedling plant with the illumination intensity of 2500 lx;
and step 3: when the height of the mango regeneration tissue culture seedling is 5-8 cm and is more than or equal to 3 adventitious roots, transferring the mango tissue culture bottle seedlings to a seedling exercising bed, naturally illuminating, controlling the temperature to be 26 ℃ and the humidity to be 85%, carrying out primary sterile seedling exercising culture for 6 days, then opening the cover and exercising the seedlings, wherein the temperature is 28 ℃ and the humidity is 60%; when the seedlings grow to 10-15 cm high, taking out the seedlings, cleaning the base parts of the seedlings with clear water, transferring the seedlings into a nutrition cup containing a hardening and strengthening matrix, strengthening and hardening the seedlings until the plant height is more than or equal to 20cm, controlling the temperature at 30 ℃ and the humidity at 55%, wherein the hardening and strengthening matrix comprises nutrient coconut husk soil, expanded perlite and humus soil in a mass ratio of 10:6: 4; the nutritional coconut husk soil is prepared by mixing coconut husk, peat soil and mixed growth conditioning liquid according to the weight ratio of 3:3: 1; the mixed growth conditioning liquid is prepared by mixing brassin, calcium nitrate, magnesium sulfate and water according to the weight ratio of 1.5:3:3: 1500;
and 4, step 4: and (4) cultivating the mango plant obtained in the step (3) at room temperature until the plant height is more than or equal to 35cm, planting the mango plant in a field for performing a phenotypic experiment, and selecting a single plant with stable and inherited excellent characters as a new variety.
Embodiment 3-a high-yield, disease-resistant mango tree seedling rapid breeding method, comprising the following steps:
step 1: selecting a 'Tainong I' mango variant individual plant with high yield and excellent disease resistance from a field;
step 2: taking a stem section with 3 axillary buds from a mango variant single plant as an explant, wherein the length of the stem section is 1.4cm, and carrying out tissue culture and rapid seedling culture; sterilizing the explant, firstly, pre-culturing the explant in 1/2MS culture medium added with 0.5mg/L polyvinylpyrrolidone, 2.5mg/L silver nitrate and 2.0 mg/L6-BA at the pH of 5.8-6.0 and in the dark at the temperature of 19 ℃ for 4 days, and then transferring the explant to a medium added with 0.1mg/L, TDZ 0.5.5 mg/L, Na polyvinylpyrrolidone2S2O3In 1/2MS culture medium with the pH value of 5.8-6.0 in 10mg/L and 6-BA 3.0mg/L, after dark transition culture for 4 days at 25 ℃, transferring the culture medium into a subculture medium for culture, wherein the subculture medium comprises MS +6-BA 4.5mg/L + NAA 0.3mg/L + IAA1.5mg/L and the pH value of 5.8-6.2; the culture conditions were:the culture temperature is as follows: at 26 ℃, the illumination time is 12h/d, the illumination intensity is 2300lx, and mango regeneration tissue culture seedling plants are obtained;
and step 3: when the height of the mango regeneration tissue culture seedling is 5-8 cm and is more than or equal to 3 adventitious roots, transferring the mango tissue culture bottle seedling to a seedling hardening bed, naturally illuminating, controlling the temperature to be 23 ℃ and the humidity to be 75%, carrying out primary sterile seedling hardening culture for 5 days, then opening a cover and hardening the seedling, wherein the temperature is 26 ℃ and the humidity is 50-60%; when the seedlings grow to 10-15 cm high, taking out the seedlings, cleaning the base parts of the seedlings with clear water, transferring the seedlings into a nutrition cup containing a hardening and strengthening matrix, strengthening and hardening the seedlings until the plant height is more than or equal to 20cm, controlling the temperature at 26 ℃ and the humidity at 50%, wherein the hardening and strengthening matrix comprises nutrient coconut husk soil, expanded perlite and humus soil in a mass ratio of 8:5: 3;
the nutrient coconut husk soil is prepared by mixing coconut husk, peat soil and mixed growth conditioning liquid according to the weight ratio of 2.5:2.5: 1; the mixed growth conditioning liquid is prepared by mixing brassin, calcium nitrate, magnesium sulfate and water according to the weight ratio of 1:2.5:2.5: 1300;
and 4, step 4: and (4) cultivating the mango plant obtained in the step (3) at room temperature until the plant height is more than or equal to 35cm, planting the mango plant in a field for performing a phenotypic experiment, and selecting a single plant with stable and inherited excellent characters as a new variety.
Comparative example 1-fast breeding method of high-yield and disease-resistant mango saplings according to example 3, except that, in the step (2), explants were sterilized and added with polyvinylpyrrolidone 0.5mg/L, silver nitrate 2.5mg/L, TDZ 0.5.5 mg/L, Na2S2O3In 1/2MS culture medium of 10mg/L and 6-BA 2.0mg/L, pH is 5.8-6.0, after being pre-cultured in dark at 25 ℃ for 8 days, the culture medium is transferred to a subculture medium for culture, and the other parameters and steps are the same as those in the embodiment 3.
Comparative example 2-the rapid breeding method of high-yield and disease-resistant mango tree seedlings according to example 3, except that in step (3), the seedling hardening strengthening matrix is coconut husk, peat soil, expanded perlite and humus soil in a mass ratio of 4:4:5: 3.
According to the rapid breeding method of the high-yield and disease-resistant mango tree seedlings in the embodiments 1-3 and the comparative example 3, the browning rate of the tissue culture seedling, the survival rate of the tissue culture seedling and the transplanting survival rate of the mango tree seedling are respectively counted, and the results are as follows:
as can be seen from the above table, according to the rapid breeding method of the high-yield and disease-resistant mango tree seedlings in the embodiments 1-3, the browning rate of the tissue culture seedlings is reduced to less than 20%, and the survival rate is obviously improved; the method can better control phenol damage browning, eliminate the influence of phenol damage in the tissue culture process of mango seedlings, and effectively promote the growth and proliferation of explants. The characters of a strain obtained by transplanting the tissue culture seedling have no obvious difference with a mother plant, and the character separation phenomenon does not occur, so that the method not only effectively inherits the excellent characters of the mother plant, but also obviously improves the survival rate of the mango regeneration tissue culture seedling; meanwhile, the survival rate of the mango regeneration tissue culture seedlings is improved to be more than 95% by optimizing the seedling hardening process of the mango regeneration tissue culture seedlings, so that a reliable and efficient rapid propagation and breeding system of mango seedling plants with high yield and disease resistance is formed, and rapid breeding and popularization and application of good mango varieties are promoted.
Compared with the comparative examples 1-2, the browning rate of the tissue culture seedlings in the comparative example 2 is increased, and the transplanting survival rate in the comparative example 2 is obviously lower than that in the example 3; the invention shows that the invention adopts the combination of high-concentration polyvinylpyrrolidone and silver nitrate for low-temperature dark treatment and low-concentration polyvinylpyrrolidone, TDZ and Na2S2O3The combined transition treatment is combined, so that the phenol harm influence in the tissue culture process of mango seedlings can be obviously improved; and on the basis of carrying out sectional constant-temperature and constant-humidity hardening on the mango regenerated tissue culture seedlings according to the growth conditions of the mango regenerated tissue culture seedlings, the hardening seedling strengthening treatment is carried out by jointly adopting a hardening seedling strengthening matrix formed by mixing the nutritive coconut chaff soil, the expanded perlite and the humus soil, so that the nutritive coconut soil has better water retention, fertilizer retention and air permeability, and the transplanting survival rate and the growth quality of the mango tissue culture seedlings are fully improved.
According to the rapid breeding method of the high-yield and disease-resistant mango tree seedlings in the embodiment 3, mango regeneration tissue culture seedling plants are obtained, experiments for influencing the transplanting survival rate of the mango tree seedlings by setting the proportion of different seedling hardening matrix components are carried out, each experimental group is as follows, and the results are shown in the table below.
Example 4-weight ratio of Nutrition coconut chaff soil, expanded perlite and humus soil of the hardening seedling strengthening substrate is 7:5:3
Comparative example 3-the mass ratio of the nutrient coconut chaff soil, the expanded perlite and the humus soil of the hardening seedling strengthening matrix is 5:5: 3.
Comparative example 4-the mass ratio of the nutrient coconut chaff soil, the expanded perlite and the humus soil of the hardening seedling strengthening matrix is 15:5: 3.
| Group of | Number/plant of acclimatized seedlings | Survival rate of transplanting mango tree seedlings% |
| Example 4 | 80 | 97.5 |
| Comparative example 3 | 80 | 93.8 |
| Comparative example 4 | 80 | 92.5 |
As can be seen from the above table, the survival rate of transplanting the seedlings of the comparative examples 3 and 4 is lower than that of the example 4, excessive nutritive coconut coir soil in the comparative example 4 can also influence the growth of the root systems of the seedlings, and the eutrophication of the matrix enables the root systems to grow slowly, which shows that the mixture of the nutritive coconut coir soil with a certain quality, the expanded perlite and the humus soil is adopted as the hardening-seedling strengthening matrix, so that the poor water retention and air permeability of the hardening-seedling matrix in the nutrition cup can be effectively maintained, the sufficient nutrition is provided for the root systems of the seedlings, the absorption and growth of the root systems are promoted, the stress resistance of the root systems is improved, and the survival rate of transplanting the hardened-seedling of the mango tissue culture seedlings is increased.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (4)
1. A method for quickly breeding high-yield disease-resistant mango saplings is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting mango variant individual plants with high yield and disease resistance and excellent characters from a field;
step 2: taking a stem section with 1-3 axillary buds in a mango variant single plant as an explant, and carrying out tissue culture and rapid seedling culture; sterilizing an explant, firstly pre-culturing the explant in 1/2MS culture medium with 0.4-0.6 mg/L of polyvinylpyrrolidone and 2.0-3.0 mg/L of silver nitrate for 3-5 days in the dark, and then transferring the explant to a culture medium with 0.05-1.5 mg/L, TDZ 0.4-0.6 mg/L of polyvinylpyrrolidone and Na2S2O3Carrying out dark transition culture in an 1/2MS culture medium of 8-12 mg/L for 3-5 days, and transferring to a subculture medium for culture to obtain a mango regeneration tissue culture seedling plant;
the dark pre-culture medium is 1/2MS +6-BA 2.0mg/L + polyvinylpyrrolidone 0.5mg/L + silver nitrate 2.5mg/L, and the pH is 5.8-6.0; the culture medium for dark transition culture is 1/2MS +6-BA 3.0mg/L + polyvinylpyrrolidone 0.1mg/L + TDZ 0.5mg/L + Na2S2O310mg/L, and the pH value is 5.8-6.0;
the temperature of the dark preculture is 19-20 ℃, and the culture is carried out for 4 d; the dark transition culture is carried out at 22-25 ℃ for 4 d;
the subculture medium comprises MS +6-BA 4.0-5.0 mg/L + NAA 0.2-0.4 mg/L + IAA 1-2 mg/L and pH 5.8-6.2; the culture conditions were: the culture temperature is as follows: the illumination time is 12h/d at 25-26 ℃, and the illumination intensity is 2000-2500 lx;
and step 3: when the height of the mango regeneration tissue culture seedling is 5-8 cm and is more than or equal to 3 adventitious roots, transferring the mango tissue culture bottle seedlings to a seedling hardening bed, naturally illuminating, controlling the temperature to be 20-26 ℃ and the humidity to be 60-85%, carrying out primary sterile seedling hardening culture for 3-6 days, and then opening the cover to harden the seedlings; when the seedlings grow to 10-15 cm high, taking out the seedlings, cleaning the base parts of the seedlings with clear water, transferring the seedlings into a nutrition cup containing a hardening and strengthening matrix, strengthening and hardening the seedlings until the plant height is more than or equal to 20cm, controlling the temperature to be 22-30 ℃ and the humidity to be 45-55%, wherein the hardening and strengthening matrix comprises nutrient coconut husk soil, expanded perlite and humus soil in a mass ratio of 7-10: 4-6: 2-4;
and 4, step 4: culturing the mango plant obtained in the step (3) at room temperature until the plant height is more than or equal to 35cm, planting the mango plant in a field for performing a phenotypic experiment, and selecting a single plant with stable genetic excellent characters as a new variety;
the nutritional coconut husk soil is prepared by mixing coconut husk, peat soil and a mixed growth conditioning solution according to the weight ratio of 2-3: 1; the mixed growth conditioning liquid is prepared by mixing brassin, calcium nitrate, magnesium sulfate and water according to the weight ratio of 0.5-1.5: 2-3: 1200-1500.
2. The method for rapidly breeding the high-yield and disease-resistant mango tree seedlings according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (3), the hardening and strengthening matrix comprises nutrient coconut husk soil, expanded perlite and humus soil in a mass ratio of 8:5: 3.
3. The method for rapidly breeding the high-yield and disease-resistant mango tree seedlings according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (3), the cover opening hardening temperature is 25-28 ℃, and the humidity is 50-60%.
4. The rapid breeding method of high-yield and disease-resistant mango saplings as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (2), the length of the stem section is 1.3-1.5 cm.
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