CN112116171A - Novel photovoltaic power generation power prediction method based on neural network - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a photovoltaic power prediction algorithm, which can be used for output power prediction of a single photovoltaic panel and also can be used for output power prediction of a photovoltaic station. Specifically, an improved neural network is used for modeling, power is used as the output of the neural network, and the input is divided into two parts: the first part is that the quantity which is correlated with the power is used as the input, and a correction factor based on the prediction error of the first five minutes is added, and the second part is that the data correlation of the cloud cover coefficient and the relative temperature, the rainfall and the time is found by utilizing a fuzzy preprocessing tool box, and the cloud cover coefficient is obtained and used as the input quantity. The method adopts an error correction factor and a fuzzy preprocessing method, and improves the accuracy of power prediction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a photovoltaic power prediction algorithm, which can be used for output power prediction of a single photovoltaic panel and also can be used for output power prediction of a photovoltaic station.
Background
At present, the traditional coal energy is increasingly exhausted, the price of petroleum is continuously increased, and meanwhile, people pay more attention to environmental protection, so that people have urgent needs for renewable energy. Photovoltaic power generation is to convert solar energy into electric energy, and solar energy is clean, environment-friendly and renewable clean energy. Under the condition of conventional energy shortage at present, the development of the photovoltaic industry can prevent people from depending on non-renewable energy such as petroleum, coal and the like, so that the effects of maintaining ecological balance and adjusting energy structures are achieved.
In view of the current development situation of the global photovoltaic power generation industry, due to the increasing importance of the world countries on the sustainable development concept, the scale of global photovoltaic power generation is rapidly expanding. With the continuous development of electric power technology, the cost of photovoltaic power generation is remarkably reduced, and the price of photovoltaic power generation products is also continuously reduced. At present, photovoltaic power generation projects are actively promoted in countries in many regions in the world, more and more investors participate in the photovoltaic market, and the global photovoltaic market is developing towards diversification. From the overseas market loading perspective, there are an increasing number of projects loading in excess of one billion watts per year. The competitiveness of photovoltaic power generation in the market is gradually improved, and the photovoltaic power generation is likely to become the most popular new energy technology in the future. One of the key problems limiting the development of photovoltaic power generation at present is the problem of predicting the power of photovoltaic power generation.
Firstly, the accurate prediction of the photovoltaic power can improve the stability of the power grid and increase the photoelectric capacity of the power grid. The photovoltaic power generation has intermittence, randomness and fluctuation, so that a series of problems are brought to the safe operation of a power grid, and the traditional method of a power grid dispatching department can only adopt the action of pulling a gate and limiting the power. With the increase of the proportion of the power structure of the power grid of the photovoltaic power station, a photovoltaic power prediction system becomes more important, the more accurate the photovoltaic power prediction is, the smaller the influence of the photovoltaic grid connection on the safe operation of the power grid is, and the scheduling plan of various power supplies can be effectively made by a power grid scheduling department.
And secondly, the photovoltaic power station is helped to reduce economic loss caused by power limiting, and the operation management efficiency of the photovoltaic power station is improved. The more accurate the photovoltaic power prediction is, the more the photovoltaic power is, the less the photovoltaic power limitation is, so that the sunlight absorption capacity of the power grid is greatly improved, the economic loss of photovoltaic owners caused by power limitation is reduced, and the investment return rate of photovoltaic power stations is increased.
The method predicts the power based on the artificial neural network, adds an error correction factor and a fuzzy preprocessing method, and more accurately predicts the photovoltaic output power.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention relates to a photovoltaic output power prediction algorithm, which utilizes error feedback as the input of the next stage to improve a power prediction neural network, and specifically utilizes the improved neural network to carry out modeling, the power is used as the output of the neural network, the input is divided into two parts, the first part is a quantity which is correlated with the power and is used as the input, a correction factor for predicting errors based on the first five minutes is added, and the second part is a fuzzy preprocessing tool box which is used for finding out the data correlation between a cloud coefficient and relative humidity, rainfall and time to obtain the cloud coefficient as the input quantity. The method adopts an error correction factor and a fuzzy preprocessing method, and improves the accuracy of power prediction.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following methods:
a photovoltaic power generation power prediction method based on a neural network is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, acquiring historical data required by photovoltaic power generation power prediction;
s2, constructing a photovoltaic power generation power prediction model based on the improved neural network, and training the improved neural network by adopting a least square optimization algorithm to obtain the photovoltaic power generation power prediction model;
s3, the input part of the photovoltaic power generation power prediction model built based on the improved neural network comprises two parts: the first part is to take the historical data as input and add a prediction error correction factor based on the previous five minutes; the second part is that a fuzzy preprocessing tool box is utilized to find out the data correlation of the cloud coefficient with humidity, rainfall and time, the obtained cloud coefficient is used as an input quantity, and the power of the photovoltaic power generation power prediction model constructed based on the improved neural network is output of the neural network;
and S4, outputting the prediction result of the photovoltaic power generation power.
Preferably, the historical data of step S1 includes irradiance, temperature, humidity, air pressure, wind speed, wind direction as one to six inputs to the neural network.
Preferably, the photovoltaic power generation power prediction model of step S2 is composed of three parts, i.e., an input layer, a hidden layer and an output layer, wherein the hidden layer is composed of different numbers of neurons, and the neuron model is composed of a group of connected links called synapses, each with its own weight, and the amplitude range of the output signal is reduced to a finite value by calculation.
Preferably, the error correction factor predicted in the first five minutes in step S3 is used as a seventh input of the neural network, and the error correction factor is obtained based on a calculation error formula and fed back to the input layer to predict the photovoltaic power.
Preferably, the fuzzy preprocessing toolbox in step S3 determines the positive correlation between the rainfall coefficient and the humidity, rainfall and time data by using the fuzzy preprocessing toolbox of the MATLAB itself, and obtains the cloud coefficient as the eighth input quantity of the neural network, so as to be used for accurately predicting the photovoltaic power by the neural network.
Preferably, the error between the output of the neural network and the actual photovoltaic output power is obtained through calculation by the prediction error correction factor of the first five minutes, and the obtained error is propagated from the output layer back to the input layer of the neural network, so that the size of the error predicted at the last moment can be known by the neural network at any time, and the prediction error of the neural network in the next five minutes can be reduced.
Preferably, the humidity, the rainfall and the time are all triangular membership functions, fuzzy division is respectively carried out according to the corresponding maximum and minimum values in the historical data, each division corresponds to one fuzzy subset, and the positive correlation among the humidity, the rainfall and the time and the negative correlation among the humidity, the rainfall and the irradiance are more accurately obtained.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
1. and calculating a prediction error based on prediction data obtained in the first five minutes according to an error calculation formula, and returning the prediction error to the input layer of the neural network to be used as the input of prediction at the next moment and used as an error correction factor for correcting the neural network. The neural network can monitor the prediction error at a moment, so that the prediction at the next moment is more accurate.
2. The cloud covering amount has great correlation with irradiance, so that the correlation between a rainfall coefficient and three data of relative temperature, rainfall and time is found by taking the fuzzy logic theory into consideration and utilizing a fuzzy preprocessing tool box carried by MATLAB, the cloud coefficient is obtained and used as the input quantity of the neural network, and the prediction of the neural network on the photovoltaic power is further accurate.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a neural network according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the fuzzy pre-processing of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a fuzzy controller according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
The invention relates to a photovoltaic output power prediction algorithm, which utilizes error feedback as the input of the next stage to improve a power prediction neural network, and particularly utilizes the improved neural network for modeling, obtains a cloud coefficient as one input of an input layer based on fuzzy logic processing, and feeds back an obtained error factor to the input layer as one input thereof based on a calculation error formula to predict the photovoltaic power.
The predicted body part provides a three-layer (input, hidden, and output) feedforward and back-propagation model. A least square (Levenberg-Marquardt) optimization method is adopted as a neural network training algorithm. The neural network shown in fig. 1 is composed of an input layer, a hidden layer and an output layer. The input layer has 8 input quantities: irradiance, temperature, wind speed, wind direction, air pressure, humidity, error correction factors and cloud cover coefficients; the output layer has an output: power; the hidden layer is composed of different numbers of neurons. The number of neurons in the hidden layer generally needs to be determined according to specific problems.
The neuron model used to design many neural network models consists of a set of connected links called synapses, each with its own weight wkj. This weight is multiplied by its own input vector xiThen all weighted inputs are combined with an external bias(error adjustment term) addition, the latter being responsible for reducing or increasing the summed output signalThen activate function f2Applied to the output to output the signalIs reduced to a limited value. Input vector "x ═ irradiance, temperature, wind speed, wind direction, barometric pressure, humidity, error correction factor, cloud cover coefficient]"applied to the input layer of the network. The net input to the jth hidden unit is:
wherein wjiThe weight on the ith input cell connection,representing the error of the hidden layer neurons. When the neural network is trained, the input and the output are known quantities, and the error quantity obtained by calculating the result obtained each time and the actual result is the error of the hidden layer neuron.
The output of the hidden layer neurons is:
the net inputs to the output layer neurons are noted as:
Second layerThe outputs of (1) are the net outputs we have found last, these outputs are labeled yk。
f2(n)=purelin(n)=n (6)
As shown in fig. 2, a fuzzy preprocessing tool box is introduced into the neural system model to fuzzify the input and output variables: the method comprises the steps of converting input and output accurate quantities into fuzzy sets corresponding to linguistic variables, using membership functions in different areas, and obtaining the relation between relative humidity and rainfall at different times after the membership functions are set by using matlab so as to search the data correlation between the humidity, the rainfall and the time of the day. Classification of cloud indices into neural networks (i)8) To the other input. The fuzzy preprocessing comprehensively considers the influence of humidity, rainfall and time on irradiance, simplifies the input of a neural network, and simultaneously more accurately obtains the positive correlation between the humidity and the rainfall and the negative correlation between the humidity, the rainfall and the irradiance.
Three input variables, humidity, rainfall and time, are selected, and the data are divided into sample data and verification data. To ensure the randomness of the results, 20 percent of the data is randomly selected as sample data.
The three variables are all selected from a triangular membership function, fuzzy division is respectively carried out according to the corresponding maximum and minimum values in the sample data, and each division corresponds to a fuzzy subset (as shown in figure 2). 3 fuzzy language variable values of low, normal and high are taken for humidity, rainfall and time. The meteorological factors also select 3 fuzzy language variable values: low, normal, and high, as shown in fig. 3, all of the three variables are selected from a triangular membership function, and fuzzy division is performed according to the corresponding maximum and minimum values in the sample data.
Calculating an error correction factor, proposing an error (n) between the output of the neural network and the actual photovoltaic output powerthInterval), the calculated error is output from the inputThe output layer is propagated back to the input layer of the neural network, so that the neural network can know the predicted error at any time, the network can be automatically adjusted, the weight value between input quantities can be corrected, and the prediction (n + 1) of the neural network in the next 5 minutes can be reducedthInterval) of the prediction error. Error correction factor i for improving neural network model7The inputs of (a) are:
error factor calculation formula:
wherein m represents the number of samples, AtIs the predicted value of the photovoltaic power, FtIs the value of the actual measured photovoltaic power.
The fuzzy preprocessing comprehensively considers the influence of relative humidity, rainfall and time on irradiance, simplifies the input of a neural network, and simultaneously obtains the relation between the common relation among the relative humidity, the rainfall and the time and the irradiance more accurately.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (7)
1. A photovoltaic power generation power prediction method based on a neural network is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, acquiring historical data required by photovoltaic power generation power prediction;
s2, constructing a photovoltaic power generation power prediction model based on the improved neural network, and training the improved neural network by adopting a least square optimization algorithm to obtain the photovoltaic power generation power prediction model;
s3, the input part of the photovoltaic power generation power prediction model built based on the improved neural network comprises two parts: the first part is to take the historical data as input and add a prediction error correction factor based on the previous five minutes; the second part is that a fuzzy preprocessing tool box is utilized to find out the data correlation of the cloud coefficient with humidity, rainfall and time, the obtained cloud coefficient is used as an input quantity, and the power of the photovoltaic power generation power prediction model constructed based on the improved neural network is output of the neural network;
and S4, outputting the prediction result of the photovoltaic power generation power.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the historical data of step S1 includes irradiance, temperature, humidity, air pressure, wind speed, and wind direction as one to six inputs of the neural network.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the photovoltaic generation power prediction model of step S2 is composed of three parts, i.e. an input layer, a hidden layer and an output layer, wherein the hidden layer is composed of different numbers of neurons, and the neuron model is composed of a set of connected links called synapses, each with its own weight, and the amplitude range of the output signal is reduced to a finite value by calculation.
4. The method for predicting photovoltaic power generation according to claim 1, wherein the error correction factor predicted in the first five minutes in step S3 is used as a seventh input of the neural network, and the error correction factor is obtained based on a calculation error formula and fed back to the input layer to predict the photovoltaic power.
5. The method for predicting photovoltaic power generation based on neural network as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fuzzy preprocessing toolbox of step S3 is to determine the positive correlation between the rainfall coefficient and the humidity, rainfall and time data by using the fuzzy preprocessing toolbox of MATLAB itself, and obtain the cloud coefficient as the eighth input of the neural network, so as to be used for predicting the photovoltaic power by the neural network accurately.
6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the error correction factor is obtained by calculating the error between the output of the neural network and the actual photovoltaic output power in the first five minutes, and the obtained error is propagated from the output layer back to the input layer of the neural network, so that the neural network knows the size of the error predicted in the last moment at any time, and the error is used for reducing the prediction error of the neural network in the next five minutes.
7. The photovoltaic power generation power prediction method based on the neural network as claimed in claim 6, wherein the humidity, the rainfall and the time are all triangular membership functions, fuzzy division is respectively performed according to the corresponding maximum and minimum values in the historical data, each division corresponds to one fuzzy subset, and the positive correlation among the humidity, the rainfall and the time and the negative correlation among the humidity, the rainfall and the irradiance are more accurately obtained.
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