CN104268638A - Photovoltaic power generation system power predicting method of elman-based neural network - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a photovoltaic power generation system power predicting method of an elman-based neural network. The method comprises the steps of obtaining generated power historical data and corresponding historical weather parameter information of photovoltaic power generation equipment at the related area, determining input data and output data of the neural network, determining the optimal number of hidden layer neurons, building the elman-based neural network accordingly, carrying out normalization processing on the generated power historical data and the historical weather parameter information, training the built neural network according to the data obtained after normalization processing is carried out, controlling prediction errors of the elman-based neural network to be within the preset range accordingly, regarding generated power historical data of one week before the prediction day and weather parameter data of the prediction day as input, and predicting the generated power of the prediction day through the trained neural network. The method has the advantages of being stable and high in time-varying adaptability and prediction precision, and can be widely applied to the field of photovoltaic power generation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of photovoltaic power generation, especially a kind of photovoltaic generating system power forecasting method based on elman neural network.
Background technology
Renewable energy power generation is comparatively efficient and clean renewable energy utilization mode, is also one of the most ripe in current regenerative resource operation technique, mode most with scale exploit condition and commercialized development prospect.Photovoltaic generation is then the main Land use systems of regenerative resource, is the chief component of intelligent grid.The prediction of short-term power generation power is then the key whether photovoltaic generation can successfully be promoted, and Ye Shi power scheduling department formulates the foundation of power scheduling plan, the important leverage of the self-built photovoltaic generating system benefit such as family or enterprise especially.
And current all short-term solar energy power generating Forecasting Methodologies are all based on identical thinking: first utilize mathematics and physics theory and related data to set up predictor formula or model, then by predictor formula or model, photovoltaic power station power generation amount is predicted.According to adopted theory of mathematical physics and prediction output quantity thereof, photovoltaic generation Forecasting Methodology can be divided into two large classes: (1) directly predicts the direct forecast methods (being statistic law again) of electro-optical system output power; (2) first solar radiation is predicted, then obtain the indirect predictions method (being Physical again) of photoelectric yield power according to photoelectric transformation efficiency.
The Forecasting Methodology of Corpus--based Method method has the methods such as probabilistic method, time series method and artificial intelligence method, and its advantage is that program is simple and clear, to photovoltaic plant position and the not requirement of electric power conversion parameter; Shortcoming does not consider to affect the environmental factor of photovoltaic generation, needs a large amount of photovoltaic plant history datas to ensure the degree of accuracy of forecast result, and easily cause the undulatory property of precision of prediction excessive because of the change of environment.The Forecasting Methodology of physically based deformation method is mainly based on photovoltaic generating system physics electricity generating principle.Its advantage does not need history data, just can directly predict after photovoltaic plant builds up; Shortcoming needs the data such as the detailed topomap of photovoltaic plant, power house coordinate, photovoltaic plant powertrace and other relative photo electricity conversion parameter.
At present widely used is in the industry Forecasting Methodology (one of artificial intelligence method) based on BP neural network, but the Forecasting Methodology based on BP neural network still exists following defect:
(1) only have feedforward and without feedback, excessively poor to the susceptibility of historical data, easily cause the information of the mode of learning remembered to disappear, stable not;
(2) multidate information ability is processed excessively weak, cannot the direct characteristic of photovoltaic generating system in dynamic reflection dynamic process, do not possess the ability of adaptation time-varying characteristics, and the undulatory property of precision of prediction is larger.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the object of the invention is: provide a kind of and stablize, have adapt to time-varying characteristics ability and precision of prediction high, based on the photovoltaic generating system power forecasting method of elman neural network.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
Based on a photovoltaic generating system power forecasting method for elman neural network, comprising:
A, obtain at the generated output historical data of relevant regional photovoltaic power generation equipment and corresponding weather history parameter information;
B, determine the input and output data of neural network, and determine optimum hidden layer neuron number, thus the neural network set up based on elman, the described neural network based on elman comprises input layer, hidden layer, undertaking layer and output layer, and described undertaking layer is for remembering the output valve of hidden layer previous moment and this output valve being returned to the input of hidden layer;
C, generated output historical data and weather history parameter information to be normalized, then according to the data after normalized, the neural network set up is trained, thus the predicated error of the neural network based on elman is controlled in the scope preset;
D, using the generated output historical data predicting day the last week and prediction day weather parameters data as input, adopt training after neural network to prediction day generated output predict.
Further, described default scope is 5%-10%.
Further, described generated output historical data comprises generated output per hour and effective generating dutation section, and described weather history parameter information comprises temperature, air pressure, wind direction, wind speed, cloud amount, rainfall, sunshine-duration and weather pattern.
Further, described step B, it comprises:
The generated output historical data that B1, statistics obtain and weather history parameter information, using the actual power power of one day as the output data of neural network, using this day the last week generated output W per hour in effective time section f and the weather parameters data of this day as the input data of neural network;
B2, initialization is carried out to elman neural network, input node unit vector, hidden layer node unit vector, feedback states vector sum output node vector is determined according to input and output sequence, thus the neural metwork training model set up based on elman, wherein, the nodes of hidden layer draws by increasing progressively method of trial and error gradually.
Further, the non-linear state space expression formula of described elman neural network is:
,
Wherein,
yfor m ties up output node vector;
lfor
ndimension hidden layer node unit vector;
xfor u ties up input vector;
cfor n ties up feedback states vector; w
3for hidden layer connects weights to output layer; w
2for input layer connects weights to hidden layer; w
1for accepting the connection weights of layer to hidden layer;
g(*) be the transport function of output neuron;
f(*) be the transport function of hidden layer neuron.
Further, described step C, it comprises:
C1, employing minimax method are normalized generated output historical data and weather history parameter information, and the formula of described normalized is:
,
Wherein,
x maxfor the maximum number in data sequence,
x minfor the minimum number in data sequence;
C2, according to the data after normalized, error calculation, right value update and threshold values are carried out to the neural network set up and upgrade, thus the predicated error of the neural network based on elman to be controlled in the scope of 5%-10%.
Further, described elman neural network adopts BP algorithm to carry out modified weight renewal, and adopts sum of squared errors function to carry out target function study, described target function
e (w)the formula of study is:
,
Wherein,
for target input vector.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: by the structure of Elman neural network, in conjunction with at the corresponding weather history parameter information of relevant regional photovoltaic power generation equipment generated output historical data, obtain the generated output predicting day, wherein, Elman neural network comprises input layer, hidden layer, output layer and for the output valve of remembering hidden layer previous moment and layer is accepted in the input this output valve being returned to hidden layer, add feedback, comparatively responsive to historical data, comparatively stable; Need when training to carry out control errors, any Nonlinear Mapping can be approached with arbitrary accuracy, do not consider the impact of external noise on system, thus make system have higher precision, and there is the ability adapting to time-varying characteristics, the characteristic of the direct dynamic reflection dynamic process system of energy, decreases the undulatory property of precision of prediction.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
Fig. 1 is the overall flow figure of a kind of photovoltaic generating system power forecasting method based on elman neural network of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the neural network that the present invention is based on elman;
Fig. 3 is the process flow diagram of step B of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the process flow diagram of step C of the present invention.
Embodiment
See figures.1.and.2, a kind of photovoltaic generating system power forecasting method based on elman neural network, comprising:
A, obtain at the generated output historical data of relevant regional photovoltaic power generation equipment and corresponding weather history parameter information;
B, determine the input and output data of neural network, and determine optimum hidden layer neuron number, thus the neural network set up based on elman, the described neural network based on elman comprises input layer, hidden layer, undertaking layer and output layer, and described undertaking layer is for remembering the output valve of hidden layer previous moment and this output valve being returned to the input of hidden layer;
C, generated output historical data and weather history parameter information to be normalized, then according to the data after normalized, the neural network set up is trained, thus the predicated error of the neural network based on elman is controlled in the scope preset;
D, using the generated output historical data predicting day the last week and prediction day weather parameters data as input, adopt training after neural network to prediction day generated output predict.
Be further used as preferred embodiment, described default scope is 5%-10%.
Be further used as preferred embodiment, described generated output historical data comprises generated output per hour and effective generating dutation section, and described weather history parameter information comprises temperature, air pressure, wind direction, wind speed, cloud amount, rainfall, sunshine-duration and weather pattern.
With reference to Fig. 3, be further used as preferred embodiment, described step B, it comprises:
The generated output historical data that B1, statistics obtain and weather history parameter information, using the actual power power of one day as the output data of neural network, using this day the last week generated output W per hour in effective time section f and the weather parameters data of this day as the input data of neural network;
B2, initialization is carried out to elman neural network, input node unit vector, hidden layer node unit vector, feedback states vector sum output node vector is determined according to input and output sequence, thus the neural metwork training model set up based on elman, wherein, the nodes of hidden layer draws by increasing progressively method of trial and error gradually.
Be further used as preferred embodiment, the non-linear state space expression formula of described elman neural network is:
,
Wherein,
yfor m ties up output node vector;
lfor
ndimension hidden layer node unit vector;
xfor u ties up input vector;
cfor n ties up feedback states vector; w
3for hidden layer connects weights to output layer; w
2for input layer connects weights to hidden layer; w
1for accepting the connection weights of layer to hidden layer;
g(*) be the transport function of output neuron;
f(*) be the transport function of hidden layer neuron.
With reference to Fig. 4, be further used as preferred embodiment, described step C, it comprises:
C1, employing minimax method are normalized generated output historical data and weather history parameter information, and the formula of described normalized is:
,
Wherein,
x maxfor the maximum number in data sequence,
x minfor the minimum number in data sequence;
C2, according to the data after normalized, error calculation, right value update and threshold values are carried out to the neural network set up and upgrade, thus the predicated error of the neural network based on elman to be controlled in the scope of 5%-10%.
Be further used as preferred embodiment, described elman neural network adopts BP algorithm to carry out modified weight renewal, and adopts sum of squared errors function to carry out target function study, described target function
e (w)the formula of study is:
,
Wherein,
for target input vector.
Below in conjunction with Figure of description and specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment one
With reference to Fig. 2, the first embodiment of the present invention:
The present invention adopts the forecast model based on Elman neural network to realize the short-term forecasting of photovoltaic system electricity generation power, and the structure of Elman neural network model as shown in Figure 2.Wherein, X
1, X
2xu is the node of input layer, the prediction day weather parameters and upper one week photovoltaic system electricity generation power of corresponding input; Y
1the node of output layer, the corresponding prediction day system generated output exported; l
1, l
2l
nthe node of hidden layer, the hidden layer neuron number that wherein node in hidden layer n(is namely optimum) determine according to the way increasing exploration gradually; C
1, C
2c
nbe accept the node of layer, be used for remembering the output valve of hidden layer unit previous moment and return to the input of hidden layer.
The non-linear state space expression formula of this Elman neural network is:
Wherein, g(*) be the transport function of output neuron, be the linear combination that hidden layer exports; F(*) be the transport function of hidden layer neuron, often adopt S function.
Embodiment two
With reference to Fig. 1-4, the second embodiment of the present invention:
The main implementation step of photovoltaic generating system power forecasting method of the present invention is as follows:
Step 1, obtains in relevant regional photovoltaic power generation equipment generated output historical data, comprises generated output W per hour and effective generating dutation section f, thus obtains effective generating dutation section of prediction generated output;
Step 2, obtains corresponding weather history parameter information, includes but not limited to temperature T, air pressure P, wind direction WD, wind speed WS, cloud amount C, rainfall R, sunshine-duration t and weather pattern P;
Step 3, the generated output historical data that statistics obtains and weather history parameter information, using actual power power on the one output data as neural network, using this day the last week generated output W per hour in time period effective time f and the weather parameters data of prediction day as input data;
Step 4, netinit, determine u dimension input node unit vector x according to input and output sequence (X, Y), n ties up hidden layer node unit vector l, n ties up feedback states vector c, m ties up output node vector y, and wherein, node in hidden layer n determines optimum hidden layer neuron number according to the way increasing exploration gradually, until stop when network performance reaches threshold value or the optimum of setting, thus set up the neural metwork training model based on Elman;
Step 5, minimax method is used to be normalized generated output historical data and weather parameters historical information, recycle it to train (comprising the process that error calculation, right value update and threshold values upgrade) neural network, the predicated error of network is controlled in 5% ~ 10%;
Step 6, can utilize neural network to carry out the generated power forecasting of prediction day after having trained, thus obtains the result of prediction.
Compared with prior art, the present invention is by a kind of photovoltaic generating system power forecasting method based on Elman neural network, set up photovoltaic generating system neural network power prediction model, any Nonlinear Mapping can be approached with arbitrary precision, do not consider the impact of external noise on system, make system have higher precision, and there is the ability adapting to time-varying characteristics, the characteristic of the direct dynamic reflection dynamic process system of energy.
More than that better enforcement of the present invention is illustrated, but the invention is not limited to described embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art also can make all equivalent variations or replacement under the prerequisite without prejudice to spirit of the present invention, and these equivalent distortion or replacement are all included in the application's claim limited range.
Claims (7)
1., based on a photovoltaic generating system power forecasting method for elman neural network, it is characterized in that: comprising:
A, obtain at the generated output historical data of relevant regional photovoltaic power generation equipment and corresponding weather history parameter information;
B, determine the input and output data of neural network, and determine optimum hidden layer neuron number, thus the neural network set up based on elman, the described neural network based on elman comprises input layer, hidden layer, undertaking layer and output layer, and described undertaking layer is for remembering the output valve of hidden layer previous moment and this output valve being returned to the input of hidden layer;
C, generated output historical data and weather history parameter information to be normalized, then according to the data after normalized, the neural network set up is trained, thus the predicated error of the neural network based on elman is controlled in the scope preset;
D, using the generated output historical data predicting day the last week and prediction day weather parameters data as input, adopt training after neural network to prediction day generated output predict.
2. a kind of photovoltaic generating system power forecasting method based on elman neural network according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described default scope is 5%-10%.
3. a kind of photovoltaic generating system power forecasting method based on elman neural network according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described generated output historical data comprises generated output per hour and effective generating dutation section, and described weather history parameter information comprises temperature, air pressure, wind direction, wind speed, cloud amount, rainfall, sunshine-duration and weather pattern.
4. a kind of photovoltaic generating system power forecasting method based on elman neural network according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described step B, it comprises:
The generated output historical data that B1, statistics obtain and weather history parameter information, using the actual power power of one day as the output data of neural network, using this day the last week generated output W per hour in effective time section f and the weather parameters data of this day as the input data of neural network;
B2, initialization is carried out to elman neural network, input node unit vector, hidden layer node unit vector, feedback states vector sum output node vector is determined according to input and output sequence, thus the neural metwork training model set up based on elman, wherein, the nodes of hidden layer draws by increasing progressively method of trial and error gradually.
5. a kind of photovoltaic generating system power forecasting method based on elman neural network according to claim 4, is characterized in that: the non-linear state space expression formula of described elman neural network is:
,
Wherein,
yfor m ties up output node vector;
lfor
ndimension hidden layer node unit vector;
xfor u ties up input vector;
cfor n ties up feedback states vector; w
3for hidden layer connects weights to output layer; w
2for input layer connects weights to hidden layer; w
1for accepting the connection weights of layer to hidden layer;
g(*) be the transport function of output neuron;
f(*) be the transport function of hidden layer neuron.
6. a kind of photovoltaic generating system power forecasting method based on elman neural network according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described step C, it comprises:
C1, employing minimax method are normalized generated output historical data and weather history parameter information, and the formula of described normalized is:
,
Wherein,
x maxfor the maximum number in data sequence,
x minfor the minimum number in data sequence;
C2, according to the data after normalized, error calculation, right value update and threshold values are carried out to the neural network set up and upgrade, thus the predicated error of the neural network based on elman to be controlled in the scope of 5%-10%.
7. a kind of photovoltaic generating system power forecasting method based on elman neural network according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: described elman neural network adopts BP algorithm to carry out modified weight renewal, and adopt sum of squared errors function to carry out target function study, described target function
e (w)the formula of study is:
,
Wherein,
for target input vector.
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