CN112115599A - Method for calculating hole spacing of weakened top plate of intensive drilling - Google Patents

Method for calculating hole spacing of weakened top plate of intensive drilling Download PDF

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CN112115599A
CN112115599A CN202010945806.3A CN202010945806A CN112115599A CN 112115599 A CN112115599 A CN 112115599A CN 202010945806 A CN202010945806 A CN 202010945806A CN 112115599 A CN112115599 A CN 112115599A
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rock mass
hole
mass around
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mpa
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CN112115599B (en
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于斌
刘梓昌
苏铭
姚强岭
贾渊
夏泽
白一宁
马军强
左超红
李耀晖
张冠宇
孙浩
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
Datong Coal Mine Group Co Ltd
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Datong Coal Mine Group Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for calculating the hole spacing of a densely drilled weakened roof plate, which comprises the following steps of firstly deducing a theoretical calculation formula of the development radius of a plastic zone around a single drilled hole according to the boundary of the plastic zone of a rock mass around the drilled hole; the influence of actual engineering on the development of the plastic zone is considered in a plastic zone development calculation formula, and the mechanical property of rock mass in-situ rock around the drill hole is obtained; meanwhile, grading the surrounding rock crushing degree around the drill hole to determine an amplification factor, and further calculating to obtain the plastic zone development radius of the intensive drill hole; finally, the spacing between the holes of the densely drilled and weakened top plate can be determined. The reasonable space between the intensive drilling holes can lead the pressure relief areas of the drilling holes to be mutually overlapped and communicated, thereby forming the weakening zone of the artificial rock mass structure. The invention can effectively control the hole spacing of the intensive drilling holes while ensuring the effect of weakening the top plate, greatly lightens the workload of construction operation and further improves the safety coefficient and the production efficiency of a mine.

Description

Method for calculating hole spacing of weakened top plate of intensive drilling
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mine roof rock stratum control, and particularly relates to a method for calculating the hole spacing of a densely drilled weakened roof.
Background
The weakened top plate reduces the exposed area of the top plate by changing the physical and mechanical properties of the rock mass of the top plate, prevents or weakens the incoming pressure of the large-area top plate, achieves safe and efficient production of a working surface, and is an important means for fully mechanized mining of mines.
The current common methods for weakening the roof mainly include energy-gathering blasting and hydraulic fracturing. But the cumulative blasting is difficult to ensure the cutting rate and the blasting crack direction among the blasting holes, has the problems of low blasting controllability, serious disturbance influence on surrounding rocks of the roadway and the like, and is not suitable for high-gas mines. Although hydraulic fracturing has small disturbance to surrounding rocks of a roadway and strong applicability, the fracture angle, the fracture height and the fracture penetration rate are limited, the field operation is complex, and the learning cost is high. The scholars for solving the problems provide a dense drilling weakening roof topping pressure relief technology which can effectively make up for part of defects of the method and can effectively solve the problem of overlarge rock burst during small coal pillar mining in the process of gob-side entry retaining in coal mine deep mining; and the roof can be cut off and pressure relief in time aiming at the conditions that the hard roof of the goaf cannot be collapsed in time and the elastic potential energy in the roof is accumulated in a large amount. However, the method has no scientific calculation method for specific parameters of hole spacing in intensive drilling construction at present. The distance between the drill holes is used as a key parameter of the technology, and if the selected hole distance is too large, the requirement of weakening the top plate cannot be met, and the pressure relief effect cannot be achieved; if the selected hole spacing is too small, although the roof weakening pressure relief effect can be achieved, the labor cost is greatly increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the problems, the invention provides a method for calculating the hole spacing of the weakened roof plate of the intensive drilling, which can be used for calculating the hole-drilling construction spacing according to different surrounding rock conditions and meeting the actual engineering requirements.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to realize the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a dense drilling weakened roof hole pitch calculation method comprises the following steps:
s1, setting the radial stress action of the whole drill hole to be consistent according to the stress condition of the surrounding rock of the drill hole, and establishing a two-dimensional polar coordinate system by taking the center of the drill hole as the center of a circle with reference to FIG. 6;
s2, according to the elasticity mechanics, the formula of the stress component of the rock mass around the drilled hole under the polar coordinate is as follows:
Figure BDA0002675240670000011
in the formula, rho is a polar coordinate value of any point of a rock body around a drill hole; a is the radius of the drill hole, mm; p is the horizontal ground stress of the position where the drill hole is located, and is MPa; sigmaρThe radial stress at any point of the rock mass around the drill hole is MPa; sigmaθThe circumferential stress at any point of the rock mass around the drill hole is MPa; tau isρThe radial shear stress at any point of the rock mass around the drill hole is MPa; tau isθThe circumferential shear stress at any point of the rock mass around the drilled hole is MPa;
s3, according to the balance condition and the Moire intensity condition, based on the parameter sigma of the step S2ρ、σθAnd τρAnd obtaining an extreme stress formula of a plane state of any point in the rock mass around the drilled hole, wherein the extreme stress formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002675240670000021
in the formula, σ1The maximum main stress in a plane at any point of a rock mass around a drilled hole is MPa; sigma2The minimum principal stress in a plane at any point of a rock mass around a drilled hole is MPa; sigmaρThe radial stress at any point of the rock mass around the drill hole is MPa; sigmaθThe circumferential stress at any point of the rock mass around the drill hole is MPa; tau isρThe radial shear stress at any point of the rock mass around the drill hole is MPa;
further, listing the shear stress value tau of the rock mass around the drill hole on the planenAnd the normal stress sigma applied to the rock mass around the borehole in the planenThe common solving formula of (1) is:
Figure BDA0002675240670000022
in the formula, τnThe shear stress value of the rock mass around the drilled hole on the plane is MPa; sigmanThe normal stress of the rock mass around the drill hole on the plane is MPa; sigma1The maximum main stress in a plane at any point of a rock mass around a drilled hole is MPa; sigma2The minimum principal stress in a plane at any point of a rock mass around a drilled hole is MPa;
simultaneously according to the Mohr-Coulomb yield condition, i.e. the shear stress tau on a certain plane of the rock massnWhen the limit value is reached, the rock mass yields; the limit value, the cohesive force C after the damage of the rock mass around the drill hole and the internal friction angle of the rock mass around the drill hole
Figure BDA0002675240670000026
And the rock mass around the drilled hole is subjected to a positive stress sigma on the planenIn this regard, the formula is:
Figure BDA0002675240670000023
in the formula, τnThe shear stress value of the rock mass around the drilled hole on the plane is MPa; c is the cohesion of the damaged rock mass around the drill hole, and is MPa; sigmanThe normal stress of the rock mass around the drill hole on the plane is MPa;
Figure BDA0002675240670000024
the internal friction angle and degree of the rock mass around the drilled hole;
further, the formula (2), the formula (3) and the formula (4) are combined to obtain the yield condition formula of any point of the rock mass around the drilled hole:
Figure BDA0002675240670000025
in the formula, σρThe radial stress at any point of the rock mass around the drill hole is MPa; sigmaθThe circumferential stress at any point of the rock mass around the drill hole is MPa; tau isρThe radial shear stress at any point of the rock mass around the drill hole is MPa; c is the cohesion of the damaged rock mass around the drill hole, and is MPa;
Figure BDA0002675240670000031
is the internal friction angle of the rock mass around the drilled hole.
S4, according to the stress distribution rule and the elastic theory of the rock mass around the drill hole, obtaining the development radius of the plastic zone of the drill hole when the stress state of the rock mass around the drill hole meets the yield condition, namely, the formula (1) in the step S2 and the formula (5) in the step S3 are combined to obtain the calculation formula of the development radius of the plastic zone of the rock mass around the drill hole:
Figure BDA0002675240670000032
in the formula: r is a polar coordinate value of any point on the boundary line of the elastoplasticity zone of the rock mass around the drill hole; rho is the boreholePolar coordinate values of any point of the surrounding rock mass; a is the radius of the drill hole, mm; c is the cohesion of the damaged rock mass around the drill hole, and is MPa;
Figure BDA0002675240670000033
the internal friction angle and degree of the rock mass around the drilled hole; p is the horizontal ground stress of the position where the drill hole is located, and is MPa;
s5, based on the development radius of the plastic zone of the drill hole in the step S4, the calculation formula for obtaining the spacing between the densely drilled and weakened top plate holes is as follows:
L=2Ru (7)
in the formula, L is the interval between the densely drilled and weakened top plate holes, and is mm; r is a polar coordinate value of any point on the boundary line of the elastoplasticity zone of the rock mass around the drill hole; u is the amplification coefficient of the boundary radius of the drill hole, and can be 1.2-1.6 according to different geological conditions;
has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention provides a method for calculating the spacing between the holes of a densely drilled weakened roof plate, which is characterized in that the development condition of a plastic zone of a single hole is calculated based on an elastic-brittle-plastic model and Mocoulomb criterion of a rock, multiple influence factors are comprehensively considered, and a proper hole spacing is calculated, so that the plastic zones of densely drilled rock masses can be mutually overlapped and communicated to form an artificial rock mass structure weakened zone, and the problem of overlarge rock burst during mining in the process of coal mine deep mining is scientifically and effectively solved; and can be used for solving the problems of strong mine pressure such as forced caving of top coal and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a drill hole layout for a densely drilled weakened roof topping pressure relief process;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line I-I of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a borehole imager;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of an in situ rock borehole shear tool;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a hydraulic fracturing in-situ ground stress test system;
FIG. 6 is a elastoplastic zone development of a single drilled hole of surrounding rock;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a densely drilled weakened top plate constituting an artificial weakened zone;
in the figure, 1-upper section roadway; 2-upper section working face; 3-a goaf; 4-lower section working face; 5-roof cutting, pressure relief and dense drilling of the roadway; 6-immediate ejection; and 7, forcibly setting the top and densely drilling.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The described embodiments are a subset of the embodiments of the invention and are not all embodiments of the invention. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention.
The invention relates to a method for calculating the hole spacing of a densely drilled weakened top plate, which is an important parameter calculation method for densely drilled top plate weakening. The technology of weakening the top plate by the dense drilling holes can be applied to hard top plate roof cutting pressure relief, forced top coal caving and the like, an artificial weakening zone is formed by the dense drilling holes, and the top plate can be cut or the top coal begins to collapse along the weakening zone under the influence of the self weight of a rock body or unbalanced high stress of mining. The hole spacing for densely drilled holes is calculated as follows, taking the geological conditions of a mine as an example:
s1, referring to the arrangement mode of the stope face in the figures 1 and 2, in order to enable the immediate roof 6 of the stope face to collapse in time and reduce the maintenance difficulty of a tight roadway, arranging roadway roof cutting and pressure relief intensive drill holes 5 in the roadway of the working face of the upper section along the roof on one side of the coal pillar, wherein the radius of the intensive drill holes is 30mm, and the roadway roof cutting and pressure relief intensive drill holes 5 are perpendicular to the immediate roof 6 of the roadway along the extending direction of the roadway; if the working face is required to be subjected to forced caving, forced caving dense drill holes 7 can be distributed at the position, close to the coal wall, of the stope face.
S2, accurately measuring rock mechanical parameters of the related roof surrounding rock under the influence of mining disturbance, and arranging in-situ test holes within 5-10m of the advanced open-off cut; referring to fig. 4, the rock around the top plate surrounding rock drill hole is actually measured by the underground in-situ test system under the influence of the mining of the working face after the roadway is excavatedThe cohesive force C after the body damage is 1.1MPa, and the internal friction angle of the rock mass around the drill hole
Figure BDA0002675240670000041
Is 30 degrees; referring to fig. 5, the in-situ crustal stress test system of hydraulic fracturing is adopted to obtain the crustal stress of the surrounding rock of the mine roof slab to be 14 MPa; referring to fig. 3, the development degree of the surrounding rock fractures within a certain time after single drilling is analyzed through a drilling peeping instrument, referring to fig. 7, the group effect of the dense drilling is considered, and an amplification factor u is selected and taken as 1.5 according to the development condition of the surrounding rock fractures and the mutual coupling action of the dense drilling.
S3, referring to FIG. 6, setting the radial stress action of the whole drill hole to be consistent according to the stress condition of the surrounding rock of the drill hole, and establishing a two-dimensional polar coordinate system by taking the center of the drill hole as the center of a circle; the formula of the stress component in the rock mass around the drilled hole under the polar coordinate is obtained according to the elasticity mechanics as follows:
Figure BDA0002675240670000042
in the formula, rho is a polar coordinate value of any point of a rock body around a drill hole; a is the radius of the drill hole, mm; p is the horizontal ground stress of the position where the drill hole is located, and is MPa; sigmaρThe radial stress at any point of the rock mass around the drill hole is MPa; sigmaθThe circumferential stress at any point of the rock mass around the drill hole is MPa; tau isρThe radial shear stress at any point of the rock mass around the drill hole is MPa; tau isθThe circumferential shear stress at any point of the rock mass around the drilled hole is MPa;
s4, according to the balance condition and the Moire intensity condition, based on the parameter sigma of the step S3ρ、σθAnd τρAnd obtaining an extreme stress formula of a plane state of any point in the rock mass around the drilled hole, wherein the extreme stress formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002675240670000051
in the formula, σ1Is the most in the plane of any point of the rock mass around the drilled holeLarge principal stress, MPa; sigma2The minimum principal stress in a plane at any point of a rock mass around a drilled hole is MPa; sigmaρThe radial stress at any point of the rock mass around the drill hole is MPa; sigmaθThe circumferential stress at any point of the rock mass around the drill hole is MPa; tau isρThe radial shear stress at any point of the rock mass around the drill hole is MPa;
further, listing the shear stress value tau of the rock mass around the drill hole on the planenAnd the normal stress sigma applied to the rock mass around the borehole in the planenThe common solving formula of (1) is:
Figure BDA0002675240670000052
in the formula, τnThe shear stress value of the rock mass around the drilled hole on the plane is MPa; sigmanThe normal stress of the rock mass around the drill hole on the plane is MPa; sigma1The maximum main stress in a plane at any point of a rock mass around a drilled hole is MPa; sigma2The minimum principal stress in a plane at any point of a rock mass around a drilled hole is MPa;
meanwhile, according to the Mohr-Coulomb yield condition, namely when the shear stress on a certain plane of the rock mass reaches a limit value, the rock mass yields; the extreme value, the cohesive force C after the damage of the rock mass around the drill hole and the internal friction angle of the rock mass around the drill hole
Figure BDA0002675240670000056
And the rock mass around the drilled hole is subjected to a positive stress sigma on the planenIn this regard, the formula is:
Figure BDA0002675240670000053
in the formula, τnThe shear stress value of the rock mass around the drilled hole on the plane is MPa; c, the cohesion of the damaged rock mass around the drilled hole is MPa; sigmanThe normal stress of the rock mass around the drill hole on the plane is MPa;
Figure BDA0002675240670000054
the internal friction angle and degree of the rock mass around the drilled hole;
further, the formula (2), the formula (3) and the formula (4) are combined to obtain the yield condition formula of any point of the rock mass around the drilled hole:
Figure BDA0002675240670000055
in the formula, σρThe radial stress at any point of the rock mass around the drill hole is MPa; sigmaθThe circumferential stress at any point of the rock mass around the drill hole is MPa; tau isρThe radial shear stress at any point of the rock mass around the drill hole is MPa; c, the cohesion of the damaged rock mass around the drilled hole is MPa;
Figure BDA0002675240670000061
is the internal friction angle of the rock mass around the drilled hole.
S5, according to the stress distribution rule and the elastic theory of the rock mass around the drill hole, obtaining the development radius of the plastic zone of the drill hole when the stress state of the rock mass around the drill hole meets the yield condition, namely, the formula (1) in the step S3 and the formula (5) in the step S4 are combined to obtain the calculation formula of the development radius of the plastic zone of the rock mass around the drill hole:
Figure BDA0002675240670000062
in the formula: r is a polar coordinate value of any point on the boundary line of the elastoplasticity zone of the rock mass around the drill hole; rho is the polar coordinate value of any point of the rock mass around the drill hole; a is the radius of the drill hole, mm; c, the cohesion of the damaged rock mass around the drilled hole is MPa;
Figure BDA0002675240670000063
the internal friction angle and degree of the rock mass around the drilled hole; p is the horizontal ground stress of the position where the drill hole is located, and is MPa;
s6, based on the development radius of the plastic zone of the drill hole in the step S5, the calculation formula for obtaining the spacing between the densely drilled and weakened top plate holes is as follows:
L=2Ru (7)
in the formula, L is the interval between the densely drilled and weakened top plate holes, and is mm; r is a polar coordinate value of any point on the boundary line of the elastoplasticity zone of the rock mass around the drill hole; u is the amplification coefficient of the boundary radius of the drill hole, and the value of the formula u is 1.5;
and calculating to obtain the spacing L of the weakened roof plate of the dense drilling hole as 119mm based on the parameter R in the step S5 and the parameter u in the step S6, wherein 110-130mm is selected as the spacing of the dense drilling hole in consideration of tolerance due to certain errors in engineering construction.

Claims (5)

1. A method for calculating the hole spacing of a densely drilled weakened top plate is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: setting the radial stress action of the whole drill hole to be consistent according to the stress condition of the surrounding rock of the drill hole, and establishing a two-dimensional polar coordinate system by taking the center of the drill hole as the center of a circle;
s2: according to the elastic mechanics, obtaining a formula of the stress component of the rock mass around the drilled hole under the polar coordinate;
s3: obtaining an extreme stress formula of a plane state of any point of the rock mass around the drilling hole according to the balance condition and the Moire strength condition, and calculating to obtain a yield condition formula of any point of the rock mass around the drilling hole by combining the original rock stress of the rock mass around the drilling hole when the rock mass around the drilling hole meets the Moire-coulomb yield condition;
s4: according to the elastic theory, calculating the stress state of the rock mass around the drill hole when the yield condition is met to obtain a calculation formula of the development radius of the plastic zone;
s5: and calculating to obtain the numerical value of the spacing between the densely drilled and weakened top plate holes based on the development radius of the plastic zone in the step S4.
2. The method for calculating the hole spacing of the densely drilled and weakened top plate according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: step S2 is to drill the surrounding rock mass under the coordinate system with the following formula:
Figure FDA0002675240660000011
in the formula, rho is a polar coordinate value of any point of a rock body around a drill hole; a is the radius of the drill hole, mm; p is the horizontal ground stress of the position where the drill hole is located, and is MPa; sigmaρThe radial stress at any point of the rock mass around the drill hole is MPa; sigmaθThe circumferential stress at any point of the rock mass around the drill hole is MPa; tau isρThe radial shear stress at any point of the rock mass around the drill hole is MPa; tau isθThe circumferential shear stress at any point of the rock mass around the drill hole is MPa.
3. The method for calculating the hole spacing of the densely drilled and weakened top plate according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the specific operation steps of step S3 are as follows:
s3.1: according to the balance condition and the Moire strength condition, the extreme stress formula of the plane state of any point in the rock mass around the drilled hole is obtained as follows:
Figure FDA0002675240660000012
in the formula, σ1The maximum main stress in a plane at any point of a rock mass around a drilled hole is MPa; sigma2The minimum principal stress in a plane at any point of a rock mass around a drilled hole is MPa; sigmaρThe radial stress at any point of the rock mass around the drill hole is MPa; sigmaθThe circumferential stress at any point of the rock mass around the drill hole is MPa; tau isρThe radial shear stress at any point of the rock mass around the drill hole is MPa;
s3.2: according to the Mohr-Coulomb yield condition, namely when the shear stress of the rock mass on a certain plane reaches a limit value, the rock mass yields; obtaining the cohesive force C of the extreme value after the damage of the rock mass around the drill hole and the internal friction angle of the rock mass around the drill hole
Figure FDA0002675240660000021
And the rock mass around the drilled hole is subjected to a positive stress sigma on the planenThe formula of (1) is:
Figure FDA0002675240660000022
in the formula, τnThe value of the shear stress borne by the rock mass on the plane is MPa; c is the cohesion of the damaged rock mass around the drill hole, and is MPa; sigmanThe normal stress of the rock mass around the drill hole on the plane is MPa;
Figure FDA0002675240660000023
the internal friction angle and degree of the rock mass around the drilled hole;
s3.3: calculating the shear stress value tau of the rock mass on the plane according to the main stress in the plane at any point of the rock mass around the drilled holenAnd the normal stress sigma applied to the rock mass around the borehole in the planenThe formula of (1) is:
Figure FDA0002675240660000024
in the formula, τnThe value of the shear stress borne by the rock mass on the plane is MPa; sigmanThe normal stress of the rock mass around the drill hole on the plane is MPa; sigma1The maximum main stress in a plane at any point of a rock mass around a drilled hole is MPa; sigma2The minimum principal stress in a plane at any point of a rock mass around a drilled hole is MPa;
s3.4: based on the formulas in the steps S3.1, S3.2 and S3.3, the yield condition formula of any point of the rock mass around the drilled hole is obtained in a simultaneous manner and is as follows:
Figure FDA0002675240660000025
in the formula, σρThe diameter of any point of rock mass around the drill holeNormal stress, MPa; sigmaθThe circumferential stress at any point of the rock mass around the drill hole is MPa; tau isρThe radial shear stress at any point of the rock mass around the drill hole is MPa; c is the cohesion of the damaged rock mass around the drill hole, and is MPa;
Figure FDA0002675240660000026
is the internal friction angle of the rock mass around the drilled hole.
4. The method for calculating the hole spacing of the densely drilled and weakened top plate according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the development radius of the plastic zone in the step S4 is obtained by the formula in the steps S2 and S3.4, and the formula of the development radius of the plastic zone is calculated as follows:
Figure FDA0002675240660000027
in the formula: r is a polar coordinate value of any point on the boundary line of the elastoplasticity zone of the rock mass around the drill hole; rho is the polar coordinate value of any point of the rock mass around the drill hole; a is the radius of the drill hole, mm; c is the cohesion of the damaged rock mass around the drill hole, and is MPa;
Figure FDA0002675240660000031
the internal friction angle and degree of the rock mass around the drilled hole; p is the horizontal ground stress of the position where the drill hole is located, MPa.
5. The method for calculating the hole spacing of the densely drilled and weakened top plate according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the calculation formula of the hole spacing of the densely drilled and weakened top plate in the step S5 is as follows:
L=2Ru
in the formula, L is the interval between the densely drilled and weakened top plate holes, and is mm; r is a polar coordinate value of any point on the boundary line of the elastoplasticity zone of the rock mass around the drill hole; u is the borehole interface radius enlargement factor.
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