CN112115533B - Two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer thermal calculation method and system for heterogeneous building envelope - Google Patents
Two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer thermal calculation method and system for heterogeneous building envelope Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application discloses a two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer thermal calculation method and a system for a non-homogeneous building enclosure, wherein the method comprises the following steps: simplifying the model of the non-homogeneous enclosure structure; setting materials of the model with the simplified heterogeneous enclosure structure; setting boundary conditions of the model after simplifying the heterogeneous enclosure structure; acquiring a heat transfer coefficient of the simplified model based on the simplified model, the material setting and the boundary condition setting; and calculating the overall average heat transfer coefficient of the non-homogeneous envelope based on the heat transfer coefficient of the simplified model. The system comprises: the device comprises a simplification module, a material setting module, a boundary condition setting module, an acquisition module and a calculation module. Aiming at the characteristics of the non-homogeneous building enclosure, the method provides that the existing model is simplified and matched with related calculation to obtain the overall average heat transfer coefficient of the non-homogeneous building enclosure, and is suitable for practical engineering application.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of building thermal engineering, and particularly relates to a two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer thermal engineering calculation method and system for a non-homogeneous building envelope.
Background
The existing national standard of civil building thermal design standard GB 50176-2016 lists the basic parameters and basic method of the thermal calculation of the building enclosure, but is only applicable to the building enclosure with simple structure. Because the arrangement of internal steel bars of the building enclosure wall structure actually participating in calculation is complex, non-homogeneous structures exist in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the thermal calculation of the complex arrangement of the internal steel bars cannot be realized through manual solving, if the numerical calculation is performed by adopting comprehensive modeling, huge calculation units are required to be called, and the engineering application is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or shortcomings of the prior art, the application aims to provide a two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer thermal calculation method and system for a non-homogeneous building enclosure.
In order to solve the technical problems, the application is realized by the following technical scheme:
the application provides a two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer thermal calculation method of a non-homogeneous building enclosure, which comprises the following steps:
simplifying the model of the non-homogeneous enclosure structure;
setting materials of the model with the simplified non-homogeneous enclosure structure;
setting boundary conditions of the model after simplifying the heterogeneous enclosure structure;
acquiring a heat transfer coefficient of the simplified model based on the simplified model, the material setting and the boundary condition setting;
and calculating the overall average heat transfer coefficient of the non-homogeneous building envelope based on the heat transfer coefficient of the simplified model.
Further, the two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer thermal calculation method of the non-homogeneous building enclosure structure, wherein the calculation method further comprises the following steps: and performing condensation checking calculation on the heterogeneous enclosure structure.
Further, the two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer thermal calculation method for the non-homogeneous building enclosure, wherein the simplifying the model of the non-homogeneous building enclosure comprises the following steps: and simplifying the three-dimensional model with the non-homogeneous structure in the vertical direction into a two-dimensional model.
Further, the two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer thermal calculation method for the non-homogeneous enclosure structure, wherein the three-dimensional model with the non-homogeneous structure in the vertical direction is simplified into a two-dimensional model, comprises the following steps:
simplifying a model of a wall body in the non-homogeneous enclosure structure, which is transversely penetrated by the steel bar, into a mode that the steel bar is vertically paved with the vertical face of the outer wall, wherein the vertical face direction of the three-dimensional model is simplified into a mode that a two-dimensional plane is a steel bar linear transverse penetrating wall body and a two-dimensional plane is a steel bar linear transverse non-penetrating wall body;
based on the two-dimensional plane, the steel bar linearly and transversely penetrates through the wall body, and a steel bar linearly and transversely penetrates through a wall body unit model is selected;
based on the two-dimensional plane, the unit model of the wall body which is not penetrated by the steel bar in the linear and transverse directions is selected.
Further, the two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer thermal calculation method for the non-homogeneous enclosure structure, wherein the selected steel bar linearly and transversely passes through the wall unit model, comprises the following steps: selecting the least unfavorable two-dimensional cross section for calculation, wherein the cross section of the steel bar is simplified into a rectangle, the width of the rectangle is the diameter of the steel bar, and the length is the projection length of the steel bar on the cross section; the boundary surface parallel to the heat flow direction selects the first calculation unit according to the symmetry principle.
Further, the two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer thermal calculation method for the non-homogeneous enclosure structure, wherein the selected reinforcement bar linear transverse non-crossing wall unit model comprises the following steps: the boundary surface parallel to the heat flow direction selects the second calculation unit according to the principle of symmetry.
Further, the two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer thermal calculation method for the non-homogeneous building enclosure, wherein the simplifying the model of the non-homogeneous building enclosure comprises the following steps: the heat preservation cores Kong Jianhua with irregular shapes filled in the wall bodies are processed in a rectangular mode.
Further, in the two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer thermodynamic calculation method of the non-homogeneous building enclosure, after the simplification processing of the model of the non-homogeneous building enclosure is completed, the simplified model is subjected to grid division.
Further, the two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer thermal calculation method for the non-homogeneous building enclosure, wherein the material setting of the model after the simplification of the non-homogeneous building enclosure comprises the following steps:
a reinforced concrete mixing area in the direction parallel to the heat flow of the concrete in the wall is used as a homogeneous structure, and the heat transfer coefficient of the reinforced concrete mixing area material is processed according to the reinforced concrete material;
the heat transfer coefficient of the steel bar transversely penetrating through the wall body is valued according to the steel bar material;
the heat transfer coefficient of the heat insulation material is valued according to the type of the heat insulation material and multiplied by the corresponding correction coefficient;
the heat transfer coefficient of the common building material is taken according to the specification of the current national standard 'civil building thermal design Standard' GB 50176.
Further, the two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer thermodynamic calculation method of the non-homogeneous building enclosure, wherein the boundary condition setting of the model after the simplification of the non-homogeneous building enclosure comprises:
the contact wall surface of the heterogeneous enclosure structure and the outdoor air is set as a third type of boundary condition, namely an external boundary condition, wherein the outdoor temperature and the external surface heat exchange coefficient take values according to the specification of the current national standard 'civil building thermal design Specification' GB 50176;
the contact wall surface of the heterogeneous enclosure structure and the indoor air is set as a third type of boundary condition, namely an internal boundary condition, wherein the indoor temperature and the internal surface heat exchange coefficient take values according to the specification of the current national standard 'civil building thermal engineering design Specification' GB 50176.
Further, the two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer thermal calculation method of the non-homogeneous building enclosure, wherein the boundary condition setting of the model after the simplification of the non-homogeneous building enclosure further comprises:
the boundary surfaces of the linear transverse crossing wall unit model/the linear transverse non-crossing wall unit model are symmetrical wall surfaces, and the boundary surfaces are set as the second type boundary conditions, wherein the heat flow density is zero.
The setting of the boundary condition of the model after the non-homogeneous enclosing structure is simplified further comprises: when the temperature t is calculated outdoors in winter e Below 0.9And when the temperature is lower than the DEG C, the condensation checking calculation is carried out on the inner surface of the heterogeneous enclosure structure, and when the condensation checking calculation is carried out, the indoor air relative humidity is 60 percent.
Further, the method for calculating the two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer thermal of the non-homogeneous enclosure structure, wherein the obtaining the heat transfer coefficient of the simplified model comprises the following steps: calculating the heat transfer coefficient of the simplified model by software, wherein the number of software iteration steps and a convergence residual are also set to be less than or equal to 10 -6 。
Further, the method for calculating the two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer thermal engineering of the non-homogeneous building enclosure, wherein the calculating the overall average heat transfer coefficient of the non-homogeneous building enclosure comprises: and carrying out weighted average on the vertical direction to obtain the average heat transfer coefficient of the whole non-homogeneous enclosure structure.
Further, in the two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer thermodynamic calculation method of the non-homogeneous building enclosure, the average heat transfer coefficient of the whole non-homogeneous building enclosure obtained by performing weighted average in the vertical direction includes the following calculation formula:
K＝K 1 ·η 1 +K 2 ·η 2
wherein, K: the average heat transfer coefficient of the whole heterogeneous enclosure;
K 1 : the steel bar linearly and transversely penetrates through the heat transfer coefficient of the wall body in the non-homogeneous enclosure structure;
η 1 : the longitudinal height ratio of the steel bar in the wall body in the non-homogeneous enclosure structure in a linear and transverse crossing manner;
K 2 : the steel bar linearly and transversely does not penetrate through the heat transfer coefficient of the wall body in the non-homogeneous enclosure structure;
η 2 : the steel bar does not traverse the longitudinal height ratio of the wall body in the non-homogeneous enclosure structure in the linear and transverse directions.
The application also provides a two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer thermodynamic calculation system of the heterogeneous enclosure, which comprises:
a simplification module for simplifying the model of the non-homogeneous envelope;
a material setting module for setting the material of the model after the simplified treatment of the simplified module;
the boundary condition setting module is used for setting boundary conditions for the model simplified by the simplifying module;
an acquisition module for acquiring a heat transfer coefficient of the simplified model based on the simplification module, the material setting module, and the boundary condition setting module;
and the calculating module is used for calculating the overall average heat transfer coefficient of the non-homogeneous building enclosure based on the heat transfer coefficient acquired by the acquiring module.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following technical effects:
aiming at the characteristics of the non-homogeneous building enclosure, the application combines the basic principle of thermal calculation of the civil building thermal design standard GB 50176-2016 to provide a two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer software calculation method of the non-homogeneous building enclosure, which is used for solving the defects that the actual building enclosure is complex, manual solution cannot be realized, and the three-dimensional modeling numerical solution needs to call a huge calculation unit and the like, and is more suitable for practical engineering application.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments, made with reference to the following drawings, in which:
fig. 1: the two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer thermodynamic calculation method of the heterogeneous enclosure structure is shown in the flow chart;
fig. 2: a cross-section two-dimensional plan view of the existing heterogeneous enclosure;
fig. 3: a longitudinal section two-dimensional plan view of the existing non-homogeneous enclosure structure;
fig. 4: in the application, the steel bar linearly and transversely passes through the structural schematic diagram of the wall unit model;
fig. 5: in the application, the steel bar linearly and transversely does not penetrate through the structural schematic diagram of the wall unit model.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the present disclosure, are within the scope of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 1, in one embodiment of the present application, a two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer thermal calculation method for a non-homogeneous enclosure is provided, the calculation method includes the following steps:
step one, simplifying a model of the non-homogeneous enclosure structure;
step two, setting materials of the model after the non-homogeneous enclosure structure is simplified;
step three, setting boundary conditions of the model after the non-homogeneous enclosure structure is simplified;
step four, based on the simplified model, the material setting and the boundary condition setting, obtaining the heat transfer coefficient of the simplified model;
and fifthly, calculating the overall average heat transfer coefficient of the non-homogeneous building envelope based on the heat transfer coefficient of the simplified model.
The sequence of the second step and the third step is exchanged, and no limitation of the sequence is required in the actual reference process.
In the embodiment, aiming at the characteristics of the non-homogeneous building enclosure, the method provides that the existing model is simplified and matched with related calculation to obtain the overall average heat transfer coefficient of the non-homogeneous building enclosure, solves the defects that the actual building enclosure is complex, manual solution cannot be realized, and the three-dimensional modeling numerical solution needs to call a huge calculation unit and the like, and is more suitable for practical engineering application.
In this embodiment, the enclosure refers to a building component that separates the interior and the exterior of a building and uses the space inside the building.
Further, the calculation method further includes step six: and performing condensation checking calculation on the heterogeneous enclosure structure.
Specifically, the temperature t is calculated outdoors in the season e And when the temperature is lower than 0.9 ℃, the condensation checking calculation of the inner surface of the enclosure structure is carried out.
The thermal bridge part in the enclosure structure should carry out surface condensation checking calculation, and heat preservation measures should be taken to ensure that the temperature of the inner surface of the thermal bridge is higher than the dew point temperature of the room air. The heat bridge part is a part with obviously increased heat flow intensity in the enclosure structure, and the dew point temperature is the temperature when unsaturated air reaches saturation due to cooling under the conditions of constant atmospheric pressure and constant moisture content.
Wherein, in the first step, the method further comprises: and simplifying the three-dimensional model with the non-homogeneous structure in the vertical direction into a two-dimensional model.
As shown in fig. 2, the model of the reinforcing steel bar 10 traversing the wall 20 transversely is simplified to be a model of the reinforcing steel bar 10 traversing the wall 20 in the non-homogeneous enclosure structure, and the model is laid vertically to the vertical surface of the outer wall, so that the vertical surface of the three-dimensional model is simplified to be a two-dimensional plane which is the reinforcing steel bar 10 traversing the wall 20 linearly and transversely and the two-dimensional plane is the reinforcing steel bar 10 traversing the wall 20 linearly and transversely;
based on the two-dimensional plane, the steel bar 10 linearly and transversely penetrates through the wall body 20, and a steel bar linear and transversely penetrating through wall body unit model is selected;
based on the two-dimensional plane, the linear transverse non-crossing wall body 20 of the reinforcing steel bar 10 is selected, and the linear transverse non-crossing wall body unit model of the reinforcing steel bar is selected.
In the above-mentioned linear transverse cross wall unit model of the selected reinforcing steel bar, the least favorable two-dimensional cross section should be selected for calculation, wherein the cross section of the reinforcing steel bar 10 is simplified into a rectangle, the width of the rectangle is the diameter of the reinforcing steel bar 10, and the length is the projection length of the reinforcing steel bar 10 on the cross section; the boundary surface parallel to the direction of the heat flow is chosen on a symmetrical (or far enough) basis for the first calculation unit, as shown in fig. 4. From the computational fluid dynamics point of view, the symmetrical boundary is a thermally stable boundary and the heat flux density is zero. The left and right side wall surfaces of fig. 4 are symmetrical boundaries.
The least disadvantageous two-dimensional cross-section may be a cross-section through the diameter of the rebar 10, which is most disadvantageous for insulation, typically a cross-section with more rebar 10 and fast heat transfer.
In the above-mentioned fig. 4, the typical units of the wall unit model are simplified in that the reinforcing steel bar linearly and transversely passes through the wall unit model, and a plurality of typical units as shown in fig. 4 may be divided in the above-mentioned two-dimensional cross-section dividing process. Fig. 4 is only an example of one of the typical units.
Further, in the above selected linear transverse non-traversing wall unit model, the method includes: the boundary surface parallel to the direction of the heat flow is chosen as a symmetrical (or far enough) principle for the second calculation unit, see fig. 5. From the computational fluid dynamics point of view, the symmetrical boundary is a thermally stable boundary and the heat flux density is zero. The left and right side wall surfaces of fig. 5 are symmetrical boundaries.
Similarly, fig. 5 is a simplified exemplary unit of the wall unit model that the processed reinforcing steel bar linearly and transversely does not cross, and a plurality of exemplary units shown in fig. 5 may be divided in the dividing process of the two-dimensional cross section. Fig. 5 is only an example of one of the typical units.
In the first step, the following steps: the irregularly-shaped heat preservation core holes 30 filled in the wall body 20 are simplified into rectangular treatment, and the difficulty coefficient of the treatment is reduced by simplifying the treatment.
Wherein, to obtain higher accuracy, the irregular shape may be processed as one diagonal line of a rectangle according to an oblique line corresponding to the maximum linear dimension, and the long or wide boundary of the rectangle may be obtained according to the boundary of the irregular shape, and the simplified rectangle may be obtained based on the diagonal line and the boundary.
Of course, it is also possible to treat the rectangle as one diagonal line according to the diagonal line corresponding to the minimum linear dimension of the irregular shape, obtain the long or wide boundary of the rectangle according to the boundary of the irregular shape, and obtain the rectangle after the simplification treatment based on the diagonal line and the boundary.
Of course, the rectangular shape after the simplification may be obtained based on the diagonal line and the boundary by processing the rectangular shape as one diagonal line according to the diagonal line corresponding to the average linear dimension of the irregular shape or the diagonal line close to the average linear dimension, and obtaining the long or wide boundary of the rectangular shape according to the boundary of the irregular shape.
The simplified process is preferably performed on the premise that the simplified rectangle can substantially entirely cover the original irregular shape.
After the simplification of the model of the non-homogeneous building enclosure is completed, the simplified model is subjected to grid division based on the principle of computational fluid dynamics solution heat transfer.
The second step includes:
1) A reinforced concrete mixing area in the direction parallel to the heat flow in the wall 20 is used as a homogeneous structure, and the heat transfer coefficient of the reinforced concrete mixing area material is processed according to the reinforced concrete material;
2) The heat transfer coefficient of the steel bar 10 transversely penetrating through the wall body 20 is valued according to the steel bar material;
3) The heat transfer coefficient of the heat insulation material is valued according to the type of the heat insulation material and multiplied by the corresponding correction coefficient;
4) The heat transfer coefficient of the common building material is taken according to the specification of the current national standard 'civil building thermal design Standard' GB 50176.
Further, the thermophysical property parameters of the material (including heat transfer coefficients, etc.) may also be employed when they have a reliable source.
Among these, the heat transfer coefficients (thermal conductivity coefficients) of the above-mentioned common building materials can be seen in table 1 below, and the thermal physical properties of a part of the common building materials including thermal conductivity coefficients and the like are listed in table 1.
TABLE 1 calculation parameters of the thermal physical Properties of the commonly used part of the construction materials
The correction coefficients of the heat transfer coefficients of the above-mentioned heat insulating materials are shown in table 2 below.
Table 2 correction coefficient alpha value of thermal conductivity coefficient of common thermal insulation material
Step three, in the setting of the boundary conditions of the model after the non-homogeneous enclosure structure is simplified, the method comprises the following steps:
the contact wall surface of the heterogeneous enclosure structure and the indoor air is set as a third type of boundary condition, namely an internal boundary condition, wherein the indoor temperature and the internal surface heat exchange coefficient take values according to the specification of the current national standard 'civil building thermal design Specification' GB 50176;
the contact wall surface of the heterogeneous enclosure structure and the outdoor air is set as a third type of boundary condition, namely an external boundary condition, wherein the outdoor temperature and the external surface heat exchange coefficient take values according to the specification of the current national standard 'civil building thermal engineering design Specification' GB 50176.
Wherein the outdoor temperature and the inner surface heat exchange coefficient described above can be seen in table 3 below.
TABLE 3 internal surface Heat exchange coefficient alpha i And inner surface heat exchange resistance R i
Wherein h is the rib height and s is the inter-rib clearance in Table 3.
Wherein the outdoor temperature and the external surface heat exchange coefficient described above can be seen in table 4 below.
TABLE 4 external surface Heat exchange coefficient alpha i And heat exchange resistance R of outer surface i
Further, in the third step, the method further includes:
the boundary surfaces of the linear transverse crossing wall unit model/the linear transverse non-crossing wall unit model are symmetrical wall surfaces, and the boundary surfaces are set as the second type boundary conditions, wherein the heat flow density is zero.
Further, in the setting of the boundary condition of the model after the non-homogeneous enclosure structure is simplified, the method further includes: when the temperature t is calculated outdoors in winter e And when the temperature is lower than 0.9 ℃, the condensation checking calculation is carried out on the inner surface of the heterogeneous enclosure structure, and when the condensation checking calculation is carried out, the indoor air relative humidity is 60%.
When condensation checking is performed, the temperature of the inner surface of the heat bridge part of the typical unit model, which is used for ensuring that the steel bar 10 linearly and transversely passes through the wall body 20, is higher than the dew point temperature of indoor air.
The step four of obtaining the heat transfer coefficient of the simplified model includes: the heat transfer coefficient of the simplified model can be obtained by a software calculation method.
The software may be computational fluid dynamics software, finite element numerical simulation software, software provided by civil architecture thermal engineering design Specification, etc., where the software is capable of obtaining the heat transfer coefficient of the typical unit two-dimensional model of the reinforcing steel bar 10 that linearly and transversely passes through the wall 20 and the typical unit two-dimensional model of the reinforcing steel bar 10 that linearly and transversely does not pass through the wall 20 based on the heat transfer coefficient of the material and the setting of boundary conditions, and the embodiment is not limited to the specific selection of the software.
Preferably, in the process of obtaining the heat transfer coefficient described above:
1) The computing software should be verified to ensure the correctness of the computation;
2) The input and output of the software should be convenient for inspection, and the calculation result is clear and visual.
3) And setting proper software iteration steps and convergence residual errors.
Wherein the convergence residual is set to 10 or less -6 Thereby improving the precision and accuracy of the software calculation.
Further, the calculating the overall average heat transfer coefficient of the non-homogeneous envelope includes: and carrying out weighted average on the heat transfer coefficient of the simplified model calculated based on the software in the vertical direction to obtain the average heat transfer coefficient of the whole non-homogeneous enclosure structure.
In this embodiment, since the number of the simplified linear transverse wall unit models of the reinforcement bar may be plural, and similarly, the number of the simplified linear transverse non-transverse wall unit models of the reinforcement bar may be plural, the average heat transfer coefficient of the whole non-homogeneous enclosure structure may be obtained by the weighted average method.
Specifically, the above-mentioned average heat transfer coefficient of the whole non-homogeneous enclosure structure obtained by weighted average in the elevation direction includes the following calculation formula:
K＝K 1 ·η 1 +K 2 ·η 2
wherein, K: the average heat transfer coefficient of the whole heterogeneous enclosure;
K 1 : the heat transfer coefficient of the steel bar 10 linearly and transversely passes through the wall body 20 in the non-homogeneous enclosure structure;
η 1 : the longitudinal height ratio of the steel bar 10 to the wall 20 in the non-homogeneous enclosure structure in a linear and transverse way;
K 2 : the steel bar 10 does not linearly and transversely penetrate through the heat transfer coefficient of the wall body 20 in the non-homogeneous enclosure structure;
η 2 : the rebars 10 are not linearly transverse to the longitudinal height of the wall 20 in the non-homogeneous envelope.
In one embodiment of the present application, a non-homogeneous enclosure two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer thermodynamic computing system is also presented, the computing system comprising:
a simplification module for simplifying the model of the non-homogeneous envelope;
a material setting module for setting the material of the model after the simplified treatment of the simplified module;
the boundary condition setting module is used for setting boundary conditions for the model simplified by the simplifying module;
an acquisition module for acquiring a heat transfer coefficient of the simplified model based on the simplification module, the material setting module, and the boundary condition setting module;
and the calculating module is used for calculating the overall average heat transfer coefficient of the non-homogeneous building enclosure based on the heat transfer coefficient acquired by the acquiring module.
Aiming at the characteristics of the non-homogeneous building enclosure, the embodiment provides that the existing model is simplified through the simplification module and is matched with related calculation to obtain the overall average heat transfer coefficient of the non-homogeneous building enclosure, so that the defects that the actual building enclosure is complex, manual solving cannot be realized, the three-dimensional modeling numerical solving needs to call a huge calculation unit and the like are overcome, and the method is more suitable for practical engineering application.
Specifically, the embodiment can be further provided with a checking module for calculating the temperature t outdoors in the season e When the temperature is lower than 0.9 ℃, the checking module can perform condensation checking on the inner surface of the enclosure structure.
Furthermore, the thermal bridge part in the enclosure structure should carry out surface condensation checking calculation, and heat preservation measures should be taken to ensure that the temperature of the inner surface of the thermal bridge is higher than the dew point temperature of the room air. The heat bridge part is a part with obviously increased heat flow intensity in the enclosure structure, and the dew point temperature is the temperature when unsaturated air reaches saturation due to cooling under the conditions of constant atmospheric pressure and constant moisture content.
The simplification module can simplify a three-dimensional model with a non-homogeneous structure in the vertical direction into a two-dimensional model.
As shown in fig. 2, the model of the reinforcing steel bar 10 traversing the wall 20 transversely is simplified to be a model of the reinforcing steel bar 10 traversing the wall 20 in the non-homogeneous enclosure structure, and the model is laid vertically to the vertical surface of the outer wall, so that the vertical surface of the three-dimensional model is simplified to be a two-dimensional plane which is the reinforcing steel bar 10 traversing the wall 20 linearly and transversely and the two-dimensional plane is the reinforcing steel bar 10 traversing the wall 20 linearly and transversely;
based on the two-dimensional plane, the steel bar 10 linearly and transversely penetrates through the wall body 20, and a steel bar linear and transversely penetrating through wall body unit model is selected;
based on the two-dimensional plane, the linear transverse non-crossing wall body 20 of the reinforcing steel bar 10 is selected, and the linear transverse non-crossing wall body unit model of the reinforcing steel bar is selected.
In the above-mentioned linear transverse cross wall unit model of the selected reinforcing steel bar, the least favorable two-dimensional cross section should be selected for calculation, wherein the cross section of the reinforcing steel bar 10 is simplified into a rectangle, the width of the rectangle is the diameter of the reinforcing steel bar 10, and the length is the projection length of the reinforcing steel bar 10 on the cross section; the boundary surface parallel to the direction of the heat flow is chosen on a symmetrical (or far enough) basis for the first calculation unit, as shown in fig. 4. From the computational fluid dynamics point of view, the symmetrical boundary is a thermally stable boundary and the heat flux density is zero. The left and right side wall surfaces of fig. 4 are symmetrical boundaries.
The least disadvantageous two-dimensional cross-section may be a cross-section through the diameter of the rebar 10, which is most disadvantageous for insulation, typically a cross-section with more rebar 10 and fast heat transfer.
In the above-mentioned fig. 4, the typical units of the wall unit model are simplified in that the reinforcing steel bar linearly and transversely passes through the wall unit model, and a plurality of typical units as shown in fig. 4 may be divided in the above-mentioned two-dimensional cross-section dividing process. Fig. 4 is only an example of one of the typical units.
Further, in the above selected linear transverse non-traversing wall unit model, the method includes: the boundary surface parallel to the direction of the heat flow is chosen as a symmetrical (or far enough) principle for the second calculation unit, see fig. 5. From the computational fluid dynamics point of view, the symmetrical boundary is a thermally stable boundary and the heat flux density is zero. The left and right side wall surfaces of fig. 5 are symmetrical boundaries.
Similarly, fig. 5 is a simplified exemplary unit of the wall unit model that the processed reinforcing steel bar linearly and transversely does not cross, and a plurality of exemplary units shown in fig. 5 may be divided in the dividing process of the two-dimensional cross section. Fig. 5 is only an example of one of the typical units.
The simplified module further comprises a graph simplified module, by means of the arrangement of the graph simplified module, the irregularly-shaped heat preservation core holes 30 filled in the wall body 20 can be simplified into rectangular processing, and by means of the simplified processing, the processing difficulty coefficient is reduced.
In order to obtain higher accuracy, the irregular shape may be processed as one diagonal line of the rectangle according to the diagonal line corresponding to the maximum linear dimension, and the long or wide boundary of the rectangle may be obtained according to the boundary of the irregular shape, and the simplified rectangle may be obtained based on the diagonal line or the boundary.
Of course, it is also possible to treat the rectangle as one diagonal line according to the diagonal line corresponding to the minimum linear dimension of the irregular shape, obtain the long or wide boundary of the rectangle according to the boundary of the irregular shape, and obtain the rectangle after the simplification treatment based on the diagonal line or boundary.
Of course, the rectangular shape after the simplification may be obtained based on the diagonal line and the boundary by processing the rectangular shape as one diagonal line according to the diagonal line corresponding to the average linear dimension of the irregular shape or the diagonal line close to the average linear dimension, and obtaining the long or wide boundary of the rectangular shape according to the boundary of the irregular shape.
The simplified process is preferably performed on the premise that the simplified rectangle can substantially entirely cover the original irregular shape.
In this embodiment, the simplifying module is further configured with a mesh dividing module, and after the simplifying process is completed on the model of the non-homogeneous enclosure structure, the simplified model of the simplifying module is mesh-divided by the mesh dividing module based on the principle of solving heat transfer by computational fluid mechanics.
In the above material setting module, for different materials, different heat transfer coefficients may be selected, and specific reference may be made to the following:
1) A reinforced concrete mixing area in the direction parallel to the heat flow in the wall 20 is used as a homogeneous structure, and the heat transfer coefficient of the reinforced concrete mixing area material is processed according to the reinforced concrete material;
2) The heat transfer coefficient of the steel bar 10 transversely penetrating through the wall body 20 is valued according to the steel bar material;
3) The heat transfer coefficient of the heat insulation material is valued according to the type of the heat insulation material and multiplied by the corresponding correction coefficient;
4) The heat transfer coefficient of the common building material is taken according to the specification of the current national standard 'civil building thermal design Standard' GB 50176.
Further, the thermophysical property parameters of the material may also be employed when they have a reliable source.
Wherein, the heat transfer coefficient (heat conductivity coefficient) of the above common building material can be referred to the above table 1, and the above table 1 lists the thermophysical properties of a part of the common building materials, including heat conductivity coefficient and the like; the correction coefficients of the heat transfer coefficients of the above-mentioned heat insulating materials are shown in the above-mentioned table 2, and will not be described here again.
The boundary condition setting module includes:
the first boundary condition setting module is used for setting the contact wall surface of the heterogeneous enclosure structure and the indoor air as a third type of boundary condition, namely an internal boundary condition, wherein the indoor temperature and the internal surface heat exchange coefficient take values according to the specification of the current national standard 'civil building thermal design Specification' GB 50176;
the second boundary condition setting module is used for setting the contact wall surface of the heterogeneous enclosure structure and the outdoor air as a third type of boundary condition, namely an external boundary condition, wherein the outdoor temperature and the external surface heat exchange coefficient take values according to the specification of the current national standard 'civil building thermal design Specification' GB 50176.
The outdoor temperature and the heat exchange coefficient of the inner surface may be shown in the above table 3, and the outdoor temperature and the heat exchange coefficient of the outer surface may be shown in the above table 4, which are not repeated here.
The boundary condition setting module includes:
and a third boundary condition setting module, configured to set a boundary surface (symmetrical wall surface) of the steel bar linear transverse crossing wall unit model/the steel bar linear transverse non-crossing wall unit model parallel to the heat flow direction as a second type of boundary condition, where the heat flow density is zero.
Further, in the above boundary condition setting module, the boundary condition setting module further includes: fourth boundary condition setting module for calculating temperature t outdoors in winter e Below 0.9deg.C, the module is matched with the above checking module pairAnd the non-homogeneous enclosure structure performs condensation checking calculation on the inner surface.
Specifically, when the condensation check is performed, the indoor air relative humidity takes 60%.
When the condensation checking calculation is carried out, the temperature of the inner surface of the heat bridge part of the typical unit model of the steel bar linearly and transversely passing through the wall is ensured to be higher than the dew point temperature of indoor air.
In this embodiment, the obtaining module may be configured to obtain the heat transfer coefficient of the simplified model by using a software calculation method.
The software may be computational fluid dynamics software, finite element numerical simulation software, software provided by civil architecture thermal engineering design Specification, etc., where the software is capable of obtaining the heat transfer coefficients of the two-dimensional model of the typical unit of the wall body that is linearly traversed by the reinforcing steel bar and the two-dimensional model of the typical unit of the wall body that is linearly traversed by the reinforcing steel bar based on the heat transfer coefficients of the materials and the setting of boundary conditions, and the embodiment is not limited to the specific selection of the software.
Preferably, in the process of obtaining the heat transfer coefficient described above:
1) The computing software should be verified to ensure the correctness of the computation;
2) The input and output of the software should be convenient for inspection, and the calculation result is clear and visual.
3) And setting proper software iteration steps and convergence residual errors.
Wherein the convergence residual is set to 10 or less -6 Thereby improving the precision and accuracy of the software calculation.
In this embodiment, the computing module includes: and carrying out weighted average on the vertical direction to obtain the average heat transfer coefficient of the whole non-homogeneous enclosure structure.
The number of the simplified linear transverse wall unit models of the reinforcing steel bars can be multiple, and similarly, the number of the simplified linear transverse wall unit models of the reinforcing steel bars can be multiple, so that the average heat transfer coefficient of the whole non-homogeneous enclosure structure can be obtained in the weighted average mode.
Specifically, the above-mentioned average heat transfer coefficient of the whole non-homogeneous enclosure structure obtained by weighted average in the elevation direction includes the following calculation formula:
K＝K 1 ·η 1 +K 2 ·η 2
wherein, K: the average heat transfer coefficient of the whole heterogeneous enclosure;
K 1 : the heat transfer coefficient of the steel bar 10 linearly and transversely passes through the wall body 20 in the non-homogeneous enclosure structure;
η 1 : the longitudinal height ratio of the steel bar 10 to the wall 20 in the non-homogeneous enclosure structure in a linear and transverse way;
K 2 : the steel bar 10 does not linearly and transversely penetrate through the heat transfer coefficient of the wall body 20 in the non-homogeneous enclosure structure;
η 2 : the rebars 10 are not linearly transverse to the longitudinal height of the wall 20 in the non-homogeneous envelope.
Aiming at the characteristics of the non-homogeneous building enclosure, the application combines the basic principle of thermal calculation of the civil building thermal design standard GB 50176-2016 to provide a two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer software calculation method of the non-homogeneous building enclosure, which is used for solving the defects that the actual building enclosure is complex, manual solution cannot be realized, and the three-dimensional modeling numerical solution needs to call a huge calculation unit and the like, and is more suitable for practical engineering application.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present application, not for limiting, and the present application is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solution of the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present application, and it is intended to cover within the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. The two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer thermal calculation method for the heterogeneous enclosure structure is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
simplifying the model of the non-homogeneous enclosure structure;
setting materials of the model with the simplified non-homogeneous enclosure structure;
setting boundary conditions of the model after simplifying the heterogeneous enclosure structure;
acquiring a heat transfer coefficient of the simplified model based on the simplified model, the material setting and the boundary condition setting;
calculating the overall average heat transfer coefficient of the non-homogeneous enclosure structure based on the heat transfer coefficient of the simplified model;
wherein, the simplifying the model of the non-homogeneous envelope structure comprises the following steps:
simplifying a model of the reinforcing steel bar transversely penetrating through the wall body in the non-homogeneous enclosing structure into a model of the reinforcing steel bar vertically paved with the vertical face of the outer wall, and simplifying a three-dimensional model of the non-homogeneous enclosing structure in the vertical face direction into a model in which a two-dimensional plane is the reinforcing steel bar linear transverse penetrating through the wall body and a model in which a two-dimensional plane is the reinforcing steel bar linear transverse non-penetrating through the wall body;
based on the two-dimensional plane, the steel bar linearly and transversely penetrates through the wall body, and a steel bar linearly and transversely penetrates through a wall body unit model is selected;
based on the two-dimensional plane, selecting a unit model of the wall body which is not penetrated by the steel bar in the linear transverse direction;
the material setting of the model with simplified non-homogeneous enclosing structure comprises the following steps:
a reinforced concrete mixing area in the direction parallel to the heat flow of the concrete in the wall is used as a homogeneous structure, and the heat transfer coefficient of the reinforced concrete mixing area material is processed according to the reinforced concrete material;
the heat transfer coefficient of the steel bar transversely penetrating through the wall body is valued according to the steel bar material;
the heat transfer coefficient of the heat insulation material is valued according to the type of the heat insulation material and multiplied by the corresponding correction coefficient;
the heat transfer coefficient of the common building material is valued according to the specification of the current national standard 'civil building thermal design Standard' GB 50176-2016;
the setting of the boundary condition of the model after the non-homogeneous enclosing structure is simplified comprises the following steps:
the contact wall surface of the heterogeneous enclosure structure and the outdoor air is set as a third type of boundary condition, namely an external boundary condition, wherein the outdoor temperature and the external surface heat exchange coefficient take values according to the specification of the current national standard 'civil building thermal design Specification' GB 50176-2016;
the contact wall surface of the heterogeneous enclosure structure and the indoor air is set as a third type of boundary condition, namely an internal boundary condition, wherein the indoor temperature and the internal surface heat exchange coefficient take values according to the specification of the current national standard 'civil building thermal design Specification' GB 50176-2016;
the setting of the boundary condition of the model after the non-homogeneous enclosing structure is simplified further comprises:
the boundary surfaces of the linear transverse crossing wall unit model/the linear transverse non-crossing wall unit model of the steel bar and the heat flow direction are symmetrical wall surfaces, and the boundary surfaces are set as the second type boundary conditions, wherein the heat flow density is zero;
the calculating the overall average heat transfer coefficient of the non-homogeneous envelope includes: carrying out weighted average on the vertical face direction to obtain the average heat transfer coefficient of the whole non-homogeneous enclosure structure;
the above-mentioned average heat transfer coefficient of the whole non-homogeneous enclosure structure obtained by weighted average in the vertical direction includes the following calculation formula:
wherein,: the average heat transfer coefficient of the whole heterogeneous enclosure;
: the steel bar linearly and transversely penetrates through the heat transfer coefficient of the wall body in the non-homogeneous enclosure structure;
: the longitudinal height ratio of the steel bar in the wall body in the non-homogeneous enclosure structure in a linear and transverse crossing manner;
: the steel bar linearly and transversely does not penetrate through the heat transfer coefficient of the wall body in the non-homogeneous enclosure structure;
: the steel bar does not traverse the longitudinal height ratio of the wall body in the non-homogeneous enclosure structure in the linear and transverse directions.
2. The computing method according to claim 1, characterized in that the computing method further comprises: and performing condensation checking calculation on the heterogeneous enclosure structure.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the selecting the reinforcement bar to linearly traverse the wall element model comprises: selecting the least unfavorable two-dimensional cross section for calculation, wherein the cross section of the steel bar is simplified into a rectangle, the width of the rectangle is the diameter of the steel bar, and the length is the projection length of the steel bar on the cross section; the boundary surface parallel to the heat flow direction selects the first calculation unit according to the symmetry principle.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the selecting the linear transverse non-traversing wall element model comprises: the boundary surface parallel to the heat flow direction selects the second calculation unit according to the principle of symmetry.
5. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the simplifying the model of the non-homogeneous envelope comprises: the heat preservation cores Kong Jianhua with irregular shapes filled in the wall bodies are processed in a rectangular mode.
6. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein after the simplification of the model of the non-homogeneous envelope is completed, the simplified model is gridded.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the setting of boundary conditions for the model after the non-homogeneous envelope is simplified further comprises: when the outdoor calculated temperature te in winter is lower than 0.9 ℃, the condensation checking of the inner surface of the heterogeneous enclosure structure is carried out, and when the condensation checking is carried out, the indoor air relative humidity is 60%.
8. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the obtaining the heat transfer coefficient of the simplified model comprises: calculating the heat transfer coefficient of the simplified model through software; setting the iteration step number of software and a convergence residual, wherein the convergence residual is set to be less than or equal to 10 -6 。
9. The non-homogeneous enclosure two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer thermodynamic calculation system, which performs calculation based on the non-homogeneous enclosure two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer thermodynamic calculation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the calculation system comprises:
a simplification module for simplifying the model of the non-homogeneous envelope;
a material setting module for setting the material of the model after the simplified treatment of the simplified module;
the boundary condition setting module is used for setting boundary conditions for the model simplified by the simplifying module;
an acquisition module for acquiring a heat transfer coefficient of the simplified model based on the simplification module, the material setting module, and the boundary condition setting module;
and the calculating module is used for calculating the overall average heat transfer coefficient of the non-homogeneous building enclosure based on the heat transfer coefficient acquired by the acquiring module.
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