CN112115533A - Thermal calculation method and system for two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer of non-homogeneous building envelope - Google Patents
Thermal calculation method and system for two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer of non-homogeneous building envelope Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application discloses a two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer thermal calculation method and a system for a non-homogeneous building envelope, wherein the method comprises the following steps: simplifying the model of the non-homogeneous building envelope; setting materials of the simplified model of the non-homogeneous building envelope; setting boundary conditions of the model after the non-homogeneous building envelope is simplified; acquiring a heat transfer coefficient of the simplified model based on the simplified model, the material setting and the boundary condition setting; and calculating the integral average heat transfer coefficient of the non-homogeneous building envelope based on the heat transfer coefficient of the simplified model. The system comprises: the device comprises a simplifying module, a material setting module, a boundary condition setting module, an obtaining module and a calculating module. Aiming at the characteristics of the non-homogeneous building envelope, the method simplifies the existing model and is matched with related calculation to obtain the integral average heat transfer coefficient of the non-homogeneous building envelope, and the method is suitable for practical engineering application.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of building thermal technology, and particularly relates to a two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer thermal calculation method and system for a non-homogeneous building envelope.
Background
The existing national standard GB 50176-2016 lists the basic parameters and methods of the thermal calculation of the building envelope, but is only suitable for building envelopes with simple structures. Because the arrangement of the internal steel bars of the building envelope wall structure actually participating in calculation is complex, and non-homogeneous structures exist in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, the complex thermal calculation of the internal steel bar arrangement cannot be realized through manual solving, if numerical calculation is carried out by adopting comprehensive modeling, a huge calculation unit needs to be called, and the engineering application is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or shortcomings of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the application is to provide a two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer thermal calculation method and system for a non-homogeneous space enclosing structure.
In order to solve the technical problem, the application is realized by the following technical scheme:
the application provides a two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer thermal calculation method for a non-homogeneous building envelope, which comprises the following steps:
simplifying the model of the non-homogeneous building envelope;
setting the material of the simplified model of the non-homogeneous building envelope;
setting boundary conditions of the model after the non-homogeneous envelope structure is simplified;
obtaining a heat transfer coefficient of the simplified model based on the simplified model, the material setting, and the boundary condition setting;
and calculating the integral average heat transfer coefficient of the non-homogeneous building envelope based on the heat transfer coefficient of the simplified model.
Further, the two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer thermal calculation method for the non-homogeneous building envelope further comprises: and carrying out condensation checking calculation on the non-homogeneous building envelope.
Further, the two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer thermal calculation method for the non-homogeneous space enclosing structure includes, in the simplifying process of the model of the non-homogeneous space enclosing structure: and simplifying the three-dimensional model with the vertical face direction of a non-homogeneous structure into a two-dimensional model.
Further, the above two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer thermal calculation method for the non-homogeneous envelope structure, wherein the three-dimensional model with the non-homogeneous structure in the elevation direction is simplified into a two-dimensional model, includes:
simplifying the model that the reinforcing steel bars transversely penetrate through the wall body in the non-uniform building envelope into that the reinforcing steel bars are vertically laid with the vertical face of the outer wall, and simplifying the vertical face direction of the three-dimensional model into that the two-dimensional plane is a reinforcing steel bar linear transverse penetrating wall body and the two-dimensional plane is a reinforcing steel bar linear transverse non-penetrating wall body;
on the basis of the two-dimensional plane, the steel bar linearly and transversely penetrates through the wall body, and a steel bar linearly and transversely penetrates through a wall body unit model is selected;
and selecting a steel bar linear transverse non-crossing wall unit model based on the two-dimensional plane as the steel bar linear transverse non-crossing wall.
Further, the two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer thermal calculation method for the non-homogeneous space enclosing structure, wherein the step of selecting the steel bars to linearly and transversely pass through the wall unit model, comprises the following steps: selecting the worst two-dimensional cross section for calculation, wherein the cross section of the steel bar is simplified into a rectangle, the width of the rectangle is the diameter of the steel bar, and the length is the projection length of the steel bar on the cross section; and selecting a first calculating unit according to a symmetry principle on a boundary surface parallel to the heat flow direction.
Further, the two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer thermal calculation method for the non-homogeneous space enclosing structure, wherein the step of selecting the steel bar linear transverse non-crossing wall unit model, comprises the following steps: and selecting a second calculation unit according to a symmetrical principle on a boundary surface parallel to the heat flow direction.
Further, the two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer thermal calculation method for the non-homogeneous space enclosing structure includes, in the simplifying process of the model of the non-homogeneous space enclosing structure: and simplifying the irregularly-shaped heat-insulating core holes filled in the wall into rectangular treatment.
Further, in the two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer thermal calculation method for the non-homogeneous space enclosing structure, after the model of the non-homogeneous space enclosing structure is subjected to simplification processing, the model subjected to simplification processing is subjected to grid division.
Further, the two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer thermal calculation method for the non-homogeneous space enclosing structure includes:
a steel bar mixing area in the direction parallel to the concrete and the heat flow in the wall body is used as a homogeneous structure, and the heat transfer coefficient of the material of the steel bar mixing area is processed according to the material of the steel bar concrete;
the heat transfer coefficient of the steel bar transversely passing through the wall body is taken according to the steel bar material;
the heat transfer coefficient of the heat insulation material is taken according to the type of the heat insulation material and multiplied by a corresponding correction coefficient;
the value of the heat transfer coefficient of the common building material is determined according to the specification of the current national standard GB 50176 civil construction thermal engineering design Standard.
Further, the two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer thermal calculation method for the non-homogeneous space enclosing structure includes:
the wall surface of the heterogeneous enclosure structure, which is in contact with outdoor air, is set to be a third type of boundary condition, namely an external boundary condition, wherein the outdoor temperature and the heat exchange coefficient of the external surface are taken according to the regulation of the current national standard GB 50176 of civil construction thermal design Specification;
the wall surface of the heterogeneous enclosure structure, which is in contact with indoor air, is set to be a third type of boundary condition, namely an internal boundary condition, wherein the indoor temperature and the heat exchange coefficient of the inner surface are taken according to the regulations of the current national standard GB 50176 of civil construction thermal design Specification.
Further, the two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer thermal calculation method for the non-homogeneous space enclosing structure further includes:
boundary surfaces parallel to the heat flow direction and passing through the wall unit model linearly and transversely by the steel bars/not passing through the wall unit model linearly and transversely by the steel bars are symmetrical wall surfaces, the boundary surfaces are set as a second type of boundary conditions, and the heat flow density is zero.
In the boundary condition setting of the model after the non-homogeneous envelope is simplified, the method further includes: when outdoor temperature t is calculated in wintereWhen the temperature is lower than 0.9 ℃, performing internal surface condensation checking calculation on the non-homogeneous envelope structure, and when performing condensation checking calculation, taking the indoor air relative humidity as 60%.
Further, the thermal calculation method for two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer of the non-homogeneous space enclosing structure includes the following steps: calculating the heat transfer coefficient of the simplified model by software, wherein the software iteration step number and convergence residual error are also set, and the convergence residual error is set to be less than or equal to 10-6。
Further, the two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer thermal calculation method for the non-homogeneous space enclosing structure includes: and carrying out weighted average in the vertical surface direction to obtain the integral average heat transfer coefficient of the non-uniform envelope structure.
Further, the thermal calculation method for two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer of the non-homogeneous space enclosing structure includes the following calculation formula in the step of performing weighted average in the elevation direction to obtain the average heat transfer coefficient of the whole non-homogeneous space enclosing structure:
K＝K1·η1+K2·η2
wherein, K: the average heat transfer coefficient of the whole inhomogeneous enclosing structure;
K1: the heat transfer coefficient of the steel bar linearly and transversely passing through the wall in the non-homogeneous building envelope;
η1: the longitudinal height of the reinforcing steel bar linearly and transversely passes through the wall in the non-homogeneous building envelope is proportional;
K2: the heat transfer coefficient of the steel bar does not pass through the wall in the non-uniform enclosure structure in a linear and transverse mode;
η2: the longitudinal height of the wall body in the non-uniform enclosure structure is not crossed in the linear and transverse direction of the reinforcing steel bars.
The application also provides a two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer thermal calculation system for the non-homogeneous building envelope, which comprises:
the simplification module is used for simplifying the model of the non-homogeneous building envelope;
the material setting module is used for carrying out material setting on the model subjected to simplified processing by the simplified module;
a boundary condition setting module for setting the boundary condition of the simplified model;
an obtaining module for obtaining a heat transfer coefficient of the simplified model based on the simplifying module, the material setting module, and the boundary condition setting module;
and the calculating module is used for calculating the integral average heat transfer coefficient of the non-uniform enclosure structure based on the heat transfer coefficient acquired by the acquiring module.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the following technical effects:
the method is used for solving the defects that manual solving cannot be achieved due to complex actual enclosure structures, huge calculating units need to be called for three-dimensional modeling numerical solving and the like, and is more suitable for actual engineering application.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent upon reading of the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments thereof, made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1: the application discloses a flow chart of a two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer thermal calculation method for a non-homogeneous building envelope;
FIG. 2: a cross-sectional two-dimensional plan view of an existing non-homogeneous building envelope;
FIG. 3: a longitudinal section two-dimensional plane view of the existing non-homogeneous building envelope;
FIG. 4: the structure schematic diagram of the wall unit model is transversely crossed in a reinforcing steel bar linear mode;
FIG. 5: the linear structure sketch map who does not pass through wall unit model of reinforcing bar in this application transversely.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
As shown in fig. 1, in one embodiment of the present application, a two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer thermal calculation method for a non-homogeneous building envelope is provided, and the calculation method includes the following steps:
step one, simplifying a model of a non-homogeneous building envelope;
step two, setting materials of the model after the non-homogeneous envelope structure is simplified;
setting boundary conditions of the model after the non-homogeneous envelope structure is simplified;
step four, based on the simplified model, the material setting and the boundary condition setting, obtaining the heat transfer coefficient of the simplified model;
and step five, calculating the integral average heat transfer coefficient of the non-homogeneous building envelope based on the heat transfer coefficient of the simplified model.
And the sequence of the second step and the third step is exchanged, and the sequence of the second step and the third step is not limited in the actual citation process.
In the embodiment, aiming at the characteristics of the non-homogeneous building envelope, the existing model is simplified and is matched with related calculation to obtain the integral average heat transfer coefficient of the non-homogeneous building envelope, so that the defects that manual solution cannot be realized due to the complex actual building envelope, huge calculation units need to be called for three-dimensional modeling numerical solution and the like are overcome, and the method is more suitable for actual engineering application.
In this embodiment, the building envelope is a building component for separating the indoor and outdoor spaces of a building and the used space in the building.
Further, the calculation method further comprises the step six: and carrying out condensation checking calculation on the non-homogeneous building envelope.
In particular, the seasonal outdoor calculated temperature teAnd when the temperature is lower than 0.9 ℃, checking the internal surface condensation of the building envelope.
Wherein, the surface condensation checking calculation should be carried out on the thermal bridge part in the enclosure structure, and heat preservation measures should be taken to ensure that the temperature of the inner surface of the thermal bridge is higher than the dew point temperature of the air in the room. The thermal bridge part is a part with obviously increased heat flow intensity in the enclosure structure, and the dew point temperature is the temperature when unsaturated air reaches saturation due to cooling under the conditions of constant atmospheric pressure and constant moisture content.
Wherein, in the first step, the method further comprises: and simplifying the three-dimensional model with the vertical face direction of a non-homogeneous structure into a two-dimensional model.
As shown in fig. 2, the model is a model in which the steel bars 10 transversely penetrate through the wall 20, and the model in which the steel bars 10 transversely penetrate through the wall 20 in the non-uniform envelope structure is simplified in that the steel bars 10 are vertically laid on the facade of the outer wall, so that the facade direction of the three-dimensional model is simplified in that a two-dimensional plane is that the steel bars 10 linearly transversely penetrate through the wall 20 and a two-dimensional plane is that the steel bars 10 linearly transversely do not penetrate through the wall 20;
based on the two-dimensional plane, the steel bars 10 linearly and transversely penetrate through the wall body 20, and a steel bar linear and transverse penetrating wall body unit model is selected;
based on the two-dimensional plane, the steel bars 10 do not pass through the wall 20 linearly and transversely, and a steel bar linear and transverse wall unit model which does not pass through the wall is selected.
In the selected steel bar linear transverse crossing wall unit model, the worst two-dimensional cross section is selected for calculation, wherein the cross section of the steel bar 10 is simplified into a rectangle, the width of the rectangle is the diameter of the steel bar 10, and the length of the rectangle is the projection length of the steel bar 10 on the cross section; the first calculation unit is chosen on the principle of symmetry (or sufficient distance) for the boundary plane parallel to the direction of heat flow, as shown in fig. 4. From the computational fluid mechanics point of view, the symmetric boundary is a thermally stable boundary and the heat flow density is zero. The left and right side wall surfaces of fig. 4 are symmetrical boundaries.
The most unfavorable two-dimensional section may be a section passing through the diameter of the steel bar 10, and the most unfavorable section for heat preservation is generally a section with more steel bars 10 and fast heat transfer.
Fig. 4 is a typical unit of a simplified processed reinforcing bar linearly and transversely passing through a wall unit model, and a plurality of typical units shown in fig. 4 can be divided in the dividing process of the two-dimensional cross section. Fig. 4 is an example of only one of the typical elements.
Further, the above-mentioned selecting the steel bar linear transverse non-crossing wall unit model includes: the second calculation unit is chosen on the principle of symmetry (or sufficiently far) of the boundary surface parallel to the direction of heat flow, as shown in fig. 5. From the computational fluid mechanics point of view, the symmetric boundary is a thermally stable boundary and the heat flow density is zero. The left and right side wall surfaces of fig. 5 are symmetrical boundaries.
Similarly, fig. 5 illustrates a typical unit of the simplified processed rebar linear transverse non-crossing wall unit model, and a plurality of typical units shown in fig. 5 may be divided in the dividing process of the two-dimensional cross section. Fig. 5 is an example of only one of the typical units.
In the first step: the irregular-shaped heat preservation core holes 30 filled in the wall body 20 are simplified into rectangular processing, and the difficulty coefficient of the processing is reduced through the simplified processing.
In order to obtain higher accuracy, the irregular shape may be processed as one diagonal line of the rectangle according to an oblique line corresponding to a maximum linear size, a long or wide boundary of the rectangle may be obtained according to a boundary of the irregular shape, and the simplified processed rectangle may be obtained based on the diagonal line and the boundary.
Of course, the diagonal line corresponding to the minimum linear size of the irregular shape may be used as one diagonal line of the rectangle to process, the long or wide boundary of the rectangle may be obtained according to the boundary of the irregular shape, and the simplified rectangle may be obtained based on the diagonal line and the boundary.
Of course, the diagonal line corresponding to the average linear size of the irregular shape, or the diagonal line close to the length of the average linear size may be used as one diagonal line of the rectangle to process, the length or width boundary of the rectangle may be obtained according to the boundary of the irregular shape, and the simplified processed rectangle may be obtained based on the diagonal line and the boundary.
The simplified processing is preferably performed on the premise that the simplified rectangle can basically cover the original irregular shape as a whole.
After the model of the non-homogeneous envelope structure is simplified, the simplified model is subjected to grid division based on the principle of computational fluid dynamics solution heat transfer.
In the second step, the method comprises the following steps:
1) a reinforcing steel bar mixing area in the direction parallel to the concrete and the heat flow in the wall body 20 is used as a homogeneous structure, and the heat transfer coefficient of the material of the reinforcing steel bar mixing area is processed according to the reinforced concrete material;
2) the heat transfer coefficient of the steel bars 10 transversely penetrating through the wall body 20 is taken according to the steel bar material;
3) the heat transfer coefficient of the heat insulation material is taken according to the type of the heat insulation material and multiplied by a corresponding correction coefficient;
4) the value of the heat transfer coefficient of the common building material is determined according to the specification of the current national standard GB 50176 civil construction thermal engineering design Standard.
Further, the thermophysical performance parameters of a material (including heat transfer coefficient, etc.) may also be used when there is a reliable source of such parameters.
The heat transfer coefficient (thermal conductivity) of the above-mentioned common building materials can be seen in table 1 below, and table 1 lists the thermal physical properties, including thermal conductivity, of some common building materials.
TABLE 1 calculation parameters of thermophysical properties of common parts of building materials
The heat transfer coefficient of the above-mentioned heat insulating material is corrected by the following table 2.
TABLE 2 correction factor alpha of thermal conductivity of common thermal insulation material
Step three, the boundary condition setting of the model after the non-homogeneous envelope structure is simplified comprises the following steps:
the wall surface of the heterogeneous enclosure structure, which is in contact with indoor air, is set to be a third type of boundary condition, namely an internal boundary condition, wherein the indoor temperature and the heat exchange coefficient of the internal surface are taken according to the regulation of the current national standard GB 50176 of civil construction thermal design Specification;
the wall surface of the heterogeneous enclosure structure, which is in contact with outdoor air, is set to be a third type of boundary condition, namely an external boundary condition, wherein the outdoor temperature and the external surface heat exchange coefficient are determined according to the regulations of the current national standard GB 50176 of civil construction thermal design Specification.
The outdoor temperature and the heat transfer coefficient of the inner surface can be seen from the following table 3.
TABLE 3 coefficient of heat transfer from the inner surface αiAnd inner surface heat exchange resistance Ri
In Table 3, h is the height of the rib and s is the clear distance between ribs.
The outdoor temperature and the external surface heat exchange coefficient are shown in table 4 below.
TABLE 4 coefficient of heat transfer from the outer surfaceiAnd outer surface heat exchange resistance Ri
Further, in the third step, the method further includes:
boundary surfaces parallel to the heat flow direction and passing through the wall unit model linearly and transversely by the steel bars/not passing through the wall unit model linearly and transversely by the steel bars are symmetrical wall surfaces, the boundary surfaces are set as a second type of boundary conditions, and the heat flow density is zero.
Further, the boundary condition setting of the model after the non-homogeneous envelope simplification further includes: when outdoor temperature t is calculated in wintereWhen the temperature is lower than 0.9 ℃, performing internal surface condensation checking calculation on the non-homogeneous envelope structure, and when performing condensation checking calculation, taking the indoor air relative humidity as 60%.
When the dew condensation check calculation is carried out, the temperature of the inner surface of the heat bridge part of the typical unit model of the wall body 20, which is linearly and transversely penetrated by the reinforcing steel bar 10, is ensured to be higher than the dew point temperature of indoor air.
The step four of obtaining the heat transfer coefficient of the simplified model includes: the heat transfer coefficient of the simplified model can be obtained by a software calculation method.
The software may be computational fluid mechanics software, finite element numerical simulation software, self-contained software of civil building thermal design specifications, and the like, and the software can acquire the heat transfer coefficients of the two-dimensional model of the typical unit of the wall body 20 linearly and transversely crossed by the steel bar 10 and the two-dimensional model of the typical unit of the wall body 20 not linearly and transversely crossed by the steel bar 10 based on the heat transfer coefficients and boundary conditions of the materials, and the embodiment does not limit the specific selection of the software.
Preferably, in the above-described process of obtaining the heat transfer coefficient:
1) the calculation software should be verified to ensure the correctness of the calculation;
2) the input and output of the software are convenient to check, and the calculation result is clear and visual.
3) And setting proper software iteration step numbers and convergence residual errors.
Wherein the convergence residual is set to 10 or less-6Therefore, the accuracy and precision of the software calculation are improved.
Further, the above calculating the overall average heat transfer coefficient of the non-homogeneous building envelope includes: and carrying out weighted average in the elevation direction based on the heat transfer coefficient of the simplified model calculated by the software to obtain the integral average heat transfer coefficient of the non-homogeneous building envelope.
In this embodiment, since there may be a plurality of simplified linear transverse wall element models, and similarly, there may also be a plurality of simplified linear transverse non-transverse wall element models, the average heat transfer coefficient of the entire non-uniform enclosure structure may be obtained in the weighted average manner.
Specifically, the above average heat transfer coefficient of the entire non-homogeneous building envelope obtained by performing weighted averaging in the elevation direction includes the following calculation formula:
K＝K1·η1+K2·η2
wherein, K: the average heat transfer coefficient of the whole inhomogeneous enclosing structure;
K1: the heat transfer coefficient of the steel bars 10 linearly and transversely passing through the wall 20 in the non-homogeneous building envelope;
η1: the longitudinal height ratio of the reinforcing steel bars 10 linearly and transversely passing through the wall body 20 in the non-uniform building envelope;
K2: the heat transfer coefficient of the reinforcing steel bars 10 which do not linearly and transversely pass through the wall body 20 in the non-uniform building envelope;
η2: the longitudinal height of the wall body 20 in the non-uniform building envelope is not crossed linearly and transversely by the reinforcing steel bars 10.
In one embodiment of the present application, a two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer thermal calculation system for a non-homogeneous building envelope is further provided, the calculation system comprising:
the simplification module is used for simplifying the model of the non-homogeneous building envelope;
the material setting module is used for carrying out material setting on the model subjected to simplified processing by the simplified module;
a boundary condition setting module for setting the boundary condition of the simplified model;
an obtaining module for obtaining a heat transfer coefficient of the simplified model based on the simplifying module, the material setting module, and the boundary condition setting module;
and the calculating module is used for calculating the integral average heat transfer coefficient of the non-uniform enclosure structure based on the heat transfer coefficient acquired by the acquiring module.
The embodiment provides a simplified module for simplifying the existing model and matching with related calculation to obtain the overall average heat transfer coefficient of the non-homogeneous building envelope aiming at the characteristics of the non-homogeneous building envelope, overcomes the defects that manual solving cannot be realized due to the complex actual building envelope, huge calculation units need to be called for three-dimensional modeling numerical solving and the like, and is more suitable for actual engineering application.
Specifically, the present embodiment may further be configured with a checking module for calculating the temperature t outdoors in the seasoneWhen the temperature is lower than 0.9 ℃, the checking module can carry out internal surface condensation checking calculation on the building envelope.
Furthermore, the surface condensation checking calculation should be carried out on the thermal bridge part in the enclosure structure, and heat preservation measures should be taken to ensure that the temperature of the inner surface of the thermal bridge is higher than the dew point temperature of the air in the room. The thermal bridge part is a part with obviously increased heat flow intensity in the enclosure structure, and the dew point temperature is the temperature when unsaturated air reaches saturation due to cooling under the conditions of constant atmospheric pressure and constant moisture content.
The simplifying module can simplify a three-dimensional model with a non-homogeneous structure in the vertical plane direction into a two-dimensional model.
As shown in fig. 2, the model is a model in which the steel bars 10 transversely penetrate through the wall 20, and the model in which the steel bars 10 transversely penetrate through the wall 20 in the non-uniform envelope structure is simplified in that the steel bars 10 are vertically laid on the facade of the outer wall, so that the facade direction of the three-dimensional model is simplified in that a two-dimensional plane is that the steel bars 10 linearly transversely penetrate through the wall 20 and a two-dimensional plane is that the steel bars 10 linearly transversely do not penetrate through the wall 20;
based on the two-dimensional plane, the steel bars 10 linearly and transversely penetrate through the wall body 20, and a steel bar linear and transverse penetrating wall body unit model is selected;
based on the two-dimensional plane, the steel bars 10 do not pass through the wall 20 linearly and transversely, and a steel bar linear and transverse wall unit model which does not pass through the wall is selected.
In the selected steel bar linear transverse crossing wall unit model, the worst two-dimensional cross section is selected for calculation, wherein the cross section of the steel bar 10 is simplified into a rectangle, the width of the rectangle is the diameter of the steel bar 10, and the length of the rectangle is the projection length of the steel bar 10 on the cross section; the first calculation unit is chosen on the principle of symmetry (or sufficient distance) for the boundary plane parallel to the direction of heat flow, as shown in fig. 4. From the computational fluid mechanics point of view, the symmetric boundary is a thermally stable boundary and the heat flow density is zero. The left and right side wall surfaces of fig. 4 are symmetrical boundaries.
The most unfavorable two-dimensional section may be a section passing through the diameter of the steel bar 10, and the most unfavorable section for heat preservation is generally a section with more steel bars 10 and fast heat transfer.
Fig. 4 is a typical unit of a simplified processed reinforcing bar linearly and transversely passing through a wall unit model, and a plurality of typical units shown in fig. 4 can be divided in the dividing process of the two-dimensional cross section. Fig. 4 is an example of only one of the typical elements.
Further, the above-mentioned selecting the steel bar linear transverse non-crossing wall unit model includes: the second calculation unit is chosen on the principle of symmetry (or sufficiently far) of the boundary surface parallel to the direction of heat flow, as shown in fig. 5. From the computational fluid mechanics point of view, the symmetric boundary is a thermally stable boundary and the heat flow density is zero. The left and right side wall surfaces of fig. 5 are symmetrical boundaries.
Similarly, fig. 5 illustrates a typical unit of the simplified processed rebar linear transverse non-crossing wall unit model, and a plurality of typical units shown in fig. 5 may be divided in the dividing process of the two-dimensional cross section. Fig. 5 is an example of only one of the typical units.
The simplified module also comprises a graph simplified module, and the irregular-shaped heat preservation core holes 30 filled in the wall body 20 can be simplified into rectangular processing through the arrangement of the graph simplified module, so that the difficulty coefficient of the processing is reduced through the simplified processing.
In order to obtain higher accuracy, the irregular shape may be processed as one diagonal line of a rectangle according to an oblique line corresponding to a maximum linear size, a long or wide boundary of the rectangle may be obtained according to a boundary of the irregular shape, and the simplified processed rectangle may be obtained based on the diagonal line or the boundary.
Of course, the diagonal line corresponding to the minimum linear size of the irregular shape may be used as one diagonal line of the rectangle to process, the long or wide boundary of the rectangle may be obtained according to the boundary of the irregular shape, and the simplified rectangle may be obtained based on the diagonal line or the boundary.
Of course, the diagonal line corresponding to the average linear size of the irregular shape, or the diagonal line close to the length of the average linear size may be used as one diagonal line of the rectangle to process, the length or width boundary of the rectangle may be obtained according to the boundary of the irregular shape, and the simplified processed rectangle may be obtained based on the diagonal line and the boundary.
The simplified processing is preferably performed on the premise that the simplified rectangle can basically cover the original irregular shape as a whole.
In this embodiment, the simplification module is further configured with a meshing module, and after the simplification processing of the model of the non-homogeneous envelope structure is completed, the model simplified by the simplification module is meshed through the meshing module based on the principle of computational fluid dynamics solving heat transfer.
In the material setting module, different heat transfer coefficients may be selected for different materials, and specifically, the following may be referred to:
1) a reinforcing steel bar mixing area in the direction parallel to the concrete and the heat flow in the wall body 20 is used as a homogeneous structure, and the heat transfer coefficient of the material of the reinforcing steel bar mixing area is processed according to the reinforced concrete material;
2) the heat transfer coefficient of the steel bars 10 transversely penetrating through the wall body 20 is taken according to the steel bar material;
3) the heat transfer coefficient of the heat insulation material is taken according to the type of the heat insulation material and multiplied by a corresponding correction coefficient;
4) the value of the heat transfer coefficient of the common building material is determined according to the specification of the current national standard GB 50176 civil construction thermal engineering design Standard.
Further, the thermophysical property parameters of a material may also be used when there is a reliable source of the thermophysical property parameters of the material.
Wherein, the heat transfer coefficient (thermal conductivity) of the common building materials can be seen in the above table 1, and the above table 1 lists the thermal physical properties of some common building materials, including thermal conductivity, etc.; the heat transfer coefficient of the above-mentioned insulation material is referred to the above-mentioned table 2, and the details thereof are omitted.
The boundary condition setting module includes:
the first boundary condition setting module is used for setting the wall surface of the heterogeneous enclosure structure, which is in contact with indoor air, into a third type of boundary condition, namely an internal boundary condition, wherein the indoor temperature and the heat exchange coefficient of the inner surface are set according to the regulation of the current national standard GB 50176 of civil construction thermal design Specification;
and the second boundary condition setting module is used for setting the wall surface of the heterogeneous enclosure structure, which is in contact with outdoor air, into a third type of boundary condition, namely an external boundary condition, wherein the outdoor temperature and the external surface heat exchange coefficient are set according to the regulation of the current national standard GB 50176 of civil construction thermal design Specification.
The outdoor temperature and the inner surface heat exchange coefficient can be referred to table 3, and the outdoor temperature and the outer surface heat exchange coefficient can be referred to table 4, which are not described herein again.
The boundary condition setting module includes:
and the third boundary condition setting module is used for setting a boundary surface (a symmetrical wall surface) parallel to the heat flow direction, wherein the boundary surface is formed by the reinforcing steel bar linearly transversely passing through the wall unit model or the reinforcing steel bar linearly transversely not passing through the wall unit model, and the heat flow density is zero.
Further, the boundary condition setting module further includes: a fourth boundary condition setting module for calculating the outdoor temperature t in wintereAt a temperature of less than 0.9 deg.C, the module is matched with the testAnd the calculation module performs checking calculation on the internal surface condensation of the non-homogeneous envelope structure.
Specifically, when the dew condensation check is performed, the indoor air relative humidity takes 60%.
And when the dew condensation checking calculation is carried out, the temperature of the inner surface of the heat bridge part of the typical unit model of the wall body transversely and linearly penetrating through the reinforcing steel bars is ensured to be higher than the dew point temperature of indoor air.
In this embodiment, the obtaining module may be configured to obtain the heat transfer coefficient of the simplified model through a software calculation method.
The software may be computational fluid mechanics software, finite element numerical simulation software, self-contained software of civil building thermal design specifications, and the like, and the software can acquire the heat transfer coefficients of the two-dimensional model of the typical unit of the wall body, which is linearly and transversely crossed by the reinforcing steel bar, and the two-dimensional model of the typical unit of the wall body, which is not linearly and transversely crossed by the reinforcing steel bar, based on the heat transfer coefficients and boundary conditions of the materials, and the specific selection of the software is not limited in the embodiment.
Preferably, in the above-described process of obtaining the heat transfer coefficient:
1) the calculation software should be verified to ensure the correctness of the calculation;
2) the input and output of the software are convenient to check, and the calculation result is clear and visual.
3) And setting proper software iteration step numbers and convergence residual errors.
Wherein the convergence residual is set to 10 or less-6Therefore, the accuracy and precision of the software calculation are improved.
In this embodiment, the calculation module includes: and carrying out weighted average in the vertical surface direction to obtain the integral average heat transfer coefficient of the non-uniform envelope structure.
The simplified and processed reinforcing steel bar linear transverse-crossing wall unit models can be multiple, and similarly, the simplified and processed reinforcing steel bar linear transverse-crossing wall unit models can also be multiple, so that the overall average heat transfer coefficient of the non-uniform enclosure structure can be obtained in the weighted average mode.
Specifically, the above average heat transfer coefficient of the entire non-homogeneous building envelope obtained by performing weighted averaging in the elevation direction includes the following calculation formula:
K＝K1·η1+K2·η2
wherein, K: the average heat transfer coefficient of the whole inhomogeneous enclosing structure;
K1: the heat transfer coefficient of the steel bars 10 linearly and transversely passing through the wall 20 in the non-homogeneous building envelope;
η1: the longitudinal height ratio of the reinforcing steel bars 10 linearly and transversely passing through the wall body 20 in the non-uniform building envelope;
K2: the heat transfer coefficient of the reinforcing steel bars 10 which do not linearly and transversely pass through the wall body 20 in the non-uniform building envelope;
η2: the longitudinal height of the wall body 20 in the non-uniform building envelope is not crossed linearly and transversely by the reinforcing steel bars 10.
The method is used for solving the defects that manual solving cannot be achieved due to complex actual enclosure structures, huge calculating units need to be called for three-dimensional modeling numerical solving and the like, and is more suitable for actual engineering application.
The above embodiments are merely to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application and are not limitative, and the present application is described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and equivalent arrangements may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention and shall be covered by the appended claims.
Claims (16)
1. The two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer thermal calculation method for the non-homogeneous space enclosing structure is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
simplifying the model of the non-homogeneous building envelope;
setting the material of the simplified model of the non-homogeneous building envelope;
setting boundary conditions of the model after the non-homogeneous envelope structure is simplified;
obtaining a heat transfer coefficient of the simplified model based on the simplified model, the material setting, and the boundary condition setting;
and calculating the integral average heat transfer coefficient of the non-homogeneous building envelope based on the heat transfer coefficient of the simplified model.
2. The computing method of claim 1, further comprising: and carrying out condensation checking calculation on the non-homogeneous building envelope.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the simplifying the model of the non-homogenous building envelope comprises: and simplifying the three-dimensional model with the vertical face direction of a non-homogeneous structure into a two-dimensional model.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of simplifying the three-dimensional model with non-homogeneous structure in the vertical direction into a two-dimensional model comprises:
simplifying the model that the reinforcing steel bars transversely penetrate through the wall body in the non-uniform building envelope into that the reinforcing steel bars are vertically laid with the vertical face of the outer wall, and simplifying the vertical face direction of the three-dimensional model into that the two-dimensional plane is a reinforcing steel bar linear transverse penetrating wall body and the two-dimensional plane is a reinforcing steel bar linear transverse non-penetrating wall body;
on the basis of the two-dimensional plane, the steel bar linearly and transversely penetrates through the wall body, and a steel bar linearly and transversely penetrates through a wall body unit model is selected;
and selecting a steel bar linear transverse non-crossing wall unit model based on the two-dimensional plane as the steel bar linear transverse non-crossing wall.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein selecting the rebar linear traverse wall element model comprises: selecting the worst two-dimensional cross section for calculation, wherein the cross section of the steel bar is simplified into a rectangle, the width of the rectangle is the diameter of the steel bar, and the length is the projection length of the steel bar on the cross section; and selecting a first calculating unit according to a symmetry principle on a boundary surface parallel to the heat flow direction.
6. The method of claim 4 or 5, wherein selecting the rebar linear non-traversing wall element model comprises: and selecting a second calculation unit according to a symmetrical principle on a boundary surface parallel to the heat flow direction.
7. The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the simplifying the model of the non-homogenous building envelope comprises: and simplifying the irregularly-shaped heat-insulating core holes filled in the wall into rectangular treatment.
8. The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein after the simplifying the model of the non-homogenous enclosure, the simplified model is gridded.
9. The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the material setting of the simplified model of the non-homogenous building envelope comprises:
a steel bar mixing area in the direction parallel to the concrete and the heat flow in the wall body is used as a homogeneous structure, and the heat transfer coefficient of the material of the steel bar mixing area is processed according to the material of the steel bar concrete;
the heat transfer coefficient of the steel bar transversely passing through the wall body is taken according to the steel bar material;
the heat transfer coefficient of the heat insulation material is taken according to the type of the heat insulation material and multiplied by a corresponding correction coefficient;
the value of the heat transfer coefficient of the common building material is determined according to the specification of the current national standard GB 50176 civil construction thermal engineering design Standard.
10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the setting of the boundary conditions of the simplified model of the non-homogenous building envelope comprises:
the wall surface of the heterogeneous enclosure structure, which is in contact with outdoor air, is set to be a third type of boundary condition, namely an external boundary condition, wherein the outdoor temperature and the heat exchange coefficient of the external surface are taken according to the regulation of the current national standard GB 50176 of civil construction thermal design Specification;
the wall surface of the heterogeneous enclosure structure, which is in contact with indoor air, is set to be a third type of boundary condition, namely an internal boundary condition, wherein the indoor temperature and the heat exchange coefficient of the inner surface are taken according to the regulations of the current national standard GB 50176 of civil construction thermal design Specification.
11. The method according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the setting of the boundary conditions of the simplified model of the heterogeneous building envelope further comprises:
boundary surfaces parallel to the heat flow direction and passing through the wall unit model linearly and transversely by the steel bars/not passing through the wall unit model linearly and transversely by the steel bars are symmetrical wall surfaces, the boundary surfaces are set as a second type of boundary conditions, and the heat flow density is zero.
12. The method of claim 2, wherein the setting of the boundary conditions of the simplified non-homogeneous building envelope model further comprises: when outdoor temperature t is calculated in wintereWhen the temperature is lower than 0.9 ℃, performing internal surface condensation checking calculation on the non-homogeneous envelope structure, and when performing condensation checking calculation, taking the indoor air relative humidity as 60%.
13. The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the obtaining of the heat transfer coefficient of the simplified model comprises: calculating the heat transfer coefficient of the simplified model through software; setting the number of software iteration steps and a convergence residual error, wherein the convergence residual error is set to be less than or equal to 10-6。
14. The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the calculating the global average heat transfer coefficient of the non-homogeneous building envelope comprises: and carrying out weighted average in the vertical surface direction to obtain the integral average heat transfer coefficient of the non-uniform envelope structure.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the weighted averaging in the elevation direction to obtain the average heat transfer coefficient of the non-homogeneous building envelope comprises the following calculation formula:
K＝K1·η1+K2·η2
wherein, K: the average heat transfer coefficient of the whole inhomogeneous enclosing structure;
K1: the heat transfer coefficient of the steel bar linearly and transversely passing through the wall in the non-homogeneous building envelope;
η1: the longitudinal height of the reinforcing steel bar linearly and transversely passes through the wall in the non-homogeneous building envelope is proportional;
K2: the heat transfer coefficient of the steel bar does not pass through the wall in the non-uniform enclosure structure in a linear and transverse mode;
η2: the longitudinal height of the wall body in the non-uniform enclosure structure is not crossed in the linear and transverse direction of the reinforcing steel bars.
16. The two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer thermal calculation system of the non-homogeneous building envelope is characterized by comprising the following components:
the simplification module is used for simplifying the model of the non-homogeneous building envelope;
the material setting module is used for carrying out material setting on the model subjected to simplified processing by the simplified module;
a boundary condition setting module for setting the boundary condition of the simplified model;
an obtaining module for obtaining a heat transfer coefficient of the simplified model based on the simplifying module, the material setting module, and the boundary condition setting module;
and the calculating module is used for calculating the integral average heat transfer coefficient of the non-uniform enclosure structure based on the heat transfer coefficient acquired by the acquiring module.
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