CN112109878B

CN112109878B - Folding mechanism suitable for folding morphing wing

Info

Publication number: CN112109878B
Application number: CN202010853211.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 宋晨; 杨昊霖; 张桢锴; 雷朝辉; 杨超
Original assignee: Beihang University
Current assignee: Beihang University
Priority date: 2020-08-23
Filing date: 2020-08-23
Publication date: 2023-01-10
Anticipated expiration: 2040-08-23
Also published as: CN112109878A

Abstract

The invention provides a folding mechanism suitable for folding morphing wings. The invention is characterized by a low drive torque of the folding mechanism and by modularity of the folding mechanism for installation and maintenance. The folding mechanism provided by the invention comprises: the gear box comprises a sun wheel shaft (1), a gear ring (2), a planet wheel bearing (3), a planet wheel (4), a hinge shell (5), a gear box sealing cover (6), a planet carrier shaft (7), a hinge bearing (8), an oil-proof cover (9), a planet carrier (10), a sun wheel shaft bearing (11), a dust-proof cover (12) and an outer sleeve (13). The invention adopts the planetary gear train, transmits torque through a high pair of gear engagement, and utilizes the characteristic of high reduction ratio of the planetary gear train to reduce the driving torque of the mechanism for realizing folding action. When the wing load is large, the load of each folding mechanism can be reduced in a mode that a plurality of folding mechanisms are connected in parallel. The folding mechanism is easy to install, compact in structure, large in torque, strong in adaptability and suitable for folding mechanisms of wings of various shipboard aircrafts and folding morphing aircrafts.

Description

Folding mechanism suitable for folding morphing wing

Technical Field

The invention relates to a folding mechanism suitable for folding morphing wings.

Background

It is difficult to achieve both excellent low-speed flight performance and high-speed flight performance for conventional aircraft. The working environment of a high-speed airplane is high in dynamic pressure, so that the airplane can maintain flight without large airplane wing area and wing thickness. In order to reduce the resistance, the high-speed aircraft usually has a smaller aspect ratio and a lower wing thickness, and the wing leading edge is most pointed so as to reduce the shock resistance; the low-speed airplane has low dynamic pressure in a working environment, and needs a wing with a larger aspect ratio and a larger wing thickness to ensure the lift force, so that the airplane is ensured to have a larger wing area and a larger lift coefficient.

The folding wing variant airplane is a variant airplane which obviously changes the effective area of wings, effectively soaks the geometrical parameters of wings such as the area and the like by folding the wings. The change of geometrical parameters of wings such as the aspect ratio, the effective sweepback angle and the like can lead to the change of aerodynamic characteristics such as lift coefficient, lift-drag ratio, vertical stability and the like of the whole aircraft, so that the flight envelope of the aircraft is changed, and the aims of expanding the flight envelope of the aircraft and increasing the effective working environment of the aircraft are finally realized.

The wings of the folding morphing aircraft are divided into three sections, and the two sections of wings are connected through hinges, so that the folding movement of the wings can be realized. The actuators for folding the wings can be divided into mechanical actuators, memory alloy actuators and piezoelectric actuators, wherein the mechanical actuators are mature and widely applied to folding machines of carrier-based aircraft wings, but the mechanisms have poor bearing capacity and are seriously coupled with wing structures, so that the maintenance and replacement of the mechanisms are not facilitated.

Therefore, there is a need to develop a wing folding mechanism suitable for a folding variant aircraft, which has low driving torque, compact structure, modularization, and is easy to be modified on the existing flying platform to modify the existing model into a folding variant model. Finally, the purpose of stable and controllable folding deformation of the folding wing is achieved.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the difficult problem of the design of the folding mechanism of the folding morphing aircraft, the invention provides the folding mechanism suitable for the folding morphing wing, which has the advantages of simple installation and maintenance, low driving torque, no influence on the structure of the aircraft body and certain universality.

The main considerations on which the present invention is based include:

the folding mechanism based on the planetary gear train is required to be designed, so that a stable and continuous folding function can be realized; the folding mechanism is required to have a certain reduction ratio, so that the driving torque of the mechanism is smaller; the parallel operation of a plurality of folding mechanisms is required to be realized, and the continuous distribution and force transmission of loads are realized; the folding mechanism is simple in mechanical interface and convenient to install, and can be used for reconstructing any wing with an adaptive mechanical interface.

According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a folding mechanism for folding a morphing wing, comprising:

a sun wheel shaft, a gear ring, a planet wheel bearing, a planet wheel, a hinge shell, a gear box sealing cover, a planet carrier shaft, a hinge bearing, an oil-proof cover, a planet carrier, a sun wheel shaft bearing and a dust-proof cover,

wherein:

the hinge shell, the gear box sealing cover, the planet carrier and the hinge bearing belong to a hinge mechanism which provides the rotational freedom degree of the folding mechanism,

the planet wheel bearing is nested in the planet wheel, the planet carrier shaft is nested in the inner ring of the planet wheel bearing, the planet wheel is ensured to rotate freely around the planet carrier shaft,

the two ends of the planet carrier shaft are inserted into the mounting holes of the planet carrier and fixed by bolt gaskets to ensure that the axes of the planet wheels, the axes of the planet carrier shaft and the planet carrier rotate at the same angular speed around the axis of the hinge bearing,

the gear ring and the hinge shell are fixed by a key and a key slot to ensure that the gear ring and the hinge shell are relatively static,

two ends of the sun wheel shaft penetrate through the inner ring of the sun wheel shaft bearing, the sun wheel shaft bearing is embedded into the mounting hole at the center of the planet carrier, the axis of the sun wheel shaft is ensured to be coincident with the axis of the hinge shaft,

the gear box sealing cover is embedded into the hinge shell and fixed through a bolt, a circle of groove mounting rubber sealing ring is arranged at the bottom of the gear box sealing cover,

the dustproof cover and the oil-proof cover are fixed on the planet carrier through bolts,

the dustproof cover clamps the sun wheel shaft bearing, the sun wheel shaft bearing clamps the shaft shoulder of the sun wheel shaft to realize the axial positioning of the sun wheel shaft,

the hinge outer shell is connected with a fixed wing section of the folding morphing wing,

the planet carrier is connected with the folding wing sections of the folding morphing wings,

a motor is arranged in the fixed wing section,

when the motor drives the sun wheel shaft to rotate, the planet carrier is driven to rotate through the transmission of a planetary gear train comprising the sun wheel shaft, the gear ring and the planet gear, so that the folding wing sections are driven to rotate relative to the fixed wing sections,

the planetary gear train makes the torque required by driving the folding wing section provided by the input torque of the sun wheel shaft and the support reaction torque of the fixed wing section structure, and the input torque and the torque provided by the support reaction torque are in the same direction.

The advantages and beneficial effects of the invention include:

1) The gear train in the folding mechanism is arranged in the cavity of the hinge, so that the whole folding mechanism is more compact, saves space and is convenient to arrange;

2) The planetary gear system in the mechanism provides a larger reduction ratio, so that the driving torque of the folding mechanism is reduced, namely, the power requirement of the motor is reduced, and the weight and the size of the motor are further reduced;

3) The folding mechanisms can be arranged in parallel, the length of the folding mechanism can be lengthened through the coupling of a plurality of folding mechanism units, or the folding mechanisms can be arranged in any mode to adapt to different wing structures. (ii) a

4) The folding mechanism is connected with the wing structure through the mechanism and the lug bolt at the tail end of the wing structure, the connection mode is simple, the installation space required by the folding mechanism is only at the folding position and is not interfered with the wing, and the folding mechanism is easy to install, replace and maintain.

5) The shell of the folding mechanism has bearing capacity, and the skin at the folded part of the wing and the supporting structure thereof can be directly arranged on the shell of the folding mechanism without an additional supporting structure.

The main application objects of the invention comprise a folding morphing aircraft wing folding mechanism, and the folding morphing aircraft wing folding mechanism can also be used for a carrier-based aircraft wing folding mechanism.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an external schematic view of a folding mechanism according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a folding mechanism internal planetary gear train according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view of a part of the structure of a folding mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a coupling schematic of a discrete arrangement scheme of parallel arrangements according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a coupling schematic of a sequential arrangement scheme of parallel arrangements according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a hybrid arrangement of folding mechanisms according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a photograph of a physical object of a folding mechanism unit according to one embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic picture of a folding mechanism driving test according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The following describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, one embodiment according to the present invention is characterized in that the folding mechanism includes:

a sun wheel shaft (1), a gear ring (2), a planet wheel bearing (3), a planet wheel (4), a hinge shell (5), a gear box sealing cover (6), a planet carrier shaft (7), a hinge bearing (8), an oil-proof cover (9), a planet carrier (10), a sun wheel shaft bearing (11) and a dust-proof cover (12),

wherein:

the hinge housing (5), the gear box sealing cover (6), the planet carrier (10) and the hinge bearing (8) belong to a hinge mechanism which provides the rotation freedom of the folding mechanism.

The components of the folding mechanism are mounted as shown in fig. 3. The planet wheel bearing (3) is nested in the planet wheel (4), and the planet carrier shaft (7) is nested in an inner ring of the planet wheel bearing (3), so that the planet wheel (4) is ensured to rotate freely around the planet carrier shaft (7). The two ends of the planet wheel shaft are inserted into the mounting holes (21) of the planet carrier (10) and fixed by bolt gaskets (not shown). The mounting relationship ensures that the rotational angular velocities of the axis of the planet wheels (4), of the planet carrier shaft (7) and of the planet carrier (10) about the axis of the hinge bearing (8) are the same.

The gear ring (2) and the hinge shell (5) are fixed through keys and key slots, and the gear ring (2) and the hinge shell (5) are guaranteed to be static relatively.

Two ends of the sun wheel shaft (1) penetrate through the inner ring of the sun wheel shaft bearing (11), and the sun wheel shaft bearing (11) is embedded into the mounting hole in the center of the planet carrier (10) to ensure that the axis of the sun wheel shaft (1) is coincident with the axis of the hinge.

The gear box sealing cover (6) is embedded into the hinge shell (5) and fixed through bolts, and a circle of groove mounting rubber sealing ring is arranged at the bottom of the gear box sealing cover (6). The dustproof cover (12) and the oil-proof cover (9) are fixed on the planet carrier (10) through bolts, trapezoidal grooves are formed in the hole walls of the central holes of the dustproof cover (12), the oil-proof cover (9) and the gear box sealing cover (6), and sealing materials such as felts can be arranged in the trapezoidal grooves.

The connection between the folding mechanism and the wing is shown in fig. 6, the hinge housing (5) is connected with the fixed wing section (23), and the planet carrier (10) is connected with the folding wing section (24). The electric machine is arranged in the stationary wing (23). When the motor drives the sun wheel shaft (1) to rotate, the planet carrier (10) is driven to rotate through the transmission of the planetary gear train, namely the folding wing sections (24) rotate relative to the fixed wing sections (23). The moment required by the folding mechanism to drive the folding wing sections (24) is provided by the input torque of the sun wheel shaft (1) and the counter torque of the fixed wing section (23) structure by the characteristics of the planetary gear train. The torque provided by the two parts is in the same direction, and the magnitude of the torque provided by the two parts is related to the gear ratio of the three parts, namely the gear ring (2), the planet wheel (4) and the sun wheel shaft (1).

When a plurality of folding mechanisms are used in parallel, the position of each folding mechanism is determined according to the positions of the fixed wing panel (23) and the folding wing panel (24) and the mechanical interface position of the two wing panels, and the arrangement mode of the folding mechanisms is divided into three conditions:

1. the folding mechanisms are arranged discretely and connected in the manner shown in fig. 4. Every two folding mechanisms are not adjacent, and a sun wheel shaft (1) between the two folding mechanisms is coupled with an outer sleeve (13) with internal teeth through a rotating shaft (16) to realize power series connection;

2. the folding mechanisms are arranged in series, with every two folding mechanisms being adjacent and connected in the manner shown in fig. 5. The sun wheel shafts (1) of the two folding mechanisms are directly connected through an outer sleeve (13) with internal teeth, and the planet carriers (10) of the two folding mechanisms can be bolted through connecting holes (22);

3. the folding mechanisms are arranged in a hybrid manner. A plurality of folding mechanisms are continuously arranged to form a folding mechanism group, the folding mechanism groups are discretely arranged, and the connection mode is shown in fig. 6: the three folding mechanism units are continuously arranged to form a folding mechanism group, and the two folding mechanism groups are connected through a transmission shaft (16) to form a complete folding mechanism.

Example (c): design of folding variant wing model sample piece of certain project

In the example, the arrangement mode of the folding mechanisms adopts a mixed arrangement, every three folding mechanisms form a folding mechanism group, and the two folding mechanism groups are connected through an outer sleeve (13) and a transmission shaft (16). The motor (15) arranged in the wing panel internal structure transmits output torque to the folding mechanism through a bevel gear commutator (14) to realize the rotating action of the folding mechanism group. An outer side planet carrier (10) of the folding mechanism at the outermost side of the folding mechanism group is bolted with a shell of a bevel gear commutator (14) through mounting holes circumferentially arranged at the bottom of the planet carrier (10).

Fig. 7 shows a photograph of a physical model of a folding mechanism and a static test bench thereof according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 8 shows a photograph of a demonstration model of a folding machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Through ground test, the folding mechanism can realize +/-130-degree folding action and has larger folding moment under the conditions of motor drive and commutator transmission.

Claims

1. A folding mechanism for folding a morphing wing, comprising:

a plurality of folding mechanism units, each folding mechanism unit comprising: a sun wheel shaft (1), a gear ring (2), a planet wheel bearing (3), a planet wheel (4), a hinge shell (5), a gear box sealing cover (6), a planet carrier shaft (7), a hinge bearing (8), an oil-proof cover (9), a planet carrier (10), a sun wheel shaft bearing (11) and a dust-proof cover (12),

wherein:

the hinge housing (5), the gear box sealing cover (6), the planet carrier (10) and the hinge bearing (8) belong to a hinge mechanism which provides the rotation freedom degree of the folding mechanism,

the planet wheel bearing (3) is nested in the planet wheel (4), the planet carrier shaft (7) is nested in the inner ring of the planet wheel bearing (3) to ensure that the planet wheel (4) freely rotates around the planet carrier shaft (7),

both ends of the planet carrier shaft (7) are inserted into the mounting holes (21) of the planet carrier (10) and are fixed by bolt gaskets so as to ensure that the axes of the planet wheels (4), the planet carrier shaft (7) and the planet carrier (10) have the same rotating angular speed around the axis of the hinge bearing (8),

the gear ring (2) and the hinge shell (5) are fixed through keys and key slots to ensure that the gear ring (2) and the hinge shell (5) are relatively static,

both ends of the sun wheel shaft (1) penetrate through the inner ring of the sun wheel shaft bearing (11), the sun wheel shaft bearing (11) is embedded into the mounting hole at the center of the planet carrier (10) to ensure that the axis of the sun wheel shaft (1) is coincident with the axis of the hinge,

the gear box sealing cover (6) is embedded into the hinge shell (5) and fixed through bolts, a circle of groove mounting rubber sealing ring is arranged at the bottom of the gear box sealing cover (6),

the dustproof cover (12) and the oil-proof cover (9) are fixed on the planet carrier (10) through bolts,

the dustproof cover (12) clamps the sun gear shaft bearing (11), the sun gear shaft bearing (11) clamps the shaft shoulder of the sun gear shaft to realize the axial positioning of the sun gear shaft (1),

the hinge housing (5) is connected with a fixed wing section (23) of the folding morphing wing,

the planet carrier (10) is connected with a folding wing section (24) of the folding variant wing,

an electric motor (15) is arranged in the fixed wing panel (23),

a bevel gear commutator (14), the motor (15) transmits the output torque to the folding mechanism through the bevel gear commutator (14) so as to drive the folding wing sections (24) to rotate relative to the fixed wing sections (23),

the planetary gear train enables the torque required by driving the folding wing sections (24) to be provided by the input torque of the sun gear shaft (1) and the supporting and counter torque of the fixed wing section (23) structure, and the input torque and the torque provided by the supporting and counter torque are in the same direction.

2. The folding mechanism of a folding morphing wing of claim 1, wherein: the axial positioning of the planet wheel bearing (3) is provided by a shaft shoulder of the planet carrier shaft (7) and the clamp spring, and the planet wheel bearing (3) clamps an inner side shoulder of the planet wheel (4) to realize the axial positioning of the planet wheel (4).

3. The folding mechanism of a folding morphing wing of claim 1, wherein:

the planet carrier shaft (7) and the planet carrier (10) are locked through bolts to clamp the hinge bearing (8) and the hinge shell (5) to form the hinge mechanism.

4. The folding mechanism for folding a morphing wing of claim 1, wherein:

the dustproof cover (12), the oil-proof cover (9) and the hole wall of the central hole of the gear box sealing cover (6) are all provided with a trapezoidal groove which is used for arranging sealing materials,

the gear train requires the use of lubricating oil and/or grease, and the gear box seal cover (6) is bolted to the hinge housing (5) and clamps the rubber seal.

5. The folding mechanism for folding a morphing wing of claim 1, wherein:

the axial position fixing of the gear ring (2) and the hinge shell (5) is realized by bolting and extruding the gear box sealing cover (6) and the hinge shell (5).

6. The folding mechanism of any of claims 1-5, wherein the plurality of folding mechanism units are arranged in an arrangement selected from the group consisting of:

the folding mechanism units are arranged in a discrete mode, the adjacent two folding mechanism units are not abutted, and a sun wheel shaft (1) between the adjacent two folding mechanism units is coupled through a transmission shaft (16) and an outer sleeve (13) with internal teeth, so that power series connection is realized;

a continuous arrangement in which two adjacent folding mechanism units abut against each other, the sun gear shafts (1) of the two adjacent folding mechanism units are directly coupled by an outer sleeve (13) with internal teeth, and the planet carriers (10) of the two folding mechanisms can be bolted by a connecting hole (22);

a hybrid arrangement in which several folding mechanisms are arranged adjacent to one another in one folding mechanism group, several folding mechanism groups are arranged non-adjacent to one another, and two adjacent folding mechanism groups are coupled to one another by a drive shaft (16).