CN112109878A - A folding mechanism suitable for folding variant wings - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a folding mechanism suitable for folding morphing wings. The invention is characterized by a low drive torque of the folding mechanism and by modularity of the folding mechanism for installation and maintenance. The folding mechanism provided by the invention comprises: the oil-proof gearbox comprises a sun wheel shaft (1), a gear ring (2), a planet wheel bearing (3), a planet wheel (4), a hinge shell (5), a gear box sealing cover (6), a planet carrier shaft (7), a hinge bearing (8), an oil-proof cover (9), a planet carrier (10), a sun wheel shaft bearing (11), a dust-proof cover (12) and an outer sleeve (13). The folding mechanism adopts the planetary gear train, transmits torque through a high pair of gear engagement, and reduces the driving torque of the mechanism for realizing folding action by utilizing the characteristic of high reduction ratio of the planetary gear train. When the wing load is large, the load of each folding mechanism can be reduced in a mode that a plurality of folding mechanisms are connected in parallel. The folding mechanism is easy to install, compact in structure, large in torque, strong in adaptability and suitable for folding mechanisms of wings of various shipboard aircrafts and folding morphing aircrafts.

Description

A folding mechanism suitable for folding variant wings

technical field

The present invention relates to a folding mechanism suitable for folding variant wings.

Background technique

For traditional aircraft, it is difficult to achieve excellent low-speed flight performance and high-speed flight performance at the same time. The working environment of high-speed aircraft is high dynamic pressure, so it does not need a large wing area and wing thickness to maintain flight. In order to reduce drag, high-speed aircraft usually have a smaller aspect ratio, lower wing thickness, and the leading edge of the wing is mostly pointed to reduce shock resistance; while low-speed aircraft work environment with low dynamic pressure, in order to ensure lift , requires a larger aspect ratio and a larger wing thickness to ensure that the aircraft has a larger wing area and a larger lift coefficient.

Folding-wing variant aircraft is a variant aircraft that significantly changes the effective area of the wing, the effective infiltration area and other wing geometric parameters by folding the wings. Changes in wing geometric parameters such as aspect ratio and effective sweep angle will lead to changes in aerodynamic characteristics such as lift coefficient, lift-drag ratio, and vertical stability of the entire aircraft, thereby changing the flight envelope of the aircraft, and finally realizing the expansion of aircraft flight. The envelope, the goal of increasing the effective working environment of the aircraft.

The wings of the folding variant aircraft are divided into three sections, and the two sections of the wings are connected by hinges, which can realize the folding movement of the wings. The actuators for wing folding can be divided into mechanical actuators, memory alloy actuators, and piezoelectric actuators. Among them, mechanical actuators are relatively mature and are widely used in carrier-based aircraft wing folding machines. However, these mechanisms The bearing capacity of the airfoil is poor, and the coupling with the wing structure is serious, which is not conducive to the maintenance and replacement of the mechanism.

Therefore, there is a need to develop a wing folding mechanism suitable for folding variant aircraft, with low driving torque, compact structure, modularity, and easy to retrofit on existing flight platforms to convert existing models into folding variants model. The purpose of stable and controllable folding deformation of the folding wing is finally achieved.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Aiming at the difficulty in designing the folding mechanism of the foldable variant aircraft, the present invention provides a folding mechanism suitable for foldable variant wings, which is simple in installation and maintenance, has low driving torque, does not affect the body structure, and has certain versatility.

The main considerations on which the present invention is based include:

The folding mechanism based on the planetary gear train is required to be designed to achieve stable and continuous folding function; the folding mechanism is required to have a certain reduction ratio, so that the driving torque of the mechanism is small; the parallel operation of multiple folding mechanisms is required to achieve continuous load. Distributed force transmission; the mechanical interface of the folding mechanism is required to be simple and easy to install, and the folding mechanism can transform any wing with a suitable mechanical interface.

According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a folding mechanism for folding variant wings, characterized by comprising:

Sun gear shaft, gear ring, planetary gear bearing, planetary gear, hinge housing, gear box sealing cover, planet carrier shaft, hinge bearing, oil proof cover, planet carrier, sun gear shaft bearing, dust cover,

in:

The hinge housing, the gear box sealing cover, the planet carrier and the hinge bearing belong to a hinge mechanism, which provides the rotational freedom of the folding mechanism,

The planetary gear bearing is nested in the planetary gear, and the planetary carrier shaft is nested in the inner ring of the planetary gear bearing to ensure that the planetary gear rotates freely around the planetary carrier shaft.

Both ends of the planet carrier shaft are inserted into the mounting holes of the planet carrier, and are fixed by bolt washers to ensure that the axis of the planet wheel, the axis of the planet carrier shaft and the axis of the planet carrier around the hinge bearing have the same rotational angular velocity.

The toothed ring and the hinge housing are fixed by keys and keyways to ensure that the toothed ring and the hinge housing are relatively stationary.

Both ends of the sun gear shaft pass through the inner ring of the sun gear shaft bearing, and the sun gear shaft bearing is embedded in the mounting hole in the center of the planet carrier to ensure that the axis of the sun gear shaft coincides with the hinge axis,

The gear box sealing cover is embedded in the hinge shell and fixed by bolts. There is a groove at the bottom of the gear box sealing cover to install the rubber sealing ring.

The dust cover and oil cover are fixed on the planet carrier by bolts,

The dust cover clamps the sun gear shaft bearing, and the sun gear shaft bearing clamps the shoulder of the sun gear shaft to realize the axial positioning of the sun gear shaft.

The hinged shell is connected to the fixed wing segment of the folding variant wing,

The planet carrier is connected to the folded wing segment of the folded variant wing,

A motor is arranged in the fixed wing section,

When the motor drives the sun gear shaft to rotate, the planet carrier is driven to rotate through the transmission of the planetary gear train including the sun gear shaft, the gear ring and the planetary gear, thereby driving the folded wing segment to rotate relative to the fixed wing segment.

The planetary gear train enables the torque required to drive the folded wing segments to be provided by the input torque of the sun gear shaft and the support and reaction torque of the fixed wing segment structure, and the input torque and the torque provided by the support and reaction torque are in the same direction.

The advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention include:

1) The gear train in the folding mechanism is arranged in the cavity of the hinge, which makes the whole folding mechanism more compact, saves space, and is easy to arrange;

2) The planetary gear train in the mechanism provides a large reduction ratio, which reduces the driving torque of the folding mechanism, that is, reduces the power demand of the motor, thereby reducing the weight and size of the motor;

3) The folding mechanism can be arranged in parallel, and the length of the folding mechanism can be lengthened through the coupling of multiple folding mechanism units, or arranged in any way to adapt to different wing structures. ;

4) The connection between the folding mechanism and the wing structure is connected by the lug bolts at the end of the mechanism and the wing structure. The connection method is simple, and the installation space required by the folding mechanism is only in the folding position, and there is no interference with the wings, which is easy to fold the mechanism. installation, replacement and maintenance.

5) The shell of the folding mechanism has bearing capacity, and the skin at the folded part of the wing and its supporting structure can be directly arranged on the shell of the folding mechanism without additional supporting structure.

The main application objects of the present invention include folding variant aircraft wing folding mechanisms, and can also be used for carrier-based aircraft wing folding mechanisms.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is an external schematic diagram of a folding mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an internal planetary gear train of a folding mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.

3 is a cross-sectional view of a partial structure of a folding mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a connection of a discrete arrangement scheme of a parallel arrangement according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the connection of a serial arrangement scheme of a parallel arrangement according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a hybrid arrangement of a folding mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a picture of the actual folding mechanism unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a driving test of a folding mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions of the specific implementation of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Aiming at the difficulty in designing the folding mechanism of the foldable variant aircraft, the present invention provides a folding mechanism suitable for foldable variant wings, which is simple in installation and maintenance, has low driving torque, does not affect the body structure, and has certain versatility.

As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 3, an embodiment according to the present invention is characterized in that the folding mechanism includes:

Sun gear shaft (1), gear ring (2), planetary gear bearing (3), planetary gear (4), hinge housing (5), gear box sealing cover (6), planet carrier shaft (7), hinge bearing (8) ), oil-proof cover (9), planet carrier (10), sun gear shaft bearing (11), dust-proof cover (12),

in:

The hinge housing (5), the gear box sealing cover (6), the planet carrier (10) and the hinge bearing (8) belong to a hinge mechanism, which provides the rotational freedom of the folding mechanism.

The installation relationship of each component in the folding mechanism is shown in Figure 3. The planetary gear bearing (3) is nested in the planetary gear (4), and the planet carrier shaft (7) is nested in the inner ring of the planetary gear bearing (3) to ensure that the planetary gear (4) revolves around the planetary carrier shaft (7) Free rotation. Both ends of the planetary wheel shaft are inserted into the mounting holes (21) of the planet carrier (10), and are fixed by bolt washers (not shown). This installation relationship ensures that the axis of the planet wheel (4), the axis of the planet carrier shaft (7) and the planet carrier (10) have the same rotational angular velocity around the axis of the hinge bearing (8).

The toothed ring (2) and the hinge housing (5) are fixed by a key and a keyway to ensure that the toothed ring (2) and the hinge housing (5) are relatively stationary.

Both ends of the sun gear shaft (1) pass through the inner ring of the sun gear shaft bearing (11), and the sun gear shaft bearing (11) is embedded in the mounting hole in the center of the planet carrier (10) to ensure that the axis of the sun gear shaft (1) coincides with the hinge axis.

The gear box sealing cover (6) is embedded in the hinge housing (5) and fixed by bolts, and the bottom of the gear box sealing cover (6) is provided with a groove for installing a rubber sealing ring. The dust-proof cover (12) and the oil-proof cover (9) are fixed on the planet carrier (10) by bolts. Trapezoidal groove, sealing material such as felt can be arranged in the trapezoidal groove.

The connection relationship between the folding mechanism and the wings is shown in Figure 6, the hinge housing (5) is connected with the fixed wing segment (23), and the planet carrier (10) is connected with the folding wing segment (24). The motor is arranged in the fixed wing section (23). When the motor drives the sun gear shaft (1) to rotate, the planet carrier (10) is driven to rotate through the transmission of the planetary gear train, that is, the folded wing segment (24) rotates relative to the fixed wing segment (23). Due to the characteristics of the planetary gear train, the torque required by the folding mechanism to drive the folded wing segments (24) is provided by the input torque of the sun gear shaft (1) and the supporting torque of the fixed wing segment (23) structure. The torque provided by the two is in the same direction, and the magnitude of the torque provided by the two is related to the gear ratio of the three parts of the ring gear (2), the planetary gear (4), and the sun gear shaft (1).

When multiple folding mechanisms are used in parallel, the position of each folding mechanism has been determined according to the positions of the fixed wing segment (23) and the folding wing segment (24) and the positions of the mechanical interfaces of the two wing segments, and the arrangement of the folding mechanisms is divided into three situations. :

1. The folding mechanism is discretely arranged, and the connection method is shown in Figure 4. Every two folding mechanisms are not adjacent to each other, and the sun gear shaft (1) between the two folding mechanisms is connected by a rotating shaft (16) and an outer sleeve (13) with internal teeth to realize power series connection;

2. The folding mechanisms are arranged continuously, and every two folding mechanisms are adjacent to each other, and the connection method is shown in Figure 5. The sun gear shafts (1) of the two folding mechanisms are directly connected through an outer sleeve (13) with internal teeth, and the planet carriers (10) of the two folding mechanisms can be bolted through the connecting holes (22);

3. Mixed arrangement of folding mechanisms. Multiple folding mechanisms are continuously arranged to form a folding mechanism group, and the folding mechanism groups are discretely arranged. The connection method is shown in Figure 6: three folding mechanism units are continuously arranged to form a folding mechanism group. ) is connected to form a complete folding mechanism.

Example: Design of a folded variant wing model prototype for a project

In this example, the arrangement of the folding mechanisms adopts a mixed arrangement, every three folding mechanisms constitute a folding mechanism group, and the two folding mechanism groups are connected by the outer sleeve (13) and the transmission shaft (16). The motor (15) arranged in the inner structure of the wing segment transmits the output torque to the folding mechanism through the bevel gear commutator (14), so as to realize the rotation action of the folding mechanism group. The outer planet carrier (10) of the outermost folding mechanism of the folding mechanism group is bolted to the housing of the bevel gear commutator (14) through the mounting holes arranged circumferentially at the bottom of the planet carrier (10).

FIG. 7 shows a photo of a physical model of a folding mechanism and its static test bench according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 8 shows a photo of a demonstration model of a folding machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.

After the ground test, the folding mechanism can achieve a folding action of ±130° and has a large folding torque under the condition of motor drive and commutator transmission.

Claims (6)

1. A folding mechanism for folding a variant wing, characterized in that it comprises: Sun gear shaft (1), gear ring (2), planetary gear bearing (3), planetary gear (4), hinge housing (5), gear box sealing cover (6), planet carrier shaft (7), hinge bearing (8) ), oil-proof cover (9), planet carrier (10), sun gear shaft bearing (11), dust-proof cover (12), in: The hinge housing (5), the gear box sealing cover (6), the planet carrier (10) and the hinge bearing (8) belong to a hinge mechanism, which provides the rotational freedom of the folding mechanism, The planetary gear bearing (3) is nested in the planetary gear (4), and the planet carrier shaft (7) is nested in the inner ring of the planetary gear bearing (3) to ensure that the planetary gear (4) revolves around the planetary carrier shaft (7) free rotation, Both ends of the planet carrier shaft (7) are inserted into the mounting holes (21) of the planet carrier (10), and are fixed by bolt washers to ensure the axis of the planet wheel (4), the axis of the planet carrier shaft (7) and the planetary The rotational angular velocity of the frame (10) around the axis of the hinge bearing (8) is the same, The toothed ring (2) and the hinge housing (5) are fixed by keys and keyways to ensure that the toothed ring (2) and the hinge housing (5) are relatively stationary. Both ends of the sun gear shaft (1) pass through the inner ring of the sun gear shaft bearing (11), and the sun gear shaft bearing (11) is embedded in the mounting hole in the center of the planet carrier (10) to ensure that the axis of the sun gear shaft (1) coincides with the hinge axis, The gear box sealing cover (6) is embedded in the hinge housing (5) and fixed by bolts. There is a groove at the bottom of the gear box sealing cover (6) to install the rubber sealing ring. The dust cover (12) and the oil proof cover (9) are fixed on the planet carrier (10) by bolts, The dust cover (12) clamps the sun gear shaft bearing (11), and the sun gear shaft bearing (11) clamps the shaft shoulder of the sun gear shaft to realize the axial positioning of the sun gear shaft (1). The hinged shell (5) is connected to the fixed wing section (23) of the folding variant wing, The planet carrier (10) is connected to the folded wing section (24) of the folded variant wing, A motor is arranged in the fixed wing section (23), When the motor drives the sun gear shaft (1) to rotate, the planet carrier (10) is driven to rotate through the transmission of the planetary gear train including the sun gear shaft (1), the gear ring (2) and the planetary gear (4), thereby driving the folding wing segments (24) rotates relative to the fixed wing segment (23), The planetary gear train makes the torque required to drive the folding wing segment (24) provided by the input torque of the sun gear shaft (1) and the support reaction torque of the fixed wing segment (23) structure, and the input torque and the support reaction torque provide the same torque. Towards. 2. The folding mechanism of the folding variant wing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The axial positioning of the planetary wheel bearing (3) is provided by the shoulder of the planet carrier shaft (7) and the retaining spring, and the planetary wheel bearing (3) clamps the inner shoulder of the planetary wheel (4) to realize the Axial positioning. 3. The folding mechanism of the folding variant wing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planet carrier shaft (7) and the planet carrier (10) are locked by bolts, and the hinge bearing (8) and the hinge housing (5) are clamped to form the hinge mechanism. 4. The folding mechanism of the folding variant wing according to claim 1, characterized in that: Trapezoidal grooves are formed in the hole walls of the center hole of the dust cover (12), the oil proof cover (9) and the gear box sealing cover (6). The trapezoidal groove is used for arranging the sealing material. The gear train requires lubricating oil (grease), and the gear box sealing cover (6) is bolted to the hinge housing (5) and clamps the rubber sealing ring. 5. The folding mechanism of the folding variant wing according to claim 1, wherein the axial position of the gear ring (2) and the hinge housing (5) is fixed by the gear box sealing cover (6) and the hinge The shell (5) is bolted and squeezed. 6. A folded portion of a foldable variant wing comprising a plurality of folding mechanisms according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the arrangement of the plurality of folding mechanisms comprises an arrangement selected from the following arrangements A sort of: Discrete arrangement, wherein two adjacent folding mechanisms are not adjacent, and the sun gear shaft (1) between two adjacent folding mechanisms passes through a rotating shaft (16) and an outer sleeve (13) with internal teeth ) coupling to realize power series connection; Continuous arrangement, in which two adjacent folding mechanisms are adjacent to each other, the sun gear shafts (1) of the two adjacent folding mechanisms are directly connected through an outer sleeve (13) with internal teeth, and the planet carriers of the two folding mechanisms (10) can be bolted through the connecting hole (22); A hybrid arrangement, wherein several folding mechanisms are arranged adjacent to each other to form a folding mechanism group, a plurality of folding mechanism groups are arranged non-adjacent to each other, and two adjacent folding mechanism groups are connected by a transmission shaft (16).

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