CN112109512B - 车辆悬架系统 - Google Patents

车辆悬架系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112109512B
CN112109512B CN202010573703.9A CN202010573703A CN112109512B CN 112109512 B CN112109512 B CN 112109512B CN 202010573703 A CN202010573703 A CN 202010573703A CN 112109512 B CN112109512 B CN 112109512B
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fluid
strut
displacement
hydraulic
piston
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CN112109512A (zh
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迈克尔·纽斯特德
马克斯·奥康奈尔
菲利普·库伊斯
奥斯卡·菲奥里诺托
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Power Engineering Solutions Ltd
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Power Engineering Solutions Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G17/00Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
    • B60G17/02Spring characteristics, e.g. mechanical springs and mechanical adjusting means
    • B60G17/04Spring characteristics, e.g. mechanical springs and mechanical adjusting means fluid spring characteristics
    • B60G17/0416Spring characteristics, e.g. mechanical springs and mechanical adjusting means fluid spring characteristics regulated by varying the resiliency of hydropneumatic suspensions
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G17/00Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
    • B60G17/06Characteristics of dampers, e.g. mechanical dampers
    • B60G17/08Characteristics of fluid dampers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G15/00Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type
    • B60G15/08Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having fluid spring
    • B60G15/12Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having fluid spring and fluid damper
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G13/00Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of vibration dampers
    • B60G13/02Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of vibration dampers having dampers dissipating energy, e.g. frictionally
    • B60G13/06Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of vibration dampers having dampers dissipating energy, e.g. frictionally of fluid type
    • B60G13/08Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of vibration dampers having dampers dissipating energy, e.g. frictionally of fluid type hydraulic
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G17/00Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
    • B60G17/015Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements
    • B60G17/019Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements characterised by the type of sensor or the arrangement thereof
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G17/00Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
    • B60G17/02Spring characteristics, e.g. mechanical springs and mechanical adjusting means
    • B60G17/04Spring characteristics, e.g. mechanical springs and mechanical adjusting means fluid spring characteristics
    • B60G17/052Pneumatic spring characteristics
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G17/00Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
    • B60G17/02Spring characteristics, e.g. mechanical springs and mechanical adjusting means
    • B60G17/04Spring characteristics, e.g. mechanical springs and mechanical adjusting means fluid spring characteristics
    • B60G17/056Regulating distributors or valves for hydropneumatic systems
    • B60G17/0565Height adjusting valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/06Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using both gas and liquid
    • F16F9/063Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using both gas and liquid comprising a hollow piston rod
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/06Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using both gas and liquid
    • F16F9/064Units characterised by the location or shape of the expansion chamber
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32Details
    • F16F9/3292Sensor arrangements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32Details
    • F16F9/43Filling or drainage arrangements, e.g. for supply of gas
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32Details
    • F16F9/56Means for adjusting the length of, or for locking, the spring or damper, e.g. at the end of the stroke
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01FMEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F3/00Measuring the volume flow of fluids or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through the meter in successive and more or less isolated quantities, the meter being driven by the flow
    • G01F3/02Measuring the volume flow of fluids or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through the meter in successive and more or less isolated quantities, the meter being driven by the flow with measuring chambers which expand or contract during measurement
    • G01F3/04Measuring the volume flow of fluids or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through the meter in successive and more or less isolated quantities, the meter being driven by the flow with measuring chambers which expand or contract during measurement having rigid movable walls
    • G01F3/14Measuring the volume flow of fluids or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through the meter in successive and more or less isolated quantities, the meter being driven by the flow with measuring chambers which expand or contract during measurement having rigid movable walls comprising reciprocating pistons, e.g. reciprocating in a rotating body
    • G01F3/16Measuring the volume flow of fluids or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through the meter in successive and more or less isolated quantities, the meter being driven by the flow with measuring chambers which expand or contract during measurement having rigid movable walls comprising reciprocating pistons, e.g. reciprocating in a rotating body in stationary cylinders
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2202/00Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator
    • B60G2202/10Type of spring
    • B60G2202/15Fluid spring
    • B60G2202/152Pneumatic spring
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2202/00Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator
    • B60G2202/20Type of damper
    • B60G2202/24Fluid damper
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2202/00Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator
    • B60G2202/30Spring/Damper and/or actuator Units
    • B60G2202/32The spring being in series with the damper and/or actuator
    • B60G2202/322The spring being in series with the damper and/or actuator the damper being controllable
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/40Auxiliary suspension parts; Adjustment of suspensions
    • B60G2204/47Means for retracting the suspension
    • B60G2204/4702Means for retracting the suspension pneumatically
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/62Adjustable continuously, e.g. during driving
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2206/00Indexing codes related to the manufacturing of suspensions: constructional features, the materials used, procedures or tools
    • B60G2206/01Constructional features of suspension elements, e.g. arms, dampers, springs
    • B60G2206/40Constructional features of dampers and/or springs
    • B60G2206/41Dampers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2400/00Indexing codes relating to detected, measured or calculated conditions or factors
    • B60G2400/25Stroke; Height; Displacement
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2400/00Indexing codes relating to detected, measured or calculated conditions or factors
    • B60G2400/25Stroke; Height; Displacement
    • B60G2400/252Stroke; Height; Displacement vertical
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2400/00Indexing codes relating to detected, measured or calculated conditions or factors
    • B60G2400/50Pressure
    • B60G2400/51Pressure in suspension unit
    • B60G2400/518Pressure in suspension unit in damper
    • B60G2400/5182Fluid damper
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2401/00Indexing codes relating to the type of sensors based on the principle of their operation
    • B60G2401/17Magnetic/Electromagnetic
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
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    • B60G2500/00Indexing codes relating to the regulated action or device
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60G2500/00Indexing codes relating to the regulated action or device
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60G2500/00Indexing codes relating to the regulated action or device
    • B60G2500/30Height or ground clearance
    • B60G2500/302Height or ground clearance using distributor valves
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
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    • B60G2600/18Automatic control means
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60G2800/00Indexing codes relating to the type of movement or to the condition of the vehicle and to the end result to be achieved by the control action
    • B60G2800/20Stationary vehicle
    • B60G2800/202Stationary vehicle kneeling, e.g. for letting passengers on/off
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2800/00Indexing codes relating to the type of movement or to the condition of the vehicle and to the end result to be achieved by the control action
    • B60G2800/90System Controller type
    • B60G2800/91Suspension Control
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2230/00Purpose; Design features
    • F16F2230/08Sensor arrangement

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)

Abstract

一种车辆悬架系统,该车辆悬架系统包括:液压气动支柱,该液压气动支柱包括流体接口,其中,液压流体经由流体接口向支柱的供应引起支柱的总长度增加,并且液压流体经由流体接口的收回引起支柱的总长度减小;第一位移系统,该第一位移系统与流体接口流体连通,能够向支柱供应流体和从支柱收回流体,而且能够测量向支柱供应的流体或从支柱收回的流体的体积;第二位移系统,该第二位移系统与流体接口流体连通;以及液压流体源,该液压流体源用于经由第一位移系统或第二位移系统选择性地向液压气动支柱供应液压流体或从液压气动支柱收回液压流体。

Description

车辆悬架系统
优先权文献
本申请要求标题为“VEHICLE SUSPENSION SYSTEM(车辆悬架系统)”,于2019年6月20日提交的申请号2019902161的澳大利亚临时专利的优先权,在此以引证的方式将该申请的内容全文并入。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种车辆悬架系统。在特定形式中,本发明涉及一种可调节的液压气动车辆悬架系统。
背景技术
车辆悬架系统通常包括弹簧和液压减震器或支柱。虽然在许多示例中,弹簧为线性缠绕的盘簧、片簧或扭杆的形式,但另一示例使用气动弹簧(该气动弹簧使用气体体积作为弹性介质)结合液压减震器或支柱(通常被称为液压气动支柱)。
期望的是车辆悬架系统能够静态地调平悬架高度。该功能意味着车辆可以降低或升高以允许空气动力学优点、增加离地间隙、乘客/货物装载、降低总车高以便确保头顶间隙、或响应于可变负荷的行车调平。
还期望的是车辆悬架系统能够补偿车辆的自然侧倾、俯仰以及起伏运动,而且能够通过在道路障碍物上提升或降低各个车轮而用于“天钩(Skyhook)”系统中,以便减少乘客的不适。
在此背景下开发了本公开。
发明内容
根据第一方面,提供了一种车辆悬架系统,该车辆悬架系统包括:液压气动支柱,该液压气动支柱包括流体接口,其中,液压流体经由流体接口向支柱的供应引起支柱的总长度增加,并且液压流体经由流体接口的收回引起支柱的总长度减小;第一位移系统,该第一位移系统与流体接口流体连通,能够向支柱供应流体和从支柱收回流体,而且能够测量向支柱供应的流体或从支柱收回的流体的体积;第二位移系统,该第二位移系统与流体接口流体连通;以及液压流体源,该液压流体源用于经由第一位移系统或第二位移系统选择性地向液压气动支柱供应液压流体或从液压气动支柱收回液压流体。
在一种形式中,车辆悬架系统还被构造为选择性地将第一位移系统或第二位移系统连接到液压流体源。
在一种形式中,液压气动支柱还包括与流体接口连接的减震筒和活塞组件,该活塞组件包括可滑动地保持在减震筒内的活塞、用于驱动减震筒内的活塞的活塞杆以及位于活塞杆内的气动弹簧,气动弹簧包括填充有气体的气室和可滑动地保持在活塞杆内并且被构造为分离液压流体和气体的分离活塞,并且其中,流体到减震筒的供应或从减震筒的收回引起活塞组件相对于减震筒的位移,这导致支柱的总长度的增加或减小。
在一种形式中,液压气动支柱还包括用于主动控制碰撞减震特性和反弹减震特性的手段。
在一种形式中,第一位移系统用于响应于道路状况主动地使活塞组件位移,并且第二位移系统用于控制活塞组件的静态位移。
在一种形式中,第一位移系统为体积位移系统的形式,该体积位移系统包括:缸筒,该缸筒包括与液压流体源流体连通的第一流体接口和与支柱的流体接口流体连通的第二流体接口;活塞,该活塞可滑动地保持在缸筒内,并且被构造为响应于液压减震器中的流体位移而在第一流体接口与第二流体接口之间沿着缸筒的长度移动;以及传感器,该传感器用于检测位移活塞在缸筒内的位置,其中,流体从支柱的收回将引起位移活塞朝向第一流体接口移动,并且流体向支柱的供应将引起位移活塞朝向第二流体接口移动,使得根据位移活塞在缸筒内的位置能够计算供应到支柱的流体或从支柱收回的流体的体积。
在一种形式中,体积位移系统还包括用于测量支柱中的液压压力的压力传感器。
在一种形式中,车辆悬架系统还包括液压系统,该液压系统用于向第一流体位移系统和第二流体位移系统供应流体和从第一流体位移系统和第二流体位移系统收回流体,该液压系统被构造为可调节地控制液压流体向第一位移系统和第二位移系统的供应和从第一位移系统和第二位移系统的收回。
在一种形式中,液压系统包括液压压力源和液压贮存器,并且其中,液压流体通过液压压力源供应到支柱,并且从支柱收回到液压贮存器。
根据第二方面,提供了一种体积位移系统,该体积位移系统用于测量液压气动支柱中的液压流体的体积位移,系统包括:缸筒,该缸筒包括与液压流体源流体连通的第一流体接口和与支柱流体连通的第二流体接口;活塞,该活塞可滑动地保持在缸筒内,并且被构造为响应于支柱中的流体位移而在第一流体接口与第二流体接口之间沿着缸筒的长度移动;以及传感器,该传感器用于检测活塞在缸筒内的位置,其中,支柱中的液压流体的体积的减小将引起位移活塞朝向第一流体接口移动,并且支柱中的液压流体的体积的增大将引起位移活塞朝向第二流体接口移动。
附图说明
将参照附图讨论本发明的实施方式,附图中:
图1是根据实施方式的车辆悬架系统的示意图;
图2是根据实施方式的液压气动支柱的侧视图;
图3是液压气动支柱的剖视图;
图4是处于降低状态的液压气动支柱的侧视图;
图5是处于降低状态的液压气动支柱的剖视图;
图6是处于伸展状态的液压气动支柱的侧视图;
图7是处于伸展状态的液压气动支柱的剖视图;
图8是反弹中的液压气动支柱的剖视图;
图9是碰撞中的液压气动支柱的剖视图;
图10是根据实施方式的体积位移系统的透视图;
图11是图10的体积位移系统的剖视图;
图12是体积位移系统的剖视图,其中,位移活塞已经响应于流体从液压气动支柱的去除而移动;以及
图13是体积位移系统的剖视图,其中,位移活塞已经响应于流体从液压气动支柱的供应而移动。
具体实施方式
现在参照图1,示出了根据实施方式的车辆悬架系统的示意图,该悬架系统包括液压气动支柱100(如图2至图9所示),该液压气动支柱包括:减震筒101,该减震筒101容纳流体(诸如液压油);流体接口107,该流体接口107与减震筒101连接,这允许向减震筒101供应流体或从减震筒101去除流体;以及活塞组件,该活塞组件包括可滑动地保持在减震筒101内的活塞102、用于驱动减震筒101内的活塞102的圆柱形活塞杆103,以及位于活塞杆103内的气动弹簧104,气动弹簧104包括填充有气体(诸如空气或氮气)的气室105和可滑动地保持在活塞杆103内并被构造为分离流体和气体的分离活塞106。将理解,经由流体接口107向减震筒101供应流体或从减震筒101去除流体将引起活塞组件相对于减震筒101的位移,这改变支柱的总长度。
如下面将进一步详细描述的,系统包括与流体接口流体连通的第一位移系统和第二位移系统,其中,第一位移系统能够向支柱供应流体和从支柱收回流体,而且能够测量向支柱供应的流体或从支柱收回的流体的体积,并且负责控制活塞组件的主动位移,并且第二位移系统负责控制活塞的静态位移。如下面将进一步详细描述的,第一位移系统和第二位移系统与液压流体源连接,该液压流体源能够经由第一位移系统或第二位移系统选择性地向支柱供应流体或从支柱收回液压流体。
现在参照图2至图9,其中,进一步详细地示出了液压气动支柱100。可以看出,活塞杆103的顶部的特征在于被构造为固定到车辆底盘的顶部安装件108。同样位于活塞杆103顶部的是被构造为连接到气室105的密封件110和气阀,以便将室充气到期望的操作压力。还可以看出,减振筒101的底部的特征在于被构造为固定到车辆轮轴或车轮组件的底部安装件109。流体接口107也位于减振筒101的底部。还将理解的是,借助于位于活塞杆103的外表面与减震筒101的内表面之间的流体密封件111,防止流体从减震筒101泄漏。
活塞102的特征在于碰撞端口和碰撞垫片(未示出),当活塞在碰撞中移动时,碰撞垫片提供减震阻力。活塞102的特征还在于反弹端口和反弹垫片(未示出),当活塞102在反弹中移动时,反弹垫片提供减震阻力。将理解的是,随着活塞102在碰撞中移动(如图9中最佳示出的),活塞杆103进入减震筒,这减小内部流体体积容量,并且该体积的油被气动弹簧104压缩接纳。相反,随着活塞在反弹中移动(如图8中最佳示出的),活塞杆103从减震筒收回,这增加内部流体体积容量,允许气动弹簧104拉伸。
虽然本发明示教了具有被动减震能力的液压气动支柱,但是将理解的是,也可以采用能够单独且主动调节碰撞和反弹减震特性的可选液压气动支柱,其中,代替特征在于碰撞端口和反弹端口的活塞,碰撞阻力和反弹阻力经由碰撞止回阀和反弹止回阀以及比例减震阀来执行,并且被构造为使得当活塞组件在碰撞中移动时,活塞引起流体通过碰撞减震阀和止回阀,并且当活塞组件在反弹中移动时,活塞引起流体通过反弹减震阀和止回阀。将理解的是,借助于碰撞减震阀和反弹减震阀的可调节性,也可实现支柱的减震特性的主动控制。
虽然本说明书的剩余部分将描述支柱100与液压系统300之间的关系,但是将理解的是,相同的关系适用于替代的支柱和液压系统300之间。
再次参照图1,现在将进一步详细地描述液压系统300。液压系统300包括为泵组件310形式的液压压力源和液压蓄能器320。泵组件310包括液压泵311、将液压泵311连接到贮存器或箱315的卸压阀313。泵组件310的特征在于用于将高压流体供应到系统300的剩余部分的高压出口316、以及用于接收由系统300返回到泵组件310的低压流体的低压入口317。泵组件310的特征还在于止回阀312,该止回阀防止流体从高压出口316返回到泵311。
液压蓄能器320与泵组件310的出口316流体连通,该液压蓄能器存储液压压力以供系统300使用。液压蓄能器320和泵组件两者经由歧管入口332与歧管组件330流体连通,其中,系统中的该点处的压力由入口压力传感器331监测。歧管出口333与泵组件310的入口317流体连通。
歧管组件330经由第一接口338和第二接口339连接到液压气动支柱100。第一接口338和第二接口339将歧管组件分别连接到第一支柱位移系统和第二支柱位移系统。
虽然在所示的实施方式中,歧管组件330连接到两个支柱100,但是将理解的是,在可选实施方式中,取决于应用的包装要求,可以连接更多或更少的支柱。比如,在一个替代实施方式中,各个支柱可以具有其自己的液压压力源和歧管组件。在另外的实施方式中,各个支柱可以利用共用的歧管组件连接到单个液压压力源。
对于连接到歧管组件330的各个液压气动支柱100,歧管组件包括与歧管入口332流体连通的第一控制阀334。第一控制阀334为具有弹簧回位的常闭比例2/2螺线管的形式,其中,在第一位置中(弹簧回位),第一控制阀334关闭,并且在第二位置中(螺线管活动),阀打开。
还提供了与歧管出口333流体连通的第二控制阀336。第二控制阀336也为具有弹簧回位的常闭比例2/2螺线管的形式,其中,在第一位置中(弹簧回位),第二控制阀336关闭,并且在第二位置中(螺线管活动),阀打开。
开关阀337与第一控制阀334和第二控制阀336两者流体连接,用于分别经由第一接口338和第二接口339在第一支柱位移系统与第二支柱位移系统之间切换与歧管组件的流体连通。开关阀337是具有弹簧回位的3/2螺线管。在弹簧回位位置中,开关阀337经由第一接口338将歧管组件330与第一支杆位移系统连接。在螺线管活动位置中,开关阀337经由第二接口339将歧管组件330与第二支柱位移系统连接。
用于控制并监测活塞组件在液压缸筒内的主动位移的第一支柱位移系统为体积位移系统(VDS)200的形式,如图1示意性所示,并且如图10至图13所具体实施。活塞组件的位移(并且因此支柱100的总长度)能够主动调节,以补偿车辆的侧倾、俯仰以及起伏。它也可以在“天钩”系统中用于通过以下方式来减少乘客的不适:允许各个车轮“提升”越过凸起的道路障碍物(诸如减速带),然后将它们向下推回到路面,并且相反地将它们向下推到降低的道路障碍物(诸如坑洼)中,然后允许它们“提升”回到路面。基于来自车辆上部署的各种传感器的反馈,基于由控制系统计算的液压气动支柱100的所需位置,向支柱100供应液压流体或允许液压流体从支柱100位移。
参照图10至图13,可以看出,VDS 200包括填充有流体的细长液压缸筒201,该缸筒201包括处于第一端202处的第一流体接口204和处于其第二端203处的第二流体接口205,其中,第一流体接口204与第一歧管接口338流体连通,并且第二流体接口205与支柱100的流体接口107流体连通。VDS 200的特征还在于:第三接口206,该第三接口206与用于监测支柱100中的液压压力的压力传感器220流体连通;和第四接口210,该第四接口210用于将第二歧管接口连接到支柱100,使得对于第一位移系统和第二位移系统两者,相同的压力传感器可以用于监测支柱100中的液压压力。
如图11至图13所示,位移活塞207可滑动地保持在缸筒201内,并且被构造为响应于缸筒201内的流体位移而沿着同心杆211自由地滑动,该同心杆211沿着缸筒201的长度延伸。将理解的是,随着流体经由第一流体接口204供应到VDS,将朝向第二流体接口205驱动位移活塞207(如图13所示),并且随着流体从支柱收回并经由第二流体接口205供应到VDS,将朝向第一流体接口204驱动位移活塞207(如图12所示)。还将理解的是,无论经由任一接口向VDS供应什么体积的流体,相同体积的流体都将经由另一接口从VDS位移。
VDS 200被构造为借助于传感器磁体208和位置传感器209准确地监测或测量位移活塞207的位置,该传感器磁体208安装到位移活塞207,该位置传感器209能够准确测量磁体208的位置并由此能够准确测量位移活塞207在缸筒201中的位置。将理解的是,对位移活塞207的位移的准确监测为控制系统提供支柱100的自然位置的理论基准,假设没有外部输入。该类型的监测不同于控制系统的当前状态,控制系统仅能够依赖于车轮相对于车身和/或液压压力传感器的测量。
将理解的是,通过监测车身位置和位移活塞207位置这两者,控制系统能够将支柱100的期望位置与支柱的实际位置(作为外部输入的结果)进行比较,并且向支柱100供应流体/从支柱100去除流体,直到实现目标基准为止。通过使用VDS,可以控制相对于行车高程基准的支柱位置或弹簧负荷。还将理解的是,VDS即时提供准确且干净的反馈,而不必过滤来自支柱位置传感器的嘈杂道路输入数据。
还将理解的是,虽然当前实施方式使用磁性来检测位移活塞207的位置,但也可以采用其它方法,诸如在线位置传感器、拉线传感器或光学位置传感器。
为了使用VDS来增加支柱100的长度,停用开关阀337(将其移动到弹簧回位位置),使得VDS 200经由第一歧管接口338与歧管组件300流体连通。然后,启动第一控制阀334,使得流体从高压入口332供应到VDS 200的第一接口204,这引起位移活塞207的位移以及流体从VDS 200的第二接口205到支柱100的流体接口107的输出,导致活塞组件的位移和支柱100的变长。一旦位移活塞207到达其目标位置,就停用第一控制阀334。
为了使用VDS来减小支柱100的长度,停用开关阀337(将其移动到弹簧回位位置),使得VDS 200经由第一歧管接口338与歧管组件330流体连通。然后,启动第二控制阀336,使得流体能够借助于车辆的重量而从支柱100排出,这导致支柱的长度减小。流体从支柱100的流体接口107排出,进入到VDS 200的第二接口205中,这引起位移活塞207的位移以及流体从VDS 200的第一接口204到歧管组件300的输出,在岐管组件300中,流体经由歧管出口333返回到泵组件310。
虽然在所示的实施方式中,通过使用VDS 200来实现测量以及流体向支柱的供应/从支柱的收回。但将理解的是,也能够测量所供应/收回的流体体积的替代实施方式(诸如流量计或通过基于所存储的压力和阀已经打开多远来计算流量)也是合适的。
第二支柱位移系统用于控制活塞组件在液压缸筒内的静态(行车高度)位移。静态行车高度调节意味着支柱的长度被降低或升高,以允许空气动力学优点、增加离地间隙、乘客/货物装载、为了间隙降低总车高或响应于可变的静止车辆负荷的行车调平。
第二支柱位移系统包括第二歧管接口339与支柱100的流体接口107之间的直接连接。
静态行车高度的控制通过使用一个或多个车身位置传感器(诸如控制臂传感器、线性电位计或光学传感器)来实现,这些车身位置传感器向控制系统提供关于车轮与车身之间的距离(即支柱的长度)的反馈。液压流体直接供应到支柱100或直接从支柱去除,直到实现期望的行车高度为止。
为了经由第二支柱位移系统增加支柱100的静态行车高度,启动开关阀337,使得支柱100经由第二歧管接口339与歧管组件330直接流体连通。然后,启动第一控制阀334,使得从高压入口332供应流体。一旦车辆达到其期望的行车高度,停用第一控制阀334。
为了经由第二支柱位移系统降低支柱100的静态行车高度,启动开关阀337,使得支柱100经由第二歧管接口339与歧管组件330直接流体连通。然后,启动第二控制阀336,使得流体能够经由歧管出口333排出。一旦车辆达到其期望的行车高度,停用第二控制阀336。
将理解的是,借助于第一控制阀334和第二控制阀336的可调节性,能够控制流体向支柱100供应的速率/从支柱100去除的速率以及支柱长度增加/减小的对应速率,以实现对外部输入的必要响应。
还将理解的是,通过具有用于静态行车高度和主动位移的单独的位移控制系统,位移活塞能够快速且准确地返回到基准位置,而不影响行车高度或支柱负荷。
还将理解的是,其它功能可以是可能的,诸如通过启动第一控制阀334和第二控制阀336两者来允许释放液压系统300内存储的压力。
将理解的是,以上公开内容提供了一种车辆悬架系统,该车辆悬架系统能够进行独立的行车调平和每个支柱的动态致动,同时借助于第一流体位移系统和第二流体位移系统提供对支柱位置和命令力的准确控制。
虽然仅描述了一个支柱的控制,但是将理解,完整的车辆悬架系统将包括多个支柱和可变位移系统,每个支柱和位移系统能够根据控制系统的需要由液压系统单独地作用。
本说明书中对任意现有技术的参考不且不应被认为是这种现有技术形成公知常识的一部分的任何形式的提议的确认。
本领域技术人员将理解,本发明在其使用方面不限于所描述的特定应用。本发明也不限于其关于本文描述或描绘的特定元件和/或特征的优选实施方式中。将理解,本发明不限于所公开的实施方式,而是能够在不偏离如所附权利要求阐述和限定的本发明的范围的情况下进行大量重新布置、修改以及替代。

Claims (7)

1.一种车辆悬架系统,该车辆悬架系统包括:
液压气动支柱,该液压气动支柱包括流体接口,其中,液压流体经由所述流体接口向所述支柱的供应引起所述支柱的总长度增加,并且液压流体经由所述流体接口的收回引起所述支柱的所述总长度减小;
第一位移系统,该第一位移系统与所述流体接口流体连通,能够向所述支柱供应流体和从所述支柱收回流体,而且能够测量向所述支柱供应的流体或从所述支柱收回的流体的体积;
第二位移系统,该第二位移系统与所述流体接口流体连通;以及
液压流体源,该液压流体源用于经由所述第一位移系统或第二位移系统选择性地向所述液压气动支柱供应液压流体或从所述液压气动支柱收回液压流体;
其中,所述第一位移系统为体积位移系统的形式,该体积位移系统包括:
缸筒,该缸筒包括与所述液压流体源流体连通的第一流体接口和与所述支柱的所述流体接口流体连通的第二流体接口;
活塞,该活塞可滑动地保持在所述缸筒内,并且被构造为响应于所述液压减震器中的流体位移而在所述第一流体接口与所述第二流体接口之间沿着所述缸筒的长度移动;以及
传感器,该传感器用于检测所述位移活塞在所述缸筒内的位置;
其中,流体从所述支柱的收回将引起所述位移活塞朝向所述第一流体接口移动,并且流体向所述支柱的供应将引起所述位移活塞朝向所述第二流体接口移动,使得根据所述位移活塞在所述缸筒内的所述位置能够计算供应到所述支柱的流体或从所述支柱收回的流体的体积;
其中,所述悬架系统还被构造为选择性地将所述第一位移系统或第二位移系统连接到所述液压流体源。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆悬架系统,其中,所述液压气动支柱还包括与所述流体接口连接的减震筒和活塞组件,该活塞组件包括可滑动地保持在所述减震筒内的活塞、用于驱动所述减震筒内的所述活塞的活塞杆以及位于所述活塞杆内的气动弹簧,所述气动弹簧包括填充有气体的气室和可滑动地保持在所述活塞杆内并且被构造为分离所述液压流体和所述气体的分离活塞,并且其中,流体向所述减震筒的供应或从所述减震筒的收回引起所述活塞组件相对于所述减震筒的位移,导致所述支柱的所述总长度的增加或减小。
3.根据权利要求2所述的车辆悬架系统,其中,所述液压气动支柱还包括用于主动控制碰撞减震特性和反弹减震特性的手段。
4.根据权利要求2所述的车辆悬架系统,其中,所述第一位移系统用于响应于道路状况主动地使所述活塞组件位移,并且所述第二位移系统用于控制所述活塞组件的静态位移。
5.根据权利要求1所述的车辆悬架系统,其中,所述体积位移系统还包括用于测量所述支柱中的液压压力的压力传感器。
6.根据权利要求1所述的车辆悬架系统,还包括液压系统,该液压系统用于向所述第一流体位移系统和所述第二流体位移系统供应流体和从所述第一流体位移系统和所述第二流体位移系统收回流体,所述液压系统被构造为可调节地控制液压流体向所述第一位移系统和所述第二位移系统的供应和从所述第一位移系统和所述第二位移系统的收回。
7.根据权利要求6所述的车辆悬架系统,其中,所述液压系统包括液压压力源和液压贮存器,并且其中,液压流体通过所述液压压力源供应到所述支柱,并且从所述支柱收回到所述液压贮存器。
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