CN112108766B - Device for reducing air hole defects of double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous welding joint of T-shaped structure - Google Patents
Device for reducing air hole defects of double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous welding joint of T-shaped structure Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/24—Seam welding
- B23K26/26—Seam welding of rectilinear seams
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/14—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/16—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with magnesium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/18—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with zinc
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/14—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with alkaline solutions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/14—Titanium or alloys thereof
Abstract
The invention relates to a device for reducing the defect of gas holes of a double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous welding joint with a T-shaped structure. The method comprises the following steps: before double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous welding is carried out on the T-shaped structure, surface treatment is carried out on the material, and the T-shaped structure is clamped; in the welding process, a multi-component gas proportioning supply device is adopted to adjust three protective gases (high-purity Ar, high-purity He and high-purity N) 2 ) The mixed protective gas for the test is used for protecting the welding process; and after welding, carrying out X-ray gas hole detection on the T-shaped joint, forming a correlation database by using the detection result and the components and flow of the shielding gas, detecting the influence of the proportion and flow of the shielding gas on the welding seam quality, and providing guidance for obtaining a high-quality double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous welding joint.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device for reducing the defect of air holes of a double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous welding joint of a T-shaped structure, and belongs to the technical field of control of the defect of the air holes of aluminum alloy or titanium alloy laser welding.
Background
The rapid development of the current aerospace manufacturing technology puts great demands and challenges on materials and structures used by the aerospace manufacturing technology, and weight reduction of structural parts becomes one of important development directions in the field. Aluminum alloy and titanium alloy have been widely used in aerospace structural members at present due to their excellent properties such as high specific strength, good corrosion resistance and thermal stability.
For the most common skin-stringer structures in aircraft fuselage barrel sections, riveting techniques have been used for attachment due to attachment reliability considerations. However, the weight of the machine body is increased due to a large number of rivets and sealing materials, and the development direction of the weight reduction of the machine body is not facilitated; the assembly efficiency of the structural part is low, and the assembly automation is not facilitated; and the required preparation time is too long, the mechanical properties of the connecting part are unstable, and the like. The existence of these factors has led to an urgent need for a more rapid and reliable skin-stringer joining technique. The rapid development of laser welding technology has enabled the above problems to be effectively solved, and european airbus companies have now successfully applied laser welding technology to the manufacture of aluminum alloy panels for aircraft fuselages. The laser welding technology is used for partially replacing the traditional riveting technology, the weight of the whole structure of the machine body is greatly reduced, and the manufacturing cost is also greatly reduced.
However, due to the characteristics of light alloys and the requirement of airplane service performance, the laser welding technology of aluminum alloys and titanium alloys still has many difficulties. Among them, the welding blowhole is the most common welding defect in the aluminum alloy and titanium alloy welding seam, and is also the inherent welding problem, and it is generally thought that the generation thereof cannot be avoided no matter what fusion welding process is adopted. The existence of the air hole defects not only reduces the effective bearing area of the welding line, but also can generate stress concentration, thereby reducing the mechanical property of the weldment. And for the skin-stringer T-shaped structure, air holes are difficult to escape due to blocking of the stringers, and the suppression of air hole defects is more difficult. As to the formation mechanism of the pore defect, a great deal of research is carried out by scholars at home and abroad, but a unified understanding is not formed at present. Generally, it is believed that the hydrogen source can be effectively inhibited from generating pores, and the reasonable control of the components and flow rate of the shielding gas is an effective ring for inhibiting the hydrogen source. Besides effectively inhibiting hydrogen source, when different materials are welded, different kinds of high-purity shielding gas or mixed shielding gas have different influences on the porosity of a welding seam and welding forming. The technology has important research and application significance for researching the influence of different types of shielding gas on the welding quality and reducing the porosity of the welding seam.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device for reducing the defect of pores of a double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous welding joint of a skin-stringer T-shaped structure, reducing pores of a welding seam and improving the welding quality.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an apparatus for reducing blow-hole defects in a double-laser-beam double-side synchronous welded joint of a skin-stringer T-shaped structure, for reducing blow-holes in a weld, comprising:
the protective gas types comprise pure argon, pure helium and pure nitrogen and are positioned in three protective gas tanks;
optionally, the multi-component gas proportioning supply protection device comprises a supply channel for three kinds of protection gas, a multi-component gas flow closed-loop control system, a multi-component mixed gas storage chamber, a gas transmission channel control valve and a gas injection device, the obtained multi-component gas with the preset proportioning is conveyed into the gas storage chamber through the supply channel to be uniformly mixed, the multi-component mixed protection gas with the preset flow is uniformly conveyed to a specified position through the gas transmission channel control valve through the gas injection device, and a welding piece is protected in real time.
Optionally, the content of the protective gas ratio correlation database comprises the relationship between the ratio parameters of pure argon, pure helium and pure nitrogen, the gas flow and the size and quantity distribution of the laser welding air hole defects, and the protective gas ratio correlation database is used for combining different contents of argon, helium and nitrogen to form the ternary protective gas for the test.
Alternatively, the apparatus is provided with three supply channels for the shielding gas, each shielding gas tank is separately piped with a corresponding supply channel, and each channel is provided with a shielding gas flow control system.
Optionally, the adopted protective gas flow control system is a closed-loop control system, and instantaneous flow precision control is performed on each gas channel; and the protective gas flow control system consists of a flow sensor, an amplification control circuit, a pressure-stabilizing and pressure-reducing control valve and a flow divider.
Optionally, the flow sensor in the multi-component gas proportioning supply protection device adopts a capillary heat transfer temperature difference calorimetry principle to monitor the flow of various mixed gases in real time, a sensor heating bridge is used for monitoring gas flow signals in real time, the gas flow signals are amplified by the control circuit and then compared with preset signals, the amplified difference value is used for controlling the regulating valve, when the real-time monitoring signals are higher or lower than the preset signals, the regulating valve is closed, and until the flow flowing through the gas passage is equal to the preset flow, the regulating valve is in an open state.
Optionally, one end of a diverter in the multi-component gas proportioning supply protection device is connected with each protection gas channel, and the other end of the diverter is connected with each protection gas flow sensor.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a device for reducing the air hole defects of double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous welding joints of an aluminum alloy or titanium alloy T-shaped structure, which is characterized in that an X-ray air hole defect detection result and protective gas distribution ratio correlation database is established, and multi-element protective gas distribution ratio parameters are further optimized based on data statistical results to obtain high-quality welded parts, so that the problem of formation of the air hole defects of the double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous welding joints of the aluminum alloy T-shaped structure is obviously solved. The process overcomes the defects of more air hole defects, poor welding seam forming effect and the like existing in a double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous welding aluminum alloy or titanium alloy skin-stringer T-shaped structure, and lays a foundation for improving the mechanical property of a welding joint of the T-shaped structure and improving the air hole defects of laser welding.
The invention provides a multi-element gas proportioning supply device for reducing the defects of double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous welding joint air holes of a T-shaped structure of aluminum alloy or titanium alloy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of dual-laser-beam two-side simultaneous welding of a T-shaped structure of 2060-2099 Al-Li alloy;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a multi-component gas proportioning feeding protection device;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the void defect control of the dual laser beam dual-side simultaneous welding process for the T-shaped structure of aluminum-lithium alloy;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a multi-element gas flow control system for a double-laser-beam double-side synchronous welding process of an aluminum-lithium alloy T-shaped structure;
in the figure, 1-stringer, 2-skin, 3-wire feeding nozzle, 4-protective gas nozzle, 5-laser beam, 6-gas flowmeter, 7-pressure stabilizing and pressure reducing control valve, 8-regulating valve, 9-gas transmission channel control valve, 10-protective gas pressure indicator, 11-touch screen, 12-analyzer, 13-control cabinet door and 14-control cabinet.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention provides a device for reducing the air hole defect of a double-laser-beam double-side synchronous welding joint of a skin-stringer T-shaped structure, and in order to make the purpose, the effect and the technical scheme of the invention more clear, the invention is described in detail by referring to the attached drawings and comparing with an example. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention is described in detail below by way of specific examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The skin material for double-laser-beam double-side synchronous welding of the T-shaped joint is 2060 aluminum-lithium alloy, and the chemical components of the skin material comprise: 93.51 percent of Al, 3.9 percent of Cu, 0.8 percent of Li, 0.7 percent of Mg, 0.32 percent of Zn, 0.29 percent of Mn, 0.1 percent of Zr, 0.34 percent of Ag, 0.02 percent of Fe and 0.02 percent of Si, and the size is 125mm in width, 500mm in length and 2mm in thickness; the stringer material is 2099 aluminum lithium alloy, and the chemical components of the stringer material are as follows: 93.47 percent of Al, 2.52 percent of Cu, 1.87 percent of Li, 1.19 percent of Zn, 0.5 percent of Mg0.31 percent of Mn, 0.08 percent of Zr and 0.06 percent of Sr, and the sizes are 20mm in width, 500mm in length, 2mm in thickness and 28mm in height; the filler material is ER4047 Al-Si welding wire, the diameter of the welding wire is 1.2mm, the main chemical component of the welding wire is aluminum element, and the silicon element in the welding wire can effectively inhibit the formation of welding hot cracks. Placing the to-be-welded parts in a stainless steel basket at the temperature of 45-55 ℃, using a separator to avoid overlapping or attaching the planes of the parts when the parts are stacked, and selecting alkaline solution (wherein the sodium hydroxide is 20-35 g/L and the sodium carbonate is 20-30 g/L) to treat the to-be-welded parts for 0.5-2 min so as to remove an oxidation film on the surface of the material; before welding, acetone is used for wiping and cleaning the surface of the sample, and residual pollutants are removed to ensure that the surface of the sample is clean, and the specific treatment method is as follows: removing oil by acetone, removing an oxidation film, washing by clear water, neutralizing photochemical reaction (soaking in a 30% nitric acid solution for 3min), washing by clear water, and drying (100-120 ℃).
Carrying out double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous welding experiments, wherein the laser equipment used in the experiments is a TruDisk-12003 disc laser produced by the German TRUMPF company, and the maximum output power of the laser equipment can reach 12000W; the control of the welding process is completed by a KUKA KR30HA six-axis welding robot, the maximum working range is 2033mm, and the repetition precision is +/-0.05 mm. The double-laser-beam double-side synchronous welding schematic diagram is shown in fig. 1, and laser beams 5 on two sides are focused on symmetrical positions of the surface of the skin 2 on two sides of the stringer 1 and ensure synchronous movement. The laser beam 5, the protective gas nozzle 4 and the wire feeding nozzle 3 on one side are assembled at an angle with each other on the same plane forming a certain angle with the horizontal plane and ensure relative stillness in the movement process. Parameters selected in the welding experiment are 2500W of laser power, 8m/min of welding speed and 22 degrees of laser incidence angle.
The shielding gas adopted in the double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous welding process is provided by a multi-component gas proportioning supply device, and the shielding gas is different in Ar, He and N 2 The contents were combined to make up the ternary gas for testing. As shown in FIG. 3, the apparatus is equipped with 4 protective gas supply channels, and can realize the proportioning and supply of 4 and less than 4 kinds of multi-component gases. Each protection gas tank is respectively in pipeline connection with the supply channel, and each channel is provided with a protection gas flow control system. After being mixed, the gas is uniformly conveyed to a specified position through the gas transmission channel control valve 9 by the multi-element mixed shielding gas with preset flow through the shielding gas nozzle 4, and a welding piece is protected in real time. And according to the gas hole defect detection result of the laser welding joint and the proportioning parameters of the multi-element protective gas, constructing an X-ray gas hole defect detection result and protective gas proportioning correlation database, and feeding back the parameters in the database to an actual welding platform, so that the proportioning and the flow of the multi-element protective gas are adjusted, and the gas hole defect is reduced. In FIG. 2, the gas flow meter 6 monitors the flow of three shielding gases in real time and can match the shielding gas according to the required ratioThe components of the ternary gas are proportioned according to the requirements.
The protective gas flow control system is a closed-loop control system, consists of a flow sensor, a flow divider, a pressure stabilizing and reducing control valve 7, an amplification control circuit and the like, and can precisely control the instantaneous flow of each gas channel. The multi-component gas proportioning supply control cabinet 14 is provided with a flow sensor, so that the mass flow of each mixed gas can be monitored in real time. As shown in fig. 4, after each component gas in the control cabinet 14 is divided by the splitter, the gas flow signal is monitored in real time by using the sensor heating bridge. One end of the flow divider is connected with each protective gas channel, and the other end of the flow divider is connected with each protective gas flow sensor. The external analyzer 12 detects the flow of each shielding gas in real time and displays the percentage content of each component in the mixture gas. The protective gas pressure indicator 10 displays the pressure of the gas in the mixed gas storage tank in real time, and when the pressure is too high, an alarm parameter is displayed in the touch screen 11. The gas flow signal amplified by the control circuit is compared with a preset signal, the amplified difference value is used for controlling the regulating valve 8, when the signal monitored in real time is higher than or lower than the preset signal, the regulating valve 8 can be closed, and until the flow flowing through the gas passage is equal to the preset flow, the regulating valve 8 is in an open state. The pressure stabilizing and reducing control valve 7 can regulate and control the pressure and the flow of the multi-element protective gas in real time according to the signals detected by the flow sensor. The touch screen 11 displays real-time flow, gas distribution parameters, alarm parameters and the like of each component gas, and controls the flow divider to adjust the flow of the shielding gas by inputting the required proportion.
The mixed gas storage tank in the multi-gas proportioning supply control cabinet 14 collects and stores the shielding gas with specific proportioning obtained by each pipeline, and the gas transmission channel control valve 9 controls the flow of the mixed gas in the storage tank and is connected with a shielding gas output device.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of this invention and it should be noted that modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention and these modifications should also be considered as the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. An apparatus for reducing blow hole defects in a double laser beam double-side simultaneous weld joint of a skin-stringer T-shaped structure, comprising:
the types of the protective gas comprise pure argon, pure helium and pure nitrogen, and the protective gas is stored in three independent protective gas tanks;
the multi-component gas proportioning supply protection device comprises a supply channel of three kinds of protection gas, a multi-component gas flow closed-loop control system, a multi-component mixed gas storage chamber, a gas transmission channel control valve and a gas injection device, the obtained multi-component gas with the preset proportioning is conveyed into the gas storage chamber through the supply channel to be uniformly mixed, the multi-component mixed protection gas with the preset flow is uniformly conveyed to a specified position through the gas transmission channel control valve through the gas injection device, and a welding piece is protected in real time;
each protective gas tank is respectively connected with a corresponding supply channel through a pipeline, and each channel is provided with a protective gas flow control system; the protective gas proportion correlation database comprises the relation among the proportion parameters of pure argon, pure helium and pure nitrogen, the gas flow and the defect size and quantity distribution of laser welding air holes, and the ternary protective gas for the test is prepared by different contents of argon, helium and nitrogen according to the protective gas proportion correlation database;
the adopted protective gas flow control system is a closed-loop control system and carries out instantaneous flow precision control on each gas channel; the protective gas flow control system consists of a flow sensor, an amplification control circuit, a pressure-stabilizing and pressure-reducing control valve and a flow divider;
the flow sensor in the multi-gas proportioning supply protection device adopts a capillary heat transfer temperature difference calorimetry principle to monitor the flow of various mixed gases in real time, a sensor heating electric bridge is used for monitoring gas flow signals in real time, the gas flow signals are amplified by a control circuit and then compared with preset signals, the amplified difference value is used for controlling an adjusting valve, when the real-time monitoring signals are higher or lower than the preset signals, the adjusting valve is closed, and the adjusting valve is in an open state until the flow flowing through a gas passage is equal to the preset flow;
one end of a diverter in the multi-component gas proportioning supply protection device is connected with each protection gas channel, and the other end of the diverter is connected with each protection gas flow sensor.
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| CN113732443B (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2022-08-16 | 南京理工大学 | Process method for improving additive forming quality and solidification crack sensitivity of nickel-based superalloy |
| CN115958331A (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2023-04-14 | 南通昊海电器有限公司 | Welding method and welding device for composite copper bar conducting layer |
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| CN103878479B (en) * | 2014-03-06 | 2016-02-10 | 上海交通大学 | The online test method in the T-shaped lap joint gap of the Laser Welding based on spectrum analysis |
| CN104607777A (en) * | 2015-01-21 | 2015-05-13 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | Welding shielding gas alternating gas supply system |
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