CN112107819B - Efficient explosion-proof flame arrester - Google Patents
Efficient explosion-proof flame arrester Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112107819B CN112107819B CN201910528998.5A CN201910528998A CN112107819B CN 112107819 B CN112107819 B CN 112107819B CN 201910528998 A CN201910528998 A CN 201910528998A CN 112107819 B CN112107819 B CN 112107819B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- explosion
- proof sheet
- flame
- fire
- flame arrester
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004200 deflagration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C4/00—Flame traps allowing passage of gas but not of flame or explosion wave
- A62C4/02—Flame traps allowing passage of gas but not of flame or explosion wave in gas-pipes
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a high-efficiency explosion-proof flame arrester, which comprises a flame arrester shell and flame arrester connecting flanges, wherein the flame arrester connecting flanges are used for being connected with a connecting pipeline or a storage tank, the flame arrester connecting flanges are arranged at two ends of the flame arrester shell, a flame-retardant disc is arranged in the flame arrester shell, and passive flame-retardant units are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the flame-retardant disc; the passive fire retardant unit comprises an explosion-proof sheet, a passive pressure control mechanism, an explosion-proof sheet back seat mechanism and a sealing device, wherein the sealing device is a solid ring which is attached and fixed on the inner peripheral wall of the fire retardant shell and is adjacent to the periphery of the fire retardant disc; the explosion-proof sheet back seat mechanism is fixed on the fire-proof plate, the explosion-proof sheet is connected with the explosion-proof sheet back seat mechanism through the passive pressure control mechanism, and the explosion-proof sheet is supported outside the fire-proof plate; the periphery of the explosion-proof sheet is provided with an explosion-proof sheet strengthening sealing piece, when deflagration or detonation occurs, the passive pressure control mechanism fails, the explosion-proof sheet moves towards the direction of the fire-proof disc, the explosion-proof sheet strengthening sealing piece is in lap joint with the sealing device, and the explosion-proof sheet and the sealing device form sealing connection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of flame arresters, in particular to a high-efficiency explosion-proof and detonation flame arrester.
Background
Flame arrestors are safety devices suitable for installation in an opening or in a pipe work whose purpose is to allow media to flow but to prevent flame propagation. The operational context of flame arrestors dictates that flame arrestors need to have at least two properties, namely, high efficiency flame arrestor performance and low pressure loss.
Flame arresters generally consist of a flame arrester disc and a flame arrester housing, and the flame arrester disc is mostly a corrugated plate structure and is a main element for preventing flame propagation. To achieve efficient fire stopping performance, particularly against detonation flames, a thicker fire stopping disk is required, which necessarily increases drag losses.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a passive flame arrester, in particular to a high-efficiency detonation-resistant flame arrester, aiming at solving the problems of poor flame arresting performance (particularly poor detonation arresting performance) and large fluid resistance loss of the conventional flame arrester.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a high-efficiency explosion-resistant flame arrester comprises a flame-resistant disc, wherein passive flame-resistant units are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the flame-resistant disc; the passive fire retardant unit comprises an explosion-proof sheet, a passive pressure control mechanism, an explosion-proof sheet back seat mechanism and a sealing device; the explosion-proof sheet return seat mechanism is fixed on the fire-proof plate, the explosion-proof sheet is connected with the explosion-proof sheet return seat mechanism through the passive pressure control mechanism, and the support is arranged outside the fire-proof plate; the periphery of the explosion-proof sheet is provided with an explosion-proof sheet strengthening sealing piece, when deflagration or detonation occurs, the passive pressure control mechanism fails, the explosion-proof sheet moves towards the direction of the fire-proof disc, the explosion-proof sheet strengthening sealing piece is in lap joint with the sealing device, and the explosion-proof sheet and the sealing device form sealing connection.
Further, the sealing device is a solid ring which is attached and fixed on the inner peripheral wall of the flame arrester shell and is adjacent to the periphery of the flame arrester plate.
The fire arrestor connecting flanges are arranged at two ends of the fire arrestor shell, and the fire arrestor shell is arranged outside the fire arrestor disc.
A high-efficiency explosion-proof flame arrester comprises a flame arrester shell and flame arrester connecting flanges used for being connected with a connecting pipeline or a storage tank, wherein the flame arrester connecting flanges are arranged at two ends of the flame arrester shell, a flame arresting disc is arranged in the flame arrester shell, and passive flame arresting units are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the flame arresting disc; the passive fire retardant unit comprises an explosion-proof sheet, a passive pressure control mechanism, an explosion-proof sheet back seat mechanism and a sealing device, wherein the sealing device is a solid ring which is attached and fixed on the inner peripheral wall of the fire retardant shell and is adjacent to the periphery of the fire retardant disc; the explosion-proof sheet back seat mechanism is fixed on the fire-proof plate, the explosion-proof sheet is connected with the explosion-proof sheet back seat mechanism through the passive pressure control mechanism, and the explosion-proof sheet is supported outside the fire-proof plate; the periphery of the explosion-proof sheet is provided with an explosion-proof sheet strengthening sealing piece, when deflagration or detonation occurs, the passive pressure control mechanism fails, the explosion-proof sheet moves towards the direction of the fire-proof disc, the explosion-proof sheet strengthening sealing piece is lapped on the sealing device, and the explosion-proof sheet and the sealing device form sealing connection.
In the technical scheme, the flame arrester connecting flange is used for connecting the flame arrester to a connecting pipeline or a storage tank and the like; the fire retardant disc and the fire retardant sheet are matched for use, so that fire retardant elements of fire retardants with different specifications can be formed; the passive fire retardant unit is used for passive fire retardant when combustion in the pipeline occurs.
When taking place detonation or detonation in the pipeline, can grow the pressure wave that is greater than former pressure in the pipeline, this pressure wave will arrive passive back of fire relief unit in advance in flame, and passive back of fire relief unit receives the effect of pressure wave, returns the seat and then blocks up the flame propagation route, plays the effect of back the fire relief.
Compare in passive back-fire relief unit, the back-fire relief dish can the secondary stop flame propagation, and its thickness can be designed according to the explosion-proof grade of spark arrester of difference.
Further, the outer diameter of the explosion-proof sheet reinforced sealing element is larger than the inner diameter of the sealing device and smaller than the outer diameter of the sealing device.
Further, the material of the fire retardant disc is stainless steel or aluminum. Heat transfer can be enhanced and the mass of the flame arrester can be reduced.
Further, the material of the explosion-proof sheet is stainless steel. The explosion-proof sheet can bear certain pressure impact, does not deform and is resistant to burning.
Further, the passive pressure control mechanism is a pressure rod which can be broken under certain pressure impact.
Further, the explosion-proof sheet back seat mechanism is a device with suction force for pulling the explosion-proof sheet to the fire retardant disc when the passive pressure control mechanism fails.
The back surface of the explosion-proof sheet and the back surface of the explosion-proof sheet reinforced sealing piece are in a toothed structure, and the material of the sealing device is flexible material with burning resistance and flame retardance.
When deflagration or detonation takes place, hinder when exploding the piece and being pulled back the frame, guarantee to hinder and explode piece edge and sealing device and be in good sealed effect, hinder and explode the piece, hinder and explode the tooth form structure that the piece strengthens the sealing member and can form one or the multiple track is sealed with sealing device to realize the back-fire relief purpose.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention can effectively prevent flame propagation, in particular detonation flame propagation; the fluid resistance loss is small; simple structure, the quality is little, is applicable to the occasion that has the requirement to the quality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a high efficiency detonation flame arrestor;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a passive firestop unit;
fig. 3 is a partially enlarged schematic view of the structure of the passive fire stopping unit.
The flame arrester comprises a flame arrester connecting flange 1, a flame arrester shell 2, a flame arrester inner fluid airflow 3, a passive flame arrester unit 4 and a flame arrester disc 5, wherein the flame arrester connecting flange 2 is connected with the flame arrester shell; 410 is a bursting disc, 411 is a bursting disc strengthening sealing element, 420 is a passive pressure control mechanism, 430 is a bursting disc seat returning mechanism, and 440 is a sealing device.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
combine fig. 1 to 3, a high-efficient explosion-proof flame arrester, include flame arrester shell 2 and be used for the flame arrester flange 1 that links to each other with connecting tube or storage tank, flame arrester flange 1 sets up the both ends of flame arrester shell 2 are equipped with in the flame arrester shell 2 and hinder fire dish 5, the both sides symmetry of hindering fire dish 5 is equipped with passive back-fire relief unit 4.
The passive fire retardant unit 4 comprises an explosion-proof sheet 410, a passive pressure control mechanism 420, an explosion-proof sheet back seat mechanism 430 and a sealing device 440, wherein the sealing device 440 is a solid ring which is attached to the inner peripheral wall of the fire retardant housing 2 and is adjacent to the periphery of the fire retardant disc 5.
The explosion-proof sheet seat returning mechanism 430 is fixed on the fire-proof plate 5, and the explosion-proof sheet 410 is connected with the explosion-proof sheet seat returning mechanism 430 through the passive pressure control mechanism 420 and is supported outside the fire-proof plate 5.
The periphery of the explosion-proof sheet 410 is provided with an explosion-proof sheet strengthening sealing piece 411, when deflagration or detonation occurs, the passive pressure control mechanism 420 fails, the explosion-proof sheet 410 moves towards the direction of the fire-proof disc 5, the explosion-proof sheet strengthening sealing piece 411 is lapped on the sealing device 440, and the explosion-proof sheet 410 and the sealing device 440 form sealing connection.
The flame arrester connecting flange 1 is used for connecting the flame arrester to a connecting pipeline or a storage tank and the like; the fire retardant disc 5 is matched with the fire retardant sheet 4 for use, so that fire retardant elements of fire retardants with different specifications can be formed; the passive fire retardant unit is used for passive fire retardant when combustion in the pipeline occurs.
When taking place detonation or detonation in the pipeline, can grow the pressure wave that is greater than former pressure in the pipeline, this pressure wave will arrive passive back of fire relief unit 4 in advance in flame, and passive back of fire relief unit 4 receives the effect of pressure wave, returns the seat and then blocks up the flame propagation route, plays the effect of back the fire relief.
Compare in passive back-fire relief unit 4, back-fire relief plate 5 can the secondary stop flame propagation, and its thickness can be designed according to the explosion-proof grade of the spark arrester of difference.
Further, the outer diameter of the burst disk reinforcement seal 411 is larger than the inner diameter of the sealing device 440 and smaller than the outer diameter of the sealing device 440.
Further, the material of the fire retardant disc 5 is stainless steel or aluminum. Heat transfer can be enhanced and the mass of the flame arrester can be reduced.
Further, the material of the explosion-proof sheet 410 is 310 stainless steel. The explosion-proof sheet 410 can bear certain pressure impact, does not deform, and is resistant to burning.
Further, the passive pressure control mechanism 420 is a pressure rod that can be broken under a certain pressure impact.
Further, the explosion-proof plate recoil mechanism 430 is a device with suction that pulls the explosion-proof plate 410 toward the fire stop plate 5 when the passive pressure control mechanism 420 fails.
Furthermore, the back of the explosion-proof sheet 410 and the back of the explosion-proof sheet strengthening sealing 411 are in a toothed structure, and the material of the sealing device 440 is a flexible material with burning resistance and flame retardance.
When deflagration or detonation occurs, the explosion-proof sheet 410 is pulled back to the base, so that the edge of the explosion-proof sheet 410 and the sealing device 440 are in good sealing effect, and the tooth-shaped structures of the explosion-proof sheet 410 and the explosion-proof sheet strengthening sealing piece 411 can form one or more sealing lines with the sealing device 440, thereby realizing the purpose of fire resistance.
The working process comprises the following steps:
example 1
The working process of the flame arrester under normal working conditions:
under normal working conditions, gas medium in a pipeline or a storage tank enters the flame arrester shell 2 through the flame arrester connecting flange 1, and gas sequentially passes through the flame arrester plates 5 in the flame arrester in the form of fluid airflow 3 (the flowing direction of the gas is shown by an arrow in figure 1) in the flame arrester and enters the storage tank or the pipeline communicated with the flame arrester plates. Due to the high-efficiency fire-retardant capability of the passive fire-retardant unit 4, the thickness of the fire-retardant disc 5 can be correspondingly reduced, so that the resistance drop of gas passing is reduced, and the purpose of low resistance drop passing under the normal working condition of gas is realized.
Example 2
The flame arrester resists the deflagration working process:
when flame propagates in the pipeline with the detonation form, the gas in the pipeline also receives the extrusion, produces the pressure wave that is greater than former system pressure, and this detonation wave passes through spark arrester flange 1, gets into the spark arrester, touches passive spark arrester unit 4 back, and passive unit triggers and produces back the seat, reaches the position that the dotted line shows in the picture, prevents that flame from passing through. Meanwhile, the fire retardant disc 5 is arranged to retard the fire of a small amount of flame which possibly passes through, so that the purpose of thorough flame retarding is achieved.
Example 3
The working process of explosion resistance of the flame arrester comprises the following steps:
because the detonation wave is continuously extruded in the propagation process, the detonation wave is faster than the propagation speed of flame, and the pressure is obviously improved relative to the pressure in the original system, and can be improved by more than 10 times.
Detonation waves enter the flame arrester through the flame arrester connecting flange 1, and after the passive flame arrester unit 4 is touched by large pressure, the passive unit is triggered to return to a position shown by a dotted line in the figure so as to prevent flames from passing through.
Meanwhile, the 5 flame retardant discs are arranged to retard the flame which may pass a small amount of flame, so that the purpose of thorough flame retarding is achieved.
The invention can effectively prevent flame propagation, in particular detonation flame propagation; the fluid resistance loss is small; simple structure, the quality is little, is applicable to the occasion that has the requirement to the quality.
It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may make modifications, alterations, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The efficient explosion-resistant and flame-retardant device is characterized by comprising a flame-retardant disc (5), wherein passive flame-retardant units (4) are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the flame-retardant disc (5); the passive fire retardant unit (4) comprises a bursting disc (410), a passive pressure control mechanism (420), a bursting disc recoating mechanism (430) and a sealing device (440); the explosion-proof sheet recoating mechanism (430) is fixed on the fire-proof disc (5), the explosion-proof sheet (410) is connected with the explosion-proof sheet recoating mechanism (430) through a passive pressure control mechanism (420), and the support is arranged outside the fire-proof disc (5);
the sealing device (440) is a solid ring which is attached and fixed on the inner peripheral wall of the flame arrester shell (2) and is adjacent to the periphery of the flame arrester disc (5); the periphery of the explosion-proof sheet (410) is provided with an explosion-proof sheet reinforced sealing element (411), when deflagration or detonation occurs, the passive pressure control mechanism (420) fails, the explosion-proof sheet (410) moves towards the direction of the fire-proof disc (5), the explosion-proof sheet reinforced sealing element (411) is lapped on the sealing device (440), and the explosion-proof sheet (410) and the sealing device (440) form sealing connection;
The passive pressure control mechanism (420) is a pressure rod which can be broken under certain pressure impact;
the explosion-proof sheet recoating mechanism (430) is a device with suction force which pulls the explosion-proof sheet (410) to the fire retardant disc (5) when the passive pressure control mechanism (420) fails;
the back of the explosion-proof sheet (410) and the back of the explosion-proof sheet reinforced sealing piece (411) are of a toothed structure;
under normal working conditions, gas sequentially passes through the fire-retardant disc (5) in the fire retardant device in a fluid gas flow mode in the fire retardant device and enters a storage tank or a pipeline communicated with the fire-retardant disc;
the flame arrester is characterized by also comprising a flame arrester shell (2) and a flame arrester connecting flange (1) which is used for being connected with a connecting pipeline or a storage tank, wherein the flame arrester connecting flange (1) is arranged at two ends of the flame arrester shell (2), and the flame arrester shell (2) is arranged outside the flame arrester disc (5);
the outer diameter of the explosion-proof sheet reinforced sealing element (411) is larger than the inner diameter of the sealing device (440) and smaller than the outer diameter of the sealing device (440).
2. An efficient detonation-arresting flame arrestor as claimed in claim 1 wherein the material of the flame-arresting disk (5) is stainless steel or aluminum.
3. An efficient detonation suppressant flame arrester as claimed in claim 1 wherein the material of said sheet (410) is 310 stainless steel.
4. An efficient detonation-arresting flame arrester as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the material of the sealing means (440) is a flexible material that is fire-resistant and flame-retardant.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910528998.5A CN112107819B (en) | 2019-06-19 | 2019-06-19 | Efficient explosion-proof flame arrester |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910528998.5A CN112107819B (en) | 2019-06-19 | 2019-06-19 | Efficient explosion-proof flame arrester |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112107819A CN112107819A (en) | 2020-12-22 |
| CN112107819B true CN112107819B (en) | 2022-06-28 |
Family
ID=73795241
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910528998.5A Active CN112107819B (en) | 2019-06-19 | 2019-06-19 | Efficient explosion-proof flame arrester |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN112107819B (en) |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1385598A (en) * | 1973-08-17 | 1975-02-26 | Lautence Scott Electromotors L | Flame arrestors |
| CN202802591U (en) * | 2012-08-09 | 2013-03-20 | 四川顶点建筑工程有限公司 | Safety system for automatically closing gas pipeline |
| CN107345586A (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2017-11-14 | 锐驰恩科技（大连）有限公司 | It is a kind of to open and close explosion-proof decompression device certainly |
| CN207101675U (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2018-03-16 | 启东金瑞石化设备有限公司 | A kind of flame arrester structure |
| CN207575592U (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2018-07-06 | 西安科技大学 | A kind of spark arrester |
-
2019
- 2019-06-19 CN CN201910528998.5A patent/CN112107819B/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN112107819A (en) | 2020-12-22 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| KR20080011212A (en) | Detonation flame arrester | |
| CN201980610U (en) | Seal ring ventilation and explosion suppression device of floating-roof oil tank | |
| CN105521574B (en) | Explosion damper for cave depot oil tank breathing pipeline | |
| CN210521589U (en) | Novel pipeline flame arrester | |
| CN112107819B (en) | Efficient explosion-proof flame arrester | |
| CN115105768A (en) | Unsteady state detonation spark arrester | |
| CN108379761A (en) | Damp spark arrester | |
| CN114569920B (en) | Oxygen pipeline flame arrester | |
| RU195092U1 (en) | COMMUNICATION FIRE DISCHARGE | |
| CN102954262A (en) | Deflagration overpressure relief device with wave adsorption and flame suppression functions | |
| CN211693676U (en) | Automatic antiknock venting breather | |
| CN208389225U (en) | Damp fire arrester | |
| CN106422118B (en) | Double-fireproof and explosion-proof blocking device and blocking method for gas pipeline | |
| CN214129999U (en) | Explosion-proof flame arrester | |
| CN110566924A (en) | Explosion-proof door of waste heat boiler and waste heat boiler | |
| CN218474814U (en) | Pipeline liquid detonation flame arrester | |
| GB2522476A (en) | Flame arrester | |
| RU199162U1 (en) | END FLAME RETAINER | |
| CN211835927U (en) | Exempt from abluent spark arrester | |
| CN210593518U (en) | Combined type liquid seal explosion arrester for storage tank gas phase balance system | |
| CN112107820B (en) | Explosion-proof flame arrester for pipeline | |
| RU106123U1 (en) | COMMUNICATION FIRE DISCHARGE | |
| CN217286959U (en) | Flame arrester of oil gas recovery pump | |
| CN220750350U (en) | Integrated fireproof air duct | |
| CN211383564U (en) | Novel fire retardant disc |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| TA01 | Transfer of patent application right |
Effective date of registration: 20220520 Address after: No. 22, Chaoyangmen street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020 Applicant after: CHINA PETROLEUM & CHEMICAL Corp. Applicant after: Sinopec Safety Engineering Research Institute Co.,Ltd. Address before: 100728 No. 22 North Main Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, Chaoyangmen Applicant before: CHINA PETROLEUM & CHEMICAL Corp. Applicant before: Qingdao Safety Engineering Research Institute of Sinopec |
|
| TA01 | Transfer of patent application right | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |