CN112107396A

CN112107396A - Elastic prosthesis for treating knee osteoarthritis

Info

Publication number: CN112107396A
Application number: CN202011102586.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 周一新; 唐浩; 杨德金; 郭盛杰; 邵宏翊; 陈明学
Original assignee: Beijing Jishuitan Hospital
Current assignee: Beijing Jishuitan Hospital
Priority date: 2020-10-15
Filing date: 2020-10-15
Publication date: 2020-12-22

Abstract

The invention discloses an elastic prosthesis for treating knee osteoarthritis, which comprises an elastic correction pad and a fiber reinforced ring, wherein the elastic correction pad is in the shape of a meniscus of a human knee joint; the fiber reinforced ring is arranged at the edge of the elastic correcting pad; the elastic correcting pad and the fiber reinforced ring are respectively an elastic pad and an elastic ring. The elastic prosthesis for treating knee osteoarthritis disclosed by the invention has small surgical trauma, can reduce the wear of articular cartilage, enables a patient to keep own joint, obtains the joint function close to that of a normal healthy person, avoids the defects of prosthesis looseness, large surgical trauma, multiple complications and the like in the external osteotomy and the knee replacement, has the advantages of simplicity, convenience, rapidness, convenience, safety, reliability and the like, and has the effects of correcting a force line, slowing down the progress of arthritis and the like for the internal and external deformity caused by the knee osteoarthritis.

Description

Elastic prosthesis for treating knee osteoarthritis

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to an elastic prosthesis for treating knee osteoarthritis.

Background

Currently, knee osteoarthritis is easy to cause cartilage loss to cause mild varus or valgus deformity, and the treatment methods mainly include two types of articular osteotomy or knee replacement. An extra-articular osteotomy is generally an inversion or eversion osteotomy performed at the proximal end of the tibia, fixed using either an internal or external fixation technique. Joint replacement is the removal of cartilage and subchondral bone from worn arthritic surfaces followed by replacement of the articular surfaces with artificial joint prostheses.

Among them, the cost of the extra-articular osteotomy and the knee replacement is high, and the burden of the patient and the medical insurance expenditure is large. In addition, after the joint replacement, complications such as joint loosening, infection, abrasion and the like may occur, and a revision surgery may be required; arthritis may continue to progress after the osteotomy, and the difficulty of the surgery to convert to joint replacement increases due to the increased number of surgeries. Most importantly, the existing knee osteoarthritis treatment method, namely the external osteotomy or the knee replacement, has the disadvantages of large trauma to a patient, high surgical risk and long postoperative rehabilitation time.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an elastic prosthesis for treating knee osteoarthritis, which is used for solving the problems of large wound, high surgical risk, long postoperative rehabilitation time and the like in the conventional knee osteoarthritis treatment method.

The invention provides an elastic prosthesis for treating knee osteoarthritis, which comprises an elastic correction pad and a fiber reinforced ring, wherein the elastic correction pad is in the shape of a meniscus of a knee joint of a human body and comprises a tibial plateau surface and a femoral joint surface, and the shapes of the tibial plateau surface and the femoral joint surface of the elastic correction pad are respectively matched with the surfaces of the tibial plateau surface and the femoral joint surface of the knee joint on the inner side or the outer side of a patient; the fiber reinforced ring is arranged at the edge of the elastic correction pad, and the thickness of the fiber reinforced ring is determined according to the number of the joint varus needed to be corrected by a patient; the elastic correction pad is made of polymer materials, and the fiber reinforced ring is made of polymer materials.

Preferably, the fiber reinforced ring comprises an outer side part, an inner side part, a rear side part and a front side part, and the outer side part, the rear side part, the inner side part and the front side part are sequentially connected end to form a complete circular ring; the thickness of the lateral part, the posterior part, the medial part and the anterior part is determined according to the number of articular varus required by the patient.

Preferably, a fiber reinforced rib is embedded in the fiber reinforced ring.

Preferably, the fiber-reinforced rib is a nylon rib or a polyethylene rib.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention discloses an elastic prosthesis for treating knee osteoarthritis, wherein an elastic correction pad is arranged at the cartilage of a knee joint, and the tibial platform surface of the elastic correction pad faces towards a tibial platform and the femoral joint surface faces towards a femoral joint; the fiber reinforced ring can improve the fracture resistance of the elastic prosthesis in the horizontal axial direction and the annular direction. Because the elastic prosthetic elastic correction pad and the fiber reinforced ring are respectively an elastic pad and an elastic ring, the knee joint force line can be corrected and the joint pressure can be buffered, and the elastic prosthetic elastic correction pad has the advantages of wear resistance, good biocompatibility, simple operation, capability of carrying out specific design on patients and the like. The elastic prosthesis for treating knee osteoarthritis disclosed by the invention has small surgical trauma, can reduce the wear of articular cartilage, enables a patient to keep own joint and obtain the joint function close to that of a normal healthy person, avoids the defects of prosthesis loosening, large surgical trauma, more complications, long postoperative rehabilitation time and the like in the external osteotomy and knee replacement of the joint, has the advantages of simplicity, convenience, rapidness, convenience, safety, reliability and the like, and has the effects of correcting the force line, slowing the progress of arthritis and the like for the internal and external deformity caused by the knee osteoarthritis.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the application of the elastic prosthesis for treating knee osteoarthritis provided in example 1 of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an elastic prosthesis provided in example 1 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In the present specification, "front", "rear", "inner" and "outer" refer to the front of the knee joint, the rear of the knee joint, the right side of the right knee joint in the drawing, and the left side of the right knee joint in the drawing, respectively, as "front", "rear", "inner" and "outer", respectively, in the case of the right limb of a human body.

Example 1

Example 1 provides an elastic prosthesis for treating knee osteoarthritis, the structure of which is described in detail below.

Referring to fig. 1, the human knee joint includes a knee tibia 100, a femur 200, and a fibula 300, the front end of the femur 200 has a patella 201, and the fibula 300 and the knee tibia 100 are respectively disposed on both sides of the patella 201. The elastic prosthesis for treating knee osteoarthritis is applied between the femur 200 and the knee tibia 100 on the lateral side of the patella 201.

Referring to fig. 2, the elastic prosthesis for treating knee osteoarthritis includes an elastic correction pad 1 and a fiber-reinforced ring 2.

The elastic correction pad 1 is in the shape of a human knee joint meniscus and comprises a knee joint tibial platform surface 101 used for being contacted with a tibial platform and a femoral joint surface 102 used for being contacted with a femoral joint; the shapes of the tibial platform surface 101 and the femoral joint surface 102 of the elastic correction pad 1 are respectively matched with the surfaces of the tibial platform and the femoral joint of the medial knee joint or the lateral knee joint of the patient;

the fiber reinforced ring 2 is arranged inside and at the edge of the elastic correction pad 1 and comprises an outer side part 21, an inner side part 22, a rear side part 23 and a front side part 24, wherein the outer side part 21, the rear side part 23, the inner side part 22 and the front side part 24 are sequentially connected end to form a complete circular ring.

The thickness of the prosthesis depends on the fibre-reinforced ring 2 and has different specifications. Specifically, the thickness of the lateral portion 21, the posterior portion 23, the medial portion 22 and the anterior portion 24 is determined or designed according to the number of corrective varus degrees required by the patient, which depends on the corrective knee line.

The elastic correction pad 1 is made of polymer materials, and the fiber reinforced ring 2 is made of polymer materials. The polymer herein refers to a high molecular compound. Specifically, the polymer material may be a polyurethane polymer material.

In order to prevent the prosthesis from breaking and enhance the tensile strength and the fatigue strength of the prosthesis, fiber reinforced ribs are embedded in the fiber reinforced ring 2.

Specifically, the fiber reinforced rib is a structural reinforcing rib such as a nylon rib or a polyethylene rib.

Among them, the following key points need to be noticed during the operation:

1. the effect of correcting the knee joint force line is adjusted by different prosthesis thicknesses;

2. the material selection and the processing technology of the prosthesis reduce the joint abrasion after the implantation;

3. the cushioning effect of the elastic prosthesis may slow the progression of arthritis.

Example 2

Embodiment 2 provides a method of knee joint elastic force line correction prosthesis using the elastic prosthesis for treating knee joint osteoarthritis provided in embodiment 1, the method comprising the steps of:

step S1: acquiring knee joint X-ray full-length slices at the affected side and the healthy side of a patient, and volume inspection data such as Computer Tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), confirming the adaptation certificate of the patient, and measuring the varus deformity angle required to be corrected by the patient;

step S2: measuring the shape and size of the inner tibia or outer tibia platform, selecting a proper size model, selecting a prosthesis with a proper thickness according to the varus malformation angle required to be corrected, or performing patient-specific 3D printing to customize the prosthesis;

step S3: performing an operation on a knee joint to be reconstructed of a patient to expose a joint surface to be replaced;

step S4: the prosthesis is placed in the medial or lateral compartment and sutured to the ligament around the knee joint using a non-absorbable thread.

Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.

Claims

1. Elastic prosthesis for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee joint, characterized in that it comprises an elastic correction pad (1) and a fiber-reinforced ring (2),

the shape of the elastic correction pad (1) is human knee joint meniscus and comprises a tibial platform surface and a femoral joint surface, and the shapes of the tibial platform surface and the femoral joint surface of the elastic correction pad (1) are respectively matched with the surfaces of the medial or lateral knee joint tibial platform and the femoral joint surface of a patient;

the fiber reinforced ring (2) is arranged at the edge of the elastic correction pad (1), and the thickness of the fiber reinforced ring (2) is determined according to the number of the joint varus needed to be corrected by a patient;

the elastic correction pad (1) is made of polymer, and the fiber reinforced ring (2) is made of polymer.

2. The resilient prosthesis of claim 1,

the fiber reinforced ring (2) comprises an outer side part (21), an inner side part (22), a rear side part (23) and a front side part (24), wherein the outer side part (21), the rear side part (23), the inner side part (22) and the front side part (24) are sequentially connected end to form a complete circular ring;

the thickness of the lateral part (21), the posterior part (23), the medial part (22) and the anterior part (24) is determined according to the number of the joint varus needed by the patient.

3. The resilient prosthesis of claim 2,

fiber reinforcement ribs are embedded in the fiber reinforcement rings (2).

4. The resilient prosthesis of claim 3,

the fiber reinforced rib is a nylon rib or a polyethylene rib.