CN112104015B - Battery charging method and device, terminal equipment and storage medium - Google Patents

Battery charging method and device, terminal equipment and storage medium Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112104015B
CN112104015B CN202010831935.XA CN202010831935A CN112104015B CN 112104015 B CN112104015 B CN 112104015B CN 202010831935 A CN202010831935 A CN 202010831935A CN 112104015 B CN112104015 B CN 112104015B
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charging
battery
voltage
rate
temperature
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CN112104015A (en
Inventor
郑航宇
唐梅宣
沈剑
江旭峰
黄嘉曦
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Shenzhen Immotor Technology Co ltd
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Shenzhen Immotor Technology Co ltd
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Priority to CN202010831935.XA priority Critical patent/CN112104015B/en
Priority to PCT/CN2020/134262 priority patent/WO2022036937A1/en
Publication of CN112104015A publication Critical patent/CN112104015A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/443—Methods for charging or discharging in response to temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00304—Overcurrent protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00308—Overvoltage protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00309—Overheat or overtemperature protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/007188—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters
    • H02J7/007192—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature
    • H02J7/007194—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature of the battery
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The application is applicable to the technical field of batteries, and provides a battery charging method, a device, terminal equipment and a storage medium, wherein the method comprises the following steps: sampling charging data of a battery during charging, wherein the charging data comprises temperature, battery residual capacity and monomer voltage; determining a first charging rate of the battery according to the temperature and the residual capacity of the battery, and determining a second charging rate of the battery according to the temperature and the cell voltage; determining a target charging rate from the first charging rate and the second charging rate; acquiring the safe charging voltage of the battery, and calculating the safe charging current according to the target charging multiplying power; and charging the battery according to the safe charging voltage and the safe charging current. The safety of the battery during charging can be ensured by the battery charging method.

Description

Battery charging method and device, terminal equipment and storage medium
Technical Field
The present application belongs to the field of battery technologies, and in particular, to a battery charging method and apparatus, a terminal device, and a storage medium.
Background
At present, the situation that the actual charging voltage of the battery is higher than the maximum allowable charging voltage of the battery for a long time or the situation that the actual charging current exceeds the maximum allowable charging current easily occurs in the charging process of the battery. This situation will lead to irreversible damage inside the battery and is liable to pose a risk of thermal runaway of the battery during charging. For example, there is a risk that the capacity of the battery may be degraded or the battery may explode due to overheating. In addition, these damages will further make the battery susceptible to high temperatures during charging to accelerate battery degradation, resulting in vicious cycles. Therefore, the battery in the prior art has potential safety hazard during charging.
Disclosure of Invention
The battery charging method, the battery charging device, the terminal equipment and the storage medium can solve the problem that potential safety hazards exist in the charging process of the battery in the prior art.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a battery charging method, including:
sampling charging data of a battery during charging, wherein the charging data comprises temperature, battery residual capacity and monomer voltage;
determining a first charging rate of the battery according to the temperature and the residual capacity of the battery, and determining a second charging rate of the battery according to the temperature and the cell voltage;
determining a target charging rate from the first charging rate and the second charging rate;
acquiring the safe charging voltage of the battery, and calculating the safe charging current according to the target charging multiplying power;
and charging the battery according to the safe charging voltage and the safe charging current.
In one embodiment, a thermistor and a fixed resistor are connected to the surface of the battery, and the thermistor is connected with the fixed resistor in series; the charging data of the sampling battery during charging comprises:
inputting an initial voltage to the thermistor and the fixed resistor to obtain a thermistor voltage corresponding to the thermistor;
calculating the resistance value of the thermistor according to the thermosensitive voltage, the initial voltage and the fixed resistor;
and determining the temperature generated by the battery during charging from a preset temperature resistance value table according to the resistance value.
In one embodiment, the battery includes a plurality of batteries, the temperature includes a minimum charging temperature and a maximum charging temperature of the plurality of batteries when charging, the cell voltage includes a minimum cell voltage and a maximum cell voltage of the plurality of batteries when charging, the first charging rate includes a third charging rate and a fourth charging rate, and the second charging rate includes a fifth charging rate, a sixth charging rate, a seventh charging rate and an eighth charging rate;
determining a first charge rate of the battery according to the temperature and the remaining capacity of the battery, including:
determining a third charging rate of the battery according to the minimum charging temperature and the residual capacity of the battery, and determining a fourth charging rate of the battery according to the maximum charging temperature and the residual capacity of the battery;
determining a second charge rate of the battery according to the temperature and the cell voltage, including: determining a fifth charging rate of the battery according to the minimum charging temperature and the minimum cell voltage, determining a sixth charging rate of the battery according to the minimum charging temperature and the maximum cell voltage, determining a seventh charging rate of the battery according to the maximum charging temperature and the minimum cell voltage, and determining an eighth charging rate of the battery according to the maximum charging temperature and the maximum cell voltage.
In an embodiment, the determining a target charging rate from the first charging rate and the second charging rate includes:
taking a minimum charging rate of the third charging rate, the fourth charging rate, the fifth charging rate, the sixth charging rate, the seventh charging rate, and the eighth charging rate as the target charging rate.
In one embodiment, the obtaining the safe charging voltage of the battery includes:
counting the number of the plurality of batteries and determining the charge cut-off voltage of a single battery in the plurality of batteries;
and calculating the maximum allowable charging voltage of the plurality of batteries according to the charging cut-off voltage and the quantity, and taking the maximum allowable charging voltage as the safe charging voltage.
In an embodiment, the calculating a safe charging current according to the target charging rate includes:
acquiring the nominal capacity of the battery and the battery health state of the battery;
and calculating safe charging current according to the nominal capacity, the battery health state and the target charging rate.
In an embodiment, the method further comprises:
and if the charging data of the battery during charging is not sampled and/or any sampled charging data is invalid data, setting the safe charging voltage of the battery as a preset voltage and setting the safe charging current of the battery as a preset current.
In an embodiment, after charging the battery according to the safe charging voltage and the safe charging current, the method further includes:
if the safe charging voltage is detected to be smaller than the input voltage, and/or the safe charging current is detected to be smaller than the input current, counting a first duration time that the safe charging voltage is smaller than the input voltage, and/or counting a second duration time that the safe charging current is smaller than the input current;
and when the first duration and/or the second duration are/is longer than the preset time, stopping charging the battery.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a battery charging apparatus, including:
the device comprises an adoption module, a monitoring module and a control module, wherein the adoption module is used for sampling charging data of a battery during charging, and the charging data comprises temperature, battery residual capacity and monomer voltage;
the first determination module is used for determining a first charging multiplying power of the battery according to the temperature and the residual capacity of the battery, and determining a second charging multiplying power of the battery according to the temperature and the single voltage;
a second determining module, configured to determine a target charging rate from the first charging rate and the second charging rate;
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the safe charging voltage of the battery and calculating the safe charging current according to the target charging multiplying power;
and the charging module is used for charging the battery according to the safe charging voltage and the safe charging current.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a terminal device, which includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, and the processor, when executing the computer program, implements the method according to any one of the above first aspects.
In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer program implements the method according to any one of the above first aspects.
In a fifth aspect, the present application provides a computer program product, which when run on a terminal device, causes the terminal device to execute the method of any one of the above first aspects.
According to the embodiment of the application, a plurality of charging data of the battery during charging are sampled, the target charging multiplying power of the battery at the current moment is determined according to the charging data, the safe charging current of the battery at the current moment is calculated according to the target charging multiplying power, and the safe charging voltage of the battery is acquired to charge the battery, so that the charging current and the charging voltage of the battery during charging are always in a reasonable range, and the safety of the battery during charging is further ensured.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating an implementation of a battery charging method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an implementation manner of S101 of a battery charging method according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an implementation manner of S102 of a battery charging method according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating an implementation manner of S104 of a battery charging method according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating another implementation manner of S104 of a battery charging method according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an implementation of a battery charging method according to another embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a block diagram illustrating a structure of a battery charging apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 8 is a block diagram of a terminal device according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth, such as particular system structures, techniques, etc. in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present application. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present application may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present application with unnecessary detail.
It should also be understood that the term "and/or" as used in this specification and the appended claims refers to and includes any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Furthermore, in the description of the present application and the appended claims, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for distinguishing between descriptions and not necessarily for describing or implying relative importance.
The Battery charging method provided by the embodiment of the present application can be applied to terminal devices such as a rechargeable Battery and a charging cabinet with a Battery Management System (BMS), and the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific type of the terminal device.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 shows a flowchart of an implementation of a battery charging method according to an embodiment of the present application, where the method includes the following steps:
s101, sampling charging data of the battery during charging, wherein the charging data comprises temperature, battery residual capacity and single voltage.
In application, the battery may be a rechargeable battery such as a lithium ion battery or a secondary battery. The sampling may be data sampling of the battery in real time, or may be sampling of the battery once every preset time, which is not limited. The battery changes the temperature of the battery, the remaining capacity of the battery and the cell voltage when the battery is charged. The battery Temperature is sampled by a Temperature sensor, or by arranging a thermistor (NTC) on the surface of the battery. The thermistor can be reduced in an exponential relation with the temperature rise, so that the resistance value of the thermistor can be monitored in real time, and the corresponding temperature can be determined according to the resistance value. The remaining capacity of the battery can be sampled by an electricity meter, and the electricity meter can monitor the discharge amount of the battery when the battery is discharged and the charge amount of the battery when the battery is charged, so as to calculate the remaining capacity of the battery. For the cell voltage, sampling can be performed by an Analog Front End (AFE) of the battery, and the analog Front End serves as an input End of the battery, can process an analog signal, and is suitable for acquiring data such as voltage and current.
In application, when the terminal device performs data sampling on the battery for one time, the charging data obtained by sampling can be stored in the designated positions of the register respectively, and then the terminal device acquires the charging data from the designated positions according to the preset acquisition path. However, when sampling the battery, it may happen that sampling disconnection causes inaccurate sampling data and generates charging hidden trouble. Therefore, if the charging data of the battery during charging is not sampled and/or any sampled charging data is invalid data, the safe charging voltage of the battery is set as the preset voltage, and the safe charging current of the battery is set as the preset current.
In a specific application, the invalid data includes that any charging data fails to be sampled and any charging data obtained by sampling is inaccurate, and the charging data is the invalid data. And when the preset voltage and the preset current are sampling charging data which are invalid data, setting a safety numerical value for ensuring charging safety. The safety value can be set according to actual conditions, for example, the preset voltage can be set to 0V, and the preset current can be set to 0A. For example, the charging data is invalid data, such as temperature sampling disconnection, voltage sampling disconnection, electricity meter and terminal device communication failure, and the like of the battery. Specifically, the sampled charging data can be processed through the analog front end of the battery, and whether the charging data is invalid data or not is judged. For example, if the battery is disconnected during voltage sampling, the voltage at the point of disconnection of the voltage sampling line is divided by the upper and lower internal resistances of the sampling line, and an erroneous sampling value is obtained. Therefore, if the charging voltage and the charging current are not changed in time, a failure of overcharging the battery may be caused.
S102, determining a first charging rate of the battery according to the temperature and the residual capacity of the battery, and determining a second charging rate of the battery according to the temperature and the monomer voltage.
In application, the charge rate is a measure of how fast the battery charges, and refers to the current required to charge the battery to its rated capacity at a specified time. Therefore, in order to improve the charging efficiency of the battery, the first charging rate may be set as a maximum charging rate of the battery at the current temperature and the remaining capacity, and the second charging rate may be set as a maximum charging rate of the battery at the current temperature and the cell voltage.
In application, for determining the first charging rate of the battery, a charging specification and/or a test report of the battery may be stored in advance for the terminal device, where the charging specification and/or the test report is recorded in advance with a cell voltage and maximum charging rate corresponding table of the battery at different temperatures, and a remaining battery capacity and maximum charging rate corresponding table of the battery at different temperatures. That is, it can be considered that the maximum charging rate (first charging rate) of the battery changes at different temperatures and different cell voltages. Likewise, the corresponding maximum charge rate (second charge rate) of the battery will change at different temperatures and different cell voltages. The terminal device can pre-store the corresponding table of each single voltage and the maximum charging multiplying factor of the battery at different temperatures and the corresponding table of each remaining capacity and the maximum charging multiplying factor of the battery at different temperatures, and further can determine the first charging multiplying factor and the second charging multiplying factor according to the charging data. Wherein any one of the maximum charging rates is the maximum safe charging rate recorded in the charging specification and/or the test report of the battery.
In the application, for the above table of the cell voltage and the maximum charging rate at different temperatures, the battery temperature is required to be within the usage temperature range allowed by the charging specification of the battery. If the temperature of the battery is determined to exceed the temperature range, the sampled temperature data can be considered as invalid data, the safe charging voltage of the battery is set as a preset voltage, and the safe charging current of the battery is set as a preset current. The cell voltage of the battery cannot exceed the maximum charging voltage allowed by the charging specification of the battery, otherwise, the cell voltage is determined as invalid data, which is not described again.
S103, determining a target charging rate from the first charging rate and the second charging rate.
In an application, the target charging rate may be the first charging rate, the second charging rate, or an average value of the first charging rate and the second charging rate, which is not limited herein. However, the first charging rate and the second charging rate are determined by different charging data. Therefore, in order that the battery can be charged safely while the charging efficiency can be improved, the target charging rate may be set to the minimum value of the first charging rate and the second charging rate. Furthermore, the safety of the battery during charging can be ensured, and the risk of overcharging the battery or high-temperature runaway of the battery can not be generated.
And S104, acquiring the safe charging voltage of the battery, and calculating the safe charging current according to the target charging rate.
In an application, the safe charging voltage may be a maximum charging voltage recorded in a charging specification and/or a test report of the battery, and the charging voltage is stored in advance in a specified path of the terminal device and acquired by the terminal device, or may be a maximum allowable charging voltage calculated by the terminal device according to current charging data and the charging voltage, which is not limited thereto. The safe charging current may be a maximum allowable charging current calculated according to the current charging data and the target charging rate.
In the application, the safe charging current is calculated according to a target charging rate, however, the target charging rate is related to charging data of the sampling battery during charging. The remaining battery capacity is necessarily changed when the battery is charged, and the temperature and the cell voltage may also be changed, so that the determined target charge rate is changed. Therefore, the calculated safe charging current changes along with the charging data of the sampled battery, so that the charging current of the battery is always in a reasonable range during charging.
And S105, charging the battery according to the safe charging voltage and the safe charging current.
In the application, it can be known from the content of S104 that the above-mentioned safe charging voltage is only related to the maximum charging voltage, and the value can be regarded as a fixed value during the charging period. Therefore, the input safe charging voltage can be kept unchanged, and the situation that the input charging voltage is too large can be avoided. In addition, the safe charging current can be changed according to the charging data obtained by sampling, the effect of constant-voltage current-limiting charging of the battery during charging is achieved, the charging current can be changed according to the target charging rate under the condition that the charging safety is ensured, and the charging efficiency of the battery is improved.
In this embodiment, a plurality of charging data of the battery during charging are sampled, the target charging rate of the battery at the current time is determined according to the charging data, the safe charging current of the battery at the current time is calculated according to the target charging rate, and the safe charging voltage of the battery is acquired to charge the battery, so that the charging current of the battery during charging is always within a reasonable range, and the safety of the battery during charging is ensured.
Referring to fig. 2, in an embodiment, a thermistor and a fixed resistor are connected to a surface of the battery, and the thermistor and the fixed resistor are connected in series; the step S101 of sampling charging data of the battery during charging includes the following substeps S201-S203, which are detailed as follows:
s201, inputting an initial voltage to the thermistor and the fixed resistor, and acquiring a thermistor voltage corresponding to the thermistor.
In application, the input initial voltage may be a preset fixed voltage, and both the fixed voltage and the resistance value of the fixed resistor may be stored in the terminal device in advance. After the initial voltage is input, the thermistor is connected in series with the fixed resistor, and then the fixed resistor obtains a certain voltage. At this time, the thermistor may be obtained by obtaining a thermistor voltage of the thermistor and calculating based on the input initial voltage and the fixed resistance. In other applications, the voltage of the fixed resistor may be obtained and calculated with the initial voltage to obtain the thermosensitive voltage, which is not limited. The initial voltage and the fixed resistor may be set according to actual conditions, which is not limited herein.
S202, calculating the resistance value of the thermistor according to the thermosensitive voltage, the initial voltage and the fixed resistor.
In application, after the thermosensitive voltage and the initial voltage are determined, the voltage of the fixed resistor can be obtained, and the current is calculated according to the voltage of the fixed resistor and the fixed resistor. Because the thermistor is connected with the fixed resistor in series, the thermistor at the current moment can be calculated according to the thermosensitive voltage and the current.
And S203, determining the temperature generated by the battery during charging from a preset temperature resistance table according to the resistance value.
In application, the temperature resistance table may be a temperature-resistance relationship correspondence table established in advance according to resistance characteristics of the thermistor, and the temperature resistance table may also be stored in the terminal device in advance, and the terminal device determines the temperature of the battery surface according to the resistance. At this time, the temperature of the surface of the battery is the temperature generated when the battery is charged.
In the embodiment, the temperature of the battery is obtained by setting a thermistor and a fixed resistor on the surface of the battery, inputting a fixed initial voltage to calculate the temperature of the battery according to the characteristic that the resistance value of the thermistor changes along with the temperature.
Referring to fig. 3, in an embodiment, the battery includes a plurality of batteries, the temperature includes a minimum charging temperature and a maximum charging temperature of the plurality of batteries during charging, the cell voltage includes a minimum cell voltage and a maximum cell voltage of the plurality of batteries during charging, the first charging rate includes a third charging rate and a fourth charging rate, and the second charging rate includes a fifth charging rate, a sixth charging rate, a seventh charging rate and an eighth charging rate; s102, determining a first charging rate of the battery according to the temperature and the residual capacity of the battery, and determining a second charging rate of the battery according to the temperature and the cell voltage, wherein the method comprises the following substeps S301-S302, which are detailed as follows:
s301, determining a third charging rate of the battery according to the minimum charging temperature and the residual capacity of the battery, and determining a fourth charging rate of the battery according to the maximum charging temperature and the residual capacity of the battery.
In application, when there are a plurality of batteries, the charging target may be considered as a battery pack, and the remaining battery capacity is the remaining battery pack capacity. If the remaining capacities of the batteries in the battery pack are not consistent, the remaining capacity of each battery may be obtained, and the lowest remaining capacity may be used as the remaining capacity of the battery pack, or the highest remaining capacity of the batteries may be used as the remaining capacity of the battery pack, or the average remaining capacity of the batteries may be used as the remaining capacity of the battery pack, which is not limited herein.
In an application, when charging a plurality of batteries, the temperature of each battery surface may be different. Therefore, to determine the first charge rate when charging the plurality of batteries, the temperatures of the plurality of batteries may be sampled and compared to determine the minimum charge temperature and the maximum charge temperature among the plurality of batteries, and the temperatures of the remaining batteries may be in both ranges. Therefore, it can be considered that the charging rates determined from the remaining battery temperatures are all between the third charging rate determined from the minimum charging temperature and the fourth charging rate determined from the maximum charging temperature in the case where the remaining capacities of the battery packs are identical. Therefore, only the third charging rate and the fourth charging rate need to be determined, and the steps of inquiring the rest charging rates by the terminal equipment are reduced.
In other applications, the charging rate of each battery determined according to the actual battery residual capacity of each battery and the temperature of the corresponding battery may be used as the first charging rate. Then, the target charging rate can be determined more accurately from all the first charging rate and the second charging rate, which is not limited.
S302, determining a fifth charging rate of the battery according to the minimum charging temperature and the minimum cell voltage, determining a sixth charging rate of the battery according to the minimum charging temperature and the maximum cell voltage, determining a seventh charging rate of the battery according to the maximum charging temperature and the minimum cell voltage, and determining an eighth charging rate of the battery according to the maximum charging temperature and the maximum cell voltage.
In an application, when charging battery packs, since the specifications of each battery pack may not be consistent, the cell voltages may also be different during charging. In order to enable each battery to be in the safe charging current range when the battery pack is charged, a second charging multiplying factor can be determined according to the charging temperature in the battery pack and the limiting value of the single voltage, the steps of inquiring other charging temperatures and charging multiplying factors corresponding to the single voltage are omitted, and the steps of inquiring other charging multiplying factors by the terminal equipment are reduced. Specifically, the temperature of each battery in the battery pack during charging is obtained, the minimum charging temperature and the maximum charging temperature are determined, the cell voltage of each battery during charging is determined, and the maximum cell voltage and the minimum cell voltage are determined. And according to a temperature-cell voltage-maximum charging multiplying factor correspondence table, determining a fifth charging multiplying factor corresponding to the minimum charging temperature and the minimum cell voltage, determining a sixth charging multiplying factor corresponding to the minimum charging temperature and the maximum cell voltage, determining a seventh charging multiplying factor corresponding to the maximum charging temperature and the minimum cell voltage, and determining an eighth charging multiplying factor corresponding to the maximum charging temperature and the maximum cell voltage.
In a specific embodiment, after determining the third charging rate, the fourth charging rate, the fifth charging rate, the sixth charging rate, the seventh charging rate, and the eighth charging rate, the minimum charging rate of all the charging rates may be obtained as the target charging rate. And then, under the condition that each battery is safely charged, the safe charging current obtained by calculation according to the target charging rate is the corresponding maximum allowable charging current under the current charging data, and the charging efficiency of the battery is improved.
Referring to fig. 4, in an embodiment, the step S104 of obtaining the safe charging voltage of the battery includes the following sub-steps S401 to S402, which are detailed as follows:
s401, counting the number of the plurality of batteries, and determining the charge cut-off voltage of a single battery in the plurality of batteries.
S402, calculating the maximum allowable charging voltage of the plurality of batteries according to the charging cut-off voltage and the number, and taking the maximum allowable charging voltage as the safe charging voltage.
In application, the charge cut-off voltage of the single battery can be determined according to the charge specification of the battery. Here, the charge cut-off voltage is a voltage at which the battery reaches a fully charged state during a predetermined constant current charge period, and if the battery continues to be charged after reaching the charge cut-off voltage, that is, overcharged, the battery performance and the service life are impaired. Generally, a plurality of batteries in a battery pack belong to the same type of battery, and the charge cut-off voltage of each battery is the same. That is, for multiple batteries, their maximum allowable charge voltage may be considered to be related to a single charge cutoff voltage. Specifically, the maximum allowable charging voltage may be calculated as: v ═ V × N; wherein V' is the maximum allowable charging voltage, V is the cut-off voltage of the single battery in the battery pack, and N is the number of the plurality of batteries in the battery pack. By calculating the safe charging voltage of the plurality of batteries during charging, the input voltage of the batteries during charging can be effectively controlled to be within the safe charging voltage, the charging safety of the batteries is ensured, the damage to the performance of the batteries is reduced, and the service life of the batteries is prolonged.
Referring to fig. 5, in an embodiment, the step S104 of calculating the safe charging current according to the target charging rate further includes the following sub-steps S501-S502, which are detailed as follows:
s501, acquiring the nominal capacity of the battery and the battery health state of the battery.
In the application, the nominal capacity of the battery is defined by the design and manufacture of the battery, or by the guarantee that the battery should discharge the lowest possible amount of electricity under certain discharge conditions. The State Of Health (SOH) Of the battery is a value calculated from the capacity when the battery is fully charged and the rated capacity, and is the State Of Health Of the battery. Normally, when a battery is used for a period of time, the capacity of the battery when fully charged is lower than the rated capacity of the battery. The nominal capacity can be obtained according to the charging specification of the battery, and the health state of the battery can be obtained by calculating the ratio of the capacity of the battery when the battery is fully charged sampled by an electricity meter and the rated capacity set in the charging specification of the battery. For the battery state of health, it is common that capacity fade occurs after multiple charging and discharging. Therefore, the battery health state of the battery can be set to be sampled every preset time period, and the battery health state can be updated and stored. And when the battery is charged, acquiring the health state of the battery collected last time to participate in calculation.
S502, calculating safe charging current according to the nominal capacity, the battery health state and the target charging rate.
In application, the formula for calculating the safe charging current may be: a ═ C × S × R; where a is the safe charge capacity, C is the nominal capacity, S is the battery health, and R is the target charge rate. The method comprises the steps of determining the capacity attenuation degree of the battery after multiple cycles by calculating the health state of the battery at the current moment, and further determining the safe charging current of the battery at the current moment according to the capacity attenuation degree and the target charging rate. The charging current of the battery is intelligently controlled according to the actual condition of the battery, and the safety of the battery during charging is ensured.
Referring to fig. 6, in an embodiment, after the step S105 charges the battery according to the safe charging voltage and the safe charging current, the following steps S601-S602 are further included, which are detailed as follows:
s601, if the safe charging voltage is detected to be smaller than the input voltage and/or the safe charging current is detected to be smaller than the input current, counting a first duration time that the safe charging voltage is smaller than the input voltage and/or counting a second duration time that the safe charging current is smaller than the input current.
In application, after the safe charging voltage and the safe charging current are determined, the terminal equipment can monitor the input voltage and the input current of the battery in real time in order to ensure the charging safety of the battery. Specifically, the terminal equipment is a charging cabinet, and the charging cabinet can adjust the input voltage and the input current for charging the battery according to the safe charging voltage and the safe charging current. And when the safe charging voltage is less than the input voltage, counting a first duration that the safe charging voltage is less than the input voltage, and when the safe charging voltage is less than the input voltage, counting a second duration that the safe charging voltage is less than the input voltage. In other examples, the terminal device may also be a battery with a battery management system, which is not limited to this.
And S602, when the first duration and/or the second duration are/is longer than preset time, stopping charging the battery.
In an application, the preset time may be a time period set by a user according to an actual situation, and if the first duration and/or the second duration is longer than the preset time, it may be determined that the input voltage is continuously higher than the safe charging voltage, and/or the input current is continuously higher than the safe charging current. However, a high input voltage or a high input current for a long time will cause the battery to be in an overcharged state, resulting in an increase in the temperature of the battery and damage to the inside of the battery. If the terminal equipment is a battery, the battery can enter a self-protection state, the circuit connection with the charging cabinet is actively disconnected, and the charging over-current alarm is prompted to the charging cabinet in a wireless communication mode, so that the output of current and voltage is closed.
Referring to fig. 7, fig. 7 is a block diagram of a battery charging apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The battery charging apparatus in this embodiment includes units for performing the steps in the corresponding embodiments of fig. 1 to 6. Please refer to fig. 1 to 6 and fig. 1 to 6 for the corresponding embodiments. For convenience of explanation, only the portions related to the present embodiment are shown. The battery charging apparatus 700 is applied to the first terminal, and referring to fig. 7, the battery charging apparatus 700 includes: a sampling module 710, a first determining module 720, a second determining module 730, an obtaining module 740, and a charging module 750, wherein:
the sampling module 710 is configured to sample charging data of the battery during charging, where the charging data includes a temperature, a remaining battery capacity, and a cell voltage.
A first determining module 720, configured to determine a first charging rate of the battery according to the temperature and the remaining battery capacity, and determine a second charging rate of the battery according to the temperature and the cell voltage.
A second determining module 730, configured to determine a target charging rate from the first charging rate and the second charging rate.
The obtaining module 740 is configured to obtain a safe charging voltage of the battery, and calculate a safe charging current according to the target charging rate.
And a charging module 750 configured to charge the battery according to the safe charging voltage and the safe charging current.
In one embodiment, a thermistor and a fixed resistor are connected to the surface of the battery, and the thermistor is connected with the fixed resistor in series; the sampling module 710 is further configured to:
inputting an initial voltage to the thermistor and the fixed resistor to obtain a thermistor voltage corresponding to the thermistor;
calculating the resistance value of the thermistor according to the thermosensitive voltage, the initial voltage and the fixed resistor;
and determining the temperature generated by the battery during charging from a preset temperature resistance value table according to the resistance value.
In one embodiment, the battery includes a plurality of batteries, the temperature includes a minimum charging temperature and a maximum charging temperature of the plurality of batteries when charging, the cell voltage includes a minimum cell voltage and a maximum cell voltage of the plurality of batteries when charging, the first charging rate includes a third charging rate and a fourth charging rate, and the second charging rate includes a fifth charging rate, a sixth charging rate, a seventh charging rate and an eighth charging rate; the first determining module 720 is further configured to:
determining a third charging rate of the battery according to the minimum charging temperature and the residual capacity of the battery, and determining a fourth charging rate of the battery according to the maximum charging temperature and the residual capacity of the battery;
determining a second charge rate of the battery according to the temperature and the cell voltage, including: determining a fifth charging rate of the battery according to the minimum charging temperature and the minimum cell voltage, determining a sixth charging rate of the battery according to the minimum charging temperature and the maximum cell voltage, determining a seventh charging rate of the battery according to the maximum charging temperature and the minimum cell voltage, and determining an eighth charging rate of the battery according to the maximum charging temperature and the maximum cell voltage.
In an embodiment, the second determining module 730 is further configured to:
taking a minimum charging rate of the third charging rate, the fourth charging rate, the fifth charging rate, the sixth charging rate, the seventh charging rate, and the eighth charging rate as the target charging rate.
In an embodiment, the obtaining module 740 is further configured to:
counting the number of the plurality of batteries and determining the charge cut-off voltage of a single battery in the plurality of batteries;
and calculating the maximum allowable charging voltage of the plurality of batteries according to the charging cut-off voltage and the quantity, and taking the maximum allowable charging voltage as the safe charging voltage.
In an embodiment, the obtaining module 740 is further configured to:
acquiring the nominal capacity of the battery and the battery health state of the battery;
and calculating safe charging current according to the nominal capacity, the battery health state and the target charging rate.
In one embodiment, the battery charging apparatus 700 further comprises:
and the setting module is used for setting the safe charging voltage of the battery as a preset voltage and setting the safe charging current of the battery as a preset current if the charging data of the battery during charging is not sampled and/or any sampled charging data is invalid data.
In one embodiment, the battery charging apparatus 700 further comprises: :
the detection module is used for counting a first duration time that the safe charging voltage is smaller than the input voltage and/or counting a second duration time that the safe charging current is smaller than the input current if the safe charging voltage is detected to be smaller than the input voltage and/or the safe charging current is detected to be smaller than the input current;
and the stopping module is used for stopping charging the battery when the first duration and/or the second duration is/are greater than preset time.
It should be understood that, in the structural block diagram of the battery charging apparatus shown in fig. 8, each unit/module is used to execute each step in the embodiment corresponding to fig. 1 to 7, and each step in the embodiment corresponding to fig. 1 to 7 has been explained in detail in the above embodiment, and specific reference is made to the relevant description in the embodiment corresponding to fig. 1 to 7 and fig. 1 to 7, which is not repeated herein.
Fig. 8 is a block diagram of a terminal device according to another embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 8, the terminal device 80 of this embodiment includes: a processor 81, a memory 82 and a computer program 83, such as a program for a battery charging method, stored in the memory 82 and executable on the processor 81. The processor 81, when executing the computer program 83, implements the steps in the various embodiments of the battery charging methods described above, such as S101 to S105 shown in fig. 1. Alternatively, the processor 81 executes the computer program 83 to implement the functions of the units in the embodiment corresponding to fig. 8, for example, the functions of the units 810 to 830 shown in fig. 8, specifically referring to the related description in the embodiment corresponding to fig. 8.
Illustratively, the computer program 83 may be divided into one or more units, which are stored in the memory 82 and executed by the processor 81 to accomplish the present application. One or more of the elements may be a series of computer program instruction segments capable of performing specific functions, which are used to describe the execution of the computer program 83 in the terminal device 80. For example, the computer program 83 may be divided into: the device comprises a sampling unit, a first determining unit, a second determining unit, an obtaining unit and a charging unit, wherein the specific functions of the units are as above.
The terminal device may include, but is not limited to, a processor 81, a memory 82. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that fig. 8 is merely an example of a terminal device 80 and does not constitute a limitation of terminal device 80 and may include more or fewer components than shown, or some components may be combined, or different components, e.g., the terminal device may also include input-output devices, network access devices, buses, etc.
The processor 81 may be a central processing unit, but may also be other general purpose processors, digital signal processors, application specific integrated circuits, off-the-shelf programmable gate arrays or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, or the like. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like.
The storage 82 may be an internal storage unit of the terminal device 80, such as a hard disk or a memory of the terminal device 80. The memory 82 may also be an external storage device of the terminal device 80, such as a plug-in hard disk, a smart card, a secure digital card, a flash memory card, etc. provided on the terminal device 80. Further, the memory 82 may also include both an internal storage unit of the terminal device 80 and an external storage device.
The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and not to limit the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not substantially depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present application and are intended to be included within the scope of the present application.

Claims (9)

1. A method of charging a battery, comprising:
sampling charging data of a battery during charging, wherein the charging data comprises temperature, battery residual capacity and monomer voltage; the battery comprises a plurality of batteries, the temperature comprises a minimum charging temperature and a maximum charging temperature of the plurality of batteries during charging, and the cell voltage comprises a minimum cell voltage and a maximum cell voltage of the plurality of batteries during charging;
determining a first charging rate of the battery according to the temperature and the residual capacity of the battery, and determining a second charging rate of the battery according to the temperature and the cell voltage;
determining a target charging rate from the first charging rate and the second charging rate;
acquiring the safe charging voltage of the battery, and calculating the safe charging current according to the target charging multiplying power;
charging the battery according to the safe charging voltage and the safe charging current;
the first charging multiplying power comprises a third charging multiplying power and a fourth charging multiplying power, and the second charging multiplying power comprises a fifth charging multiplying power, a sixth charging multiplying power, a seventh charging multiplying power and an eighth charging multiplying power; determining a first charge rate of the battery according to the temperature and the remaining capacity of the battery, including:
determining a third charging rate of the battery according to the minimum charging temperature and the residual capacity of the battery, and determining a fourth charging rate of the battery according to the maximum charging temperature and the residual capacity of the battery;
determining a second charge rate of the battery according to the temperature and the cell voltage, including:
determining a fifth charging rate of the battery according to the minimum charging temperature and the minimum cell voltage, determining a sixth charging rate of the battery according to the minimum charging temperature and the maximum cell voltage, determining a seventh charging rate of the battery according to the maximum charging temperature and the minimum cell voltage, and determining an eighth charging rate of the battery according to the maximum charging temperature and the maximum cell voltage.
2. The battery charging method according to claim 1, wherein a thermistor and a fixed resistor are connected to a surface of the battery, the thermistor being connected in series with the fixed resistor;
the charging data of the sampling battery during charging comprises:
inputting an initial voltage to the thermistor and the fixed resistor to obtain a thermistor voltage corresponding to the thermistor;
calculating the resistance value of the thermistor according to the thermosensitive voltage, the initial voltage and the fixed resistor;
and determining the temperature generated by the battery during charging from a preset temperature resistance value table according to the resistance value.
3. The battery charging method of claim 1, wherein said determining a target charge rate from said first charge rate and said second charge rate comprises:
taking a minimum charging rate of the third charging rate, the fourth charging rate, the fifth charging rate, the sixth charging rate, the seventh charging rate, and the eighth charging rate as the target charging rate.
4. The battery charging method of claim 1, wherein said obtaining a safe charging voltage of said battery comprises:
counting the number of the plurality of batteries and determining the charge cut-off voltage of a single battery in the plurality of batteries;
and calculating the maximum allowable charging voltage of the plurality of batteries according to the charging cut-off voltage and the quantity, and taking the maximum allowable charging voltage as the safe charging voltage.
5. A method for charging a battery as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said calculating a safe charging current from said target charging rate comprises:
acquiring the nominal capacity of the battery and the battery health state of the battery;
and calculating safe charging current according to the nominal capacity, the battery health state and the target charging rate.
6. The battery charging method of claim 1, further comprising:
and if the charging data of the battery during charging is not sampled and/or any sampled charging data is invalid data, setting the safe charging voltage of the battery as a preset voltage and setting the safe charging current of the battery as a preset current.
7. The battery charging method according to claim 1, further comprising, after charging the battery at the safe charging voltage and the safe charging current:
if the safe charging voltage is detected to be smaller than the input voltage, and/or the safe charging current is detected to be smaller than the input current, counting a first duration time that the safe charging voltage is smaller than the input voltage, and/or counting a second duration time that the safe charging current is smaller than the input current;
and when the first duration and/or the second duration are/is longer than the preset time, stopping charging the battery.
8. A terminal device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor implements the method according to any of claims 1 to 7 when executing the computer program.
9. A computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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