CN112100895A - Layered model correction method and system for bolt connection combined structure - Google Patents
Layered model correction method and system for bolt connection combined structure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a layered model correction method and a layered model correction system for a bolt connection combined structure, and belongs to the field of model correction. The method comprises the following steps: dividing the bolted composite structure into a plurality of levels according to a substructure mode; respectively creating a finite element model for the substructure of each level; performing modal test on the substructure of each level to obtain test modal parameters of the substructure of each level, wherein the test modal parameters are previous N-order test modal parameters, and N is more than or equal to the number of parameters to be corrected of the substructure; and correcting the finite element model of each level step by step from the substructure at the lowest layer to the substructure at the uppermost layer based on the test modal parameters of the substructure of each level and the modal parameters of the finite element model. Only one error source is considered in the correction process, so that the problems that the physical significance of the parameters is lost due to excessive error sources and the correction is carried out under an underdetermined condition are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of model correction, in particular to a layered model correction method and a layered model correction system for a bolt connection combined structure.
Background
When a complex engineering structure is subjected to finite element modeling, the finite element model often has larger deviation from an actual model due to discrete errors, parameter errors and unreasonable simplification, and the dynamic characteristics of the structure cannot be correctly predicted. After the initial model is established, the finite element model is also required to be modified. The purpose of model correction is to obtain a model of a fitting experiment by matching the experimental data of the finite element model and the actual model, so as to predict the mechanical characteristics of the structure. The parameter type model correction method is to select the physical parameters to be corrected through sensitivity analysis and carry out optimization design. The parametric model correction method has a clear physical meaning, and thus has wide application in engineering.
The bolt connecting structure is a combined structure, and because the structure is complex, the direct correction of the bolt connecting structure often has the following two problems: 1. because of more error sources and more parameters needing to be corrected, the result is usually the over-optimization of the parameters, and the physical meaning of the parameters is lost in the correction process; 2. for model correction, in order to ensure the reliability of the correction result, the correction is required to be performed under an underdetermined condition, that is, the number of test results serving as a reference is greater than or equal to the number of parameters to be corrected, and the combined structure has many error sources, which is often difficult to satisfy, so that the correction is performed under the underdetermined condition.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the foregoing analysis, embodiments of the present invention are directed to providing a method and a system for modifying a layered model of a bolt connection composite structure, so as to solve the problems that when a model of a bolt connection composite structure is modified, due to a complex structure and a large number of parameters to be modified, the modified result is an over-optimization of the parameters, the physical meaning of the parameters is lost in the modification process, and the modification is performed under an underdetermined condition.
In one aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for modifying a layer model for a bolt connection combination structure, where the method includes the following steps:
dividing the bolted composite structure into a plurality of levels according to a substructure mode;
respectively creating a finite element model for the substructure of each level;
performing modal test on the substructure of each level respectively to obtain the previous N-order test modal parameters of the substructure of each level, wherein N is more than or equal to the number of parameters to be corrected of the substructure;
and correcting the finite element model of each level step by step from the substructure at the lowest layer to the substructure at the uppermost layer based on the previous N-step test modal parameters of the substructure of each level and the modal parameters of the finite element model.
On the basis of the scheme, the invention is further improved as follows:
further, the dividing the bolt connection combined structure into a plurality of levels according to the manner of the substructure comprises:
step S101: taking the bolted composite structure as an uppermost substructure;
step S102: dividing the substructure at the top layer into two substructures by taking any connection as a dividing line to form a new level;
step S103: respectively judging whether connection exists in all the substructures in the new hierarchy; if so, continuously splitting the connected substructure to form a new level; otherwise, layering is finished;
step S104: and repeating the step S103 until all the substructures in the new hierarchy have no connection, and ending the layering.
Further, the creating a finite element model for each level of the substructure includes simulating bolts using beam elements or multi-point constraint elements.
Further, the step of respectively creating a finite element model for each level of the substructure comprises simulating the rigidity of the joint surface of the connected structure by adopting a virtual material.
Further, the simulating rigidity between the connected structures by using the virtual materials comprises: at the junction surface of the connected structures, replacing a part of one of the connected structures with a dummy material having the same initial material parameters and unit dimensions as the original structure being replaced.
Further, the portion replaced with the dummy material is 10% to 20% of the thickness of the one of the connected structures.
Further, the step-by-step modification of the finite element model of each layer includes:
carrying out model correction on the substructure at the lowest layer according to the previous N-order test modal parameters of the substructure at the lowest layer to obtain a corrected model of the substructure at the lowest layer;
after the correction of the model at the lowest layer is finished, bringing the corrected model of the substructure at the lowest layer into the substructure at the upper layer, and continuing to perform model correction on the substructure at the upper layer according to the test modal parameters of the substructure at the upper layer;
until the model correction of the substructure at the uppermost layer is completed;
the former N-order test modal parameters comprise a natural frequency and a mode shape.
Further, model modification is performed by using a modal-based iterative optimization algorithm.
Further, the performing model modification by using a modality-based iterative optimization algorithm includes: establishing an objective function by taking the material parameter or the geometric parameter of the substructure as a parameter vector to be corrected and taking the test modal parameter of the substructure as a correction target
Where x is the parameter vector to be modified of the substructure, ftestAs a test modal parameter of the substructure, ffem(x) Adopting the former N-order modal parameter of the finite element model of the substructure when x is adopted, x1And x2Respectively the lower limit and the upper limit of the parameter vector x to be corrected; the modal parameters of the finite element model include a natural frequency and a mode shape.
In another aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a system for modifying a hierarchical model for a bolt connection combination structure, where the system includes:
the layering module is used for dividing the bolt connection combined structure into a plurality of levels according to a substructure mode;
the modeling module is used for respectively creating a finite element model for the substructure of each level;
the modal experiment module is used for respectively carrying out modal experiments on the substructures of each level to obtain the previous N-order experimental modal parameters of the substructures of each level, wherein N is more than or equal to the number of the to-be-corrected parameters of the substructures;
and the model correction module is used for correcting the finite element model of each level step by step from the substructure at the lowest layer to the substructure at the uppermost layer based on the previous N-order test modal parameters of the substructure of each level and the modal parameters of the finite element model.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can realize at least one of the following beneficial effects:
(1) after the bolt connection combined structure is layered, connection does not exist in the substructure of the lowest layer, and only material parameters and geometric parameters of the substructure of the lowest layer are considered during model correction, so that the substructure is of the attribute of the substructure, and only one error source of the substructure of the lowest layer is available; for the substructures containing connection, when the model modified by the lower-layer substructures is brought into the substructures, only one error source caused by the connection between the lower-layer substructures exists, so that the problems of parameter over-optimization and parameter physical significance lack caused by excessive parameters to be modified can be avoided during modification.
(2) Because only one error source is considered, the number of parameters to be corrected is not excessive, the former N-order modal parameters of the substructure are taken as a reference, N is more than or equal to the number of the parameters to be corrected of the substructure, and the correction is not carried out under an underdetermined condition, so that the correction result is more reliable and the efficiency is higher.
(3) A part of the original structure is taken as a virtual material layer instead of a newly added virtual material layer, so that the geometric dimension of the original structure is not changed, the thickness of the virtual material layer is changed according to the original structure instead of fixed thickness, the method has stronger adaptability and more reasonable simulation effect.
(4) The initial material parameters of the virtual material layer are set as the material parameters of the original structure, and more accurate parameters can be further obtained through model correction in the subsequent model correction step.
In the invention, the technical schemes can be combined with each other to realize more preferable combination schemes. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, wherein like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for modifying a layer model of a bolted composite structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a layered model modification system for a bolted composite structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a layering process for a bolted composite structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a flange assembly connected by bolts according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
c1-component; c3-component; c4-component; c5-component;
l1-linkage; l2-linkage; l3-linkage;
a P0-substructure; a P1-substructure; a P2-substructure; a P3-substructure; a P4-substructure; a P5-substructure; a P6-substructure;
201-outer flange; 202-inner flange; 203-bolt.
Detailed Description
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention.
Example one
The embodiment of the invention discloses a method for correcting a layered model of a bolt connection combined structure, which comprises the following steps as shown in fig. 1:
and step S1, dividing the bolt connection combined structure into a plurality of levels according to the manner of a substructure.
Specifically, the dividing the bolt connection combined structure into a plurality of levels according to the manner of the substructure includes:
step S101, taking the bolt connection combined structure as an uppermost layer substructure;
s102, dividing the substructure at the uppermost layer into two substructures by taking any connection as a dividing line to form a new level;
step S103, respectively judging whether connection exists in all the substructures in the new hierarchy; if so, continuously splitting the connected substructure to form a new level; otherwise, layering is finished;
and S104, repeating the step S103 until all the substructures in the new hierarchy are not connected, and ending the layering.
The present embodiment takes a flange assembly structure connected by bolts as an example, and a specific description is given. As shown in fig. 4, the flange assembly structure includes an outer flange and an inner flange, and the outer flange and the inner flange are connected by bolts.
Firstly, the flange composite structure is taken as the upper-most substructure.
The outer flange and the inner flange are connected through bolts, the connection is used as a dividing line, and the upper-most substructure is divided into two substructures to form a new layer. The two substructures on the layer respectively comprise an outer flange and an inner flange, no connection exists, and layering is finished.
This is the simplest two-layer structure, and for complex structures, layering is performed based on the same principle, as described in example three below.
Step S2, creating a finite element model for each level of the substructure.
The method comprises the following steps of simulating bolts by using beam units or multipoint constraint units, and simulating the rigidity of a joint surface of a connected structure by using virtual materials.
In order not to change the geometric dimension of the original structure, a part of one connected structure is replaced by a virtual material at the joint surface of the connected structure, and the initial material parameters and unit size of the virtual material are the same as those of the replaced original structure.
Preferably, the part of the dummy material replaced is 10% -20% of the thickness of the one connected structure, and the thickness of the dummy material is not a fixed thickness and is variable according to the thickness of the original structure to be replaced, so that the dummy material has stronger adaptability.
Illustratively, finite element models are respectively created for the flange composite structure at the uppermost layer, the outer flange and the inner flange at the lowermost layer.
When a finite element model is established for the flange composite structure on the uppermost layer, a beam unit is adopted to simulate a bolt, and the two ends of the bolt unit are connected with connected structures at the two ends by adopting a multipoint constraint method.
And replacing 10-20% of the thickness of the outer flange with a virtual material, wherein the initial material parameters and the unit size of the virtual material are the same as those of the replaced part of the outer flange. The initial material parameters of the virtual material include modulus of elasticity and poisson's ratio.
And step S3, performing modal tests on the substructures of each level respectively to obtain the previous N-order test modal parameters of the substructures of each level, wherein N is more than or equal to the number of the parameters to be corrected of the substructures.
Taking the flange combination structure as an example, the mode test is respectively carried out on the outer flange, the inner flange and the flange combination structure. The parameters to be corrected of the outer flange and the inner flange are both the elastic modulus and the poisson ratio, so in this embodiment, when the outer flange and the inner flange are respectively subjected to modal tests, the first 2-order test modal parameters are taken. When the upper-layer flange composite structure is subjected to modal testing, the parameters to be corrected comprise the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio of the beam unit and the virtual material, the number of the parameters is 4, at the moment, N is 4, and therefore the first 4-order testing modal parameters of the flange composite structure are obtained. The test mode parameters include natural frequency and mode shape.
And step S4, based on the previous N-order test modal parameters of the substructure of each level and the modal parameters of the finite element model, correcting the finite element model of each level step by step from the substructure of the lowest level to the substructure of the uppermost level.
The step-by-step modification of the finite element model of each level comprises:
carrying out model correction on the substructure at the lowest layer according to the previous N-order test modal parameters of the substructure at the lowest layer to obtain a corrected model of the substructure at the lowest layer; after the correction of the model at the lowest layer is finished, bringing the corrected model of the substructure at the lowest layer into the substructure at the upper layer, and continuing to perform model correction on the substructure at the upper layer according to the test modal parameters of the substructure at the upper layer; and finishing the model correction of the substructure at the uppermost layer.
And performing model correction by using a modal-based iterative optimization algorithm.
The former N-order test modal parameters comprise a natural frequency and a mode shape.
The specific iterative optimization algorithm based on the modality comprises the following steps: establishing an objective function by taking the material parameter or the geometric parameter of the substructure as a parameter vector to be corrected and taking the test modal parameter of the substructure as a correction target
Where x is the parameter vector to be modified of the substructure, ftestAs a test modal parameter of the substructure, ffem(x) Adopting the former N-order modal parameter of the finite element model of the substructure when x is adopted, x1And x2Respectively the lower limit and the upper limit of the parameter vector x to be corrected; the modal parameters of the finite element model include a natural frequency and a mode shape.
Illustratively, model modifications are first made to the outer and inner flanges of the lowermost layer of the flange assembly.
Taking an outer flange as an example, the first 2-stage test die of the outer flangeThe state parameter is a correction target, the elastic modulus and the Poisson's ratio of the material parameter of the outer flange are taken as a parameter vector to be corrected, and the material parameter is the inherent property of the outer flange and can be regarded as an error source. Establishing an objective function
Wherein x is the parameter vector to be corrected of the outer flange, including the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio, ftestTest mode parameters for the outer flange, including natural frequency and mode, ffem(x) When x is adopted, the front 2-order modal parameters of the finite element model of the outer flange comprise natural frequency and mode shape, and x1And x2Respectively, a lower limit and an upper limit of the parameter vector x to be corrected. And performing iterative optimization through an optimization algorithm, such as a least square method, and finishing model modification of the outer flange when the difference between the modal parameters of the finite element model of the outer flange and the test modal parameters of the outer flange is minimum.
The inner flange was model-corrected according to the same method.
When the model of the flange composite structure is corrected, the corrected outer flange model and the corrected inner flange model are brought into a finite element model of the flange composite structure, and at the moment, an error source of the flange composite structure is only connected by bolts and is an error source caused by connection uncertainty. The elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio of the beam unit and the virtual material are used as the to-be-corrected parameter vector of the flange composite structure, the first 4-order test modal parameter of the flange composite structure is used as a correction target, and the correction target is substituted into a target correction function
Wherein x is a parameter vector to be corrected of the flange combined structure, including the elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio of the beam unit and the virtual material, and ftestThe first 4-order test modal parameters of the flange combined structure comprise natural frequency and mode shape ffem(x) When x is adopted, the first 4-order modal parameters of the finite element model of the flange composite structure comprise natural frequency and mode shape, and x1And x2Respectively, a lower limit and an upper limit of the parameter vector x to be corrected. Using iterative optimization algorithm to pair bandsAnd optimizing the correction parameters to finish model correction of the flange combined structure.
Compared with the prior art, the method for modifying the layered model of the bolt connection combined structure has the following effective effects:
(1) after the bolt connection combined structure is layered, connection does not exist in the substructure of the lowest layer, and only material parameters and geometric parameters of the substructure of the lowest layer are considered during model correction, so that the substructure is of the attribute of the substructure, and only one error source of the substructure of the lowest layer is available; for the substructures containing connection, when the model modified by the lower-layer substructures is brought into the substructures, only one error source caused by the connection between the lower-layer substructures exists, so that the problems of parameter over-optimization and parameter physical significance lack caused by excessive parameters to be modified can be avoided during modification.
(2) Because only one error source is considered, the number of parameters to be corrected is not excessive, the former N-order modal parameters of the substructure are taken as a reference, N is more than or equal to the number of the parameters to be corrected of the substructure, and the correction is not carried out under an underdetermined condition, so that the correction result is more reliable and the efficiency is higher.
(3) A part of the original structure is taken as a virtual material layer instead of a newly added virtual material layer, so that the geometric dimension of the original structure is not changed, the thickness of the virtual material layer is changed according to the original structure instead of fixed thickness, the method has stronger adaptability and more reasonable simulation effect.
(4) The initial material parameters of the virtual material layer are set as the material parameters of the original structure, and more accurate parameters can be further obtained through model correction in the subsequent model correction step.
Example two
The embodiment discloses a hierarchical model correction system for a bolted composite structure, which comprises:
the layering module is used for dividing the bolt connection combined structure into a plurality of levels according to a substructure mode; the specific hierarchical process is described in embodiment one, and will not be repeated here.
The modeling module is used for respectively creating a finite element model for the substructure of each level; the specific modeling process is described in example one, and will not be repeated here.
The modal experiment module is used for performing modal experiments on the substructures of each level respectively to obtain previous N-order experimental modal parameters of the substructures of each level, and N is more than or equal to the number of the to-be-corrected parameters of the substructures; the specific procedures for performing the modal test and obtaining the test modal parameters are described in example one, and are not repeated here.
The model correction module is used for correcting the finite element model of each level step by step from the substructure at the lowest layer to the substructure at the uppermost layer based on the previous N-step test modal parameters of the substructure of each level and the modal parameters of the finite element model; the specific process of performing model modification is described in example one, and will not be repeated here.
EXAMPLE III
This embodiment further illustrates how the composite structure is layered in conjunction with fig. 3. .
The combined structure in fig. 3 comprises four components C1, C2, C3 and C4, an L1 connection connects component C1 and component C2 via a connection L1, component C2 and component C3 via a connection L2, and component C3 and component C4 via a connection L3.
The entire composite structure is first taken as the uppermost substructure P0;
with any connection as a dividing line, illustratively, with connection L1 as a dividing line, the composite structure is divided into two sub-structures P1 and P2, forming a new layer. Substructure P1 includes only part C1 and substructure P2 includes part C2, part C3, part C4, and connections L2, L3.
The substructure P1 is not connected in the middle and is no longer layered. The substructure P2 contains the connections and the hierarchy of the substructure continues, illustratively with the connection L2 as the dividing line, dividing the substructure P2 into a substructure P3 comprising only the component C2 and a substructure P4 comprising the component C3, the connection L3 and the component C4, and the substructure P4 contains the connections and continues to divide the substructure P4 into a substructure P5 and a substructure P6.
And (4) connection does not exist in the substructures P5 and P6, and layering is finished.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the flow of the method implementing the above embodiments may be implemented by a computer program, which is stored in a computer readable storage medium, to instruct related hardware. The computer readable storage medium is a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a read-only memory or a random access memory.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A layered model correction method for a bolt connection combined structure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
dividing the bolted composite structure into a plurality of levels according to a substructure mode;
respectively creating a finite element model for the substructure of each level;
performing modal test on the substructure of each level respectively to obtain the previous N-order test modal parameters of the substructure of each level, wherein N is more than or equal to the number of parameters to be corrected of the substructure;
and correcting the finite element model of each level step by step from the substructure at the lowest layer to the substructure at the uppermost layer based on the previous N-step test modal parameters of the substructure of each level and the modal parameters of the finite element model.
2. The method for modifying a hierarchical model for a bolted composite structure according to claim 1, wherein the dividing of the bolted composite structure into a plurality of levels in a sub-structural manner comprises:
step S101: taking the bolted composite structure as an uppermost substructure;
step S102: dividing the substructure at the top layer into two substructures by taking any connection as a dividing line to form a new level;
step S103: respectively judging whether connection exists in all the substructures in the new hierarchy; if so, continuously splitting the connected substructure to form a new level; otherwise, layering is finished;
step S104: and repeating the step S103 until all the substructures in the new hierarchy have no connection, and ending the layering.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the creating a finite element model for each level of substructure comprises simulating bolts using beam elements or multi-point constrained elements.
4. The method for modifying a layered model of a bolted composite structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the creation of a finite element model for each level of substructure separately comprises simulating the stiffness of the joined structural joint surfaces with a virtual material.
5. The method for modifying a layer model of a bolted composite structure according to claim 4, wherein the simulating the rigidity between the connected structures with the virtual material comprises: at the junction surface of the connected structures, replacing a part of one of the connected structures with a dummy material having the same initial material parameters and unit dimensions as the original structure being replaced.
6. The method of modifying a layer model for a bolted composite structure according to claim 5, characterized in that the portion of the replacement dummy material is between 10% and 20% of the thickness of said one of the connected structures.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the step-wise modifying the finite element model at each level comprises:
carrying out model correction on the substructure at the lowest layer according to the previous N-order test modal parameters of the substructure at the lowest layer to obtain a corrected model of the substructure at the lowest layer;
after the correction of the model at the lowest layer is finished, bringing the corrected model of the substructure at the lowest layer into the substructure at the upper layer, and continuing to perform model correction on the substructure at the upper layer according to the test modal parameters of the substructure at the upper layer;
until the model correction of the substructure at the uppermost layer is completed;
the former N-order test modal parameters comprise a natural frequency and a mode shape.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the model modification is performed using a modal-based iterative optimization algorithm.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the model modification using a modal-based iterative optimization algorithm comprises: establishing an objective function by taking the material parameter or the geometric parameter of the substructure as a parameter vector to be corrected and taking the test modal parameter of the substructure as a correction target
Where x is the parameter vector to be modified of the substructure, ftestAs a test modal parameter of the substructure, ffem(x) Adopting the former N-order modal parameter of the finite element model of the substructure when x is adopted, x1And x2Respectively the lower limit and the upper limit of the parameter vector x to be corrected; the modal parameters of the finite element model include a natural frequency and a mode shape.
10. A system for hierarchical model revision to a bolted composite structure, comprising:
the layering module is used for dividing the bolt connection combined structure into a plurality of levels according to a substructure mode;
the modeling module is used for respectively creating a finite element model for the substructure of each level;
the modal experiment module is used for respectively carrying out modal experiments on the substructures of each level to obtain the previous N-order experimental modal parameters of the substructures of each level, wherein N is more than or equal to the number of the to-be-corrected parameters of the substructures;
and the model correction module is used for correcting the finite element model of each level step by step from the substructure at the lowest layer to the substructure at the uppermost layer based on the previous N-order test modal parameters of the substructure of each level and the modal parameters of the finite element model.
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