CN112099536A - Low-cost and high-efficiency power generation control method for photovoltaic panel - Google Patents
Low-cost and high-efficiency power generation control method for photovoltaic panel Download PDFInfo
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- CN112099536A CN112099536A CN202010973812.XA CN202010973812A CN112099536A CN 112099536 A CN112099536 A CN 112099536A CN 202010973812 A CN202010973812 A CN 202010973812A CN 112099536 A CN112099536 A CN 112099536A
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D3/00—Control of position or direction
- G05D3/12—Control of position or direction using feedback
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
- G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
- H02S20/30—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment
- H02S20/32—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment specially adapted for solar tracking
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
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- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a low-cost and high-efficiency power generation control method for a photovoltaic panel, which comprises the following steps of: the switch drives the control system to work; obtaining the initial position of the photovoltaic panel through the matching of the microprocessor and the Beidou module; the driving assembly drives the photovoltaic panel to preliminarily track the sun; the weather condition is judged in real time through the threshold value and the irradiation time of the irradiator in one detection period: the driving assembly drives the photovoltaic panel to finely adjust and select the maximum assembly power; and the photovoltaic panel feeds back correction data to the microprocessor. The driving assembly drives the photovoltaic panel to be finely adjusted, so that the phenomena that the sensitivity is low and the solar energy cannot be efficiently utilized in a passive solar tracking mode are reduced. The weather condition is judged through the threshold value and the irradiation time of the irradiator in one detection period, the solar energy component is ensured to work under the relative maximum power under any weather condition, and finally the power generation capacity of the photovoltaic power station is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of photovoltaic panel power generation, in particular to a low-cost and high-efficiency power generation control method for a photovoltaic panel.
Background
The tracker is a core component of the low-power light condensation system, can adjust the angle of the solar cell panel, and continuously changes along with the change of the position of the sun, namely tracks the sun, and improves the utilization rate of solar energy to the maximum extent. At present, most of tracking systems on the market adopt an alternating current driving scheme of a PLC and a frequency converter, an azimuth angle and an altitude angle are divided into a plurality of equal parts according to time, and a motor is driven by a controller to rotate according to a fixed angle in a fixed time period so as to track the sun. These methods are passive sun tracking methods, and have low sensitivity and cannot efficiently use solar energy. In addition, the PLC and frequency converter control scheme adopts a photoelectric sensor, so that the service lives of the PLC and the frequency converter can be influenced when the ambient temperature is too high; in cloudy and sandy weather, the tracking precision is not accurate and the angle of the component is not consistent due to unstable working of the sensor; the phenomenon that the bracket system is blown to deform under the condition of strong wind.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a low-cost and high-efficiency power generation control method for a photovoltaic panel, which can effectively solve the technical problems.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the following technical scheme is adopted: the low-cost and high-efficiency power generation control method for the photovoltaic panel comprises the following steps:
the switch drives the control system to work;
obtaining the initial position of the photovoltaic panel through the matching of the microprocessor and the Beidou module;
the driving assembly drives the photovoltaic panel to preliminarily track the sun;
the weather condition is judged in real time through the threshold value and the irradiation time of the irradiator in one detection period:
the driving assembly drives the photovoltaic panel to finely adjust and select the maximum assembly power;
and the photovoltaic panel feeds back correction data to the microprocessor.
Preferably, the Beidou module calculates the altitude and azimuth of the sun by longitude, date and time.
Preferably, one detection period is thirty minutes;
when the threshold range is larger than 200w/m2And the irradiation time is 30 minutes, which is sunny day;
when the threshold range is larger than 200w/m2And the irradiation time is more than 10 minutes and less than 30 minutes, and is cloudy;
when the threshold range is larger than 200w/m2And the irradiation time is less than 10 minutes or the threshold range is less than 200w/m2It is a cloudy day.
Preferably, the driving assembly drives the photovoltaic panel to be laid flat on cloudy days.
Preferably, the photovoltaic panel trimming employs the following steps:
the driving motor drives the photovoltaic panel to swing for 5 degrees around the initial position;
the driving motor swings in the reverse direction for 10 degrees, and the photovoltaic panel samples data once when swinging for 0.5 degrees;
the driving assembly is controlled by the microprocessor to drive the photovoltaic panel to move to the maximum assembly power point.
Preferably, the correction data comprises: and the maximum assembly power and the rotation angle of the photovoltaic panel in one detection period.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the driving assembly drives the photovoltaic panel to be finely adjusted, so that the phenomena that the sensitivity is low and the solar energy cannot be efficiently utilized in a passive solar tracking mode are reduced. The weather condition is judged through the threshold value and the irradiation time of the irradiator in one detection period, the solar energy component is ensured to work under the relative maximum power under any weather condition, and finally the power generation capacity of the photovoltaic power station is improved. .
2. And feeding back the correction data to the microprocessor, continuously updating the initial data of the photovoltaic panel, simplifying the tracking mode of the photovoltaic panel and improving the light energy utilization rate of the photovoltaic panel.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall operation of a low-cost and high-efficiency power generation control method for a photovoltaic panel in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a low-cost and high-efficiency power generation control method for a photovoltaic panel includes the following steps:
and S1, the switch drives the control system to work.
And S2, obtaining the initial position of the photovoltaic panel through the cooperation of the microprocessor and the Beidou module.
Wherein the motion trail drawn by the sun from sunrise to sunset as seen from the ground is an arc. The sun reaches the middle point of the arc-shaped locus at noon, which corresponds to the position of the meridian at that position. The included angle between the earth axis and the horizontal plane of an observer is equal to the local latitude, and the latitude is the line surface angle formed by the connecting line of a certain point and the center of the earth and the equator of the earth. The intersection line of the equatorial plane and the earth surface is the equator. The position of the sun can be described by two observer-centered coordinate systems: polar coordinate system and horizon coordinate system. The sun vector can be represented by both coordinate systems. The elevation angle and the azimuth angle are two quantities describing the position of the sun in the horizon coordinate system.
The hour angle (ω s) is an angle representing a change in time due to the rotation of the earth, and is calculated by the following equation, with the noon time being 0: ω s 15(ts-12) [ ° ]
When ts is over against the sun, the calculation method is as follows:
ts＝local standard time+4(Lloc–Lref)+Δt[min]
in the above formula, local standard time is the local mean solar time, i.e. the standard time of the time zone, Lref is the central longitude of the time zone, lroc is the local actual longitude, Δ t is the true mean solar time difference, and is expressed as:
Δt＝9.87sin2(B)-7.52cos(B)-1.5sin(B)[min]
wherein B is 360(J-81)/364[ ° ], J is julian day. The true mean solar time difference equation represents the difference between the local mean solar time and the local true solar time.
The altitude (hs) is the included angle between the sunlight and the horizontal plane, the included angle is increased in the morning and decreased in the afternoon, the range is 0-90 degrees, and the altitude is the maximum value in the day when the sun is true at noon. The elevation angle is largest in summer to noon and smallest in winter. The complementary angle of the elevation angle is a zenith angle. The solar azimuth (as) is the angle formed between the projection of the light on the ground plane and the plus south direction, with plus south being 0, the solar azimuth being negative in the east and positive in the west.
The relation among the altitude angle, the azimuth angle, the latitude (phi), the hour angle and the declination angle s can be calculated by utilizing spherical trigonometry, wherein the solar declination angle calculation formula is as follows:
the following relationship exists between the calculated angles:
sin(hs)＝sin(φ)sin(s)+cos(φ)cos(s)cos(ωs)
sin(hs)cos(as)＝sin(φ)cos(s)+cos(ωs)-cos(φ)sin(s)
sin(hs)sin(as)＝cos(φ)sin(ωs)
the altitude and azimuth of the sun can thus be calculated with the latitude, date and time obtained.
S3: the driving assembly drives the photovoltaic panel to track the sun preliminarily.
The driving assembly specifically adopts a driving motor, the microprocessor automatically controls the suit to send pulses to drive the driving motor to rotate, and the driving motor drives the solar cell panel to align to the current sun (namely the initial position of the photovoltaic panel) according to the height position and the azimuth angle of the sun.
And S4, judging the weather condition in real time according to the threshold value and the irradiation time of the irradiator in one detection period.
One of the detection periods was thirty minutes.
The photovoltaic panel is fixedly connected with an ADC (analog to digital converter) sampling module, the ADC sampling module acquires an output voltage signal of the irradiation instrument, and then a sensitivity parameter calibrated by the irradiation instrument is divided by the voltage signal to obtain a threshold value.
Wherein the threshold range is more than 200w/m2And the irradiation time is 30 minutes, which is a sunny day.
Wherein the threshold range is more than 200w/m2And the irradiation time was more than 10 minutes and less than 30 minutes, which was cloudy.
Wherein the threshold range is more than 200w/m2And the irradiation time is less than 10 minutes or the threshold range is less than 200w/m2It is a cloudy day.
S5: the driving assembly drives the photovoltaic panel to finely adjust and select the maximum assembly power.
The photovoltaic panel fine tuning comprises the following steps:
the driving motor drives the photovoltaic panel to swing for 5 degrees around the initial position.
The driving motor swings 10 degrees in the reverse direction, and the photovoltaic panel samples data once when swinging 0.5 degrees.
The sampling data specifically includes: voltage, current signal, and output power.
And the microprocessor finds out the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel corresponding to the maximum value of the output power.
The driving assembly is controlled by the microprocessor to drive the photovoltaic panel to move to the maximum assembly power point.
Wherein, drive assembly drives the photovoltaic board and puts flat during cloudy day, reduces the influence of bad weather to the photovoltaic board, improves the life of photovoltaic board.
And S6, feeding back the correction data to the microprocessor by the photovoltaic panel.
The correction data comprise the maximum assembly power and the rotation angle of the photovoltaic panel in one detection period.
After the correction data are fed back to the microprocessor, the correction data are used as initial positions in the next year and the same time period.
Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A low-cost and high-efficiency power generation control method for a photovoltaic panel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the switch drives the control system to work;
obtaining the initial position of the photovoltaic panel through the matching of the microprocessor and the Beidou module;
the driving assembly drives the photovoltaic panel to preliminarily track the sun;
the weather condition is judged in real time through the threshold value and the irradiation time of the irradiator in one detection period:
the driving assembly drives the photovoltaic panel to finely adjust and select the maximum assembly power;
and the photovoltaic panel feeds back correction data to the microprocessor.
2. The photovoltaic panel low-cost high-efficiency power generation control method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Beidou module calculates the altitude angle and the azimuth angle of the sun according to longitude, date and time.
3. The photovoltaic panel low-cost high-efficiency power generation control method according to claim 1, wherein the one detection period is thirty minutes;
when the threshold range is larger than 200w/m2And the irradiation time is 30 minutes, which is sunny day;
when the threshold range is larger than 200w/m2And the irradiation time is more than 10 minutes and less than 30 minutes, and is cloudy;
when the threshold range is larger than 200w/m2And the irradiation time is less than 10 minutes or the threshold range is less than 200w/m2It is a cloudy day.
4. The low-cost and high-efficiency power generation control method for the photovoltaic panel as claimed in claim 3, wherein the driving assembly drives the photovoltaic panel to be laid flat during cloudy days.
5. The low-cost and high-efficiency power generation control method for the photovoltaic panel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the photovoltaic panel fine tuning comprises the following steps:
the driving motor drives the photovoltaic panel to swing for 5 degrees around the initial position;
the driving motor swings in the reverse direction for 10 degrees, and the photovoltaic panel samples data once when swinging for 0.5 degrees;
the driving assembly is controlled by the microprocessor to drive the photovoltaic panel to move to the maximum assembly power point.
6. The photovoltaic panel low-cost high-efficiency power generation control method according to claim 1, wherein the correction data includes: and the maximum assembly power and the rotation angle of the photovoltaic panel in one detection period.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116069069A (en) * | 2023-03-06 | 2023-05-05 | 威能智慧能源股份有限公司 | Angle adjusting method for hemispherical omnidirectional photovoltaic tracking bracket |
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| CN102841611A (en) * | 2012-08-02 | 2012-12-26 | 中国电力科学研究院 | Solar module automatic tracking method based on photovoltaic power station monitoring system and system therein |
| CN103592958A (en) * | 2013-11-20 | 2014-02-19 | 上海电机学院 | Solar energy light following method and system |
| CN103941754A (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2014-07-23 | 东北大学 | Variable time interval start-stop sun light tracking system for photovoltaic power generation and method |
| CN110471460A (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-11-19 | 广东工业大学 | Photovoltaic power generation sun azimuth tracking system and tracking based on hill-climbing algorithm |
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- 2020-09-16 CN CN202010973812.XA patent/CN112099536A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102778894A (en) * | 2011-05-11 | 2012-11-14 | 上海驭领机电科技有限公司 | Control system and control method of solar cell module support |
| CN102841611A (en) * | 2012-08-02 | 2012-12-26 | 中国电力科学研究院 | Solar module automatic tracking method based on photovoltaic power station monitoring system and system therein |
| CN103592958A (en) * | 2013-11-20 | 2014-02-19 | 上海电机学院 | Solar energy light following method and system |
| CN103941754A (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2014-07-23 | 东北大学 | Variable time interval start-stop sun light tracking system for photovoltaic power generation and method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116069069A (en) * | 2023-03-06 | 2023-05-05 | 威能智慧能源股份有限公司 | Angle adjusting method for hemispherical omnidirectional photovoltaic tracking bracket |
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