CN112099426A - Extensible PLC intelligent data acquisition method - Google Patents
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- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
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Abstract
The invention discloses an extensible PLC intelligent data acquisition method, which comprises the following steps: classifying the data type of the detection element according to the data characteristic of the detection element; establishing a sample data block according to the data type classification result and the data characteristics of the detection element; writing an element data block comprising a plurality of sub-data acquisition modules into the PLC according to the grammatical features of the PLC and the types and the number of detection elements connected with the PLC; setting a data acquisition algorithm according to a data structure of a subdata acquisition module in the element data block; and determining a starting address and an ending address according to the data acquisition requirement, and acquiring data by the PLC by using a data acquisition algorithm based on the starting address and the ending address. The extensible PLC intelligent data acquisition method can efficiently configure data acquisition channels according to different data amounts required to be acquired by different equipment, efficiently classify and acquire data according to different data types, can be suitable for various industrial equipment, and achieves good acquisition effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of industrial equipment control, in particular to an extensible PLC intelligent data acquisition method.
Background
In order to make the control process of the industrial equipment more informationized and intelligent, the running state and the state data of the industrial equipment are detected and collected by a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and various detection instruments, so as to control the industrial equipment based on the collected state data, such as positioning, opening and closing, pressure protection, safety protection and the like. The detection instrument of the existing industrial equipment mainly comprises detection elements such as an ammeter, a voltmeter, a pressure gauge, a sensor and an encoder, wherein the detection elements are respectively connected with a part to be detected of the industrial equipment and a PLC (programmable logic controller) when in use, the detection elements detect and collect the running state and state data of the industrial equipment and send the collected state data to the PLC, and the PLC controls the industrial equipment according to the state data collected by the detection elements.
The existing connection mode of the detection element and the PLC is a point-to-point mode, when the PLC is used, independent programming collection needs to be carried out on each detection element, the reusability and the practicability are poor, and the data collection efficiency is low. And, when the detecting element needs to be changed or the position of the channel for accessing the detecting element to the PLC changes, the data program on the bottom layer of the PLC needs to be modified to ensure the adaptation of the detecting element to the PLC, which may seriously affect the operation stability and production efficiency of the corresponding industrial equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides an extensible PLC intelligent data acquisition method.
The invention discloses an extensible PLC intelligent data acquisition method, which comprises the following steps:
classifying the data type of the detection element according to the data characteristic of the detection element;
establishing a sample data block according to the data type classification result and the data characteristics of the detection element;
writing an element data block in the PLC according to the grammatical characteristics of the PLC and the type and the number of detection elements connected with the PLC, wherein the element data block comprises a plurality of sub-data acquisition modules, each sub-data acquisition module corresponds to one detection element, the data structure of each sub-data acquisition module is the same as that of a sample data block corresponding to the detection element, and all the sub-data acquisition modules are sequentially arranged in the element data block;
setting a data acquisition algorithm according to a data structure of a subdata acquisition module in the element data block;
and determining a starting address and an ending address according to the data acquisition requirement, and acquiring data by the PLC by using a data acquisition algorithm based on the starting address and the ending address.
In some alternative embodiments, classifying the data type of the sensing element according to the data characteristic of the sensing element includes:
classifying the data types of the detection elements into sensor data and position data according to the data characteristics of the detection elements;
dividing the sensor data into four subdata types of 4-20 mA data/resolution 27648, 0-20 mA data/resolution 4096, +/-10V data/resolution +/-2048 and +/-10V data/resolution +/-27648, and respectively setting type labels for the four subdata types;
dividing the position data into three subdata types of an absolute value, an incremental type and a binary system, and respectively setting type labels for the three subdata types.
In some optional embodiments, creating a sample data chunk according to the data type classification result and the data characteristics of the detection element includes: and establishing a sensor data sample data block and a position data sample data block according to the data type classification result and the data characteristics of the detection element.
In some optional embodiments, the sensor data type sample data block includes: the device comprises a channel existence module, a type effective module, a proportion effective module, a disconnection fault module, an external address module, a type module, a sampling value module, a proportion conversion value module, a scale factor module and a real value parameter module.
In some optional embodiments, the sensor data type specimen data block further comprises a backup parameter module.
In some optional embodiments, the location data class specimen data block includes: channel existence, parameter error, encoder fault, power supply short circuit, zero point setting, type, resolution, offset, sampling value, actual value and peripheral address parameter module.
In some optional embodiments, the location data type specimen data block further comprises a standby parameter module.
In some optional embodiments, the data acquisition algorithm includes a first data acquisition algorithm corresponding to the sensor data type sample data chunk and a second data acquisition algorithm corresponding to the position data type sample data chunk;
the first data acquisition algorithm corresponding to the sensor data sample data block comprises the following contents:
judging whether a component data channel exists or not; if not, skipping the current element data acquisition; if yes, carrying out the next step;
judging whether a disconnection fault exists or not; if yes, outputting an alarm; if not, carrying out the next step;
reading a set peripheral address to collect element data and place the element data on a sampling value, and judging whether the type and scale factor data setting is valid or not; if not, outputting an alarm; if yes, carrying out the next step;
and performing data operation according to the set resolution, the scale factor and the sampling value, and writing the data operation result into the scale conversion value and the actual value.
In some optional embodiments, the second data acquisition algorithm corresponding to the sample data chunk of the location data class includes the following contents:
judging whether a component data channel exists or not; if not, skipping the current element data acquisition; if yes, carrying out the next step;
sequentially judging whether a power supply short circuit and an encoder fault exist; if yes, outputting an alarm; if not, carrying out the next step;
reading a set peripheral address to acquire element data and place the element data on a sampling value, judging whether a parameter error exists or not, and outputting an alarm if the parameter error exists; if not, carrying out the next step;
and performing data operation according to the set resolution, offset and sampling value, writing the data operation result into a proportional conversion value and an actual value, and writing the data operation result into the current position to record the relative position of the equipment when zero point setting is performed by leading rising edge pulses to be in a temporary state, so that the displacement measurement of the equipment is realized.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following main advantages:
the extensible PLC intelligent data acquisition method can efficiently configure data acquisition channels according to different data amounts required to be acquired by different devices, efficiently classify and acquire data according to different data types, and avoid the problems of poor reusability and practicability and low data acquisition efficiency caused by independent programming acquisition of each detection element by the PLC; meanwhile, the element data are collected on the element data block layer, reusability of a sample data structure and expansibility of a type label and an element data collection algorithm can be achieved, the method can be suitable for various industrial equipment, and a good collection effect is achieved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a flowchart of an extensible PLC intelligent data collection method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a data acquisition process of the extensible PLC intelligent data acquisition method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the specific embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides an extensible PLC intelligent data collection method, which includes the following steps:
classifying the data type of the detection element according to the data characteristic of the detection element;
establishing a sample data block according to the data type classification result and the data characteristics of the detection element;
writing an element data block in the PLC according to the grammatical characteristics of the PLC and the type and the number of detection elements connected with the PLC, wherein the element data block comprises a plurality of sub-data acquisition modules, each sub-data acquisition module corresponds to one detection element, the data structure of each sub-data acquisition module is the same as that of a sample data block corresponding to the detection element, and all the sub-data acquisition modules are sequentially arranged in the element data block;
setting a data acquisition algorithm according to a data structure of a subdata acquisition module in the element data block;
and determining a starting address and an ending address according to the data acquisition requirement, and acquiring data by the PLC by using a data acquisition algorithm based on the starting address and the ending address.
The principle and steps of the extensible PLC intelligent data collection method according to an embodiment of the present invention are specifically described below.
Specifically, the existing detection elements include an ammeter, a voltmeter, a pressure gauge, a sensor, an encoder, and the like. In an embodiment of the present invention, classifying the data type of the detecting element according to the data characteristic of the detecting element includes the following contents:
classifying the data types of the detection elements into sensor data and position data according to the data characteristics of the detection elements;
dividing the sensor data into four subdata types of 4-20 mA data/resolution 27648, 0-20 mA data/resolution 4096, +/-10V data/resolution +/-2048 and +/-10V data/resolution +/-27648, and respectively setting type labels for the four subdata types;
dividing the position data into three subdata types of an absolute value, an incremental type and a binary system, and respectively setting type labels for the three subdata types.
For example, the type tags of four sub data types of sensor data may be set to 1, 2, 3, and 4; the type tags of the three sub data types of the position data are set to 5, 6, and 7.
Further, on the basis of the specifically set classification manner, establishing a sample data block according to the data type classification result and the data characteristics of the detection element, including:
and establishing a sensor data sample data block and a position data sample data block according to the data type classification result and the data characteristics of the detection element.
According to the data characteristics of the sensor data, as shown in table 1, table 1 is a data structure table of a sensor data type sample data block according to an embodiment of the present invention, in an embodiment of the present invention, the sensor data type sample data block may include: the device comprises a channel existence module, a type effective module, a proportion effective module, a disconnection fault module, an external address module, a type module, a sampling value module, a proportion conversion value module, a scale factor module and a real value parameter module.
Table 1 (data structure table of sample data of sensor data type)
Optionally, in order to facilitate subsequent modification and adjustment of the sub-data acquisition modules in the sensor data type sample data block and the corresponding element data block, the sensor data type sample data block may further include a plurality of standby parameter modules. Therefore, when other specific parameter modules are required to be added to the sensor data type sample data block, the standby parameter module can be directly called, and the situation that the whole data structure of the element data block in the PLC and the subdata acquisition module in the PLC needs to be changed when data acquisition is carried out is avoided.
Further, according to the data characteristics of the location data, as shown in table 2, table 2 is a data structure table of the location data type sample data chunk according to an embodiment of the present invention, and in an embodiment of the present invention, the location data type sample data chunk may include: channel existence, parameter error, encoder fault, power supply short circuit, zero point setting, type, resolution, offset, sampling value, actual value and peripheral address parameter module.
Table 2 (data structure table of position data sample data)
Similarly, in order to facilitate subsequent modification and adjustment of the sub-data acquisition modules in the position data type sample data block and the corresponding element data block, the position data type sample data block may further include a plurality of standby parameter modules. Therefore, when other specific parameter modules are required to be added to the position data type sample data block, the standby parameter module can be directly called, and the situation that the whole data structure of the element data block in the PLC and the subdata acquisition module in the PLC needs to be changed when data acquisition is carried out is avoided.
Correspondingly, when the sample data block is divided into a sensor data sample data block and a position data sample data block, the subdata acquisition module is also divided into two types corresponding to the sensor data sample data block and the position data sample data block.
Further, on the basis of the specifically set sensor data type sample data block and position data type sample data block, when the PLC needs to perform data acquisition on external detection elements, an element data block including a plurality of sub-data acquisition modules can be written in the PLC according to the syntax characteristics of the PLC and the types and the number of the detection elements connected to the PLC, each sub-data acquisition module corresponds to one detection element, the data structure of the sub-data acquisition module is the same as the data structure of the sample data block corresponding to the detection element, and all the sub-data acquisition modules are sequentially arranged in the element data block. Thus, the PLC can perform component data acquisition based on the set component data block.
When the number of the detection elements needing data acquisition changes, the corresponding sample data block and the corresponding subdata acquisition module can be determined according to the data types of the detection elements, the subdata acquisition modules corresponding to the same data types in the PLC are directly copied, and the corresponding subdata acquisition modules are written into the element data blocks of the PLC, so that the data acquisition of the corresponding detection elements is realized.
According to the arrangement, efficient configuration can be carried out according to different data volume acquisition requirements of different devices, and the condition that the PLC needs to carry out independent programming acquisition on each detection element is avoided.
As shown in table 3, table 3 is a data structure table of an element data block according to an embodiment of the present invention, the element data block in the PLC has a neat structure and regular addresses, and the sub data acquisition module arranged in the element data block is equivalent to establish a data channel for data acquisition of each detection element, for example, the data channel is sequentially set as a data channel one, a data channel two, and a data channel three … data channel N. The number of data channels can be autonomously determined and increased according to the number of external detection elements of different equipment in the element data block so as to acquire data such as sensors and positions of the equipment. In each newly added data channel, the parameters such as type, scale factor, offset, resolution, peripheral address and the like can be set for the sampled element, so that the effect of acquiring the data of various types of elements is achieved.
Table 3 (data structure table of element data block)
Further, in order to ensure that the PLC can efficiently perform data acquisition, in an embodiment of the present invention, on the basis of the specifically set sensor data type sample data block and the specifically set position data type sample data block, setting a data acquisition algorithm according to a data structure of the sub-data acquisition module in the component data block includes: and setting a first data acquisition algorithm according to the data structure of the sensor data type sample data block, and setting a second data acquisition algorithm according to the data structure of the position data type sample data block.
Specifically, a first data acquisition algorithm corresponding to the sensor data sample data block includes the following contents:
judging whether a component data channel exists or not; if not, skipping the current element data acquisition; if yes, carrying out the next step;
judging whether a disconnection fault exists or not; if yes, outputting an alarm; if not, carrying out the next step;
reading a set peripheral address to collect element data and place the element data on a sampling value, and judging whether the type and scale factor data setting is valid or not; if not, outputting an alarm; if yes, carrying out the next step;
and performing data operation according to the set resolution, the scale factor and the sampling value, and writing the data operation result into the scale conversion value and the actual value so as to facilitate the PLC to use the element data.
The second data acquisition algorithm corresponding to the position data sample data block comprises the following contents:
judging whether a component data channel exists or not; if not, skipping the current element data acquisition; if yes, carrying out the next step;
sequentially judging whether a power supply short circuit and an encoder fault exist; if yes, outputting an alarm; if not, carrying out the next step;
reading a set peripheral address to acquire element data and place the element data on a sampling value, judging whether a parameter error exists or not, and outputting an alarm if the parameter error exists; if not, carrying out the next step;
and performing data operation according to the set resolution, offset and sampling value, writing the data operation result into a proportional conversion value and an actual value so as to facilitate the PLC to use element data, and writing the current position to record the relative position of equipment detected by the detection element when zero point setting is performed by leading rising edge pulse to be in a time-setting mode, so as to realize displacement measurement of the equipment.
The type label and the data operation mode of the subdata data acquisition module in the element data block can be expanded and specifically set according to the data type characteristics of the external detection element.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, in an embodiment of the present invention, the extensible PLC intelligent data collection method can also perform partial traversal, full traversal, or single traversal on the element data block according to the PLC control usage requirement.
Specifically, a start address and an end address when data acquisition is carried out are determined according to the use requirement of PLC control, namely a head channel and a tail channel of a data channel needing to be acquired, then the head channel in the element data block is addressed, then a data acquisition algorithm is called according to the type of the data channel to carry out element data acquisition, and element data reading of the next channel is automatically carried out after the data of one channel is read until the scanning of the last channel is finished.
Therefore, the extensible PLC intelligent data acquisition method provided by the embodiment of the invention can efficiently configure data acquisition channels according to different data amounts required to be acquired by different devices, efficiently classify and acquire data according to different data types, and avoid the problems of poor reusability and practicability and low data acquisition efficiency caused by independent programming acquisition of each detection element required by PLC; meanwhile, the element data are collected on the element data block layer, reusability of a sample data structure and expansibility of a type label and an element data collection algorithm can be achieved, the method can be suitable for various industrial equipment, and a good collection effect is achieved.
It is noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second," and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. In addition, "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper" and "lower" in this document are referred to the placement states shown in the drawings.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An extensible PLC intelligent data acquisition method, characterized in that the method comprises:
classifying the data type of the detection element according to the data characteristic of the detection element;
establishing a sample data block according to the data type classification result and the data characteristics of the detection element;
writing an element data block in the PLC according to the grammatical characteristics of the PLC and the type and the number of detection elements connected with the PLC, wherein the element data block comprises a plurality of sub-data acquisition modules, each sub-data acquisition module corresponds to one detection element, the data structure of each sub-data acquisition module is the same as that of a sample data block corresponding to the detection element, and all the sub-data acquisition modules are sequentially arranged in the element data block;
setting a data acquisition algorithm according to a data structure of a subdata acquisition module in the element data block;
and determining a starting address and an ending address according to the data acquisition requirement, and acquiring data by the PLC by using a data acquisition algorithm based on the starting address and the ending address.
2. The extensible PLC smart data collection method of claim 1, wherein classifying the data type of the sensing element according to the data characteristic of the sensing element comprises:
classifying the data types of the detection elements into sensor data and position data according to the data characteristics of the detection elements;
dividing the sensor data into four subdata types of 4-20 mA data/resolution 27648, 0-20 mA data/resolution 4096, +/-10V data/resolution +/-2048 and +/-10V data/resolution +/-27648, and respectively setting type labels for the four subdata types;
dividing the position data into three subdata types of an absolute value, an incremental type and a binary system, and respectively setting type labels for the three subdata types.
3. The method for extensible PLC intelligent data collection according to claim 2, wherein establishing a sample data block according to data type classification results and data characteristics of the detection elements comprises: and establishing a sensor data sample data block and a position data sample data block according to the data type classification result and the data characteristics of the detection element.
4. The extensible PLC intelligent data collection method of claim 3, wherein a sensor data type sample data chunk comprises: the device comprises a channel existence module, a type effective module, a proportion effective module, a disconnection fault module, an external address module, a type module, a sampling value module, a proportion conversion value module, a scale factor module and a real value parameter module.
5. The extensible PLC intelligent data collection method of claim 4, wherein the sensor data type sample data block further comprises a backup parameter module.
6. The extensible PLC intelligent data collection method of claim 4 or 5, wherein the location data type sample data block comprises: channel existence, parameter error, encoder fault, power supply short circuit, zero point setting, type, resolution, offset, sampling value, actual value and peripheral address parameter module.
7. The extensible PLC intelligent data collection method of claim 6, wherein the location data type sample data block further comprises a backup parameter module.
8. The extensible PLC intelligent data collection method of claim 6, wherein the data collection algorithm comprises a first data collection algorithm corresponding to a sensor data sample data block and a second data collection algorithm corresponding to a position data sample data block;
the first data acquisition algorithm corresponding to the sensor data sample data block comprises the following contents:
judging whether a component data channel exists or not; if not, skipping the current element data acquisition; if yes, carrying out the next step;
judging whether a disconnection fault exists or not; if yes, outputting an alarm; if not, carrying out the next step;
reading a set peripheral address to collect element data and place the element data on a sampling value, and judging whether the type and scale factor data setting is valid or not; if not, outputting an alarm; if yes, carrying out the next step;
and performing data operation according to the set resolution, the scale factor and the sampling value, and writing the data operation result into the scale conversion value and the actual value.
9. The extensible PLC intelligent data collection method according to claim 8, wherein the second data collection algorithm corresponding to the position data type sample data chunk includes the following contents:
judging whether a component data channel exists or not; if not, skipping the current element data acquisition; if yes, carrying out the next step;
sequentially judging whether a power supply short circuit and an encoder fault exist; if yes, outputting an alarm; if not, carrying out the next step;
reading a set peripheral address to acquire element data and place the element data on a sampling value, judging whether a parameter error exists or not, and outputting an alarm if the parameter error exists; if not, carrying out the next step;
and performing data operation according to the set resolution, offset and sampling value, writing the data operation result into a proportional conversion value and an actual value, and writing the data operation result into the current position to record the relative position of the equipment when zero point setting is performed by leading rising edge pulses to be in a temporary state, so that the displacement measurement of the equipment is realized.
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