CN112099084A - Elastic wave tomography wave velocity inversion calculation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to an elastic wave tomography wave velocity inversion calculation method. The invention aims to provide an elastic wave tomography wave velocity inversion calculation method. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an elastic wave tomography wave velocity inversion calculation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: will know the wave velocity VRTaking the discrete unit R of the } as a constraint condition; wave velocity { V } of a discrete element BPT through which straight rays pass and for which the element wave velocity is unknownBCarrying out inversion calculation on the wave velocity of the unit by adopting a back projection technology method; { V of discrete elements DT passed by polyline ray and having unknown element wave velocityDTPerforming inversion calculation of the unit wave velocity by adopting a damped least square method; velocity { V } of discrete element KDB that has not been traversed by both straight and polyline raysKDBAnd performing interpolation calculation of unit wave velocity by using a kriging interpolation method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an elastic wave tomography wave velocity inversion calculation method. Is suitable for the technical fields of geophysical and inspection and detection.
Background
Elastic wave tomography can be divided into two major categories, one being ray-theory based tomography and the other being wave equation based waveform tomography. The inversion method based on the ray tomography can be divided into a linear inversion method and a nonlinear inversion method, the linear inversion method is to divide an imaging area into a plurality of discrete units and wave propagation nodes, and a travel time equation is established for each ray according to a wave linear propagation theory to form a linear equation set. Such a system of equations is a large, sparse, often ill-conditioned system of linear equations that is generally solved using optimization iterative methods, such as Algebraic Reconstruction (ART), joint iterative reconstruction (SIRT), Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), co-linear gradient (CG), and Damped Least Squares (DLSQR).
The iterative method is that a linear equation meeting the difference between the observation travel time and the theoretical travel time and the wave velocity disturbance quantity is established from a certain initial wave velocity, the disturbance quantity of the wave velocity is solved, the wave velocity is corrected, forward modeling is carried out again, successive iteration is carried out until the inversion result meets a certain condition, and the first step of iterative inversion is to give a group of initial wave velocities. Whether the initial wave velocity is proper or not is related to the efficiency of iteration, and more iterations may be needed to obtain an inversion result similar to the proper initial wave velocity for an improper initial wave velocity. In consideration of the multiple solution of the inversion, during the process of solving the linear equation system by iterative computation, the unreasonable initial wave velocity may converge to an inversion result with a great difference from the actual wave velocity, and even the inversion result may be unreasonable or incorrect.
The selection of the initial wave velocity is also important for seismic tomography, and the commonly used initial wave velocity selection method comprises the following steps: giving each discrete unit an identical initial wave velocity; secondly, according to the existing geophysical data, different initial wave velocities are given to each discrete unit. The first method is simple and easy to implement, but the randomness of the initial wave velocity given in the method is very large, so that slow convergence or even no convergence of inversion calculation by an iterative method can be caused; the second method seems reasonable, but the wave velocity difference of the imaging area may be large, and the given initial wave velocity is not necessarily all suitable; sometimes the initial wave velocity is locally appropriate, and after inversion calculation, the result is very different from the actual one.
In addition, the number of discrete units (namely the unknown number of wave velocities) is related to the ray distribution and the distribution density, the number of discrete units is large, the number of rays is small, and the inversion accuracy of the wave velocities is low; the method has the advantages of few discrete units, concentrated ray distribution and low wave velocity inversion accuracy, and mainly solves the problem that discrete units, through which rays do not pass, also participate in wave velocity inversion calculation.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: aiming at the existing problems, the method for calculating the wave velocity inversion of the elastic wave tomography is provided.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: an elastic wave tomography wave velocity inversion calculation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
will know the wave velocity VRTaking the discrete unit R of the } as a constraint condition;
wave velocity { V } of a discrete element BPT through which straight rays pass and for which the element wave velocity is unknownBCarrying out inversion calculation on the wave velocity of the unit by adopting a back projection technology method; { V of discrete elements DT passed by polyline ray and having unknown element wave velocityDTPerforming inversion calculation of the unit wave velocity by adopting a damped least square method;
velocity { V } of discrete element KDB that has not been traversed by both straight and polyline raysKDBAnd (6) carrying out interpolation calculation of the unit wave velocity by using a Krigin interpolation method.
Before calculation by adopting a back projection technology method, the travel time and the line segment length of each straight ray passing through the discrete unit R are deducted, and then the back projection technology method is used for carrying out back calculation to calculate the wave velocity { V ] of the discrete unit BPT through which each straight ray passesB}。
The broken line rays are formed by searching the shortest travel-time path of each ray on a discrete unit wave velocity field by utilizing a Dijkstra algorithm;
the discrete unit wave velocity field utilizes the wave velocity { V of the discrete unit RR}, discrete unitsWave velocity of BPT { VBAnd the wave velocity of the discrete units KB { V }KBEstablishing;
the discrete unit KB is a unit which is not passed by the straight ray in the discrete unit U with unknown wave velocity; wave velocity { V) of discrete Unit KBKBUsing the wave velocity of discrete elements R { V }RAnd the wave velocity of the discrete cell BPT { V }BAnd (4) calculating by a kriging interpolation method.
Before calculation by adopting a damped least square method, the travel time of each broken line ray passing through the discrete unit R is deducted, a travel time linear equation set is established, and then the { V ] of the discrete unit DT is obtained by inversion calculation of the damped least square methodDT}。
Wave velocity { V of the discrete unit KDBKDBUsing the wave velocity of discrete elements R { V }RSpeed of wave of discrete unit BPT { V }BWave velocity of discrete unit DT { VDTAnd wave velocity of discrete element DB VDBCalculating by a kriging interpolation method;
the discrete unit DB is a unit through which both the straight rays and the broken line rays pass in the discrete unit U with unknown wave velocity, and the wave velocity { V ] of the discrete unit DBDBTaking the wave velocity { V } of the discrete unit DTDT}。
An elastic wave tomography wave velocity inversion calculation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
will know the wave velocity VRTaking the discrete unit R of the } as a constraint condition;
inverse calculation of wave velocity { V ] of discrete unit BPT by adopting back projection technologyBA discrete unit BPT is a unit through which a straight ray passes in a discrete unit U with unknown wave velocity;
wave velocity V using discrete units RRAnd the wave velocity of the discrete cell BPT { V }BCalculating and obtaining the wave velocity { V ] of the discrete unit KB by a kriging interpolation methodKBA discrete unit KB is a unit which is not passed by the straight ray in the discrete unit U with unknown wave velocity;
wave velocity V using discrete units RRSpeed of wave of discrete unit BPT { V }BAnd the wave velocity of the discrete units KB { V }KBEstablishing a discrete unit wave velocity field, and searching the shortest travel time path of each ray by using Dijkstra algorithmForming a broken line ray;
inverse calculation of wave velocity { V ] of discrete unit DT by using damped least square methodDTA discrete unit DT is a unit through which a broken line ray passes in a discrete unit U with unknown wave velocity;
wave velocity { V of discrete Unit DBDBTaking the wave velocity { V } of the discrete unit DTDTA discrete unit DB is a unit through which both straight rays and broken line rays pass in a discrete unit U with unknown wave velocity;
wave velocity V using discrete units RRSpeed of wave of discrete unit BPT { V }BWave velocity of discrete unit DT { VDTAnd wave velocity of discrete element DB VDBCalculating and obtaining the wave velocity { V } of the discrete unit KDB by a kriging interpolation methodKDBA discrete unit KDB is a unit which is not passed by the straight ray and the broken line ray in the discrete unit U with unknown wave velocity;
the wave velocity field of the discrete unit is composed of { VR}、{VB}、{VDT}、{VDBAnd { V }KDBAnd (9) composition.
Before calculating by adopting a back projection technology method, the travel time and the line length of each straight ray passing through the discrete unit R are deducted, and then the projection technology method is used for calculating the calculation to calculate the wave velocity { VB } of the discrete unit BPT passed by each straight ray.
Before calculation by adopting a damped least square method, the travel time of each broken line ray passing through the discrete unit R is deducted, a travel time linear equation set is established, and then the { V ] of the discrete unit DT is obtained by inversion calculation of the damped least square methodDT}。
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method fully utilizes the known wave velocity, adopts a back projection technology method and a damping least square method to carry out the back calculation of the wave velocity of the unit twice, obtains the wave velocity result through the interpolation calculation of a kriging interpolation method, and verifies the result by a theoretical model and actual engineering.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of discrete units and unit nodes of an embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the straight rays and the discrete cells R, BPT and KB of an embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the broken line ray and the discrete elements R, DT and KD of the embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the overlapped distribution of the discrete units R, BPT, KB and the discrete units DT, KD according to the embodiment.
1. An angular point; 2. a middle point; 3. a discrete unit RI; 4. a discrete unit RII; 5. a discrete unit U; 6. a straight ray; 7. a discrete cell BPT; 8. a discrete unit KB; 9. a broken line ray; 10. discrete cells DT; 11. a discrete unit KD; 12. a discrete unit DB; 13. discrete units KDB.
Detailed Description
The embodiment is an elastic wave tomography wave velocity inversion calculation method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
as in fig. 1, the imaging area is divided into 200(10 × 20) discrete cells, each discrete cell is provided with 4 corner points 1 and 4 intermediate points 2, and the corner points 1 and the intermediate points 2 are both source points. The discrete units of the imaging area comprise discrete units RI 3 and RII 4 with known wave velocity and discrete units U5 with unknown wave velocity, and the wave velocity of the discrete units U5 needs to be obtained through inversion calculation.
Referring to fig. 2, the straight ray 6 passes through the discrete cells rii 3 and rii 4 with known wave velocities, passes through the discrete cell BPT7 in the discrete cell U5 with unknown wave velocity, and also passes through the discrete cell KB8 without passing.
Using discrete unit RI 3 and discrete unit RII 4 with known wave speed as constraint condition, wave speed { V ] of discrete unit RI 3 and discrete unit RII 4RⅠ}、{VRⅡIt is known, does not need to be solved, and is an accurate value;
wave velocity V of discrete cell BPT7BAfter the travel time and the line segment length of each straight ray 6 passing through the discrete unit RI 3 and the discrete unit 4 are deducted, the straight rays are obtained by back calculation by using a Back Projection Technology (BPT) method;
wave velocity of discrete element 8VKBUsing the wave velocities { V ] of discrete units RI 3 and RII 4RⅠ}、{VRⅡAnd wave velocity of discrete cell BPT7 { V }BAnd (4) calculating by a kriging interpolation method.
Wave velocity { V Using discrete units RI 3, RII 4RⅠ}、{VRⅡWave velocity of discrete cell BPT7 { V }BAnd the wave velocity V of the discrete cell KB8KBAnd (4) establishing a wave velocity field of a discrete unit, and searching the shortest travel time path of each ray by using a Dijkstra algorithm according to the shortest travel time principle to form a broken line ray 9. As shown in FIG. 3, the polyline ray 9 passes through discrete element RI 3 and discrete element RII 4 with known wave velocity, and also passes through discrete element DT10 in discrete element U5 with unknown wave velocity, and also passes through discrete element KD11 without passing.
Wave velocity { V of discrete Unit RI 3 and discrete Unit RII 4RⅠ}、{VRⅡIt is known, does not need to be solved, and is an accurate value; wave velocity of discrete element DT10 { VDTAnd after the travel time of each broken line ray 9 passing through the discrete unit RI 3 and the discrete unit RII 4 is deducted, establishing a travel time linear equation set, and performing inversion calculation by using a damping least square method (DLSQR method).
As shown in fig. 4, the discrete unit U5 for which the wave velocity is unknown is composed of a discrete unit BPT7 through which only the straight ray 6 passes, a discrete unit DT10 through which only the broken line ray 9 passes, a discrete unit DB12 through which both the straight ray 6 and the broken line ray 9 pass, and a discrete unit KDB13 through which both the straight ray 6 and the broken line ray 9 do not pass. Wave velocity V of discrete element DB12DBTaking the wave velocity V of the discrete element DT10DT}; using discrete unit RI 3 wave velocity { VRⅠII 4 wave velocity { V } of discrete unitRⅡSpeed of wave { V } of discrete unit BPT7BWave velocity { V } of discrete element DT10DTAnd discrete element DB12 wave velocity VDBCalculating the wave velocity (V) of the discrete unit KDB13 by a kriging interpolation methodKDB}. And at this moment, the wave velocity inversion calculation of all discrete units in the imaging area is completed, and the wave velocity field of the discrete units is formed by { V }R}、{VB}、{VDT}、{VDBAnd { V }KDBAnd (9) composition.
Claims (8)
1. An elastic wave tomography wave velocity inversion calculation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
will know the wave velocity VRTaking the discrete unit R of the } as a constraint condition;
wave velocity { V } of a discrete element BPT through which straight rays pass and for which the element wave velocity is unknownBCarrying out inversion calculation on the wave velocity of the unit by adopting a back projection technology method; { V of discrete elements DT passed by polyline ray and having unknown element wave velocityDTPerforming inversion calculation of the unit wave velocity by adopting a damped least square method;
velocity { V } of discrete element KDB that has not been traversed by both straight and polyline raysKDBAnd (6) carrying out interpolation calculation of the unit wave velocity by using a Krigin interpolation method.
2. The elastic wave tomography wave velocity inversion calculation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: before calculation by adopting a back projection technology method, the travel time and the line segment length of each straight ray passing through the discrete unit R are deducted, and then the back projection technology method is used for carrying out back calculation to calculate the wave velocity { V ] of the discrete unit BPT through which each straight ray passesB}。
3. The elastic wave tomography wave velocity inversion calculation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the broken line rays are formed by searching the shortest travel-time path of each ray on a discrete unit wave velocity field by utilizing a Dijkstra algorithm;
the discrete unit wave velocity field utilizes the wave velocity { V of the discrete unit RRSpeed of wave of discrete unit BPT { V }BAnd the wave velocity of the discrete units KB { V }KBEstablishing;
the discrete unit KB is a unit which is not passed by the straight ray in the discrete unit U with unknown wave velocity; wave velocity { V) of discrete Unit KBKBUsing the wave velocity of discrete elements R { V }RAnd the wave velocity of the discrete cell BPT { V }BAnd (4) calculating by a kriging interpolation method.
4. The elastic wave tomography wave velocity inversion calculation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: before the calculation by adopting the damped least square method, each broken line ray is deducted firstlyEstablishing a travel time linear equation set for the travel time of the discrete unit R, and then obtaining the { V ] of the discrete unit DT through inversion calculation by using a damped least square methodDT}。
5. The elastic wave tomography wave velocity inversion calculation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: wave velocity { V of the discrete unit KDBKDBUsing the wave velocity of discrete elements R { V }RSpeed of wave of discrete unit BPT { V }BWave velocity of discrete unit DT { VDTAnd wave velocity of discrete element DB VDBCalculating by a kriging interpolation method;
the discrete unit DB is a unit through which both the straight rays and the broken line rays pass in the discrete unit U with unknown wave velocity, and the wave velocity { V ] of the discrete unit DBDBTaking the wave velocity { V } of the discrete unit DTDT}。
6. An elastic wave tomography wave velocity inversion calculation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
will know the wave velocity VRTaking the discrete unit R of the } as a constraint condition;
inverse calculation of wave velocity { V ] of discrete unit BPT by adopting back projection technologyBA discrete unit BPT is a unit through which a straight ray passes in a discrete unit U with unknown wave velocity;
wave velocity V using discrete units RRAnd the wave velocity of the discrete cell BPT { V }BCalculating and obtaining the wave velocity { V ] of the discrete unit KB by a kriging interpolation methodKBA discrete unit KB is a unit which is not passed by the straight ray in the discrete unit U with unknown wave velocity;
wave velocity V using discrete units RRSpeed of wave of discrete unit BPT { V }BAnd the wave velocity of the discrete units KB { V }KBEstablishing a wave velocity field of a discrete unit, and searching the shortest travel time path of each ray by using a Dijkstra algorithm to form a broken line ray;
inverse calculation of wave velocity { V ] of discrete unit DT by using damped least square methodDTA discrete unit DT is a unit through which a broken line ray passes in a discrete unit U with unknown wave velocity;
wave velocity { V of discrete Unit DBDBTaking the wave velocity { V } of the discrete unit DTDTA discrete unit DB is a unit through which both straight rays and broken line rays pass in a discrete unit U with unknown wave velocity;
wave velocity V using discrete units RRSpeed of wave of discrete unit BPT { V }BWave velocity of discrete unit DT { VDTAnd wave velocity of discrete element DB VDBCalculating and obtaining the wave velocity { V } of the discrete unit KDB by a kriging interpolation methodKDBA discrete unit KDB is a unit which is not passed by the straight ray and the broken line ray in the discrete unit U with unknown wave velocity;
the wave velocity field of the discrete unit is composed of { VR}、{VB}、{VDT}、{VDBAnd { V }KDBAnd (9) composition.
7. The elastic wave tomography wave velocity inversion calculation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: before calculation by adopting a back projection technology method, the travel time and the line length of each straight ray passing through the discrete unit R are deducted, and then the back projection technology method is used for carrying out back calculation to calculate the wave velocity { VB } of the discrete unit BPT through which each straight ray passes.
8. The elastic wave tomography wave velocity inversion calculation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: before calculation by adopting a damped least square method, the travel time of each broken line ray passing through the discrete unit R is deducted, a travel time linear equation set is established, and then the { V ] of the discrete unit DT is obtained by inversion calculation of the damped least square methodDT}。
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