CN112098939B - Method and device for identifying and evaluating noise pollution source - Google Patents
Method and device for identifying and evaluating noise pollution source Download PDFInfo
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- CN112098939B CN112098939B CN202010986321.9A CN202010986321A CN112098939B CN 112098939 B CN112098939 B CN 112098939B CN 202010986321 A CN202010986321 A CN 202010986321A CN 112098939 B CN112098939 B CN 112098939B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
- G01S5/18—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using ultrasonic, sonic, or infrasonic waves
- G01S5/20—Position of source determined by a plurality of spaced direction-finders
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H17/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, not provided for in the preceding groups
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
- G01S19/38—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system
- G01S19/39—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system the satellite radio beacon positioning system transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
- G01S19/42—Determining position
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
- G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
- G06F17/15—Correlation function computation including computation of convolution operations
Abstract
The application discloses a method and a device for identifying and evaluating a noise pollution source, which comprise the following steps: collecting sound samples at positions with noise and without noise near a noise pollution source; comparing the two groups of sound samples to obtain alternative noise pollution source frequency bands, and determining the position of the noise pollution source according to the alternative noise pollution source frequency bands; acquiring an acoustic sample at a noise pollution source, and calculating a coincidence rate function of the acoustic sample at the noise pollution source and a noisy acoustic sample near the noise pollution source, so as to obtain the noise contribution of the noise pollution source to a position affected by noise; the noise control amount that the noise pollution source needs to adjust to the noise-affected location is calculated from the noise contribution rate of the noise pollution source to the noise-affected location, so that the noise of the noise-affected location is reduced to an acceptable range. The method and the device solve the technical problems that the noise characteristics of the positions affected by the noise cannot be reflected, the noise pollution sources and the contribution amount cannot be identified, and the noise control amount cannot be calculated inaccurately in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of noise detection, in particular to a method and a device for identifying and evaluating a noise pollution source.
Background
Along with the continuous development of economy, urban land is more and more tense, so that the distance between a large number of industrial enterprises and a residential area is closer and closer, and the influence of noise generated during operation on people is wider and wider.
In the prior art, the LA comprehensive sound pressure level is mainly used as an evaluation index or a control standard, so that the following problems exist when the LA comprehensive sound pressure level is used for treating the complaints of residents and pollution treatment:
1. failure to reflect noise disturbing characteristics
The influence of noise on a person comprises the influence of hearing and a psychological level, LA is mainly used for evaluating the sound, the influence of the noise on a hearing system of the person can be visually reflected, but the influence of the noise on the psychological level of the person cannot be reflected, and the condition that the subjective feeling of the person is inconsistent with the evaluation value can be generated when the noise is evaluated, so that the condition that the noise reaches the standard clearly and still disturbs people occurs; and there are two sounds with exactly the same LA value, but the subjective perception of the person is completely different.
2. Failure to identify noise pollution sources and contributions
When the noise disturbance of industrial enterprises is treated at the present stage, the judgment of the noise pollution source is the primary problem for treating the noise pollution complaint problem, and the judgment of the noise pollution source at the present stage mainly depends on an empirical method, and simple positioning is carried out by detecting the sound source size and the frequency spectrum characteristic of a main pollution source, so that the workload is large and the positioning is inaccurate; the method mainly comprises the steps of quantifying by adopting a sound level superposition calculation method, namely respectively collecting comprehensive noise values polluted by noise, detecting environmental background noise values polluted by object noise, and subtracting the comprehensive noise values from the environmental background noise values to obtain the emission values of the noise of the transformer substation. However, because industrial enterprises generally run continuously and stably, extraction of background sound is difficult; secondly, the ambient sound environment around the sensitive point changes frequently, resulting in insufficient representativeness of the acquired ambient background sound value.
3. Inaccuracy of noise control quantity calculation
After the noise pollution source is determined, the noise reduction amount needs to be calculated so as to ensure that the noise emission value of the industrial enterprise can meet the requirements of residents. However, the noise control amount at the present stage is still represented by the LA integrated sound pressure level, and the calculated LA integrated noise reduction amount cannot reflect the real requirements of residents. With the development of the technology, a plurality of sound sources and LA of the factory noise are effectively controlled, but the traditional method cannot change the frequency spectrum characteristics of the noise, so that the enterprise still cannot meet the requirements of the public after spending a large amount of manpower and material resources to carry out noise treatment.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a method and a device for identifying and evaluating a noise pollution source, so that the technical problems that the noise characteristics of positions affected by noise cannot be reflected, the noise pollution source and the contribution amount cannot be identified, and the noise control amount is calculated inaccurately in the prior art are solved.
In view of the above, the first aspect of the present application provides a method for identifying and evaluating a noise pollution source, the method comprising:
collecting a first sound sample of a position affected by noise near a noise pollution source and a second sound sample of a position not affected by the noise;
calculating noise indexes of the first sound sample and the second sound sample and spectrograms corresponding to the noise indexes, wherein the noise indexes comprise loudness, sound scheduling, roughness and jitter degree;
selecting key observation indexes from the loudness, the tone scheduling, the roughness and the jitter degree;
comparing the key observation indexes of the first sound sample and the second sound sample, and selecting an alternative noise pollution source frequency band;
filtering the alternative noise pollution source frequency band of the first sound sample to obtain a third sound sample, wherein the filtering amplitude is a preset third threshold;
a professional technical person audits the filtered third sound sample, and if the third sound sample is obviously improved, a frequency band with the obvious improvement is reserved;
positioning a noise pollution source according to the frequency band with obvious improvement;
collecting a fourth sound sample at the noise pollution source, and calculating a coincidence function of the fourth sound sample and the first sound sample;
substituting the consistency rate function into a contribution rate function to calculate the noise contribution amount of the noise pollution source to the position affected by the noise;
and substituting the noise contribution amount into a control amount function to calculate a noise control amount required by the noise pollution source to discharge the noise to the noise-affected position.
Optionally, the selecting a key observation index from the loudness, the tone scheduling, the roughness, and the jitter degree specifically includes:
and if the ratio of the loudness, the sound scheduling, the roughness and the jitter degree corresponding to the first sound sample and the second sound sample is greater than a preset first threshold, taking the noise index with the ratio greater than the preset first threshold as a key observation index.
Optionally, the key observation indexes of the first sound sample and the second sound sample are compared to select an alternative noise pollution source frequency band, specifically:
comparing the key observation indexes of the first sound sample and the second sound sample in a preset frequency range, and taking the corresponding frequency range when the ratio of the key observation indexes of the first sound sample and the second sound sample is greater than a preset second threshold value as the frequency range of the alternative noise pollution source.
Optionally, the acquiring a fourth sound sample at the noise pollution source and calculating a coincidence function of the fourth sound sample and the first sound sample specifically include:
filtering the first and fourth acoustic samples;
performing Fourier transform on the filtered first sound sample and the fourth sound sample to obtain the sound pressure level of the first sound sample in the frequency band with obvious improvement;
obtaining an acceleration level of the fourth acoustic sample within the frequency band with significant improvement;
calculating a coincidence function of the first sound sample and the fourth sound sample in the frequency band with significant improvement according to the phase and the periodic rate of change of the sound pressure level and the acceleration level in the time domain;
the coincidence rate calculation formula is as follows:
wherein T represents the total sampling time; a. the2And Z represents the first and fourth acoustic samples, respectively.
Optionally, substituting the coincidence rate function into the contribution rate function to calculate the noise contribution rate of the noise pollution source to the position affected by the noise, specifically:
according to the coincidence rate function and the sound pressure level value of the first sound sample under the frequency band with obvious improvement, a calculation formula for obtaining the contribution of a noise pollution source to a position affected by noise is as follows:
in the formula, A2-YiRepresenting a sound pressure level of the first sound sample in a Yi frequency band; rYiRepresenting a coincidence function of the first sound sample and the fourth sound sample in a Yi frequency band; the Yi is one of the frequency bands with significant improvement.
Optionally, the step of substituting the noise contribution amount into a control amount function to calculate a noise control amount required by the noise pollution source to discharge the noise to the noise-affected location includes:
the sound pressure level value and the noise contribution amount of the first sound sample under the frequency band with the obvious improvement are taken into a control amount function to calculate the noise control amount required by the noise pollution source to discharge the noise to the noise affected position, and the calculation formula of the noise control amount is as follows:
when the interference noise of the noise pollution source is within a preset first frequency band, the noise control quantity of the fourth sound sample in the Yi frequency band is as follows:
when the interference noise of the noise pollution source is within a preset second frequency band, the noise control quantity of the fourth sound sample in the Yi frequency band is as follows:
a second aspect of the present application provides a device for identifying and evaluating a noise pollution source, the device comprising:
the acquisition unit is used for acquiring a first sound sample at a position affected by noise near a noise pollution source and a second sound sample at a position not affected by the noise;
the first calculation unit is used for calculating noise indexes of the first sound sample and the second sound sample and spectrograms corresponding to the noise indexes, wherein the noise indexes comprise loudness, sound scheduling, roughness and jitter degree;
the first selection unit is used for selecting key observation indexes from the loudness, the tone scheduling, the roughness and the jitter;
the second selection unit is used for comparing the key observation indexes of the first sound sample and the second sound sample and selecting a frequency band of an alternative noise pollution source;
the first filtering unit is used for filtering the alternative noise pollution source frequency band of the first sound sample to obtain a third sound sample, and the filtering amplitude is a preset third threshold value;
the audition unit is used for audition of the filtered third sound sample by professional technicians, and if the third sound sample is obviously improved, the frequency band with the obvious improvement is reserved;
the positioning unit is used for positioning the noise pollution source according to the frequency band with obvious improvement;
the second calculation unit is used for collecting a fourth sound sample at the noise pollution source and calculating a coincidence function of the fourth sound sample and the first sound sample;
a third calculating unit, configured to substitute the coincidence rate function into a contribution rate function to calculate a noise contribution amount of the noise pollution source to a position affected by noise;
and the fourth calculation unit is used for substituting the noise contribution amount into a control amount function to calculate the noise control amount required by the noise pollution source to discharge the noise to the position affected by the noise.
Optionally, the first selecting unit is specifically configured to, when a ratio of the loudness, the sound scheduling, the roughness, and the jitter degree in the first sound sample and the second sound sample is greater than a preset first threshold, use the noise indicator whose ratio is greater than the preset first threshold as a key observation indicator.
Optionally, the second selecting unit is specifically configured to compare the important observation indexes of the first sound sample and the second sound sample within a preset frequency range, and use a corresponding frequency band when a ratio of the important observation indexes of the first sound sample and the second sound sample is greater than a preset second threshold as the frequency band of the alternative noise pollution source.
Optionally, the second computing unit further includes:
a second filtering unit for filtering the first and fourth acoustic samples;
a transform unit, configured to perform fourier transform on the filtered first sound sample and the fourth sound sample, so as to obtain a sound pressure level of the first sound sample within the frequency band with significantly improved performance;
an obtaining unit, configured to obtain an acceleration level of the fourth sound sample in the frequency band with significant improvement;
a fifth calculating unit, configured to calculate a coincidence function of the first sound sample and the fourth sound sample in the frequency band with significant improvement according to the phase and the period change rate of the sound pressure level and the acceleration level in the time domain;
the coincidence rate calculation formula is as follows:
wherein T represents the total sampling time; a. the2And Z represents the first and fourth acoustic samples, respectively.
According to the technical scheme, the method has the following advantages:
the method comprises the steps of collecting a first sound sample of a position affected by noise and a second sound sample of a position not affected by the noise, wherein the position is close to the noise pollution source; calculating noise indexes of the first sound sample and the second sound sample and spectrograms corresponding to the noise indexes, wherein the noise indexes comprise loudness, sound scheduling, roughness and jitter; selecting key observation indexes from loudness, tone scheduling, roughness and jitter degree; comparing the key observation indexes of the first sound sample and the second sound sample, and selecting an alternative noise pollution source frequency band; filtering the alternative noise pollution source frequency band of the first sound sample to obtain a third sound sample, wherein the filtering amplitude is a preset third threshold; a professional technical staff audits the filtered third sound sample, and if the third sound sample is obviously improved, the frequency band with the obvious improvement is reserved; positioning a noise pollution source according to the frequency band with obvious improvement; collecting a fourth sound sample at the noise pollution source, and calculating a coincidence rate function of the fourth sound sample and the first sound sample; substituting the consistency rate function into the contribution rate function to calculate the noise contribution amount of the noise pollution source to the position affected by the noise; the noise contribution amount is taken into the control amount function to calculate the noise control amount required by the noise pollution source to discharge the noise to the noise-affected location.
The method comprises the steps of collecting sound samples of noisy and non-noisy positions near a noise pollution source; comparing the noise characteristics of the two groups of sound samples to obtain alternative noise pollution source frequency bands, and determining the position of the noise pollution source according to the alternative noise pollution source frequency bands; acquiring an acoustic sample at a noise pollution source, and calculating a coincidence rate function of the acoustic sample at the noise pollution source and a noisy acoustic sample near the noise pollution source, so as to obtain the noise contribution of the noise pollution source to a position affected by noise; and calculating the noise control quantity required to be adjusted by the noise pollution source according to the noise contribution rate of the noise pollution source to the noise-affected position, so that the noise of the noise-affected position is reduced to an acceptable range, and a more accurate noise control quantity is obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of one embodiment of a method of identifying and evaluating a source of noise pollution according to the present application;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an embodiment of an apparatus for identifying and evaluating noise pollution sources according to the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a field environment in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a graph of loudness alignment in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the positioning of noise in the 100 Hz-600 Hz frequency band according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the positioning of noise in the 600Hz to 10000Hz frequency band according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a graph of the results of a conformance function between a fourth acoustic sample and a first acoustic sample in an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present application better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method of an embodiment of a method for identifying and evaluating a noise pollution source according to the present application, as shown in fig. 1, where fig. 1 includes:
101. a first acoustic sample is acquired at a noise-affected location near a source of noise pollution, and a second acoustic sample is acquired at a noise-unaffected location.
It should be noted that, in the present application, acoustic samples at a plurality of positions near a noise pollution source (noise disturbing position) may be collected, for example, a first acoustic sample with significant noise at a position near the noise pollution source may be collected; in addition, a second acoustic sample, in which no significant noise exists, can be collected near the noise pollution source and used as a comparison sample of the first acoustic sample.
Specifically, the sound sample collection method includes collecting a first sound sample and a second sound sample at positions affected by noise and at positions unaffected by noise respectively by using a multichannel data collection device. The multichannel data acquisition equipment comprises a microphone probe, a preamplifier, a BNC data line, a multichannel data acquisition instrument, a GPS positioning module, a software control module and the like; wherein the sampling frequency range of the microphone probe covers 0-50 kHz, the sensitivity is required to meet 50mv/pa, the multi-channel data acquisition instrument is required to have at least 4 channels and more, the frequency range of the data acquisition instrument is required to cover 20Hz-20000Hz frequency band, and the sampling frequency is at least 50 kHz; the software control module has the functions of recording, filtering analysis, sound quality calculation, Fourier transform and the like; when in-situ sampling is carried out, a microphone probe is required to be arranged on a special tripod, is more than 1.5m away from any reflecting surface, and is sampled under the conditions of no wind, rain and wind speed less than 5m/s as much as possible; during sampling, the field noise environment is consistent with the daily interfered noise environment and time; if the field environment noise is steady-state noise (the noise fluctuation in unit time is less than 3dB), acquiring a noise value of about 5 min; if the field environment noise is unsteady noise, acquiring sound samples of at least 1 period; the collected sound samples are respectively recorded as a first sound sample a1 and a second sound sample B1.
102. And calculating noise indexes of the first sound sample and the second sound sample and spectrograms corresponding to the noise indexes, wherein the noise indexes comprise loudness, sound scheduling, roughness and jitter degree.
It should be noted that, the first acoustic sample and the second acoustic sample may be subjected to filtering processing, so as to obtain acoustic samples of the first acoustic sample and the second acoustic sample in a frequency band of 20Hz to 20000 Hz; carrying out Fourier transform on an original sound sample to obtain sound pressure of the sound sample in a full frequency band; therefore, loudness, sound scheduling, roughness and jitter of the first sound sample and the second sound sample and corresponding spectrograms of the first sound sample and the second sound sample are calculated, and the spectrograms can adopt the bark threshold.
103. And selecting key observation indexes from loudness, tone scheduling, roughness and jitter degree.
It should be noted that, in the present application, the ratio of the noise indexes corresponding to the first sound sample and the second sound sample is greater than the preset first threshold, and then the noise index whose ratio is greater than the preset first threshold is used as the key observation index.
Specifically, loudness, tonality, roughness and jitter in the first sound sample and the second sound sample are compared one by one, and if the loudness, tonality, roughness and jitter of the first sound sample are higher than those of the second sound sample, the loudness, tonality, roughness and jitter of the second sound sample, and the ratio is higher than a preset first threshold, a noise index with the ratio higher than the preset first threshold is used as a key observation index. Specifically, a noise indicator that is about 20% higher in the first sound sample than in the second sound sample may be used as the key observation indicator.
104. And comparing the key observation indexes of the first sound sample and the second sound sample, and selecting an alternative noise pollution source frequency band.
It should be noted that, in the present application, the key observation indexes of the first sound sample and the second sound sample are compared within a preset frequency range, and a corresponding frequency range when the ratio of the key observation indexes of the first sound sample and the second sound sample is greater than a preset second threshold value is used as the frequency range of the alternative noise pollution source.
Specifically, the key observation indexes of the first sound sample and the second sound sample can be compared in a frequency band recognizable by human ears, and particularly, in a frequency band of 20Hz to 20000Hz, a frequency band higher than a preset second threshold value in the first sound sample is used as an alternative noise pollution source; specifically, a frequency band in which the key observation index of the first sound sample is 5% higher than the key observation index of the second sound sample may be listed as the frequency band of the alternative noise pollution source.
105. And filtering the alternative noise pollution source frequency band of the first sound sample to obtain a third sound sample, wherein the filtering amplitude is a preset third threshold value.
It should be noted that, in the present application, filtering is performed on the candidate noise pollution source frequency band of the first acoustic sample to obtain a third acoustic sample, for example, if the candidate noise pollution source frequency band is 100Hz to 1000Hz, band rejection filtering is performed on the 100Hz to 1000Hz frequency band in the first acoustic sample to obtain the third acoustic sample, and if the noise pollution source is 100Hz to 1000Hz, the filtered third acoustic sample should have no significant noise. The filtering amplitude is a preset third threshold, and may be specifically 5%.
106. And (4) auditioning the filtered third sound sample by a professional technician, and if the third sound sample is obviously improved, reserving a frequency band with the obvious improvement.
It should be noted that, the filtered third sound sample is sent to a professional for audition, whether the sound sample is obviously improved is judged, and if not, the frequency band of the alternative noise pollution source is proved not to be the frequency band of the noise pollution source; if the frequency band of the alternative noise pollution source is obviously improved, the frequency band of the alternative noise pollution source is proved to be the frequency band of the noise pollution source, and meanwhile, the frequency band with the obvious improvement is reserved.
107. The noise pollution source is located according to the frequency band with obvious improvement.
It should be noted that the noise pollution source can be located according to the frequency band with obvious improvement, and the specific locating method is as follows:
a sound source can be positioned by using a sound vibration array acoustic detection instrument and is used for identifying the main source and direction of environmental noise; under the outdoor environment condition, the umbrella cover type acoustic array is adopted for noise source identification, and under the indoor environment, the spherical array is used for noise source identification; the umbrella cover type acoustic vibration array adopts at least 36 acoustic channels, the radius of the acoustic array is 1m, the distance between a calculation plane and the central point of the umbrella cover type array is at least 5m, and an acoustic cloud picture of the calculation plane is obtained through multi-channel data acquisition and a beam forming algorithm; and through the umbrella cover type sound array, the noise pollution source with the obviously improved frequency band in the third sound sample is positioned in a full range of 360 degrees, and the main source area of the noise pollution source is determined.
108. And acquiring a fourth sound sample at the noise pollution source, and calculating a coincidence function of the fourth sound sample and the first sound sample.
It should be noted that, after determining the main source area of the noise pollution source, a fourth sound sample at the noise pollution source may be collected, and the sound pressure level and the acceleration level in the collected fourth sound sample and the first sound sample at the corresponding noise frequency band (frequency band with significant improvement) are substituted into the coincidence function to obtain the coincidence function.
Specifically, the method can adopt a multi-channel acoustic detector to collect the acoustic sample of the noise pollution source, wherein the multi-channel acoustic detector is an at least 4-channel detector and mainly comprises 1 microphone probe, 3 vibration probes, a 4-channel data collector and a group of data analysis modules; the sampling frequency range of the microphone probe covers 0-50 kHz, and the sensitivity of the microphone probe is required to meet 50 mv/pa; the sampling frequency of the vibration probe covers 0-10000 Hz, and the sensitivity of the vibration probe is required to meet 3mV/ms & lt-2 & gt; the 1 microphone probe and the 3 vibration probes are connected with the 4-channel data acquisition instrument through BNC lines, and the sampling frequency of the 4-channel data acquisition instrument is more than 50 kHz; the 4-channel data acquisition instrument is connected with the software control module; the software control module is provided with a CPB, FFT, self-spectrum and cross-spectrum analysis module; when the contribution amount of noise is quantified, the noise probe is fixed on a special tripod and placed under the noise-affected position A, and 3 vibration probes are fixed on a plurality of noise pollution sources Z according to the X, Y, Z triaxial directions1、Z2····ZmSimultaneously acquiring data of a noise probe and three vibration probes, and recording the data as A2、Z1、Z2···Zm(ii) a The sampling period is consistent with the daily interfered noise time; if the field environment noise is steady-state noise (the noise fluctuation in unit time is less than 3dB), acquiring a noise value of about 5 min; if the field environment noise is unsteady noise, acquiring sound samples of at least 1 period; to A2、Z1、Z2···ZmThe samples are filtered and subjected to fast Fourier transform to obtain the corresponding noise frequency band (frequency band with obvious improvement) Y1、Y2····YmInner sound pressure level A2-Y1、A2-Y2···A2-YmAnd acceleration level Z1-Y1、Z2-Y2···Zm-Ym(ii) a Based on A2-Y1、A2-Y2···A2-YmAnd acceleration level Z1-Y1、Z2-Y2···Zm-YmRespectively calculating A by phase and period change rate in time domain2And Z1、Z2···ZmAcoustic sample at Y1、Y2····YmCoincidence function R in frequency bandY1、RY2···RYm(ii) a The specific calculation formula is as follows:
wherein T represents the total sampling time; a in the formula2And Z comprises a sound pressure level A2-Y1、A2-Y2···A2-YmSet of (2) and acceleration level Z1-Y1、Z2-Y2···Zm-YmA collection of (a).
109. And substituting the coincidence rate function into the contribution rate function to calculate the noise contribution amount of the noise pollution source to the position affected by the noise.
It should be noted that the present application is based on the coincidence function R and the acoustic sample a2At Y1、Y2····YmSound pressure level value A in frequency band2-Y1、A2-Y2···A2-YmObtaining the contribution amount of each noise pollution source Z to A position as A in turn3-Y1、A3-Y2···A3-Ym(ii) a The specific calculation formula is as follows:
wherein i is an integer of 1 to m.
110. The noise contribution amount is taken into the control amount function to calculate the noise control amount required by the noise pollution source to discharge the noise to the noise-affected location.
It should be noted that, in order to make the noise value of the noise-affected location a meet the requirements of the residents, the environmental noise emitted from the noise pollution source Z to the location a needs to be controlled, that is, the noise contribution rate is substituted into the control quantity function to calculate the noise control quantity required by the noise pollution source to emit the noise to the noise-affected location. The method includes the steps that a sound pressure value and a noise contribution amount of a first sound sample under a frequency band with obvious improvement are brought into a control amount function, a noise control amount required by a noise pollution source to discharge noise to a noise affected position is calculated, and a specific noise control amount calculation formula is as follows:
when the frequency of interference noise at a noise pollution source Z (a plurality of noise pollution sources can be provided) is in the range of 0-800 Hz, ZiIn the corresponding frequency band YiAmount of noise reduction D1-YiThe calculation is as follows:
when the frequency of the interference noise at the noise pollution source Z is larger than the 800Hz range, ZiIn the corresponding frequency band YiAmount of noise reduction D1-YiThe calculation is as follows:
the method comprises the steps of collecting sound samples of noisy and non-noisy positions near a noise pollution source; comparing the noise characteristics of the two groups of sound samples to obtain alternative noise pollution source frequency bands, and determining the position of the noise pollution source according to the alternative noise pollution source frequency bands; acquiring an acoustic sample at a noise pollution source, and calculating a coincidence rate function of the acoustic sample at the noise pollution source and a noisy acoustic sample near the noise pollution source, so as to obtain the noise contribution of the noise pollution source to a position affected by noise; and calculating the noise control quantity required to be adjusted by the noise pollution source according to the noise contribution rate of the noise pollution source to the noise-affected position, so that the noise of the noise-affected position is reduced to an acceptable range, and a more accurate noise control quantity is obtained.
The application also provides a specific application example, such as a schematic diagram of a field environment shown in fig. 3.
The sound sample acquisition point is near a 500kV transformer substation, and the transformer substation comprises 4 residential buildings with 32 floors, so that the problem that noise disturbs residents at night is mainly reflected. A main noise environment A is selected at the top of a 32 th floor of the No. 6 building of the community, and a comparison sound environment B with little or no noise influence is selected outdoors at the north side of the first floor of the No. 6 building.
The B & K pulse 6 channel data acquisition instrument is used for field data acquisition, the microphone probe is placed on a special tripod, the direction is upward, the distance is 1.5m from the ground, and original sound samples A1 and B1 are acquired for about 5min at the A position and the B position respectively.
For the a1 and B1 original sound samples, data analysis is performed by B & K post analysis software to obtain the sound pressure level, loudness (N), tonality (T), roughness (R), and jitter (F) of the two original sound samples, which are specifically shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 analysis results of disturbing characteristics
As can be seen from table 1, the loudness of all noise indicators is mainly taken as the key observation indicator as long as the total loudness of a1 exceeds 20% of the loudness of B1; and comparing loudness spectrums of the acoustic samples A1 and B1, wherein the comparison result is shown in FIG. 4. In fig. 4, the frequency range of the loudness spectrogram of the acoustic sample a1 exceeding 5% of that of the loudness spectrogram of B1 is mainly 2-6 barg, and the corresponding frequency range is 100 Hz-600 Hz. Therefore, for a sensitive point environment, 100Hz to 600Hz noise is a main pollution source, 100Hz to 600Hz can be used as a frequency band of an alternative noise pollution source, and of course, in practice, a plurality of frequency bands of alternative noise pollution sources may be measured, and this embodiment is only one example.
And (3) utilizing B & K post-analysis software to perform band elimination filtering function on the A1 original sound sample in the frequency range of 100 Hz-600 Hz, wherein the filtering amplitude is 6dB, and performing noise characteristic analysis on the analyzed sound sample again, wherein the result is shown in Table 2. As can be seen from the table, after the noise in the frequency band of 100Hz to 600Hz is processed, the noise in the field environment is obviously improved, which indicates that the noise in the frequency band of 100Hz to 600Hz is the main pollution source of the environmental noise of the community.
TABLE 2 analysis results of disturbing characteristics
Of course, the filtered sound sample can also be audited by a professional technician, and the filtered sound sample is judged to have obvious improvement.
The B & K36 channel umbrella cover type acoustic array recognition technology is mainly used for positioning the noise source, the surrounding environment is subjected to noise source recognition analysis through a beam forming algorithm under the environment A, the recognition result is shown in fig. 5 and 6, the fact that the frequency band noise of the sensitive point 100 Hz-600 Hz is mainly from the transformer can be judged in fig. 5, and the fact that the frequency band noise of the sensitive point 600 Hz-10000 Hz is mainly from the road noise can be judged in fig. 6.
Therefore, the noise pollution source in the example is considered to be mainly from the substation position, therefore, the four-channel noise detector is utilized in the application, the noise measuring point is arranged at the environment A, the vibration measuring point Z is arranged on the transformer body, the noise signal A2 at the A and the vibration signal Z1 at the Z are simultaneously detected, the consistent frequency function of A2 and Z1 in the full frequency band is obtained through consistent frequency calculation, and the result is shown in FIG. 7. As can be seen from fig. 7, the contribution rate of Z1 to a2 exceeds 0.7 in the range of 100Hz to 600Hz, indicating that noise in the range of 100Hz to 600Hz is mainly from the substation in environment a.
Because the interference sound frequency band of the transformer at the position Z is below 800Hz, the contribution value A3 of the transformer Z1 to the sensitive point A2 in the frequency doubling band is calculated according to the contribution rate function, and is shown in Table 3; according to the control quantity function, under the condition that noise at the sensitive point A does not disturb residents, the noise at the position A discharged from the transformer Z needs to be respectively reduced by 8.6dB, 5.2dB and 1.2dB at three frequency bands of 125Hz, 250Hz and 500 Hz.
TABLE 3 control amount calculation results
The above is an embodiment of the method of the present application, and the present application also includes an embodiment of an apparatus for identifying and evaluating a noise pollution source, as shown in fig. 2, where fig. 2 includes:
the acquisition unit 201 is used for acquiring a first sound sample of a position affected by noise near a noise pollution source and a second sound sample of a position not affected by the noise;
a first calculating unit 202, configured to calculate noise indexes of the first acoustic sample and the second acoustic sample and spectrograms corresponding to the noise indexes, where the noise indexes include loudness, sound scheduling, roughness, and jitter;
a first selection unit 203, configured to select a key observation index from loudness, tonality, roughness, and jitter;
a second selecting unit 204, configured to compare the key observation indicators of the first acoustic sample and the second acoustic sample, and select a candidate noise pollution source frequency band;
the first filtering unit 205 is configured to filter the candidate noise pollution source frequency band of the first acoustic sample to obtain a third acoustic sample, where the filtering amplitude is a preset third threshold;
a trial listening unit 206, configured to perform trial listening on the filtered third sound sample by a professional, and if there is a significant improvement, then reserving a frequency band with the significant improvement;
a positioning unit 207 for positioning the noise pollution source according to the frequency band having the significant improvement;
the second calculating unit 208 is configured to collect a fourth sound sample from the noise pollution source, and calculate a coincidence function between the fourth sound sample and the first sound sample;
a third calculating unit 209, configured to calculate a noise contribution amount of the noise pollution source to the noise-affected location by substituting the coincidence rate function into the contribution rate function;
a fourth calculating unit 210 for substituting the noise contribution amount into the control amount function to calculate a noise control amount required for the noise pollution source to discharge the noise to the noise-affected location.
In a specific embodiment, the first selecting unit 203 is specifically configured to, when a ratio of the loudness, the sound schedule, the roughness, and the jitter in the first sound sample and the second sound sample is greater than a preset first threshold, take a noise indicator whose ratio is greater than the preset first threshold as the key observation indicator.
In a specific embodiment, the second selecting unit 204 is specifically configured to compare the important observation indexes of the first sound sample and the second sound sample within a preset frequency band range, and use a corresponding frequency band when a ratio of the important observation indexes of the first sound sample and the second sound sample is greater than a preset second threshold as the frequency band of the alternative noise pollution source.
In a specific embodiment, the second computing unit 208 further includes:
the second filtering unit is used for filtering the first sound sample and the fourth sound sample;
the transformation unit is used for carrying out Fourier transformation on the filtered first sound sample and the fourth sound sample to obtain a sound pressure level of the first sound sample in a frequency band which is obviously improved;
an acquisition unit for acquiring an acceleration level of the fourth acoustic sample in a frequency band with significant improvement;
the fifth calculation unit is used for calculating a coincidence rate function of the first sound sample and the fourth sound sample in a frequency band with obvious improvement according to the sound pressure level and the phase and the periodic change rate of the acceleration level in the time domain;
the coincidence rate calculation formula is as follows:
wherein T represents the total sampling time; a. the2And Z represents the first and fourth acoustic samples, respectively.
It is clear to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the above-described systems, apparatuses and units may refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and are not described herein again.
The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and the like in the description of the present application and in the above-described drawings are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the application described herein are, for example, capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
It should be understood that in the present application, "at least one" means one or more, "a plurality" means two or more. "and/or" for describing an association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there may be three relationships, e.g., "a and/or B" may indicate: only A, only B and both A and B are present, wherein A and B may be singular or plural. The character "/" generally indicates that the former and latter associated objects are in an "or" relationship. "at least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single item(s) or plural items. For example, at least one (one) of a, b, or c, may represent: a, b, c, "a and b", "a and c", "b and c", or "a and b and c", wherein a, b, c may be single or plural.
In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other ways. For example, the above-described apparatus embodiments are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the units is only one logical division, and other divisions may be realized in practice, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be realized in a form of hardware, and can also be realized in a form of a software functional unit.
The above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A method for identifying and evaluating noise pollution sources is characterized by comprising the following steps:
collecting a first sound sample of a position affected by noise near a noise pollution source and a second sound sample of a position not affected by the noise;
calculating noise indexes of the first sound sample and the second sound sample and spectrograms corresponding to the noise indexes, wherein the noise indexes comprise loudness, sound scheduling, roughness and jitter degree;
selecting key observation indexes from the loudness, the tone scheduling, the roughness and the jitter degree;
comparing the key observation indexes of the first sound sample and the second sound sample, and selecting an alternative noise pollution source frequency band;
filtering the alternative noise pollution source frequency band of the first sound sample to obtain a third sound sample, wherein the filtering amplitude is a preset third threshold;
a professional technical person audits the filtered third sound sample, and if the third sound sample is obviously improved, a frequency band with the obvious improvement is reserved;
positioning a noise pollution source according to the frequency band with obvious improvement;
collecting a fourth sound sample at the noise pollution source, and calculating a coincidence function of the fourth sound sample and the first sound sample;
substituting the consistency rate function into a contribution rate function to calculate the noise contribution amount of the noise pollution source to the position affected by the noise;
and substituting the noise contribution amount into a control amount function to calculate a noise control amount required by the noise pollution source to discharge the noise to the noise-affected position.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the selecting of the key observation indicators from the loudness, the tone scheduling, the roughness, and the jitter degree specifically comprises:
and if the ratio of the loudness, the sound scheduling, the roughness and the jitter degree corresponding to the first sound sample and the second sound sample is greater than a preset first threshold, taking the noise index with the ratio greater than the preset first threshold as a key observation index.
3. The method for identifying and evaluating a noise pollution source according to claim 1, wherein the key observation indicators of the first sound sample and the second sound sample are compared to select an alternative noise pollution source frequency band, specifically:
comparing the key observation indexes of the first sound sample and the second sound sample in a preset frequency range, and taking the corresponding frequency range when the ratio of the key observation indexes of the first sound sample and the second sound sample is greater than a preset second threshold value as the frequency range of the alternative noise pollution source.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of collecting a fourth acoustic sample at the noise pollution source and calculating a coincidence function between the fourth acoustic sample and the first acoustic sample comprises:
filtering the first and fourth acoustic samples;
performing Fourier transform on the filtered first sound sample and the fourth sound sample to obtain the sound pressure level of the first sound sample in the frequency band with obvious improvement;
obtaining an acceleration level of the fourth acoustic sample within the frequency band with significant improvement;
calculating a coincidence function of the first sound sample and the fourth sound sample in the frequency band with significant improvement according to the phase and the periodic rate of change of the sound pressure level and the acceleration level in the time domain;
the coincidence rate calculation formula is as follows:
wherein T represents the total sampling time; a. the2And Z represents the first and fourth acoustic samples, respectively.
5. The method for identifying and evaluating a noise pollution source according to claim 4, wherein the step of substituting the coincidence rate function into a contribution rate function calculates a noise contribution rate of the noise pollution source to a position affected by noise, specifically comprises:
according to the coincidence rate function and the sound pressure level value of the first sound sample under the frequency band with obvious improvement, a calculation formula for obtaining the contribution of a noise pollution source to a position affected by noise is as follows:
in the formula, A2-YiRepresenting a sound pressure level of the first sound sample in a Yi frequency band;
representing a coincidence function of the first sound sample and the fourth sound sample in a Yi frequency band; the Yi is one of the frequency bands with significant improvement.
6. The method for identifying and evaluating a noise pollution source according to claim 5, wherein the noise contribution amount is substituted into a control amount function to calculate a noise control amount required by the noise pollution source to discharge noise to a noise-affected location, specifically:
the sound pressure level value and the noise contribution amount of the first sound sample under the frequency band with the obvious improvement are taken into a control amount function to calculate the noise control amount required by the noise pollution source to discharge the noise to the noise affected position, and the calculation formula of the noise control amount is as follows:
when the interference noise of the noise pollution source is within a preset first frequency band, the noise control quantity of the fourth sound sample in the Yi frequency band is as follows:
when the interference noise of the noise pollution source is within a preset second frequency band, the noise control quantity of the fourth sound sample in the Yi frequency band is as follows:
7. an apparatus for identifying and evaluating a noise pollution source, comprising:
the acquisition unit is used for acquiring a first sound sample at a position affected by noise near a noise pollution source and a second sound sample at a position not affected by the noise;
the first calculation unit is used for calculating noise indexes of the first sound sample and the second sound sample and spectrograms corresponding to the noise indexes, wherein the noise indexes comprise loudness, sound scheduling, roughness and jitter degree;
the first selection unit is used for selecting key observation indexes from the loudness, the tone scheduling, the roughness and the jitter;
the second selection unit is used for comparing the key observation indexes of the first sound sample and the second sound sample and selecting a frequency band of an alternative noise pollution source;
the first filtering unit is used for filtering the alternative noise pollution source frequency band of the first sound sample to obtain a third sound sample, and the filtering amplitude is a preset third threshold value;
the audition unit is used for audition of the filtered third sound sample by professional technicians, and if the third sound sample is obviously improved, the frequency band with the obvious improvement is reserved;
the positioning unit is used for positioning the noise pollution source according to the frequency band with obvious improvement;
the second calculation unit is used for collecting a fourth sound sample at the noise pollution source and calculating a coincidence function of the fourth sound sample and the first sound sample;
a third calculating unit, configured to substitute the coincidence rate function into a contribution rate function to calculate a noise contribution amount of the noise pollution source to a position affected by noise;
and the fourth calculation unit is used for substituting the noise contribution amount into a control amount function to calculate the noise control amount required by the noise pollution source to discharge the noise to the position affected by the noise.
8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the first selecting unit is specifically configured to, when a ratio of the loudness, the sound schedule, the roughness, and the jitter in the first sound sample to the second sound sample is greater than a preset first threshold, take the noise indicator whose ratio is greater than the preset first threshold as the key observation indicator.
9. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the second selecting unit is specifically configured to compare the key observation indicators of the first sound sample and the second sound sample within a preset frequency band range, and use a corresponding frequency band when a ratio of the key observation indicators of the first sound sample and the second sound sample is greater than a preset second threshold as the frequency band of the alternative noise pollution source.
10. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the second computing unit further comprises:
a second filtering unit for filtering the first and fourth acoustic samples;
a transform unit, configured to perform fourier transform on the filtered first sound sample and the fourth sound sample, so as to obtain a sound pressure level of the first sound sample within the frequency band with significantly improved performance;
an obtaining unit, configured to obtain an acceleration level of the fourth sound sample in the frequency band with significant improvement;
a fifth calculating unit, configured to calculate a coincidence function of the first sound sample and the fourth sound sample in the frequency band with significant improvement according to the phase and the period change rate of the sound pressure level and the acceleration level in the time domain;
the coincidence rate calculation formula is as follows:
wherein T represents the total sampling time; a. the2And Z represents the first and fourth acoustic samples, respectively.
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