CN112098881B - Linear power supply fault detection method with transformer - Google Patents
Linear power supply fault detection method with transformer Download PDFInfo
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- CN112098881B CN112098881B CN202010224309.4A CN202010224309A CN112098881B CN 112098881 B CN112098881 B CN 112098881B CN 202010224309 A CN202010224309 A CN 202010224309A CN 112098881 B CN112098881 B CN 112098881B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fault detection method for a linear power supply with a transformer, which comprises the following steps: step S10, obtaining related information of a transformer in a linear power supply circuit; step S20, establishing a tenth calculation formula according to the related information of the transformer; step S30, acquiring input current, input voltage and load current in the linear power supply circuit; step S40, calculating the current of the capacitor in the rectifying capacitor module according to the load current; s50, calculating the capacitance value of the capacitor and the resistance value of the equivalent series resistor; and S60, detecting whether the linear power circuit has faults or not according to the capacitance value of the capacitor, the standard capacitance value of the capacitor, the resistance value of the equivalent series resistor and the standard resistance value of the equivalent series resistor. The invention is suitable for a linear power supply circuit of an external transformer, has high calculation precision for the capacitance value of the capacitor and the resistance value of the equivalent series resistor, does not need additional excitation auxiliary measurement, does not need to disassemble a power supply, and has no impact influence on the linear power supply.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of linear power supply fault detection, and particularly relates to a linear power supply fault detection method with a transformer.
Background
At present, a linear direct current stabilized power supply has the advantages of small ripple factor, high power supply stability and load stability, high transient response speed, no high-frequency switching noise and the like, and whether the linear direct current stabilized power supply works normally or not directly influences the safety of equipment.
In order to ensure that the linear power supply can work normally, a rectifying capacitor (especially an electrolytic capacitor) with a large capacitance value is adopted for voltage stabilization after a rectifying circuit, so that the linear power supply can work normally when the voltage of an input end of the three-terminal voltage stabilizer is larger than that of an output end. In the use process of the capacitor, the phenomena of capacitance value reduction and equivalent series resistance increase are easy to occur. When the equivalent series resistance of the capacitor is increased and the capacitance value of the capacitor is reduced to a value that the voltage of the input end of the three-terminal voltage stabilizer cannot be kept larger than the voltage of the output end, the linear power supply cannot work normally. Therefore, detecting the capacitance and equivalent series resistance of the rectifying capacitor in a linear power circuit is directly related to the fault condition and aging condition of the power supply.
Currently, detection methods are lacking, and thus, the prior art is to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a fault detection method for a linear power supply with a transformer, which is used for solving the technical problems mentioned in the background technology and is suitable for a linear power supply circuit with a transformer.
The invention discloses a fault detection method for a linear power supply with a transformer, which comprises the following steps of:
step S10, obtaining related information of a transformer in a linear power supply circuit;
step S20, a tenth calculation formula and an eleventh calculation formula are established according to the related information of the transformer, wherein the tenth calculation formula is i 2 ＝k(i m -i 1 ) The eleventh calculation formula is
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
u 1 is a voltage signal of the primary side of the transformer u 2 The voltage signal of the secondary side of the transformer is obtained; i.e. i 1 Is a current signal of the primary side of the transformer i 2 Is a current signal of the secondary side of the transformer, i m For exciting current signals of the transformer, r 1 Is the internal resistance of the primary winding of the transformer, r 2 Internal resistance of a secondary side winding of the transformer; l is 1 Is leakage inductance at primary side of the transformer, L 2 Is leakage inductance of secondary side of transformer, N 1 Is the number of turns of the primary winding of the transformer, N 2 The number of turns of a secondary side winding of the transformer is set;
step S30, after a rectifying capacitor module in the linear power circuit continues a charging process and a discharging process, obtaining input current, input voltage and load current in the linear power circuit, and calculating a voltage signal of the secondary side of the transformer and a current signal of the secondary side of the transformer according to a tenth formula and an eleventh formula;
step S40, calculating the current of the capacitor in the rectifying capacitor module according to the current signal of the secondary side of the transformer and the load current;
s50, calculating the capacitance value of the capacitor and the resistance value of the equivalent series resistor;
and S60, detecting whether the linear power circuit has faults or not according to the capacitance value of the capacitor, the standard capacitance value of the capacitor, the resistance value of the equivalent series resistor and the standard resistance value of the equivalent series resistor.
Preferably, in step S10, the transformer related information includes a transformer excitation current signal i m Primary side winding internal resistance r of transformer 1 Secondary side winding internal resistance r of transformer 2 Primary side leakage inductance L of the transformer 1 Secondary side leakage inductance L of transformer 2 Primary side induced electromotive force E of transformer 1 Secondary side induced electromotive force E of transformer 2 The number of turns N of the primary side winding of the transformer 1 And the number of turns N of the secondary side winding of the transformer 2 。
Preferably, step S60 specifically includes:
step S61, judging whether the capacitance value of the capacitor is lower than the standard capacitance value of the capacitor or whether the resistance value of the equivalent series resistor is larger than the standard resistance value of the equivalent series resistor;
in step S62, if the capacitance value of the capacitor is lower than the standard capacitance value of the capacitor or the resistance value of the equivalent series resistor is greater than the standard resistance value of the equivalent series resistor, the linear power circuit fails.
Preferably, in step S40, the calculated current of the capacitor includes i C (t 1 )、i C (t 2 ) And i C (t 3 ) (ii) a Step S50 specifically includes:
step S51, establishing a first formulaIs composed of
Wherein u is 2 (t 2 ) Denotes t 2 Secondary side input voltage u of transformer in time linear power supply 2 (t 1 ) Represents t 1 The secondary side input voltage of the transformer in the time linear power supply, C represents the capacitance value of the capacitor, i C (t 2 ) Represents t 2 Current of time capacitor, i C (t 1 ) Represents t 1 The current of the capacitor at the moment, R represents the resistance value of the equivalent series resistor, i 2 Representing the current of the secondary side of the transformer in a linear power supply, i o Represents a linear power supply load current;
step S52, establishing a second formula which is
Wherein u is 2 (t 3 ) Represents t 3 Secondary side input voltage i of transformer in time linear power supply c (t 3 ) Denotes t 3 The current of the time capacitor;
step S53, solving t 1 -t 2 Integral sum t of current of capacitance over time in time period 1 -t 3 And integrating the current of the capacitor in the time period with time, substituting a tenth calculation formula and an eleventh calculation formula into the first formula and the second formula, and substituting the current value of the capacitor at any three moments into the first formula and the second formula to calculate the capacitance value C of the capacitor and the resistance value R of the equivalent series resistor.
Preferably, the linear power circuit comprises a transformer, a diode rectifier bridge, a rectifier capacitor module and a linear circuit, the diode rectifier bridge is connected with the linear circuit through the rectifier capacitor module, and the transformer is connected with the diode rectifier bridge.
The method for detecting the fault of the linear power supply with the transformer is suitable for a linear power supply circuit externally connected with the transformer, based on the relevant information of the transformer, namely the influence of factors such as leakage inductance of the transformer, winding resistance and the like is considered, and the calculation precision of the capacitance value of the capacitor and the resistance value of the equivalent series resistor is high, so that the method is not influenced by the transformer in the linear power supply, and the practicability is high. The method does not need additional excitation auxiliary measurement, does not need to disassemble a power supply, and does not have any impact influence on the linear power supply.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a first embodiment of a transformer-equipped linear power failure detection method according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a detailed flowchart of step S50 of the transformer-equipped linear power failure detection method according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a second embodiment of the transformer-equipped linear power failure detection method according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a detailed flowchart of step S60 of the transformer-equipped linear power failure detection method according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of a linear power circuit according to a first embodiment of the method for detecting a fault in a transformer according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a model of an equivalent circuit of a linear power circuit in a first embodiment of the method for detecting a fault in a linear power supply with a transformer according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a model of an equivalent circuit of a discharge process in a first embodiment of the method for detecting a fault in a linear power supply with a transformer according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the waveforms of the input current and the input voltage at the outer side of the linear power supply in the first embodiment of the method for detecting a fault in a linear power supply with a transformer according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent model of a transformer in the method for detecting a fault in a linear power supply with a transformer according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a secondary side current signal of a transformer in the method for detecting a fault in a linear power supply with a transformer according to the present invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a linear power failure detection waveform in the linear power failure detection method with a transformer according to the present invention.
The implementation, functional features and advantages of the objects of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
It is noted that relative terms such as "first," "second," and the like may be used to describe various components, but these terms are not intended to limit the components. These terms are only used to distinguish one component from another component. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and, similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of the present invention. The term "and/or" refers to a combination of any one or more of the associated items and the descriptive items.
As shown in fig. 1 and 5, fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a linear power failure detection method according to a first embodiment of the present invention; fig. 5 is a circuit connection diagram of a linear power circuit according to a first embodiment of the linear power failure detection method of the present invention.
The invention relates to a fault detection method of a linear power supply, which aims at a linear power supply circuit externally connected with a transformer and is shown in figure 5; preferably, the linear power circuit comprises a transformer, a diode rectifier bridge, a rectifier capacitor module and a linear circuit, the diode rectifier bridge is connected with the linear circuit through the rectifier capacitor module, and the transformer is connected with the diode rectifier bridge; the rectifying capacitor module comprises a capacitor and an equivalent series resistor connected with the capacitor; specifically, the three-terminal voltage regulator comprises diode rectifier bridges (D1-D4), a rectifier capacitor C and an equivalent series resistor R thereof, a three-terminal voltage regulator, voltage regulating resistors R1 and R2 which can be used for regulating the output voltage, an output filter capacitor Co and a load Zo. A filter circuit can be added between the diode rectifier bridge and the linear circuit, or the filter circuit can be added before the diode rectifier bridge.
Preferably, the voltage regulator selects LM1117, the output voltage of the linear power supply is set to 10V by adjusting the matching resistors R1 and R2, the rectifying capacitor adopted in the experiment is 602uF, the primary side winding resistance of the transformer is 50 Ω, the secondary side winding is 0.8 Ω, the primary side leakage inductance is 0.106H, and the secondary side leakage inductance is 347uH. It should be noted that the above-mentioned model of the voltage regulator and the related information of the specific transformer are not limited to the description of the embodiment.
The invention discloses a fault detection method for a linear power supply with a transformer, which comprises the following steps of:
step S10, obtaining related information of a transformer in a linear power supply circuit; as shown in fig. 5 and 9, the transformer related information includes a transformer excitation current signal i m Primary side winding internal resistance r of transformer 1 And the internal resistance r of the secondary side winding of the transformer 2 Primary side leakage inductance L of the transformer 1 Secondary side leakage inductance L of transformer 2 Primary side induced electromotive force E of transformer 1 Secondary side induced electromotive force E of the transformer 2 The number of turns N of the primary side winding of the transformer 1 And the number of turns N of the secondary side winding of the transformer 2 。
Step S20, a tenth calculation formula and an eleventh calculation formula are established according to the related information of the transformer, wherein the tenth calculation formula is i 2 ＝k(i m -i 1 ) The eleventh calculation formula is
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
u 1 is a voltage signal of the primary side of the transformer u 2 The voltage signal of the secondary side of the transformer is obtained; i.e. i 1 Is a current signal of the primary side of the transformer i 2 Is a current signal of the secondary side of the transformer, i m For exciting current signals of the transformer, r 1 Is the internal resistance of the primary winding of the transformer, r 2 The internal resistance of a secondary side winding of the transformer is obtained; l is 1 Is leakage inductance at primary side of the transformer, L 2 Is leakage inductance of secondary side of transformer, N 1 For transformersNumber of primary winding turns, N 2 The number of turns of a secondary side winding of the transformer is set; specifically, the secondary side current signal of the transformer is solved by using the current signal of the primary side of the transformer and the excitation current signal as shown in fig. 10; fig. 11 shows a linear power failure detection waveform calculated by using the input voltage signal, the input current signal, and the load current signal outside the linear power supply.
Step S30, after a rectifying capacitor module in the linear power circuit continues a charging process and a discharging process, obtaining input current, input voltage and load current of the linear power circuit, and calculating a voltage signal of the secondary side of the transformer and a current signal of the secondary side of the transformer according to a tenth formula and an eleventh formula; specifically, the input current, the input voltage and the load current of a linear power supply circuit in a primary charging process are obtained;
step S40, calculating the current of the capacitor in the rectifying capacitor module according to the current signal of the secondary side of the transformer and the load current; the rectifying capacitor module comprises a capacitor and an equivalent series resistor;
s50, calculating the capacitance value of the capacitor and the resistance value of the equivalent series resistor;
as shown in FIG. 2, in step S40, the calculated current of the capacitor includes i C (t 1 )、i C (t 2 ) And i C (t 3 ) (ii) a Step S50 specifically includes:
step S51, establishing a first formula which is
Wherein u is 2 (t 2 ) Represents t 2 Secondary side input voltage u of transformer in time linear power supply 2 (t 1 ) Denotes t 1 The secondary side input voltage of a transformer in the time linear power supply, C represents the capacitance value of a capacitor, i C (t 2 ) Represents t 2 Current of time capacitor, i C (t 1 ) Denotes t 1 The current of the capacitor at the moment, R represents the resistance value of the equivalent series resistor, i 2 Representing the current, i, of the secondary side of a transformer in a linear power supply o Representing linear power supply load current；
Step S52, establishing a second formula which is
Wherein u is 2 (t 3 ) Denotes t 3 Secondary side input voltage i of transformer in time linear power supply c (t 3 ) Denotes t 3 The current of the time capacitor;
step S53, solving t 1 -t 2 Integral t of the current of the capacitor over time 1 -t 3 Integrating the current of the capacitor in a time period with time, substituting a tenth calculation formula and an eleventh calculation formula into a first formula and a second formula, and substituting the current value of the capacitor at any three moments into the first formula and the second formula to calculate the capacitance value C of the capacitor and the resistance value R of the equivalent series resistor; i.e. two parameters in the rectifying capacitor module.
And S60, detecting whether the linear power supply circuit has a fault or not according to the capacitance value of the capacitor, the standard capacitance value of the capacitor, the resistance value of the equivalent series resistor and the standard resistance value of the equivalent series resistor.
At the stage that the input current of the secondary side of the transformer is not zero, taking three points as t 1 ，t 2 ，t 3 The parameters for calculating the capacitance at any three points shown in fig. 11 are shown in table 1 below. From experimental results, the method can be verified to realize fault detection of the linear power supply.
TABLE 1 comparison of test results and experiments for a capacitance of 602uF
The method for detecting the fault of the linear power supply with the transformer is suitable for a linear power supply circuit externally connected with the transformer, based on the relevant information of the transformer, namely the influence of factors such as leakage inductance of the transformer, winding resistance and the like is considered, and the calculation precision of the capacitance value of the capacitor and the resistance value of the equivalent series resistor is high, so that the method is not influenced by the transformer in the linear power supply, and the practicability is high. The method does not need additional excitation auxiliary measurement, does not need to disassemble a power supply, and does not have any impact influence on the linear power supply.
The invention discloses a linear power supply circuit with a transformer, which comprises the following working process analysis: analyzing according to a typical circuit structure diagram of a linear power supply, equivalent the linear circuit to a current source, and dividing the working process of the circuit into a rectifying capacitor charging process and a rectifying capacitor discharging process according to the working state of a diode rectifier bridge (D1-D4), wherein the equivalent circuit of the charging process is shown in figure 6, and the equivalent circuit of the discharging process is shown in figure 7. Fig. 8 shows waveforms of the input voltage signal and the input current signal at the secondary side of the transformer during the operation of the linear power supply circuit. The schematic diagram of the equivalent model of the transformer is shown in fig. 9. In FIG. 7, t 0 -t 4 The stage of diode rectifier bridge conduction is a capacitor charging stage; t is t 4 -t 5 And the stage of diode rectifier bridge turn-off is a capacitor discharge stage. In the capacitor charging stage, the input current of the secondary side of the transformer is not zero, and in the capacitor discharging stage, the input current of the secondary side of the transformer is zero.
As shown in fig. 4, preferably, step S60 specifically includes:
step S61, judging whether the capacitance value of the capacitor is lower than the standard capacitance value of the capacitor or whether the resistance value of the equivalent series resistor is larger than the standard resistance value of the equivalent series resistor;
in step S62, if the capacitance value of the capacitor is lower than the standard capacitance value of the capacitor or the resistance value of the equivalent series resistor is greater than the standard resistance value of the equivalent series resistor, the linear power circuit fails.
When the solved capacitance value is lower than the capacitance value of the linear power supply when leaving factory or the resistance value of the equivalent series resistor is larger than the standard resistance value of the equivalent series resistor, the power supply starts to degrade, the larger the difference between the solved capacitance value and the capacitance value when leaving factory is, the more serious the power supply degrades, the larger the difference between the solved R value and the R value when leaving factory is, the more serious the power supply degrades, and then the fault condition and the aging state of the power supply can be judged. The standard capacitance value of the capacitor represents the capacitance value of the capacitor when the rectifier capacitor module leaves a factory; the standard resistance value of the equivalent series resistor represents the resistance value of the equivalent series resistor when the rectifier capacitor module leaves the factory.
As shown in fig. 3, it is preferable that a step of:
step S56, establishing a third formula which is
u 2 (t 5 ) Denotes t 5 Secondary side input voltage i of transformer in time linear power supply c (t 5 ) Denotes t 5 The current of the capacitor at the moment, R represents the resistance value of the equivalent series resistor, u 2 (t 4 ) Represents t 4 Secondary side input voltage i of transformer in time linear power supply c (t 4 ) Represents t 4 The current of the time capacitor; wherein the third formula relates to data source, and obtains t in one discharge process 4 And t 5 The time corresponds to the input current, the load current and the power supply input voltage in the linear power supply circuit; when the diode rectifier bridge is turned off, the capacitor discharge stage is represented, and an equivalent circuit is shown in fig. 7;
step S57, establishing a fourth formula which is
u 2 (t 4 ) Represents t 4 Inputting voltage at the secondary side of a transformer in the time linear power supply;
step S58, calculating the capacitance value C of the capacitor and the resistance value R of the equivalent series resistor;
in step S59, it is determined whether the capacitance value C of the capacitor calculated in step S58 is equal to the capacitance value C of the capacitor calculated in step S53, and whether the resistance value R of the esr calculated in step S58 is equal to the resistance value R of the esr calculated in step S53, if both are equal, step S60 is executed.
Based on the steps S56, S57, S58 and S59, the capacitance value C of the capacitor and the resistance value R of the equivalent series resistor are calculated through the data acquired in the capacitor discharging process; the calculation process is different from the calculation process before step S53, and step S51, step S52 and step S53 are calculation processes performed by using data acquired in the capacitor charging stage; the present preferred embodiment calculates C and R using data at the stage of the capacitive discharge process to verify C and R calculated at step S51, step S52, and step S53 (capacitive charge process). The purpose of accurate calculation is achieved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structures or equivalent processes performed by the present invention or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields are also included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A linear power failure detection method with a transformer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S10, obtaining transformer related information in a linear power supply circuit;
step S20, a tenth calculation formula and an eleventh calculation formula are established according to the related information of the transformer, wherein the tenth calculation formula is i 2 ＝k(i m -i 1 ) The eleventh calculation formula is
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
u 1 is a voltage signal of the primary side of the transformer u 2 The voltage signal of the secondary side of the transformer is obtained; i all right angle 1 Is a current signal of the primary side of the transformer i 2 Is a current signal of the secondary side of the transformer, i m For exciting current signals of the transformer, r 1 Is the internal resistance of the primary winding of the transformer, r 2 The internal resistance of a secondary side winding of the transformer is obtained; l is 1 Is leakage inductance at primary side of the transformer, L 2 Is leakage inductance of secondary side of transformer, N 1 Is the number of turns of the primary winding of the transformer, N 2 The number of turns of a secondary side winding of the transformer is set;
step S30, after a rectifying capacitor module in the linear power circuit continues a charging process and a discharging process, obtaining input current, input voltage and load current in the linear power circuit, and calculating a voltage signal of the secondary side of the transformer and a current signal of the secondary side of the transformer according to a tenth formula and an eleventh formula;
step S40, calculating the current of the capacitor in the rectification capacitor module according to the current signal of the secondary side of the transformer and the load current, wherein the calculated current of the capacitor comprises i C (t 1 )、i C (t 2 ) And i C (t 3 )；
S50, calculating the capacitance value of the capacitor and the resistance value of the equivalent series resistor;
step S50 specifically includes:
step S51, establishing a first formula which is
Wherein u is 2 (t 2 ) Represents t 2 Secondary side input voltage u of transformer in time linear power supply 2 (t 1 ) Represents t 1 The secondary side input voltage of the transformer in the time linear power supply, C represents the capacitance value of the capacitor, i C (t 2 ) Represents t 2 Current of time capacitor, i C (t 1 ) Represents t 1 The current of the capacitor at the moment, R represents the resistance value of the equivalent series resistor, i 2 Representing the current, i, of the secondary side of a transformer in a linear power supply o Represents a linear power supply load current;
step S52, establishing a second formula which is
Wherein u is 2 (t 3 ) Represents t 3 Secondary side input voltage i of transformer in time linear power supply c (t 3 ) Denotes t 3 The current of the time capacitor;
step S53, solving t 1 -t 2 Integral t of the current of the capacitor over time 1 -t 3 The integral of the current of the capacitor over time in the time period, the tenth calculation formula andsubstituting an eleventh calculation formula into the first formula and the second formula, and substituting the current values passing through the capacitor at any three moments into the first formula and the second formula to calculate the capacitance value C of the capacitor and the resistance value R of the equivalent series resistor;
and S60, detecting whether the linear power supply circuit has a fault or not according to the capacitance value of the capacitor, the standard capacitance value of the capacitor, the resistance value of the equivalent series resistor and the standard resistance value of the equivalent series resistor.
2. The transformer-equipped linear power failure detection method according to claim 1, wherein in step S10, the transformer-related information includes a transformer excitation current signal i m Internal resistance r of primary side winding of transformer 1 And the internal resistance r of the secondary side winding of the transformer 2 Primary side leakage inductance L of transformer 1 Secondary side leakage inductance L of transformer 2 Primary side induced electromotive force E of transformer 1 Secondary side induced electromotive force E of transformer 2 The number of turns N of the primary side winding of the transformer 1 And the number of turns N of the secondary side winding of the transformer 2 。
3. The method for detecting the fault of the linear power supply with the transformer according to claim 1, wherein the step S60 specifically comprises:
step S61, judging whether the capacitance value of the capacitor is lower than the standard capacitance value of the capacitor or whether the resistance value of the equivalent series resistor is larger than the standard resistance value of the equivalent series resistor;
in step S62, if the capacitance value of the capacitor is lower than the standard capacitance value of the capacitor or the resistance value of the equivalent series resistor is greater than the standard resistance value of the equivalent series resistor, the linear power circuit fails.
4. The linear power failure detection method with transformer of claim 1, wherein the linear power circuit comprises a transformer, a diode rectifier bridge, a rectifier capacitor module and a linear circuit, the diode rectifier bridge is connected with the linear circuit through the rectifier capacitor module, and the transformer is connected with the diode rectifier bridge.
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