CN112098703B - High-frequency voltage precision isolation amplifier - Google Patents
High-frequency voltage precision isolation amplifier Download PDFInfo
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- CN112098703B CN112098703B CN202010784175.1A CN202010784175A CN112098703B CN 112098703 B CN112098703 B CN 112098703B CN 202010784175 A CN202010784175 A CN 202010784175A CN 112098703 B CN112098703 B CN 112098703B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
- G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
- G01R15/18—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using inductive devices, e.g. transformers
- G01R15/183—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using inductive devices, e.g. transformers using transformers with a magnetic core
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-frequency voltage precision isolation amplifier, which comprises an iron core, a primary winding N1 and a secondary winding N2, wherein the primary winding N1 and the secondary winding N2 are wound on the iron core together, primary voltage U1 is loaded at two ends of the primary winding N1, and load voltage U2 is output outwards after the induction voltage of the secondary winding N2 is amplified; further comprising: the input end of the negative feedback detection circuit is wound at one end of the iron core and used for obtaining corresponding error voltage U3 and converting the error voltage U3 into direct-current feedback voltage U5; and the input end of the error compensation circuit simultaneously receives the feedback voltage U5 and the load voltage U2, and the output end of the error compensation circuit is wound at the other end of the iron core and used for outputting a corresponding compensation voltage U6 according to the feedback voltage U5 and the load voltage U2 so as to reduce the working point of the iron core and further reduce the error voltage U3. The invention ensures the precision of the amplitude of the output voltage, improves the conversion precision of the high-frequency voltage precision isolation amplifier and achieves the effect of precision isolation amplification.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of precision measurement, in particular to a high-frequency voltage precision isolation amplifier.
Background
In the field of precision measurement, a high-frequency precision isolation amplifier is used for realizing the electrical isolation of high-frequency sinusoidal signals, and an ideal isolation amplifier has the characteristics of equal amplitude and zero phase shift. The most common method is to use electromagnetic isolation, the principle of which is consistent with the transformer principle, the voltage transformer error is roughly in inverse proportion to the magnetic permeability of the iron core material, and in the high-frequency application field (for example, higher than 20 kHz), the commonly used iron core material is ferrite (usually thousands), and the magnetic permeability is far lower than that of the commonly used low-frequency iron core material permalloy (which can be as high as hundreds of thousands), so that a voltage transformer up to 0.001 level is realized at low frequency, and a voltage isolation transformer at 0.01 level at high frequency is difficult.
As shown in fig. 1, when a high-frequency voltage U1 enters from a primary winding wound on an iron core, an induced electromotive force U2 is generated on a secondary winding according to the law of electromagnetic induction, and U2= (N2/N1) = U1, as long as the number of turns N1 and N2 are appropriately adjusted, the voltage U1 can be amplified and attenuated, and the primary and secondary are not directly electrically connected to each other, so that the purpose of isolation is achieved.
The voltage isolation amplifier can realize the basic function of isolation amplification by setting the number of turns of the primary and the secondary, but the accuracy of the output signal U2 is greatly reduced because the high-frequency iron core has low magnetic permeability and large hysteresis loss relative to the low-frequency iron core. In addition, since the permeability of the iron core varies with frequency, the voltage isolation amplifier cannot be used for precise high-frequency isolation amplifier fabrication, and further cannot be used for precise high-frequency isolation amplification applications over a wide frequency range.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a high-frequency voltage precision isolation amplifier, which aims to solve the technical problem that the existing voltage isolation amplifier cannot realize high-frequency voltage precision isolation amplification.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a high-frequency voltage precision isolation amplifier comprises an iron core, a primary winding N1 and a secondary winding N2 which are wound on the iron core together, wherein primary voltage U1 is loaded at two ends of the primary winding N1, and load voltage U2 is output to the outside after the induction voltage of the secondary winding N2 is amplified; further comprising:
the input end of the negative feedback detection circuit is wound at one end of the iron core and is used for obtaining corresponding error voltage U3 and converting the error voltage U3 into direct current feedback voltage U5 when the iron core does not work in a zero magnetic flux state due to loss;
and the input end of the error compensation circuit simultaneously receives the feedback voltage U5 and the load voltage U2, and the output end of the error compensation circuit is wound at the other end of the iron core and used for outputting a corresponding compensation voltage U6 according to the feedback voltage U5 and the load voltage U2 so as to reduce the working point of the iron core and further reduce the error voltage U3.
Further, the iron core comprises a first iron core and a second iron core, and the first iron core and the second iron core are partially overlapped in the length direction.
Further, the primary winding N1 and the secondary winding N2 are wound together at the overlapping part of the first iron core and the second iron core;
the input end of the negative feedback detection circuit is wound on the first iron core and is used for obtaining corresponding error voltage U3 and converting the error voltage U3 into direct-current feedback voltage U5 when the iron core does not work in a zero-magnetic-flux state due to loss;
and the output end of the error compensation circuit is wound on the second iron core and used for outputting corresponding compensation voltage U6 according to the direct current feedback voltage U5 and the load voltage U2 so as to reduce the working point of the first iron core and further reduce the error voltage U3.
Further, the induced voltage of the secondary winding N2 is amplified by the high-speed operational amplifier circuit and then the load voltage U2 is output.
Further, the high-speed operational amplifier circuit comprises a high-speed operational amplifier, a resistor R1 and a resistor R2, wherein the homodromous input end of the high-speed operational amplifier is connected with the output end of the secondary winding N2 through a circuit, the reverse input end of the high-speed operational amplifier is respectively connected with the resistor R1 and the resistor R2, the other end of the resistor R2 is connected with the output end of the high-speed operational amplifier through a circuit, and the other end of the resistor R1 is grounded.
Further, the negative feedback detection circuit includes:
the detection winding N3 is wound on the first iron core and used for obtaining corresponding error voltage U3 when the iron core does not work in a zero magnetic flux state due to loss;
and the RMS-DC converter is connected with the output end circuit of the detection winding N3 and is used for converting the error voltage U3 into an equivalent direct current voltage U4.
Furthermore, the negative feedback detection circuit further comprises an integral operation circuit, and the integral operation circuit is connected with the output end circuit of the RMS-DC converter and is used for improving the gain of a direct current loop and reducing the gain of an alternating current loop.
Furthermore, the integral operation circuit comprises an integrator and a capacitor C, wherein the homodromous input end of the integrator is grounded, the reverse input end of the integrator is respectively connected with the output end of the RMS-DC converter and one end of the capacitor C in a circuit mode, and the other end of the capacitor C is connected with the output end of the integrator in a circuit mode.
Further, the error compensation circuit includes:
the two input ends of the multiplier respectively receive the direct-current feedback voltage U5 and the load voltage U2, the output end of the multiplier is in circuit connection with the compensation winding N4, and the multiplier is used for outputting a compensation voltage U6 to the compensation winding N4 according to the multiplication result of the direct-current feedback voltage U5 and the load voltage U2, wherein U6= U5 × U2, the frequency of the compensation voltage U6 is consistent with the output voltage U2, and the amplitude is U5 times of the output voltage U2;
and the compensation winding N4 is wound on the second iron core, is connected with an output end circuit of the multiplier and is used for reducing the working point of the second iron core through the compensation voltage U6 so as to reduce the error voltage U3.
Further, a high-frequency driving amplifier is also arranged between the compensation winding N4 and the output end of the multiplier, and the high-frequency driving amplifier adopts a unity gain follower or a fixed gain amplifier and is used for supplying an excitation current to the compensation winding N4.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
compared with the common high-frequency isolation amplifier, the high-frequency voltage precision isolation amplifier has the advantages that the loss of the iron core of the high-frequency transformer is compensated through the negative feedback compensation system, the loss in the high-frequency amplification process is greatly reduced, the precision of the amplitude of the output voltage is ensured, the conversion precision of the high-frequency voltage precision isolation amplifier is improved, and the effect of precision isolation amplification is achieved.
In addition to the above-described objects, features and advantages, the present invention has other objects, features and advantages. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a high frequency voltage precision isolation amplifier circuit according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a first iron core; 2. an RMS-DC converter; 3. an integrator; 4. a multiplier; 5. a high frequency drive amplifier; 6. a high-speed operational amplifier; 7. and a second iron core.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, in the present application, the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, a preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a high-frequency voltage precision isolation amplifier, which includes an iron core, a primary winding N1 and a secondary winding N2 wound around the iron core, wherein a primary voltage U1 is applied to two ends of the primary winding N1, and an induced voltage of the secondary winding N2 is amplified and then outputs a load voltage U2; further comprising:
the input end of the negative feedback detection circuit is wound at one end of the iron core and is used for obtaining corresponding error voltage U3 and converting the error voltage U3 into direct current feedback voltage U5 when the iron core does not work in a zero magnetic flux state due to loss;
and the input end of the error compensation circuit simultaneously receives the feedback voltage U5 and the load voltage U2, and the output end of the error compensation circuit is wound at the other end of the iron core and used for outputting a corresponding compensation voltage U6 according to the feedback voltage U5 and the load voltage U2 so as to reduce the working point of the iron core and further reduce the error voltage U3.
Because the high-frequency iron core has low magnetic permeability and large hysteresis loss relative to the low-frequency iron core, the iron core does not work in a zero magnetic flux state, an error voltage U3 is generated, and the accuracy of the load voltage U2 is greatly reduced. In addition, because the permeability of the iron core varies with frequency, the conventional isolation amplifier cannot be used as a precise high-frequency isolation amplifier, and cannot be further used for precise high-frequency isolation amplification application in a wide frequency range. Therefore, the high-frequency voltage precision isolation amplifier of the present embodiment is provided with a negative feedback compensation system including a feedback detection circuit and an error compensation circuit, wherein the negative feedback detection circuit can obtain a corresponding error voltage U3 and convert the error voltage into a direct current feedback voltage U5; and the error compensation circuit outputs corresponding compensation voltage U6 to act on the iron core according to the feedback voltage U5 and the load voltage U2, reduces the working point of the iron core in a negative feedback mode, further reduces the error voltage U3, eliminates the output voltage amplitude error caused by iron core loss and the fact that the iron core does not work in a zero magnetic flux state, and improves the precision of the output voltage amplitude.
Compared with the existing isolation amplifier, the invention compensates the loss of the high-frequency transformer iron core through the negative feedback compensation system, greatly reduces the loss in the high-frequency amplification process, ensures the precision of the amplitude of the output voltage, improves the conversion precision of the high-frequency voltage precision isolation amplifier, and achieves the effect of precision isolation amplification.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the core includes a first core 1 and a second core 7, and the first core 1 and the second core 7 are partially overlapped in a length direction.
The primary winding N1 and the secondary winding N2 are wound on the overlapped part of the first iron core 1 and the second iron core 7 together;
the input end of the negative feedback detection circuit is wound on the first iron core 1 and is used for obtaining corresponding error voltage U3 and converting the error voltage U3 into direct current feedback voltage U5 when the iron core does not work in a zero magnetic flux state due to loss;
the output end of the error compensation circuit is wound on the second iron core 7 and used for outputting corresponding compensation voltage U6 according to the direct current feedback voltage U5 and the load voltage U2 so as to reduce the working point of the first iron core 1 and further reduce the error voltage U3.
In this embodiment, the iron core includes a first iron core 1 and a second iron core 7, the first iron core 1 and the second iron core 7 are partially overlapped in a length direction, meanwhile, the primary winding N1 and the secondary winding N2 are wound together at the overlapped portion of the first iron core 1 and the second iron core 7, and an input end of the negative feedback detection circuit and an output end of the error compensation circuit are wound on the first iron core 1 and the second iron core 7, respectively, wherein the first iron core 1 mainly provides energy to make the winding obtain an exciting current, and the second iron core 7 realizes precise amplification in order to ensure zero magnetic flux.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the induced voltage of the secondary winding N2 is amplified by a high-speed operational amplifier circuit and then outputs a load voltage U2 to the outside, wherein the high-speed operational amplifier circuit includes a high-speed operational amplifier 6, a resistor R1 and a resistor R2, a homodromous input end of the high-speed operational amplifier 6 is connected to an output end circuit of the secondary winding N2, an inverting input end of the high-speed operational amplifier 6 is connected to the resistor R1 and the resistor R2, the other end of the resistor R2 is connected to an output end circuit of the high-speed operational amplifier 6, and the other end of the resistor R1 is grounded.
In this embodiment, the purpose and function of the high-speed operational amplifier circuit is to change a passive output into an active output, thereby improving the driving capability of the output. Specifically, after the induced voltage of the secondary winding N2 of this embodiment is amplified by the high-speed operational amplifier circuit, the output voltage is the load voltage U2, and U2= (N2/N1) × (1 + R2/R1) × U1.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the negative feedback detection circuit includes:
the detection winding N3 is wound on the first iron core 1 and used for obtaining corresponding error voltage U3 when the iron core does not work in a zero magnetic flux state due to loss;
and the RMS-DC converter 2 is connected with the output end circuit of the detection winding N3 and is used for converting the error voltage U3 into an equivalent direct current voltage U4.
The negative feedback detection circuit of the embodiment includes a detection winding N3 capable of obtaining a corresponding error voltage U3, and an RMS-DC converter 2 connected to an output end circuit of the detection winding N3 and configured to convert the error voltage U3 into an equivalent DC voltage U4, and provide a corresponding multiple factor for obtaining a compensation voltage U6 by multiplication later, and the ac error voltage U3 must be rectified to become a DC signal for integration.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the negative feedback detection circuit further includes an integrating operation circuit, the integrating operation circuit is connected to the output end of the RMS-DC converter 2, and includes an integrator 3 and a capacitor C, the input end of the integrator 3 in the same direction is grounded, the input end of the integrator 3 in the opposite direction is respectively connected to the output end of the RMS-DC converter 2 and one end of the capacitor C in a circuit, and the other end of the capacitor C is connected to the output end of the integrator 3 in a circuit.
The high-frequency voltage precision isolation amplifier of the embodiment is characterized in that an integral operation circuit is further arranged at the output end of the RMS-DC converter 2 of the negative feedback detection circuit, the integral operation circuit is equivalent to an open circuit for direct current signals and an open circuit for alternating current signals, and the integral operation circuit is used in the whole closed loop, so that the gain of a direct current loop can be greatly improved, the gain of an alternating current loop is reduced, and system oscillation is avoided. The direct current gain of the integral operation circuit is large, so that the defect of low magnetic conductivity of the high-frequency iron core is overcome, the whole closed loop gain is large, the sensitivity of error detection is improved, and the aim of precise isolation and amplification of high-frequency voltage is fulfilled.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the error compensation circuit includes:
a multiplier 4, two input ends of the multiplier 4 respectively receive the direct current feedback voltage U5 and the load voltage U2, and an output end of the multiplier 4 is electrically connected to the compensation winding N4, and is configured to output a compensation voltage U6 to the compensation winding N4 according to a multiplication result of the direct current feedback voltage U5 and the load voltage U2, where U6= U5 × U2, a frequency of the compensation voltage U6 is consistent with the load voltage U2, and an amplitude is U5 times of the load voltage U2;
and the compensation winding N4 is wound on the second iron core 7, is in circuit connection with the output end of the multiplier 4, and is used for reducing the working point of the second iron core 7 through compensation voltage U6 so as to reduce error voltage U3.
In this embodiment, the frequency of the compensation voltage U6 output to the compensation winding N4 through the multiplier 4 is the same as the load voltage U2, and must be the same frequency, and the amplitude is U5 times of the load voltage U2, so as to generate the compensation voltage U6 to reduce the operating point of the second iron core 7, thereby reducing the error voltage U3.
The multiplier 4 can be realized by a four-quadrant multiplier, or can be realized by a DAC (digital-to-analog converter), when the multiplier is realized by the DAC, the feedback voltage U5 output by the negative feedback detection circuit is connected to the reference input terminal of the DAC, and the other input of the DAC is set to be a certain dc level, so that the output is the product of the two.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a high-frequency driving amplifier 5 is further disposed between the compensation winding N4 and the output end of the multiplier 4, wherein the high-frequency driving amplifier 5 adopts a unity gain follower or a fixed gain amplifier, and the high-frequency driving amplifier 5 serves as a driving amplifier for the compensation winding N4 and mainly functions to provide an excitation current to the compensation winding N4 to ensure that the compensation winding N4 generates a sufficient magnetic field on the iron core. If the multiplication is performed by a DAC (digital to analog converter), the high frequency drive amplifier 5 can be omitted if the output amplifier of the DAC (digital to analog converter) itself can provide sufficient drive current to ensure that the compensation winding N4 generates a sufficient magnetic field on the core.
The negative feedback detection circuit and the error compensation circuit of the high-frequency voltage precise isolation amplifier form a closed-loop feedback system, so that the iron core works in a zero-magnetic-flux state finally, and meanwhile, the direct-current gain of the integrator 3 is large, so that the defect of low magnetic permeability of the high-frequency iron core is overcome, the whole closed-loop gain is large, the sensitivity of error detection is improved, and the purpose of precise isolation and amplification of the high-frequency voltage is achieved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A high-frequency voltage precision isolation amplifier comprises an iron core, a primary winding N1 and a secondary winding N2 which are wound on the iron core together, wherein primary voltage U1 is loaded at two ends of the primary winding N1, and load voltage U2 is output to the outside after the induction voltage of the secondary winding N2 is amplified; it is characterized by also comprising:
the input end of the negative feedback detection circuit is wound at one end of the iron core and is used for obtaining corresponding error voltage U3 and converting the error voltage U3 into direct-current feedback voltage U5 when the iron core does not work in a zero-magnetic-flux state due to loss;
and the input end of the error compensation circuit simultaneously receives the feedback voltage U5 and the load voltage U2, and the output end of the error compensation circuit is wound at the other end of the iron core and used for outputting a corresponding compensation voltage U6 according to the feedback voltage U5 and the load voltage U2 so as to reduce the working point of the iron core and further reduce the error voltage U3.
2. A high frequency voltage precision isolation amplifier according to claim 1,
the iron core comprises a first iron core (1) and a second iron core (7), wherein the first iron core (1) and the second iron core (7) are partially overlapped in the length direction.
3. A high frequency voltage precision isolation amplifier according to claim 2,
the primary winding N1 and the secondary winding N2 are wound on the overlapped part of the first iron core (1) and the second iron core (7) together;
the input end of the negative feedback detection circuit is wound on the first iron core (1) and is used for obtaining corresponding error voltage U3 and converting the error voltage U3 into direct-current feedback voltage U5 when the iron core does not work in a zero-magnetic-flux state due to loss;
and the output end of the error compensation circuit is wound on the second iron core (7) and used for outputting corresponding compensation voltage U6 according to the direct current feedback voltage U5 and the load voltage U2 so as to reduce the working point of the first iron core (1), and further reduce the error voltage U3.
4. The high-frequency voltage precision isolation amplifier according to claim 1, wherein the induced voltage of the secondary winding N2 is amplified by a high-speed operational amplifier circuit and then externally outputs a load voltage U2.
5. A high frequency voltage precision isolation amplifier according to claim 4,
the high-speed operational amplifier circuit comprises a high-speed operational amplifier (6), a resistor R1 and a resistor R2, wherein the homodromous input end of the high-speed operational amplifier (6) is connected with the output end of the secondary winding N2 in a circuit mode, the reverse input end of the high-speed operational amplifier is connected with the resistor R1 and the resistor R2 respectively, the other end of the resistor R2 is connected with the output end of the high-speed operational amplifier (6) in a circuit mode, and the other end of the resistor R1 is grounded.
6. A high frequency voltage precision isolation amplifier according to claim 2,
the negative feedback detection circuit includes:
the detection winding N3 is wound on the first iron core (1) and is used for obtaining corresponding error voltage U3 when the iron core does not work in a zero magnetic flux state due to loss;
and the RMS-DC converter (2) is connected with the output end circuit of the detection winding N3 and is used for converting the error voltage U3 into an equivalent direct current voltage U4.
7. A high frequency voltage precision isolation amplifier according to claim 6,
the negative feedback detection circuit also comprises an integral operation circuit, and the integral operation circuit is connected with the output end circuit of the RMS-DC converter (2) and is used for improving the gain of a direct current loop and reducing the gain of an alternating current loop.
8. A high frequency voltage precision isolation amplifier according to claim 7,
the integral operation circuit comprises an integrator (3) and a capacitor C, wherein the homodromous input end of the integrator (3) is grounded, the reverse input end of the integrator is respectively connected with the output end of the RMS-DC converter (2) and one end of the capacitor C through circuits, and the other end of the capacitor C is connected with the output end of the integrator (3) through a circuit.
9. A high frequency voltage precision isolation amplifier according to any one of claims 2, 3, 6, 7, 8,
the error compensation circuit includes:
a multiplier (4), two input ends of the multiplier (4) respectively receive the direct current feedback voltage U5 and the load voltage U2, and an output end of the multiplier is connected with the compensation winding N4 in a circuit manner, and is used for outputting a compensation voltage U6 to the compensation winding N4 according to a multiplication result of the direct current feedback voltage U5 and the load voltage U2, wherein U6= U5 × U2, the frequency of the compensation voltage U6 is consistent with the output voltage U2, and the amplitude is U5 times of the output voltage U2;
and the compensation winding N4 is wound on the second iron core (7), is in circuit connection with the output end of the multiplier (4), and is used for reducing the working point of the second iron core (7) through a compensation voltage U6 so as to reduce an error voltage U3.
10. The high-frequency voltage precision isolation amplifier according to claim 9, wherein a high-frequency driving amplifier (5) is further disposed between the compensation winding N4 and the output end of the multiplier (4), and the high-frequency driving amplifier (5) adopts a unity gain follower or a fixed gain amplifier for supplying an excitation current to the compensation winding N4.
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