CN112098282A - Dust concentration sensor, test method and calibration method - Google Patents
Dust concentration sensor, test method and calibration method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 265
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- G—PHYSICS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dust concentration sensor, a test method and a calibration method, wherein the dust concentration sensor comprises an infrared drive circuit, a light emitting module, a light detection module, a signal processing module and a microprocessor; the testing method comprises the steps that an infrared driving circuit is used for driving a light emitting module to irradiate dust in air to be detected, a light detection module collects dust reflected light, a signal processing module converts the reflected light into a digital signal and sends the digital signal to a microprocessor, and the microprocessor calculates and obtains the dust concentration; the calibration method comprises the steps of generating dust with preset dust concentration, correlating the preset dust concentration with a digital signal obtained by converting reflected light by a dust concentration sensor, and writing the preset dust concentration and the corresponding digital signal into the dust concentration sensor; the testing method and the testing device provided by the invention improve the testing precision of the dust concentration, and the provided calibration method ensures the testing consistency among different dust concentration sensors.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sensors, in particular to a dust concentration sensor, a test method and a calibration method.
Background
Dust, including dust and particles, refers to tiny particles suspended in air; after general dust in the environment enters the lung of a human body, various pneumoconiosis diseases can be caused; the influence of dust in a workshop on production is mainly to reduce the product quality and the working precision of a machine; dust also reduces illuminance and visibility, affecting the field of vision for indoor operations.
The dust concentration sensor is also called a dust sensor and is used for monitoring the dust concentration in the air within the monitoring range in real time. The existing dust concentration sensor has the defects of low test precision and incapability of effectively calibrating the dust concentration sensor.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the test method and calibration method for the high-precision dust concentration sensor and the dust concentration sensor with simple structure and high test precision are provided.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention provides a test method of a dust concentration sensor, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, collecting reflected light from dust in air to be detected, and converting the reflected light into a current signal;
step 2, converting the current signal obtained in the step 1 into a voltage signal, converting the voltage signal into a digital signal adcvalue, and combining the following formula:
pm25value＝(m_pm25high-m_pm25low)*((adcvalue-m_adclow))/(m_adchigh-m_adclow)+m_pm25low
calculating the dust concentration pm25value of dust in the air to be detected;
wherein m _ pm25high is a preset high dust concentration, and m _ adchigh is a digital signal corresponding to the high dust concentration m _ pm25 high; m _ pm25low is a preset low dust concentration, m _ adlow is a digital signal corresponding to m _ pm25low, and m _ pm25high is greater than m _ pm25 low.
Prior to step 1, the method further comprises: and generating illumination according to the set time interval and the set continuous power supply time, and irradiating the dust in the air to be detected.
A calibration method of a dust concentration sensor is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step A, generating dust with a corresponding preset high dust concentration m _ pm25high in a closed environment, collecting reflected light from the dust by a dust concentration sensor after the dust is stabilized for a preset time T1, converting the emitted light into a current signal, converting the current signal into a voltage signal, converting the voltage signal into a digital signal m _ adchigh, and establishing a corresponding relation between the digital signal m _ adchigh and the high dust concentration m _ pm25 high; storing the high dust concentration m _ pm25high and a corresponding digital signal m _ adchigh into a dust concentration sensor;
b, generating dust corresponding to a preset low dust concentration m _ pm25low in a closed environment, wherein m _ pm25high is more than m _ pm25 low; after the dust is stabilized for a preset time T2, the dust concentration sensor collects reflected light from the dust, converts the reflected light into a current signal, converts the current signal into a voltage signal, converts the voltage signal into a digital signal m _ pm25low, and constructs a corresponding relation between the digital signal m _ pm25low and the low dust concentration m _ pm25 low; the low dust concentration m _ pm25low and its corresponding digital signal m _ adlow are stored in the sensor.
In the step A, generating dust corresponding to a preset high dust concentration m _ pm25high in a closed environment through a smoke generator;
in step B, dust corresponding to a preset low dust concentration m _ pm25low is generated in a closed environment by a dust generator.
The method comprises the following steps of executing the following steps based on an upper computer in communication connection with a dust concentration sensor:
in the step A, after a digital signal m _ adchigh corresponding to the high dust concentration m _ pm25high is obtained, the method further comprises the steps that the dust concentration sensor sends the digital signal m _ adchigh to an upper computer, a corresponding relation between the high dust concentration m _ pm25high and the digital signal m _ adchigh is established through the upper computer, and the high dust concentration m _ pm25high and the corresponding digital signal m _ adchigh are sent to the dust concentration sensor;
in the step B, after the digital signal m _ adchigh corresponding to the low dust concentration m _ pm25low is obtained, the method further comprises the steps that the dust concentration sensor sends the digital signal m _ adchigh to an upper computer, the upper computer establishes the corresponding relation between the low dust concentration m _ pm25low and the digital signal m _ adclow, and the low dust concentration m _ pm25low and the digital signal m _ adclow corresponding to the low dust concentration m _ pm25low are sent to the dust concentration sensor.
A dust concentration sensor for realizing the method comprises a light emitting module, a light detection module, a signal processing circuit, an analog-to-digital converter, a microprocessor, a memory and a driving circuit; the storage is pre-stored with a group of dust concentrations and digital signals corresponding to the dust concentrations;
the light emitting module is connected with the driving circuit, and the driving circuit is connected with the microprocessor; the driving circuit is used for supplying power to the light-emitting module according to a set time interval and a set continuous power supply time under the control of the microprocessor, so that the light-emitting module irradiates dust in air to be detected;
the optical detection module is connected with the signal processing circuit, the signal processing module is connected with the analog-to-digital converter, the analog-to-digital converter is connected with the microprocessor, and the microprocessor is connected with the memory; the light detection module is used for collecting reflected light of dust and converting the reflected light into a current signal; the signal processing module is used for converting the current signal into a voltage signal and sending the voltage signal to the analog-to-digital converter; the analog-to-digital converter is used for converting the voltage signal into a digital signal and sending the digital signal to the microprocessor; the microprocessor is used for acquiring the dust concentration according to the digital signal sent by the analog-to-digital converter, a group of dust concentrations prestored in the memory and the digital signal corresponding to each dust concentration.
The dust concentration sensor also comprises a universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter connected with the microprocessor; the universal asynchronous receiver and transmitter is used for realizing data transmission between the dust concentration sensor and other modules.
The invention also provides a dust concentration sensor for realizing the test method and the calibration method, wherein the dust concentration sensor comprises a light-emitting module, a light detection module, a signal processing circuit, an analog-to-digital converter, a microprocessor, a memory and a drive circuit; a group of dust concentrations and digital signals corresponding to the dust concentrations are prestored in the memory;
the light emitting module is connected with the driving circuit, and the driving circuit is connected with the microprocessor; the driving circuit is used for supplying power to the light-emitting module according to a set time interval and a set continuous power supply time under the control of the microprocessor, so that the light-emitting module irradiates dust in air to be detected;
the optical detection module is connected with the signal processing circuit, the signal processing module is connected with the analog-to-digital converter, the analog-to-digital converter is connected with the microprocessor, and the microprocessor is connected with the memory; the light detection module is used for collecting reflected light of dust and converting the reflected light into a current signal; the signal processing module is used for converting the current signal into a voltage signal and sending the voltage signal to the analog-to-digital converter; the analog-to-digital converter is used for converting the voltage signal into a digital signal and sending the digital signal to the microprocessor; the microprocessor is used for acquiring the dust concentration according to the digital signal sent by the analog-to-digital converter, a group of dust concentrations prestored in the memory and the digital signal corresponding to each dust concentration.
The dust concentration sensor also comprises a universal asynchronous transceiver connected with the microprocessor; the universal asynchronous receiver and transmitter is used for realizing data transmission between the dust concentration sensor and other modules.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the test method of the dust concentration sensor provided by the invention can effectively test the dust concentration in the air within the detection range; the dust concentration sensor is calibrated according to the method, so that the precision of the dust concentration sensor is improved, and the consistency of data of different dust concentration sensors is ensured; the dust concentration sensor provided by the invention has the advantages of simple structure and high test precision.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for testing a dust concentration sensor provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic connection diagram of an apparatus for calibrating a dust concentration sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a dust concentration sensor provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of a dust concentration sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a testing method and a calibration method for a dust concentration sensor. The test method of the dust concentration sensor comprises the following steps: generating illumination according to a set time interval and a set continuous power supply time, irradiating dust in air to be detected, and then executing the following steps; in one embodiment, the set time interval is 1s, and the set continuous power supply time is 100 μ s:
step 1, collecting reflected light from dust in air to be detected, and converting the reflected light into a current signal;
step 2, converting the current signal obtained in the step 1 into a voltage signal, converting the voltage signal into a digital signal adcvalue, and combining the following formula:
pm25value＝(m_pm25high-m_pm25low)*((adcvalue-m_adclow))/(m_adchigh-m_adclow)+m_pm25low
calculating the dust concentration pm25value of dust in the air to be detected;
wherein m _ pm25high is a preset high dust concentration, and m _ adchigh is a digital signal corresponding to the high dust concentration m _ pm25 high; m _ pm25low is a preset low dust concentration, m _ adlow is a digital signal corresponding to m _ pm25low, and m _ pm25high > m _ pm25 low.
Before the dust concentration sensor is used for testing the dust concentration for the first time, the manufactured and assembled dust concentration sensor needs to be calibrated; referring to fig. 2, the embodiment of the invention realizes calibration of the dust concentration sensor based on the dust generator and the upper computer in communication connection with the dust concentration sensor.
When calibration is performed, a dust concentration sensor to be calibrated is placed in a closed environment, the closed environment in the embodiment is a sealed smoke box, a smoke generator is communicated with the interior of the smoke box, initialization processing is performed on hardware in the dust concentration sensor, and the hardware for initialization comprises a microprocessor MCU (microprogrammed control unit) and a Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART) in the dust concentration sensor, a driving circuit, a signal processing circuit and an analog-to-digital converter; then the following steps are carried out:
step A, generating dust with a corresponding preset high dust concentration m _ pm25high in a closed environment through a smoke generator; after the dust is stabilized for a preset time T1, the dust concentration sensor collects reflected light from the dust, converts the reflected light into a current signal, converts the current signal into a voltage signal, and converts the voltage signal into a digital signal m _ adchigh; the dust concentration sensor sends the digital signal m _ adchigh to an upper computer, the upper computer establishes a corresponding relation between the high dust concentration m _ pm25high and the digital signal m _ adchigh, and sends the high dust concentration m _ pm25high and the digital signal m _ adchigh corresponding to the high dust concentration m _ pm25high to the dust concentration sensor; storing the high dust concentration m _ pm25high and a digital signal m _ adchigh corresponding to the high dust concentration m _ pm25high into a sensor;
b, generating dust with a corresponding preset low dust concentration m _ pm25low in a closed environment through a dust generator, wherein m _ pm25high is more than m _ pm25 low; after the dust is stabilized for a preset time T2, the dust concentration sensor collects reflected light from the dust, converts the reflected light into a current signal, converts the current signal into a voltage signal, and converts the voltage signal into a digital signal m _ adlow; the dust concentration sensor sends the digital signal m _ adchigh to an upper computer, the upper computer establishes a corresponding relation between the low dust concentration m _ pm25low and the digital signal m _ adclow, and sends the low dust concentration m _ pm25low and the digital signal m _ adclow corresponding to the low dust concentration m _ pm25low to the dust concentration sensor; the low dust concentration m _ pm25low, and the digital signal m _ adlow corresponding to the low dust concentration m _ pm25low are stored in the sensor.
In practical application, different dust concentration sensors are calibrated by referring to the calibration method, and during calibration, the dust generator is used for respectively generating dust with the same high dust concentration and dust with the same low dust concentration to calibrate the different dust concentration sensors.
Through the calibration of the method, the test difference among the dust concentration sensors can be solved, the test precision of the dust concentration sensors is improved, and the test consistency of different dust concentration sensors is ensured.
When the dust concentration sensor is calibrated, the microprocessor detects whether a calibration data packet is input by the UART, wherein the calibration data packet comprises a low dust concentration m _ pm25low when the dust concentration sensor is calibrated, a digital signal m _ adlow corresponding to the m _ pm25low, a high dust concentration m _ pm25high when the dust concentration sensor is calibrated, and a digital signal m _ adhigh corresponding to the m _ pm25 high; if yes, then write m _ pm25low, m _ adclose, m _ pm25high, m _ adchigh in the calibration data packet into EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory).
In practical application, a software development environment needs to be installed at a PC (personal computer) end, program programming is carried out, an algorithm is realized in a program form, after a program is written and debugged, the debugged program is downloaded to a circuit board, and calibration or testing of the dust concentration sensor can be carried out by referring to the method.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a dust concentration sensor for realizing the method, and referring to fig. 3 and 4, the dust concentration sensor comprises a sensor shell, the sensor shell is provided with an opening, and air to be detected in the detection area enters the detection area through the opened small hole.
A dust concentration detection circuit is arranged in the sensor shell; the dust concentration detection circuit comprises a light emitting module and a light detection module; the light emitting module forms an infrared emitting end, the light detecting module forms an infrared receiving end, and the optical axes of the infrared emitting end and the infrared receiving end are intersected.
When no dust enters the detection area, the light emitted by the light-emitting module is direct; when dust enters the detection area, the light emitted by the infrared emission end irradiates on the dust in the detection area, and the infrared receiving end receives reflected light generated by the dust through the light irradiation; the higher the dust concentration in the detection area, the stronger the reflected light.
Referring to fig. 2, the dust concentration detection circuit includes a light emitting module, a light detection module, a signal processing module, a microprocessor MCU, a memory, and a UART; the dust concentration sensor also comprises a driving circuit connected with the light-emitting module, and the driving circuit is connected with the microprocessor; the driving circuit is used for supplying power to the light-emitting module under the control of the microprocessor; and the UART is in communication connection with an upper computer outside the dust concentration sensor.
In this embodiment, the light emitting module is a Light Emitting Diode (LED), the driving circuit is an infrared driving circuit, and the memory is an EEPROM; the dust concentration sensor also comprises a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) which is used for displaying the test result of the dust concentration sensor; in one embodiment, the UART, the MCU, the EEPROM, the driving circuit and the signal processing module are integrated in one chip.
The signal output end of the optical detection module is connected with the signal input end of the signal processing module, and the signal output end of the signal processing module is connected with the microprocessor; the light detection module is used for receiving reflected light of the dust in the air to be detected and converting the reflected light into a current signal; the signal processing module is used for receiving the current signal sent by the light detection module, converting the current signal into a digital signal and further sending the digital signal to the microprocessor.
The memory is used for pre-storing a group of digital signals and dust concentration values corresponding to the digital signals, wherein the group of digital signals comprises a high dust concentration value and a low dust concentration value when the dust concentration sensor is calibrated, and the digital signals respectively corresponding to the high dust concentration value and the low dust concentration value; when the dust concentration test is carried out, the microprocessor calls the digital signals in the memory and the dust concentration values corresponding to the digital signals, and obtains the dust concentration value in the air to be detected according to the digital signals received from the signal processing module.
Specifically, the signal processing module includes a signal processing circuit, an ADC (Analog-to-digital converter); the current input end of the signal processing circuit forms the signal input end of the signal processing module, the voltage output end of the signal processing circuit is connected with the voltage input end of the analog-to-digital converter, and the signal output end of the analog-to-digital converter forms the signal output end of the signal processing module. When dust concentration sensor carries out the dust concentration test, MCU control drive circuit regularly enables drive circuit, make drive circuit supply power for light-emitting module according to the time interval of setting for and the duration power supply time of setting for, light-emitting module sends the light irradiation on the dust, the dust produces the reverberation, light detection module receives the reverberation and converts received light signal into current signal, and with current signal transmission to signal processing circuit, signal processing circuit converts current signal into voltage signal, and with voltage signal transmission to ADC, ADC converts voltage signal into digital signal, and handle digital signal transmission to MCU, and then acquire the dust concentration.
When the dust concentration sensor is used for testing the dust concentration, the dust concentration and the digital signal are sent to an upper computer in communication connection with the dust concentration sensor through a UART (universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter) connected with the MCU; when the dust concentration sensor is calibrated, the upper computer sends a high dust concentration m _ pm25high, a digital signal m _ adchigh corresponding to the high dust concentration m _ pm25high, a low dust concentration m _ pm25low and a digital signal m _ adclose corresponding to the low dust concentration m _ pm25low to the microprocessor through the UART; in the process of data transmission through the UART, whether data transmission is in error is detected in a checksum mode.
The dust concentration sensor provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of simple structure and convenience in operation; the testing method of the dust concentration sensor can detect the dust concentration in the air in a detection area in real time, and the dust comprises dust, smoke dust and the like, so that the measurement precision of the dust concentration sensor is improved; according to the calibration method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the dust generator is used for generating dust with the same dust concentration, and the dust concentration sensor for performing the dust concentration test for the first time is calibrated, so that the measurement error among different dust concentration sensors is eliminated, and the consistency of the measurement results of different dust concentration sensors is ensured.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A test method of a dust concentration sensor is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, collecting reflected light from dust in air to be detected, and converting the reflected light into a current signal;
step 2, converting the current signal obtained in the step 1 into a voltage signal, converting the voltage signal into a digital signal adcvalue, and combining the following formula:
pm25value＝(m_pm25high-m_pm25low)*((adcvalue-m_adclow))/(m_adchigh-m_adclow)+m_pm25low
calculating the dust concentration pm25value of dust in the air to be detected;
wherein m _ pm25high is a preset high dust concentration, and m _ adchigh is a digital signal corresponding to the high dust concentration m _ pm25 high; m _ pm25low is a preset low dust concentration, m _ adlow is a digital signal corresponding to m _ pm25low, and m _ pm25high is greater than m _ pm25 low.
2. The dust concentration sensor testing method of claim 1, wherein before step 1, the method further comprises: and generating illumination according to the set time interval and the set continuous power supply time, and irradiating the dust in the air to be detected.
3. A calibration method of a dust concentration sensor is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step A, generating dust with a corresponding preset high dust concentration m _ pm25high in a closed environment, collecting reflected light from the dust by a dust concentration sensor after the dust is stabilized for a preset time T1, converting the emitted light into a current signal, converting the current signal into a voltage signal, converting the voltage signal into a digital signal m _ adchigh, and establishing a corresponding relation between the digital signal m _ adchigh and the high dust concentration m _ pm25 high; storing the high dust concentration m _ pm25high and a corresponding digital signal m _ adchigh into a dust concentration sensor;
b, generating dust corresponding to a preset low dust concentration m _ pm25low in a closed environment, wherein m _ pm25high is more than m _ pm25 low; after the dust is stabilized for a preset time T2, the dust concentration sensor collects reflected light from the dust, converts the reflected light into a current signal, converts the current signal into a voltage signal, converts the voltage signal into a digital signal m _ pm25low, and constructs a corresponding relation between the digital signal m _ pm25low and the low dust concentration m _ pm25 low; the low dust concentration m _ pm25low and its corresponding digital signal m _ adlow are stored in the sensor.
4. The method for calibrating a dust concentration sensor according to claim 3,
in the step A, generating dust corresponding to a preset high dust concentration m _ pm25high in a closed environment through a smoke generator;
in step B, dust corresponding to a preset low dust concentration m _ pm25low is generated in a closed environment by a dust generator.
5. The dust concentration sensor calibration method according to claim 3, wherein the following steps are executed based on an upper computer in communication connection with the dust concentration sensor:
in the step A, after a digital signal m _ adchigh corresponding to the high dust concentration m _ pm25high is obtained, the method further comprises the steps that the dust concentration sensor sends the digital signal m _ adchigh to an upper computer, a corresponding relation between the high dust concentration m _ pm25high and the digital signal m _ adchigh is established through the upper computer, and the high dust concentration m _ pm25high and the corresponding digital signal m _ adchigh are sent to the dust concentration sensor;
in the step B, after the digital signal m _ adchigh corresponding to the low dust concentration m _ pm25low is obtained, the method further comprises the steps that the dust concentration sensor sends the digital signal m _ adchigh to an upper computer, the upper computer establishes the corresponding relation between the low dust concentration m _ pm25low and the digital signal m _ adclow, and the low dust concentration m _ pm25low and the digital signal m _ adclow corresponding to the low dust concentration m _ pm25low are sent to the dust concentration sensor.
6. A dust concentration sensor for implementing the method of any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising a light emitting module, a light detecting module, a signal processing circuit, an analog-to-digital converter, a microprocessor, a memory, and a driving circuit; the storage is pre-stored with a group of dust concentrations and digital signals corresponding to the dust concentrations;
the light emitting module is connected with the driving circuit, and the driving circuit is connected with the microprocessor; the driving circuit is used for supplying power to the light-emitting module according to a set time interval and a set continuous power supply time under the control of the microprocessor, so that the light-emitting module irradiates dust in air to be detected;
the optical detection module is connected with the signal processing circuit, the signal processing module is connected with the analog-to-digital converter, the analog-to-digital converter is connected with the microprocessor, and the microprocessor is connected with the memory; the light detection module is used for collecting reflected light of dust and converting the reflected light into a current signal; the signal processing module is used for converting the current signal into a voltage signal and sending the voltage signal to the analog-to-digital converter; the analog-to-digital converter is used for converting the voltage signal into a digital signal and sending the digital signal to the microprocessor; the microprocessor is used for acquiring the dust concentration according to the digital signal sent by the analog-to-digital converter, a group of dust concentrations prestored in the memory and the digital signal corresponding to each dust concentration.
7. The dust concentration sensor of claim 6, further comprising a universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter coupled to the microprocessor; the universal asynchronous receiver and transmitter is used for realizing data transmission between the dust concentration sensor and other modules.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN113405958A (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-09-17 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 | Dust concentration sensor calibration method |
| CN117969361A (en) * | 2024-04-01 | 2024-05-03 | 江苏日盈电子股份有限公司 | Calibration method of multifunctional PM2.5 detection device |
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Application publication date: 20201218 |