CN112098201B - Gate-type mechanics testing mechanism and gate-type mechanics testing machine - Google Patents
Gate-type mechanics testing mechanism and gate-type mechanics testing machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN112098201B CN112098201B CN202010704108.4A CN202010704108A CN112098201B CN 112098201 B CN112098201 B CN 112098201B CN 202010704108 A CN202010704108 A CN 202010704108A CN 112098201 B CN112098201 B CN 112098201B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/04—Chucks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
Abstract
The invention discloses a door type mechanical testing mechanism, which comprises a workbench, a tested sample mechanism, a driving guide mechanism and a beam mechanism, wherein the driving guide mechanism comprises two groups of driving mechanisms symmetrically arranged at two sides of the workbench, four groups of guide mechanisms arranged at four corners of the workbench, and further comprises a displacement sensor and a force sensor, the displacement sensor comprises a main body part and a detection part which moves relative to the main body part to convert mechanical displacement into resistance or voltage output in linear or random functional relation with the mechanical displacement; the main body part and the detection part are separately and independently arranged on the end sides of the static testing mechanism part and the force sensor of the mechanism to be tested; the force sensor is arranged between the tested sample mechanism and the middle cross beam and is stressed to generate up-and-down deformation, and the detection part detects the actual displacement. When the middle cross beam receives larger reverse acting force, the measuring part can carry out vertical micro deformation translation under the action of the corner correction force sensor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of material mechanics testing machine structures, in particular to a door type mechanics testing mechanism and a door type mechanics testing machine.
Background
The gate type mechanical testing machine is mainly suitable for testing metal and nonmetal materials, and can be used for carrying out various tests such as stretching and compression on the materials. However, in the conventional door type mechanical testing machine, when a tensile test or a compression test is performed, a reaction force is applied to the cross beam, so that the cross beam provided with the tension and compression device deforms up and down, and an error exists between an actual deformation change value and a detection value of a tested sample. At present, computer compensation is generally adopted for the error, namely, a compensation value is input into software according to experience or statistics, but in actual operation, the error is influenced by weather, temperature, different sizes of tested samples, material compositions, nonlinear changes under different pulling and pressing test force sizes and the like, the compensation value cannot accurately feed back the error between an actual change value and a detection value, namely, the error still remains larger due to the compensation by the software, so that the final detected value of the machine is inaccurate.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a door type mechanical testing machine, wherein a closed loop is formed by matching a force sensor and a displacement sensor, when a tested sample mechanism enables the force sensor to deform up and down, a detection part detects the actual displacement of a tested object pulling and pressing mechanism, and the influence of reaction force on a measurement result is eliminated by a purely mechanical method.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the door type mechanical testing mechanism comprises a workbench, a tested sample mechanism, a driving guide mechanism and a beam mechanism, wherein the driving guide mechanism comprises two groups of driving mechanisms symmetrically arranged on two sides of the workbench and four groups of guide mechanisms arranged at four corners of the workbench; the displacement sensor comprises a main body part and a detection part which moves relative to the main body part to convert mechanical displacement into resistance or voltage output which is in linear or random functional relation with the mechanical displacement; the main body part and the detection part are separately and independently arranged on the end sides of the static testing mechanism part and the force sensor of the mechanism to be tested; the force sensor is arranged between the tested sample mechanism and the middle cross beam and is stressed to generate up-and-down deformation, and the detection part detects the actual displacement.
Preferably, the displacement sensor is any one of a resistive displacement sensor, a capacitive displacement sensor, an inductive displacement sensor, a photoelectric displacement sensor, a grating displacement sensor, a magnetic grating displacement sensor, an inductive synchronizer, and a laser displacement sensor.
Preferably, the force sensor is a cantilever beam force sensor or a cylindrical force sensor, and is subjected to correction processing of four corner correction errors.
Preferably, the stationary test mechanism component comprises a table, an upper beam.
Preferably, the displacement sensor adopts a magnetic grid type displacement sensor, the main body part and the detection part are respectively a magnetic grid main scale and a scanning head, the force sensor is a cantilever force transducer, and the magnetic grid main scale and the scanning head are respectively fixed on the cantilever force transducer and the workbench.
Preferably, the magnetic grid type displacement sensor further comprises a connecting rod, the connecting rod is horizontally fixed at the front end of the cantilever beam force transducer, the front end of the cantilever beam force transducer can be deformed up and down, the detection component is fixedly connected with the connecting rod, the beam mechanism further comprises an upper beam arranged at the top of the guiding mechanism, and the main body component is fixed on the surface of the upper beam and extends downwards from the upper beam to the workbench.
Preferably, the measured object pulling and pressing mechanism comprises a pressure clamping assembly, and the pressure clamping assembly comprises an upper pressing plate and a lower pressing plate, wherein the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate are arranged on the lower surface of the force sensor in a mutually corresponding mode.
Preferably, the beam mechanism comprises an upper beam, and the tested sample mechanism further comprises a tensile force testing assembly, wherein the tensile force testing assembly is correspondingly arranged between the upper beam and the force sensor and comprises an upper hook arranged on the upper beam and a lower hook arranged on the upper surface of the force sensor.
Preferably, the device further comprises a protection device, wherein the protection device comprises a limit switch for limiting the moving distance of the middle cross beam, the limit switch is vertically connected with the upper cross beam through a connecting piece, and the limit switch is electrically connected with the test mechanism controller; the connecting piece is vertically arranged towards the middle cross beam; the protection device also comprises an overload protection device, wherein the overload protection device is a jackscrew which is arranged on the middle cross beam and limits the up-and-down deformation displacement of the force sensor.
The door type mechanical testing machine comprises a control circuit, wherein the door type mechanical testing mechanism is installed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the detection principle of the invention is as follows: the force sensor and the displacement sensor are matched to form a closed loop, namely, the force sensor is arranged between the tested sample mechanism and the middle cross beam, when the detection mechanism operates, the pressure plate on the tested sample mechanism is stressed to deform up and down, the deformation of the original cross beam is converted into the deformation of the force sensor itself, the detection part of the displacement sensor and the pressure plate on the tested sample mechanism are arranged at the same deformation displacement end of the force sensor, so that the actual displacement of the tested object pulling and pressing mechanism is detected, and the influence of reaction force on a measurement result is eliminated by a purely mechanical method.
2. In order to achieve consistent deformation of the elastic body, the cantilever beam sensor is balanced in stress at four corners, and the four corners need to be ground, so that the deformation of the sensor is consistent no matter where the object is placed. According to the four corners of the internal code mill, the small angle of the internal code mill is adopted, because the elastomer has small linearity and is thinned, and the deformation is large.
3. The mechanical testing machine comprises a tensile testing component and a pressure clamping component, and can be used for tensile testing and compression testing.
4. Overload protection devices are used to overload protect the force sensor.
5. Limit switches are used to prevent the equipment from being damaged due to too large movement.
6. The displacement sensor can be arranged on the workbench, the connecting piece and the upper cross beam, and can realize measurement of a plurality of directions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a door style mechanical testing machine;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a gate mechanical testing machine;
FIG. 3 is a left side view of the door style mechanical testing machine.
In the figure, a workbench 1, a sample mechanism 2 to be tested, a tensile force testing assembly 21, an upper hook 211, a lower hook 212, a pressure clamping assembly 22, an upper pressure plate 221, a lower pressure plate 222, a displacement sensor 3, a force sensor 4, a driving guide mechanism 5, a driving mechanism 51, a guide mechanism 52, a beam mechanism 6, an upper beam 601, a middle beam 602, a limit switch 7, a connecting piece 701 and an overload protection device 8 are arranged.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate understanding of the technical scheme of the present invention, the following detailed description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in figures 1-3, the door type mechanical testing mechanism comprises a workbench 1, a tested sample mechanism 2, a displacement sensor 3, a force sensor 4, a driving guide mechanism 5, a beam mechanism 6, a limit switch 7 and an overload protection device 8. The detection principle of the invention is as follows: the force sensor and the displacement sensor are matched to form a closed loop, namely, the force sensor is arranged between the tested sample mechanism and the middle cross beam, when the detection mechanism operates, the pressure plate on the tested sample mechanism is stressed to deform up and down, the deformation of the original cross beam is converted into the deformation of the force sensor itself, the detection part of the displacement sensor and the pressure plate on the tested sample mechanism are arranged at the same deformation displacement end of the force sensor, so that the actual displacement of the tested object pulling and pressing mechanism is detected, and the influence of reaction force on a measurement result is eliminated by a purely mechanical method.
The mechanical testing mechanism 2 comprises a tensile testing assembly 21 and a pressure clamping assembly 22. The beam mechanism 6 includes an upper beam 601 and a middle beam 602. The tensile force testing assembly 21 is arranged between the upper cross beam 601 and the force sensor 4, and the pressure clamping assembly 22 is arranged between the corner correction force sensor 4 and the workbench 1. The tensile force testing assembly 21 comprises an upper hook 211 arranged at the front end of the upper cross beam 601 and a lower hook 212 arranged on the upper surface of the force sensor 4. The pressure clamping assembly 22 comprises an upper pressure plate 221 arranged on the lower surface of the force sensor 4 and a lower pressure plate 222 arranged on the upper surface of the workbench 1. Therefore, the mechanical testing machine can perform mechanical tests of stretching and compression.
The driving guide mechanism 5 is provided on the table 1, and the driving guide mechanism 5 includes two sets of driving mechanisms 51 symmetrically provided on both sides of the table 1, and four sets of guide mechanisms 52 provided at four corners of the table 1. The driving mechanism 51 is a ball screw assembly, the ball screw assembly is driven by a servo motor, and the ball screw assembly penetrates through the middle beam 602 and moves in the vertical direction along with the middle beam 602. The guide mechanism 52 is a guide post and guide sleeve assembly, the guide sleeves are fixed at four corners of the middle beam 602, and the guide posts penetrate through the guide sleeves to guide the movement of the middle beam 602.
The displacement sensor 3 comprises a main body part, a detection part and a connecting rod, wherein the detection part and the connecting rod are used for converting mechanical displacement into resistance or voltage output in a linear or random functional relation with the mechanical displacement through relative movement of the main body part, the front end of the connecting rod is connected with the front end of the force sensor 4, the rear end of the connecting rod is connected with the detection part and can move up and down along with the movement of the middle beam 602, the main body part is a fixed end and is fixed on the upper beam 601, the upper beam 5 downwards extends to the upper part of the workbench 1, and the detection part is electrically connected with a tester controller. When the detection component performs a mechanical test, relative displacement between the detection component and the main body component in the vertical direction can occur, and the detection component can detect the displacement.
Or the body member is fixed to the table 1 and extends upwardly from the table 1 to below the upper cross member 5.
The displacement sensor 3 is any one of a resistance type displacement sensor, a capacitance type displacement sensor, an inductance type displacement sensor, a photoelectric type displacement sensor, a grating type displacement sensor, a magnetic grating type displacement sensor, an induction synchronizer and a laser displacement sensor. In this embodiment, a magnetic grid type displacement sensor is used. The main body part and the detection part are respectively a magnetic grid main ruler and a scanning head.
The force sensor 4 is a cantilever beam force sensor or a cylindrical force sensor and is subjected to correction processing of four corner correction errors. In the embodiment, the force sensor 4 is a cantilever force sensor, and the magnetic grating main scale and the scanning head are respectively fixed on the cantilever force sensor and the workbench 1. In order to achieve consistent deformation of the elastic body, the cantilever beam sensor is balanced in stress at four corners, and the four corners need to be ground, so that the deformation of the sensor is consistent no matter where the object is placed. According to the four corners of the internal code mill, the small angle of the internal code mill is adopted, because the elastomer has small linearity and is thinned, and the deformation is large. When the force sensor 4 is installed, a through groove is formed in the middle of the middle beam 602, one end of the force sensor 4 is installed on the upper surface of the middle beam 602 through bolts and a connecting plate, the force sensor 4 is spatially located in a vertical space where the through groove is located, and the lower end of the force sensor 4 is connected with the upper pressure plate 221.
When the displacement sensor 3 is installed, a dial gauge is required to check the parallelism between the motion plane of the main body part and the direction in which the detection part is located. The dial gauge is connected to the motion plane of the main body part, and the movable middle beam 602 is required to reach the parallelism within 0.1mm/1000 mm.
The detection component is fixed on the connecting rod and used for measuring the relative displacement amount with the vertical direction of the main body component, the connecting rod is horizontally fixed at the front end of the cantilever beam force transducer, which can deform up and down, the force transducer 4 is arranged on the middle cross beam 602, and the connecting rod can carry out vertical micro translation under the action of the force transducer 4 and carry the detection component to carry out vertical movement. The existing door type mechanical testing machine has a reaction force on the cross beam when a tensile test or a compression test is carried out, so that the cross beam can deform reversely. Computer compensation is generally used for this error, i.e. the compensation value is entered in the software, but in practice the error cannot be described in terms of a fixed value due to weather and temperature effects. Therefore, the compensation by using software still has larger error, and when the invention is used for carrying out a tensile or compression test, the test material can have a reaction force on the force sensor 4, but due to the characteristics of the cantilever beam force sensor, the connecting rod connected to the front end of the cantilever beam force sensor only can generate translation in the vertical direction due to the reaction force. For example, in the compression test, the test material between the upper platen 221 and the lower platen 222 gives a reaction force to the upper platen 221, and since the upper platen 221 is connected to the cantilever load cell, the cantilever load cell will take an upward reaction force with the middle cross member 601, so as to generate an upward minute deformation, but since the characteristics of the cantilever load cell, the connecting rod connected to the front end of the cantilever load cell will generate a vertical upward minute translational deformation only due to the reaction force, the detecting member detects the relative displacement amount with the main body member, i.e., the actual displacement amount of the upper platen 221, and the actual displacement amount will not change due to the influence of weather and air temperature, because each time the actual displacement amount is detected.
The limit switch 7 is connected with the upper cross beam 601 through a connecting piece 701, and the limit switch 7 is electrically connected with the tester controller. The limit switch 7 is spatially above the middle cross beam 601, when the middle cross beam 601 moves in the vertical direction, in order to prevent the upper hook 211 and the lower hook 212 from colliding, when the middle cross beam 601 moves to the highest point, the limit switch 7 is just contacted, then the middle cross beam 601 stops moving, and a user waits for sending a downward movement instruction to move downwards.
The overload protection device 8 is arranged on the middle beam 602 and is used for limiting the deformation displacement of the force sensor 4 up and down. When the vertical deformation displacement of the force sensor 4 exceeds a preset value, the force sensor 4 is easy to damage, so that a jackscrew is arranged, and when the vertical deformation displacement of the force sensor 4 exceeds the preset value, the force sensor 4 contacts the jackscrew and abuts against the lower end of the jackscrew, so that the force sensor 4 cannot continue to deform upwards.
The gate type mechanical testing machine comprises a control circuit, and the gate type mechanical testing mechanism is arranged.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the invention is defined by the claims, and those skilled in the art should also consider the scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a door type mechanics testing mechanism, including workstation (1), by test prototype (2), drive guiding mechanism (5), crossbeam mechanism (6), drive guiding mechanism (5) are including two sets of actuating mechanism (51) of symmetry setting in workstation (1) both sides, set up four sets of guiding mechanism (52) in workstation (1) four corners, crossbeam mechanism (6) are including middle crossbeam (602), middle crossbeam (602) are driven to slide from top to bottom along with actuating mechanism (51), by test prototype (2) include tensile test subassembly (21) and pressure clamping subassembly (22), pressure clamping subassembly (22) set up relatively between middle crossbeam (602), workstation (1), a serial communication port, still include displacement sensor (3) and force sensor (4), one end of force sensor (4) is connected to middle crossbeam (602), pressure clamping subassembly (22) are connected to the other end of force sensor (4); the displacement sensor (3) comprises a body part and a detection part which moves relative to the body part to convert mechanical displacement into resistance or voltage output which is in linear or random functional relation with the mechanical displacement; the main body part and the detection part are respectively and independently arranged on the static testing mechanism part and the force sensor (4) at the end of the pressure clamping assembly (22); the force sensor (4) is arranged between the pressure clamping assembly (22) and the middle cross beam (602) to generate up-and-down deformation under the force, and the detection part detects the actual displacement of the tested sample mechanism (2); the displacement sensor (3) adopts a magnetic grid type displacement sensor, the main body part is a magnetic grid main ruler, the detection part comprises a scanning head and a connecting rod, the scanning head is fixedly connected with the connecting rod, and the force sensor (4) is a cantilever beam force sensor; the connecting rod is horizontally fixed at the front end of the cantilever beam force transducer which can deform up and down; the middle beam (602) is provided with a through groove, one end of the force sensor (4) is arranged on the upper surface of the middle beam (602) through a bolt and a connecting plate, and the force sensor (4) is spatially positioned in a vertical space where the through groove is positioned.
2. A portal mechanics testing mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stationary testing mechanism component is a table or upper beam.
3. A door mechanics testing mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein the beam mechanism (6) further comprises an upper beam (602) arranged on top of the guiding mechanism (52), and the main body part is fixed to the surface of the upper beam (601) and extends downwards from the upper beam (5) to the table (1).
4. The door type mechanical testing mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the pressure clamping assembly (22) comprises an upper pressure plate (221) and a lower pressure plate (222) which are arranged on the lower surface of the force sensor (4) in a mutually corresponding manner.
5. The door type mechanical testing mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the beam mechanism (6) comprises an upper beam, and the tensile testing assembly (21) is correspondingly arranged between the upper beam (601) and the force sensor (4) and comprises an upper hook (211) arranged on the upper beam (601) and a lower hook (212) arranged on the upper surface of the force sensor (4).
6. The door type mechanical testing mechanism according to claim 5, further comprising a protection device, wherein the protection device comprises a limit switch (7) for limiting the moving distance of the middle cross beam, the limit switch (7) is vertically connected with the upper cross beam (601) through a connecting piece (701), and the limit switch (7) is electrically connected with the testing mechanism controller; the connecting piece (701) is vertically arranged towards the middle cross beam (602); the protection device also comprises an overload protection device (8), wherein the overload protection device (8) is a jackscrew which is arranged on the middle cross beam (602) and limits the up-and-down deformation displacement of the force sensor (4).
7. A gate mechanical testing machine comprising a control circuit, characterized in that a gate mechanical testing mechanism according to any one of the preceding claims 1-6 is used.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010704108.4A CN112098201B (en) | 2020-07-21 | 2020-07-21 | Gate-type mechanics testing mechanism and gate-type mechanics testing machine |
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| CN202010704108.4A CN112098201B (en) | 2020-07-21 | 2020-07-21 | Gate-type mechanics testing mechanism and gate-type mechanics testing machine |
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| CN112098201A CN112098201A (en) | 2020-12-18 |
| CN112098201B true CN112098201B (en) | 2023-05-02 |
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