CN112098201A - Door type mechanical testing mechanism and door type mechanical testing machine - Google Patents
Door type mechanical testing mechanism and door type mechanical testing machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN112098201A CN112098201A CN202010704108.4A CN202010704108A CN112098201A CN 112098201 A CN112098201 A CN 112098201A CN 202010704108 A CN202010704108 A CN 202010704108A CN 112098201 A CN112098201 A CN 112098201A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/04—Chucks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
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Abstract
The invention discloses a gate-type mechanical testing mechanism, which comprises a workbench, a tested sample mechanism, driving guide mechanisms and a beam mechanism, wherein the driving guide mechanisms comprise two groups of driving mechanisms symmetrically arranged at two sides of the workbench and four groups of guide mechanisms arranged at four corners of the workbench, and further comprise a displacement sensor and a force sensor, the displacement sensor comprises a main body part and a detection part which moves relative to the main body part and converts mechanical displacement into resistance or voltage output in linear or arbitrary functional relation with the main body part; the main component and the detection component are separately and independently arranged on the static test mechanism component and the end side of the force sensor of the tested sample mechanism; the force sensor is arranged between the tested sample mechanism and the middle cross beam and is stressed to generate vertical deformation, and the detection part detects the actual displacement. When the middle cross beam is subjected to a large reverse acting force, the measuring part can perform vertical small deformation translation under the action of the corner force trimming sensor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of structures of material mechanics testing machines, in particular to a door type mechanics testing mechanism and a door type mechanics testing machine.
Background
The portal mechanical testing machine is mainly suitable for testing metal and non-metal materials, and can be used for various tests such as stretching, compression and the like on the materials. However, when the existing door type mechanical testing machine is used for a tensile or compression test, a reaction force is generated on the cross beam, so that the cross beam provided with the tension and compression device deforms up and down, and an error exists between an actual deformation change value and a detection value of a tested sample. At present, the error is generally compensated by a computer, that is, a compensation value is input in software according to experience or statistics, but in actual operation, the error is influenced by weather, temperature, different sizes and material compositions of tested samples, nonlinear changes under different tension and compression testing forces, and the like, the compensation value cannot accurately feed back the error between an actual change value and a detected value, and even if the compensation is carried out by software, the error is still large, so that the final detected value of a machine is inaccurate.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a portal mechanical testing machine, which forms a closed loop by matching a force sensor and a displacement sensor, when a tested sample mechanism enables the force sensor to deform up and down under stress, a detection part detects the actual displacement of a tested object pulling and pressing mechanism, and the influence of reaction force on a measurement result is eliminated by a purely mechanical method.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a portal mechanical testing mechanism comprises a workbench, a tested sample mechanism, driving guide mechanisms and a beam mechanism, wherein the driving guide mechanisms comprise two groups of driving mechanisms symmetrically arranged on two sides of the workbench and four groups of guide mechanisms arranged at four corners of the workbench; the displacement sensor comprises a main body part and a detection part which moves relative to the main body part and converts mechanical displacement into resistance or voltage output in linear or arbitrary functional relation with the mechanical displacement; the main component and the detection component are separately and independently arranged on the static test mechanism component and the end side of the force sensor of the tested sample mechanism; the force sensor is arranged between the tested sample mechanism and the middle cross beam and is stressed to generate vertical deformation, and the detection part detects the actual displacement.
Preferably, the displacement sensor is any one of a resistance-type displacement sensor, a capacitance-type displacement sensor, an inductance-type displacement sensor, a photoelectric displacement sensor, a grating-type displacement sensor, a magnetic grating-type displacement sensor, an induction synchronizer and a laser displacement sensor.
Preferably, the force sensor is a cantilever beam load cell or a cylindrical load cell, and is subjected to corner correction error correction processing.
Preferably, the stationary test mechanism components include a table, an upper beam.
Preferably, the displacement sensor is a magnetic grid type displacement sensor, the main body component and the detection component are respectively a magnetic grid main scale and a scanning head, the force sensor is a cantilever beam force measuring sensor, and the magnetic grid main scale and the scanning head are respectively fixed on the cantilever beam force measuring sensor and the workbench.
Preferably, the magnetic grid type displacement sensor further comprises a connecting rod, the connecting rod is horizontally fixed at the front end of the cantilever beam force sensor, the front end can deform up and down, the detection part is fixedly connected with the connecting rod, the beam mechanism further comprises an upper beam arranged at the top of the guide mechanism, and the main body part is fixed on the surface of the upper beam and extends downwards to the workbench from the upper beam.
Preferably, the measured object pulling and pressing mechanism comprises a pressure clamping assembly, and the pressure clamping assembly comprises an upper pressure plate and a lower pressure plate, wherein the upper pressure plate and the lower pressure plate are correspondingly arranged on the lower surface of the force sensor, and the lower pressure plate is arranged on the workbench.
Preferably, the beam mechanism comprises an upper beam, the tested sample mechanism further comprises a tension testing assembly, and the tension testing assembly is correspondingly arranged between the upper beam and the force sensor and comprises an upper hook arranged on the upper beam and a lower hook arranged on the upper surface of the force sensor.
Preferably, the device also comprises a protection device, wherein the protection device comprises a limit switch for limiting the moving distance of the middle cross beam, the limit switch is vertically connected with the upper cross beam through a connecting piece, and the limit switch is electrically connected with the testing mechanism controller; the connecting piece is vertically arranged towards the middle cross beam; the protection device also comprises an overload protection device, and the overload protection device is a jackscrew which is arranged on the middle cross beam and used for limiting the vertical deformation displacement of the force sensor.
A gate type mechanical testing machine comprises a control circuit, and the gate type mechanical testing mechanism is installed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the detection principle of the invention is as follows: the closed loop is formed by the cooperation of the force sensor and the displacement sensor, namely, the force sensor is arranged between a tested sample mechanism and a middle cross beam, when the detection mechanism operates, the upper pressure plate of the tested sample mechanism is stressed to generate vertical deformation, the deformation of the original cross beam is converted into the deformation of the force sensor, the detection part of the displacement sensor and the upper pressure plate of the tested sample mechanism are arranged at the same deformation displacement end of the force sensor, so that the actual displacement of the tested object pulling and pressing mechanism is detected, and the influence of reaction force on the measurement result is eliminated by a purely mechanical method.
2. Cantilever beam sensor, in order to reach the deformation unanimity of elastomer, it is four corners atress balanced, need grind four corners, makes no matter where article put, and the deformation of sensor is unanimous. When four corners are ground according to the inner code, the corners with small inner code are ground, and the deformation is large because the elastic body is small in linearity and is slightly thinned.
3. The mechanical testing machine comprises a tension testing assembly and a pressure clamping assembly, and can perform tension and compression tests.
4. An overload protection device is used for carrying out overload protection on the force sensor.
5. And a limit switch is used to prevent the equipment from being damaged due to too large movement.
6. The displacement sensor can be arranged on the workbench, the connecting piece and the upper cross beam, and can realize measurement in multiple directions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a door-type mechanical testing machine;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a portal mechanical testing machine;
fig. 3 is a left side view of the door type mechanical testing machine.
In the figure, a workbench 1, a tested sample mechanism 2, a tension testing assembly 21, an upper hook 211, a lower hook 212, a pressure clamping assembly 22, an upper pressure plate 221, a lower pressure plate 222, a displacement sensor 3, a main body component 301, a detection component 302, a connecting rod 303, a force sensor 4, a driving guide mechanism 5, a driving mechanism 51, a guide mechanism 52, a beam mechanism 6, an upper beam 601, a middle beam 602, a limit switch 7, a connecting piece 701 and an overload protection device 8.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention, the following detailed description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1-3, a gate-type mechanical testing mechanism comprises a workbench 1, a tested sample mechanism 2, a displacement sensor 3, a force sensor 4, a driving guide mechanism 5, a beam mechanism 6, a limit switch 7 and an overload protection device 8. The detection principle of the invention is as follows: the closed loop is formed by the cooperation of the force sensor and the displacement sensor, namely, the force sensor is arranged between a tested sample mechanism and a middle cross beam, when the detection mechanism operates, the upper pressure plate of the tested sample mechanism is stressed to generate vertical deformation, the deformation of the original cross beam is converted into the deformation of the force sensor, the detection part of the displacement sensor and the upper pressure plate of the tested sample mechanism are arranged at the same deformation displacement end of the force sensor, so that the actual displacement of the tested object pulling and pressing mechanism is detected, and the influence of reaction force on the measurement result is eliminated by a purely mechanical method.
The mechanical testing mechanism 2 comprises a tension testing component 21 and a pressure clamping component 22. The beam mechanism 6 includes an upper beam 601 and a middle beam 602. The tensile force testing assembly 21 is arranged between the upper cross beam 601 and the force sensor 4, and the pressure clamping assembly 22 is arranged between the four corner force sensor 4 and the workbench 1. The tensile testing assembly 21 comprises an upper hook 211 arranged at the front end of the upper cross beam 601 and a lower hook 212 arranged on the upper surface of the force sensor 4. The pressure clamping assembly 22 includes an upper pressure plate 221 disposed on the lower surface of the force sensor 4 and a lower pressure plate 222 disposed on the upper surface of the table 1. Therefore, the mechanical testing machine can perform tensile and compressive mechanical tests.
The driving guide mechanism 5 is arranged on the workbench 1, and the driving guide mechanism 5 comprises two groups of driving mechanisms 51 symmetrically arranged at two sides of the workbench 1 and four groups of guide mechanisms 52 arranged at four corners of the workbench 1. The driving mechanism 51 is a ball screw assembly, the ball screw assembly is driven by a servo motor, and the ball screw assembly penetrates through the middle cross beam 602 and drives the middle cross beam 602 to move in the vertical direction. The guiding mechanism 52 is a guide post and guide sleeve assembly, the guide sleeves are fixed at four corners of the middle cross beam 602, and the guide posts penetrate through the guide sleeves to guide the movement of the middle cross beam 602.
The displacement sensor 3 comprises a main body part 301, a detection part 302 and a connecting rod 303, wherein the detection part 302 and the connecting rod 303 move relative to the main body part 301 to convert mechanical displacement into resistance or voltage output in a linear or any function relation with the main body part, the front end of the connecting rod 303 is connected with the front end of the force sensor 4, the rear end of the connecting rod 303 is connected with the detection part 302 and can move up and down along with the movement of the middle cross beam 602, the main body part 301 is a fixed end and is fixed on the upper cross beam 601 and extends downwards from the upper cross beam 5 to the upper part of the workbench 1, and the detection part 302 is electrically. The detector 302 is displaced relative to the body member 301 in the vertical direction during the mechanical test, and the detector 302 can detect the displacement.
Or the main body component is fixed on the workbench 1 and extends upwards from the workbench 1 to the lower part of the upper cross beam 5.
The displacement sensor 3 is any one of a resistance type displacement sensor, a capacitance type displacement sensor, an inductance type displacement sensor, a photoelectric type displacement sensor, a grating type displacement sensor, a magnetic grating type displacement sensor, an induction synchronizer and a laser displacement sensor. In this embodiment, a magnetic grid displacement sensor is used. The main body 301 and the detection unit 302 are a magnetic grating main scale and a scanning head, respectively.
The force sensor 4 is a cantilever beam force sensor or a cylindrical force sensor, and is subjected to corner correction. In this embodiment, the force sensor 4 is a cantilever beam force sensor, and the magnetic grid main scale and the scanning head are respectively fixed on the cantilever beam force sensor and the workbench 1. Cantilever beam sensor, in order to reach the deformation unanimity of elastomer, it is four corners atress balanced, need grind four corners, makes no matter where article put, and the deformation of sensor is unanimous. When four corners are ground according to the inner code, the corners with small inner code are ground, and the deformation is large because the elastic body is small in linearity and is slightly thinned. When the force sensor 4 is installed, a through groove needs to be formed in the middle of the middle cross beam 602, one end of the force sensor 4 is installed on the upper surface of the middle cross beam 602 through a bolt and a connecting plate, the force sensor 4 is spatially located in a vertical space where the through groove is located, and the lower end of the force sensor 4 is connected with the upper pressure plate 221.
When the displacement sensor 3 is installed, a dial indicator is required to check the parallelism between the moving plane of the main body part 301 and the direction of the detection part 302. The dial indicator is connected on the motion plane of the main body part 301, and the middle cross beam 602 is moved to meet the requirement that the parallelism is within 0.1mm/1000 mm.
The detection component 302 is fixed on the connecting rod 303 and used for measuring the relative displacement with the vertical direction of the main component 301, the connecting rod 303 is horizontally fixed at the front end of the cantilever beam force sensor which can deform up and down, the force sensor 4 is arranged on the middle cross beam 602, and the connecting rod 303 can perform vertical direction micro translation under the action of the force sensor 4 and drive the detection component 302 to perform vertical direction movement. Present gate-type mechanics testing machine when carrying out tensile or compression test can have a reaction force to the crossbeam, leads to the crossbeam to carry out reverse deformation. Computer compensation is generally used for the error, i.e. a compensation value is input in software, but in practice, the error cannot be described by a fixed value due to weather and temperature influences. Therefore, the compensation by using software still has larger errors, when the tensile test or the compression test is carried out, the test material has a reaction force to the force sensor 4, but due to the characteristics of the cantilever beam force sensor, the connecting rod 303 connected to the front end of the cantilever beam force sensor only generates vertical translation due to the reaction force. For example, in a compression test, the test material between the upper platen 221 and the lower platen 222 will provide a reaction force to the upper platen 221, and since the upper platen 221 is connected to the cantilever load cell, the cantilever load cell will carry an upward reaction force with the middle cross beam 601, thereby generating an upward slight deformation, but due to the characteristics of the cantilever load cell, the connecting rod 303 connected to the front end of the cantilever load cell will only generate a vertical upward slight translational deformation due to the reaction force, so the detecting component 302 will measure the relative displacement with the main component 301, i.e. the actual displacement of the upper platen 221, and the actual displacement will not change due to the influence of weather and air temperature, because each measurement is an actual displacement.
The limit switch 7 is connected with the upper cross beam 601 through a connecting piece 701, and the limit switch 7 is electrically connected with the tester controller. The limit switch 7 is spatially located above the middle cross beam 601, when the middle cross beam 601 moves in the vertical direction, in order to prevent the upper hook 211 and the lower hook 212 from colliding, when the middle cross beam 601 moves to the highest point, the middle cross beam 601 just contacts the limit switch 7, then the middle cross beam 601 stops moving, and the user can move downwards only after sending a command of moving downwards.
Still include overload protection device 8, carry out overload protection to force sensor 4, overload protection device 8 is for installing on well crossbeam 602, carries out spacing jackscrew to force sensor 4 upper and lower deformation displacement. When the vertical deformation displacement of the force sensor 4 exceeds a preset value, the force sensor is easily damaged, so that a jackscrew is arranged, and when the vertical deformation displacement of the force sensor 4 exceeds the preset value, the jackscrew is contacted and abuts against the lower end of the jackscrew, so that the force sensor 4 cannot be continuously deformed upwards.
The door type mechanical testing machine comprises a control circuit, and the door type mechanical testing mechanism is installed.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims, and several modifications and amendments made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be construed as the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A portal mechanical testing mechanism comprises a workbench (1), a tested sample mechanism (2), driving guide mechanisms (5) and a beam mechanism (6), wherein the driving guide mechanisms (5) comprise two groups of driving mechanisms (51) symmetrically arranged on two sides of the workbench (1) and four groups of guide mechanisms (52) arranged at four corners of the workbench (1), the beam mechanism (6) comprises a middle beam (602), the middle beam (602) is driven by the driving mechanisms (51) to slide up and down, and the tested sample mechanism (2) is relatively arranged between the middle beam (602) and the workbench (1), and is characterized by further comprising a displacement sensor (3) and a force sensor (4), the middle beam (602) is connected with one end of the force sensor (4), and the other end of the force sensor (4) is connected with the tested sample mechanism (2); the displacement sensor (3) comprises a main body part (301) and a detection part (302) which moves relative to the main body part and converts mechanical displacement into resistance or voltage output in linear or arbitrary functional relation with the mechanical displacement; the main body component (301) and the detection component (302) are separately and independently arranged on the static testing mechanism component and the end side of the force sensor (4) of the tested sample setting mechanism (2); the force sensor (4) is arranged between the tested sample mechanism (2) and the middle cross beam (602) and is stressed to generate vertical deformation, and the detection component (302) detects the actual displacement.
2. The door type mechanical testing mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein the displacement sensor (3) is any one of a resistive displacement sensor, a capacitive displacement sensor, an inductive displacement sensor, a photoelectric displacement sensor, a grating displacement sensor, a magnetic grating displacement sensor, an inductive synchronizer and a laser displacement sensor.
3. Door type mechanical testing mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that the force sensor (4) is a cantilever beam load cell or a cylinder load cell and is subjected to corner error correction processing.
4. A door-type mechanical testing mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the static testing mechanism components comprise a workbench and an upper beam.
5. A door type mechanical testing mechanism according to claim 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that the displacement sensor (3) is a magnetic grid type displacement sensor, the main body component (301) and the detection component (302) are respectively a magnetic grid main scale and a scanning head, the force sensor (4) is a cantilever beam force measuring sensor, and the magnetic grid main scale and the scanning head are respectively fixed on the cantilever beam force measuring sensor and the workbench (1).
6. The door type mechanical testing mechanism of claim 5, wherein the magnetic grid type displacement sensor further comprises a connecting rod (303), the connecting rod (303) is horizontally fixed at the front end of the cantilever beam load cell which can be deformed up and down, the detecting component (302) is fixedly connected with the connecting rod (303), the beam mechanism (6) further comprises an upper beam (602) arranged at the top of the guiding mechanism (52), and the main component (301) is fixed on the surface of the upper beam (601) and extends downwards from the upper beam (5) to the workbench (1).
7. The door type mechanical testing mechanism is characterized in that the tested object pulling and pressing mechanism (2) comprises a pressure clamping assembly (22), and the pressure clamping assembly (22) comprises an upper pressing plate (221) and a lower pressing plate (222), wherein the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate are correspondingly arranged on the lower surface of the force sensor (4) respectively, and the lower pressing plate are arranged on the workbench (1).
8. The door type mechanical testing mechanism is characterized in that the beam mechanism (6) comprises an upper beam, the tested sample mechanism (2) further comprises a tension testing component (21), and the tension testing component (21) is correspondingly arranged between the upper beam (601) and the force sensor (4) and comprises an upper hook (211) arranged on the upper beam (601) and a lower hook (212) arranged on the upper surface of the force sensor (4).
9. The door type mechanical testing mechanism is characterized by further comprising a protection device, wherein the protection device comprises a limit switch (7) for limiting the moving distance of the middle cross beam, the limit switch (7) is vertically connected to the upper cross beam (601) through a connecting piece (701), and the limit switch (7) is electrically connected with the testing mechanism controller; the connecting piece (701) is vertically arranged towards the middle cross beam (602); the protection device further comprises an overload protection device (8), and the overload protection device (8) is a jackscrew which is arranged on the middle cross beam (602) and used for limiting the vertical deformation displacement of the force sensor (4).
10. A door-type mechanical testing machine comprising a control circuit, characterized in that the door-type mechanical testing mechanism of any one of the preceding claims 1 to 9 is used.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010704108.4A CN112098201B (en) | 2020-07-21 | 2020-07-21 | Gate-type mechanics testing mechanism and gate-type mechanics testing machine |
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| CN202010704108.4A CN112098201B (en) | 2020-07-21 | 2020-07-21 | Gate-type mechanics testing mechanism and gate-type mechanics testing machine |
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| CN112098201B CN112098201B (en) | 2023-05-02 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN112098201B (en) | 2023-05-02 |
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