CN112093024A - Variable fresh air volume ship air conditioning system and working method thereof - Google Patents
Variable fresh air volume ship air conditioning system and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112093024A CN112093024A CN202010979283.4A CN202010979283A CN112093024A CN 112093024 A CN112093024 A CN 112093024A CN 202010979283 A CN202010979283 A CN 202010979283A CN 112093024 A CN112093024 A CN 112093024A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
- B63J2/00—Arrangements of ventilation, heating, cooling, or air-conditioning
- B63J2/02—Ventilation; Air-conditioning
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
- B63J2/00—Arrangements of ventilation, heating, cooling, or air-conditioning
- B63J2/02—Ventilation; Air-conditioning
- B63J2/04—Ventilation; Air-conditioning of living spaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
- B63J2/00—Arrangements of ventilation, heating, cooling, or air-conditioning
- B63J2/12—Heating; Cooling
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fresh air volume-variable ship air conditioning system which comprises a heat pump unit, a gas-liquid heat exchanger, a sensible heat exchanger, a tail end device, a controller, a pipeline switching valve group and a pressure sensor. By detecting CO in each cabin2And (5) controlling the opening degree of a first electric air valve of the corresponding cabin so as to adjust the fresh air volume and realize the operation of changing the fresh air volume. The invention effectively solves the problems of rated fresh air distribution of the conventional ship air conditioning system, poor air quality of the cabin in which people gather and energy waste of the cabin in which people are rare when people change, can realize the distribution of the fresh air according to requirements, effectively improves the air environment of the cabin and improves the energy utilization rate of the air conditioning system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of marine air conditioners, and particularly relates to a fresh air volume changing ship air conditioning system and a working method thereof.
Background
The ship air conditioning and ventilating system is mainly used for meeting the requirements of comfort and cleanness of the ship cabin environment and mainly comprises the adjustment of parameters such as the temperature, the humidity, the air quality and the like of the cabin environment. When the ship air-conditioning system is designed, the fresh air ratio is generally 50%, sometimes even higher, so the energy consumption for processing the fresh air accounts for more than half of the energy consumption of the whole ship air-conditioning system. The existing ship air conditioning system still adopts a fresh air volume fixing principle during design, not only the total fresh air volume is a fixed value, but also the fresh air volume of each cabin is fixedly distributed according to the design value during operation, and the change of cabin personnel on the fresh air volume requirement is not considered, so that the phenomenon that the fresh air volume of the cabin with dense personnel is seriously insufficient in the actual use process is caused. Based on this, need carry out further optimization and improvement to current boats and ships air conditioning system, according to the reasonable fresh air volume of distributing of needs, effectively improve cabin air environment.
In the prior art, a chinese patent with publication number CN205939633U proposes an Opti-AC independent fresh air multifunctional selectable air conditioning system, which comprises a fresh air conditioner, a plurality of Opti-AC indoor air conditioners, a plurality of groups of variable air volume air distributors and a plurality of return air ducts, and the air supply is adjusted mainly by limiting return air. The patent does not have a regulation measure for the fresh air volume, and is not suitable for the situation that cabin personnel have large changes.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems and the defects in the prior art and provide a fresh air volume changing ship air conditioning system for controlling the return air volume and adjusting the fresh air volume.
The variable fresh air volume ship air conditioning system can monitor CO of each cabin in real time2And (5) controlling the opening degree of a fresh air valve of the cabin so as to adjust the fresh air volume according to the concentration value, thereby achieving the purpose of distributing the fresh air volume according to the requirement. The problems that the fresh air volume of a conventional ship air conditioning ventilation system can not be adjusted and energy is wasted are solved, and the ship air conditioning ventilation system has the advantages of saving energy, guaranteeing the temperature and humidity of the cabin and the air quality and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a variable fresh air volume ship air conditioning system comprises a heat pump unit, a gas-liquid heat exchanger, a sensible heat exchanger, a tail end device, a controller, a pipeline switching valve group and a pressure sensor. The end device at least comprises an air supply end, an air return end and a CO2The air valve comprises a sensor, a first electric air valve and a second electric air valve. The outlet of the heat pump unit is connected with the end a of the pipeline switching valve set through a pipeline, and the pipeline is connected with the end a of the pipeline switching valve setThe end c of the path switching valve group is connected with the end a of the gas-liquid heat exchanger through a pipeline, the inlet of the heat pump unit is connected with the end b of the path switching valve group through a pipeline, and the end d of the path switching valve group is connected with the end b of the gas-liquid heat exchanger through a pipeline. The end d of the gas-liquid heat exchanger is connected with an inlet of the first electric air valve through a pipeline, an outlet of the first electric air valve is connected with an outlet of the second electric air valve and the air supply tail end through a pipeline, and a control end of the first electric air valve is connected with the controller through a lead. The return air tail end is respectively connected with the c end of the sensible heat exchanger and the e end of the gas-liquid heat exchanger through pipelines, the f end of the gas-liquid heat exchanger is connected with the inlet of the second electric air valve through a pipeline, the outlet of the second electric air valve is connected with the air supply tail end through a pipeline, and the control end of the second electric air valve is connected with the controller through a lead. CO is arranged at the tail end of the return air2Sensor, the CO2The sensor is connected with the controller through a lead. The end b of the sensible heat exchanger is connected with the end c of the gas-liquid heat exchanger through a pipeline, and the end a and the end d of the sensible heat exchanger are respectively communicated with the outdoor environment through pipelines.
Further preferably, the content of the end device is related to the number of air-conditioning compartments of the actual ship. Assuming that the number of air-conditioning compartments of an actual ship is N, the end device comprises N air supply ends, N air return ends and N COs2The sensor, N first electronic blast gate and N second electronic blast gate. Namely the air supply end, the air return end and the CO contained in the end device2The number of the sensors, the first electric air valves and the second electric air valves is in direct proportion to the number of the ship cabins.
Preferably, the gas-liquid heat exchanger is a gas-liquid heat exchanger comprising a fresh air processor and a return air processor, and the pressure sensor is arranged between the d end of the fresh air processor and the Y point.
Further preferably, the pipeline switching valve group comprises a first stop valve, a second stop valve, a third stop valve and a fourth stop valve. The first stop valve and the third stop valve are connected in parallel, an inlet of the first stop valve and an inlet of the third stop valve are connected with an outlet of the heat pump unit together through a pipeline, an outlet of the first stop valve is connected with an a end of the gas-liquid heat exchanger and an inlet of the fourth stop valve respectively through pipelines, an outlet of the fourth stop valve is connected with an inlet of the heat pump unit and an outlet of the second stop valve through a pipeline, and an inlet of the second stop valve is connected with an outlet of the third stop valve and a b end of the gas-liquid heat exchanger respectively through pipelines.
Further preferably, the controller is a PI controller or a PID controller.
The invention relates to a working method of a fresh air volume changing ship air conditioning system, which takes a ship cabin A as an example according to the operation purpose, and the refrigeration operation comprises the following processes:
(1) the third stop valve and the fourth stop valve are in a closed state, and cold water prepared by the heat pump unit returns to the heat pump unit after passing through the first stop valve, the fresh air processor, the return air processor and the second stop valve in sequence;
(2) the opening degree of the first electric air valve is according to the CO2CO detected by sensor2Concentration value determination, such as: when the CO is present2CO detected by sensor2When the difference value of the concentration value exceeding the allowable value is less than or equal to 25% of the allowable value, the opening angle of the first electric air valve is 25 DEG, and when the CO is in the range2CO detected by sensor2When the difference value of the concentration value exceeding the allowable value is more than 25% of the allowable value and less than or equal to 50% of the allowable value, the opening angle of the first electric air valve is 50 DEG, and when the CO is in the range2CO detected by sensor2When the difference value of the concentration value exceeding the allowable value is more than 50% of the allowable value, the opening angle of the first electric air valve is 90 degrees;
(3) after the first electric air valve is opened, fresh air enters the sensible heat exchanger, the fresh air processor, the first electric air valve and the air supply tail end into the cabin A through air pipes in sequence;
(4) after the air outlet of the cabin A passes through the air return end, one part of the air outlet passes through the air return processor and is cooled/heated, then enters the second electric air valve and the air supply end through the air pipe and enters the cabin A, and the other part of the air outlet enters the sensible heat exchanger and is discharged outdoors after exchanging heat with fresh air.
(5) When the CO is present2CO detected by sensor2The concentration value is smaller than an allowable value, and when the change amplitude is smaller than 5% in 30 minutes, the first electric air valve is closed, and the second electric air valve is closed.
The working method of the fresh air volume changing ship air conditioning system of the invention also comprises heating operation according to the operation purpose,
when the heat pump unit is used for heating, the first stop valve and the second stop valve are in a closed state in the process (1), and hot water produced by the heat pump unit returns to the heat pump unit after passing through the third stop valve, the return air processor, the fresh air processor and the fourth stop valve in sequence.
The description of the operation conditions of the first electric air valve and the second electric air valve in the processes (2) to (5) is related to the number of the ship compartments.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
the variable fresh air volume ship air conditioning system monitors CO of each cabin in real time2And (5) controlling the opening degree of a fresh air valve of the cabin so as to control the return air volume and adjust the fresh air volume according to the concentration value, thereby achieving the purpose of distributing the fresh air volume as required. The problems that the fresh air volume of a conventional ship air conditioning ventilation system can not be adjusted and energy is wasted are solved, and the ship air conditioning ventilation system has the advantages of saving energy, guaranteeing the temperature and humidity of the cabin and the air quality and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention.
The reference numbers in the figures illustrate: 1-heat pump unit, 2-gas-liquid heat exchanger, 2-1-fresh air processor, 2-return air processor, 3-sensible heat exchanger, 4-end device, 4-1-fresh air end, 4-2-return air end, 4-3-CO2A sensor, 4-4 parts of a first electric air valve, 4-5 parts of a second electric air valve, 5 parts of a controller, 6 parts of a pipeline switching valve group, 6-1 parts of a first stop valve, 6-2 parts of a second stop valve, 6-3 parts of a third stop valve,6-4-fourth stop valve, 7-pressure sensor.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Furthermore, the letter terms mentioned in the present invention, such as a, b, c, d, etc., refer to the inlet and outlet of the drawings only. Accordingly, the use of alphabetic terms is intended to illustrate and understand the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the variable fresh air volume marine air conditioning system of the present invention includes a heat pump unit 1, a gas-liquid heat exchanger 2, a sensible heat exchanger 3, a terminal device 4, a controller 5, a pipeline switching valve group 6, and a pressure sensor 7. The end device 4 at least comprises an air supply end 4-1, an air return end 4-2 and CO2A sensor 4-3, a first electric air valve 4-4 and a second electric air valve 4-5; an outlet of the heat pump unit 1 is connected with an end a of the pipeline switching valve group 6 through a pipeline, an end c of the pipeline switching valve group 6 is connected with an end a of the gas-liquid heat exchanger 2 through a pipeline, an inlet of the heat pump unit 1 is connected with an end b of the pipeline switching valve group 6 through a pipeline, and an end d of the pipeline switching valve group 6 is connected with an end b of the gas-liquid heat exchanger 2 through a pipeline; the end d of the gas-liquid heat exchanger 2 is connected with an inlet of the first electric air valve 4-4 through a pipeline, an outlet of the first electric air valve 4-4 is connected with an outlet of the second electric air valve 4-5 and the air supply tail end 4-1 through a pipeline, and a control end of the first electric air valve 4-4 is connected with the controller 5 through a lead; the return air tail end 4-2 is respectively connected with the c end of the sensible heat exchanger 3 and the e end of the gas-liquid heat exchanger 2 through pipelines, the f end of the gas-liquid heat exchanger 2 is connected with an inlet of the second electric air valve 4-5 through a pipeline, an outlet of the second electric air valve 4-5 is connected with the air supply tail end 4-1 through a pipeline, and a control end of the second electric air valve 4-5 is connected with the controller 5 through a lead; CO is arranged at the tail end 4-2 of the return air2Sensor 4-3, said CO2The sensor 4-3 is connected with the controller 5 through a lead; what is needed isThe end b of the sensible heat exchanger 3 is connected with the end c of the gas-liquid heat exchanger 2 through a pipeline, and the end a and the end d of the sensible heat exchanger 3 are respectively communicated with the outdoor environment through pipelines.
Wherein, the end device 4 comprises an air supply end 4-1, an air return end 4-2 and CO2The number of the sensors 4-3, the first electric air valves 4-4 and the second electric air valves 4-5 is in direct proportion to the number of the ship cabins.
The gas-liquid heat exchanger 2 is a gas-liquid heat exchanger comprising a fresh air processor 2-1 and a return air processor 2-2, and the pressure sensor 7 is arranged between the d end of the fresh air processor 2-1 and a Y point.
The pipeline switching valve group 6 comprises a first stop valve 6-1, a second stop valve 6-2, a third stop valve 6-3 and a fourth stop valve 6-4; the first stop valve 6-1 and the third stop valve 6-3 are connected in parallel, an inlet of the first stop valve 6-1 and an inlet of the third stop valve 6-3 are connected with an outlet of the heat pump unit 1 through a pipeline, an outlet of the first stop valve 6-1 is connected with an a end of the gas-liquid heat exchanger 2 and an inlet of the fourth stop valve 6-4 through pipelines, an outlet of the fourth stop valve 6-4 is connected with an inlet of the heat pump unit 1 and an outlet of the second stop valve 6-2 through a pipeline, and an inlet of the second stop valve 6-2 is connected with an outlet of the third stop valve 6-3 and a b end of the gas-liquid heat exchanger 2 through pipelines.
Wherein, the controller 5 is a PI controller or a PID controller.
The invention discloses a working method of a fresh air volume changing ship air conditioning system, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: taking a ship cabin a as an example, the refrigeration operation includes the following processes:
(1) the third stop valve 6-3 and the fourth stop valve 6-4 are in a closed state, and cold water prepared by the heat pump unit 1 passes through the first stop valve 6-1, the fresh air processor 2-1, the return air processor 2-2 and the second stop valve 6-2 in sequence and then returns to the heat pump unit 1;
(2) the opening degree of the first electric air valve 4-4 is according to the CO2CO detected by sensor 4-32Concentration value determination, such as:when the CO is present2CO detected by sensor 4-32When the difference value of the concentration value exceeding the allowable value is less than or equal to 25 percent of the allowable value, the opening angle of the first electric air valve 4-4 is 25 degrees, and when the CO is in the range2CO detected by sensor 4-32When the difference value of the concentration value exceeding the allowable value is more than 25% of the allowable value and less than or equal to 50% of the allowable value, the opening angle of the first electric air valve 4-4 is 50 DEG, when the CO is in the range2CO detected by sensor 4-32When the difference value of the concentration value exceeding the allowable value is more than 50% of the allowable value, the opening angle of the first electric air valve 4-4 is 90 degrees;
(3) after the first electric air valve 4-4 is opened, fresh air enters the sensible heat exchanger 3, the fresh air processor 2-1, the first electric air valve 4-4 and the air supply tail end 4-1 in sequence through air pipes and then enters the ship cabin A;
(4) after the air outlet of the ship cabin A passes through the air return end 4-2, a part of air is cooled/heated by the air return processor 2-2, enters the second electric air valve 4-5 and the air supply end 4-1 through air pipes and enters the ship cabin A, and the other part of air enters the sensible heat exchanger 3 to exchange heat with fresh air and then is discharged outdoors;
(5) when the CO is present2CO detected by sensor 4-32The concentration value is less than the allowable value, and when the variation amplitude is less than 5% in 30 minutes, the first electric air valve 4-4 is closed, and the second electric air valve 4-5 is closed.
The invention discloses a working method of a fresh air volume changing ship air conditioning system, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method also comprises the heating operation of the heating device,
when heating operation is carried out, the first stop valve 6-1 and the second stop valve 6-2 are in a closed state in the process 1, and hot water prepared by the heat pump unit 1 sequentially passes through the third stop valve 6-3, the return air processor 2-2, the fresh air processor 2-1 and the fourth stop valve 6-4 and then returns to the heat pump unit 1.
The invention discloses a working method of a fresh air volume changing ship air conditioning system, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the description of the operation conditions of the first electric air valve 4-4 and the second electric air valve 4-5 in the processes (2) to (5) is related to the number of the ship compartments.
The invention discloses a working method of a fresh air volume changing ship air conditioning system, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: taking the cabin a as an example, the operating conditions of the first electric air valve and the second electric air valve in the processes (2) and (5) are only one example, and the specific content is related to the actual demand.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention, but rather as the invention extends to all modifications, equivalents and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A variable fresh air volume ship air conditioning system is characterized by comprising a heat pump unit (1), a gas-liquid heat exchanger (2), a sensible heat exchanger (3), a tail end device (4), a controller (5), a pipeline switching valve group (6) and a pressure sensor (7); the end device (4) at least comprises an air supply end (4-1), an air return end (4-2) and CO2The sensor (4-3), a first electric air valve (4-4) and a second electric air valve (4-5); an outlet of the heat pump unit (1) is connected with an end a of the pipeline switching valve group (6) through a pipeline, an end c of the pipeline switching valve group (6) is connected with an end a of the gas-liquid heat exchanger (2) through a pipeline, an inlet of the heat pump unit (1) is connected with an end b of the pipeline switching valve group (6) through a pipeline, and an end d of the pipeline switching valve group (6) is connected with an end b of the gas-liquid heat exchanger (2) through a pipeline; the d end of the gas-liquid heat exchanger (2) is connected with an inlet of the first electric air valve (4-4) through a pipeline, an outlet of the first electric air valve (4-4) is connected with an outlet of the second electric air valve (4-5) and the air supply tail end (4-1) through a pipeline, and a control end of the first electric air valve (4-4) is connected with the controller (5) through a lead; the return air tail end (4-2) is respectively connected with the c end of the sensible heat exchanger (3) and the e end of the gas-liquid heat exchanger (2) through pipelines, the f end of the gas-liquid heat exchanger (2) is connected with the inlet of the second electric air valve (4-5) through a pipeline, the outlet of the second electric air valve (4-5) is connected with the air supply tail end (4-1) through a pipeline, and the control end of the second electric air valve (4-5) is connected with the controller (C) through a lead wire5) (ii) a CO is arranged at the tail end (4-2) of the return air2A sensor (4-3), the CO2The sensor (4-3) is connected with the controller (5) through a lead; the end b of the sensible heat exchanger (3) is connected with the end c of the gas-liquid heat exchanger (2) through a pipeline, and the end a and the end d of the sensible heat exchanger (3) are communicated with the outdoor environment through pipelines respectively.
2. The variable fresh air volume marine air conditioning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the tail end device (4) comprises an air supply tail end (4-1), an air return tail end (4-2) and CO2The number of the sensors (4-3), the first electric air valves (4-4) and the second electric air valves (4-5) is in direct proportion to the number of the ship cabins.
3. The variable fresh air volume marine air conditioning system according to claim 2, characterized in that: the gas-liquid heat exchanger (2) comprises a fresh air processor (2-1) and a return air processor (2-2), and the pressure sensor (7) is arranged between the d end of the fresh air processor (2-1) and the Y point.
4. The variable fresh air volume marine air conditioning system according to claim 3, characterized in that: the pipeline switching valve group (6) comprises a first stop valve (6-1), a second stop valve (6-2), a third stop valve (6-3) and a fourth stop valve (6-4); wherein the first shut-off valve (6-1) and the third shut-off valve (6-3) are connected in parallel, the inlet of the first stop valve (6-1) and the inlet of the third stop valve (6-3) are connected with the outlet of the heat pump unit (1) through pipelines, the outlet of the first stop valve (6-1) is respectively connected with the a end of the gas-liquid heat exchanger (2) and the inlet of the fourth stop valve (6-4) through pipelines, the outlet of the fourth stop valve (6-4) is connected with the inlet of the heat pump unit (1) and the outlet of the second stop valve (6-2) through pipelines, and the inlet of the second stop valve (6-2) is respectively connected with the outlet of the third stop valve (6-3) and the b end of the gas-liquid heat exchanger (2) through pipelines.
5. The variable fresh air volume marine air conditioning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the controller (5) is a PI controller or a PID controller.
6. The working method of the fresh air volume changing ship air conditioning system based on claim 4 is characterized in that: taking a ship cabin a as an example, the refrigeration operation includes the following processes:
(1) the third stop valve (6-3) and the fourth stop valve (6-4) are in a closed state, and cold water prepared by the heat pump unit (1) returns to the heat pump unit (1) after passing through the first stop valve (6-1), the fresh air processor (2-1), the return air processor (2-2) and the second stop valve (6-2) in sequence;
(2) the opening degree of the first electric air valve (4-4) is according to the CO2CO detected by the sensor (4-3)2Concentration value determination, such as: when the CO is present2CO detected by the sensor (4-3)2When the difference value of the concentration value exceeding the allowable value is less than or equal to 25% of the allowable value, the opening angle of the first electric air valve (4-4) is 25 DEG, when the CO is in the range2CO detected by the sensor (4-3)2When the difference value of the concentration value exceeding the allowable value is more than 25% of the allowable value and less than or equal to 50% of the allowable value, the opening angle of the first electric air valve (4-4) is 50 DEG when the CO is in the range2CO detected by the sensor (4-3)2When the difference value of the concentration value exceeding the allowable value is more than 50% of the allowable value, the opening angle of the first electric air valve (4-4) is 90 degrees;
(3) after the first electric air valve (4-4) is opened, fresh air sequentially enters the sensible heat exchanger (3), the fresh air processor (2-1), the first electric air valve (4-4) and the air supply tail end (4-1) through air pipes and enters a ship cabin A;
(4) after the air outlet of the ship cabin A passes through the air return end (4-2), a part of air is cooled/heated through the air return processor (2-2), enters the second electric air valve (4-5) and the air supply end (4-1) through air pipes and enters the ship cabin A, and the other part of air enters the sensible heat exchanger (3) and is discharged outdoors after exchanging heat with fresh air;
(5) when the CO is present2CO detected by the sensor (4-3)2Concentration valueAnd when the variation amplitude is less than 5% in 30 minutes, the first electric air valve (4-4) is closed, and the second electric air valve (4-5) is closed.
7. The working method of the fresh air volume changing ship air conditioning system according to claim 6, characterized in that: the heat pump unit is characterized by further comprising a heating operation, wherein in the heating operation, the first stop valve (6-1) and the second stop valve (6-2) are in a closed state in the process (1), and hot water prepared by the heat pump unit (1) returns to the heat pump unit (1) after passing through the third stop valve (6-3), the return air processor (2-2), the fresh air processor (2-1) and the fourth stop valve (6-4) in sequence.
8. The working method of the fresh air volume changing ship air conditioning system according to claim 6, characterized in that: the content of the operating condition description of the first electric air valve (4-4) and the second electric air valve (4-5) in the processes (2) to (5) is related to the number of the ship cabins.
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| CN207146539U (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2018-03-27 | 西安建筑科技大学 | A kind of full air-conditioning system of frequency conversion family formula fresh air purifying |
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