CN112091834A - Ceramic bond large-pore grinding wheel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ceramic bond large-pore grinding wheel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112091834A CN112091834A CN202010981318.8A CN202010981318A CN112091834A CN 112091834 A CN112091834 A CN 112091834A CN 202010981318 A CN202010981318 A CN 202010981318A CN 112091834 A CN112091834 A CN 112091834A
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- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 190
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000012778 molding material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical group [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- CNLWCVNCHLKFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;lithium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Li+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O CNLWCVNCHLKFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052642 spodumene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910021418 black silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxomagnesium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910000639 Spring steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007049 Juglans regia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009496 Juglans regia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009837 dry grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020234 walnut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
- B24D3/04—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic
- B24D3/14—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic ceramic, i.e. vitrified bondings
- B24D3/18—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic ceramic, i.e. vitrified bondings for porous or cellular structure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
- B24D18/0009—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for using moulds or presses
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a ceramic bond big air hole grinding wheel and a preparation method thereof, wherein the ceramic bond big air hole grinding wheel comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by weight: 60-90 parts of an abrasive; 10-30 parts of a binding agent; 10-30 parts of pore-forming material; the raw materials for preparing the ceramic bond atmospheric-pore grinding wheel also comprise a proper amount of wetting agent and a bonding agent, wherein the addition amount of the wetting agent is 1.8L per 100kg of grinding materials; the addition amount of the binder is 2.5kg of the binder added to each 100kg of the abrasive; wherein the pore-forming material is silicon carbide. According to the ceramic bond large-pore grinding wheel, silicon carbide is used as a pore-forming material, the specific gravity of the silicon carbide is similar to that of an abrasive, the silicon carbide is easier to mix uniformly in the mixing process, microcracks generated in a blank body due to volatilization of the pore-forming material are avoided in the firing process, the porosity of the prepared grinding tool can reach more than 75%, the workpiece can be prevented from being burned due to high porosity, and the service performance of the grinding wheel is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a grinding tool material, in particular to a ceramic bond large-pore grinding wheel and a preparation method thereof.
Background
When the porous grinding wheel is used for grinding, the porous grinding wheel is not easy to block, fast in heat dissipation, strong in cutting capability and high in durability, and is widely used in a dry grinding process, thermosensitive material grinding and bar grinding of special steel enterprises.
According to the traditional manufacturing method of the porous grinding wheel, when the grinding wheel is produced, pore-forming materials are added, refined tea, walnut shells, wood-plastic, corundum balls and the like are used as the pore-forming materials, and the pore-forming materials are volatilized to form pores through firing, so that the pore-forming materials are difficult to be uniform in the preparation process, and in the drying and firing process, the pore-forming materials are volatilized to cause microcracks, so that the strength of the grinding wheel is reduced; in addition, the problem of low porosity is also existed, the porosity can only reach below 50%, and the lower porosity is easy to cause workpiece burn, which causes complex preparation process and high preparation cost.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, the invention provides the ceramic bond large pore grinding wheel and the preparation method thereof, aiming at the problems that the pore-forming material is difficult to mix uniformly in the mixing process of the traditional large pore grinding wheel preparation method, the pore-forming material is easy to volatilize to cause microcracks, the strength of the grinding wheel is reduced, and the porosity is low.
The invention provides a ceramic bond big pore grinding wheel which comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by weight:
60-90 parts of an abrasive;
10-30 parts of a binding agent;
10-30 parts of pore-forming material;
the raw materials for preparing the ceramic bond atmospheric pore grinding wheel also comprise a wetting agent and a bonding agent, wherein the addition amount of the wetting agent is 1.8L per 100kg of grinding materials; the addition amount of the binder is 2.5kg of the binder added to each 100kg of the abrasive;
wherein the pore-forming material is silicon carbide.
In one embodiment, the pore-forming material has a particle size equal to or greater than the particle size of the abrasive.
In one embodiment, the wetting agent is sodium silicate, the modulus of the sodium silicate is 2.4-2.8, the relative density is greater than 1.42, the insoluble substance is less than 1.5%, and the pH value is 12.5-13.5.
In one embodiment, the binder is dextrin.
In one embodiment, the binder is a high-strength rare earth ceramic binder and is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass:
the invention also provides a preparation method of the ceramic bond atmospheric hole grinding wheel, which comprises the following steps:
a step of preparing a bonding agent, which is to mix feldspar, boron glass, spodumene, clay and talc according to a formula ratio to prepare the bonding agent;
a pore-forming material premix preparation step, mixing a pore-forming material and a part of wetting agent in proportion, and then mixing the pore-forming material and a part of bonding agent in proportion to prepare the pore-forming material premix;
a step of preparing a molding material of the grinding tool, which is to mix the grinding material with the rest of the wetting agent, then mix the grinding material with the rest of the bonding agent and the bonding agent, and then mix the grinding material with the pore-forming material premix to prepare the molding material of the grinding tool;
a step of preparing a grinding tool blank, which is to press and mold the grinding tool molding material to prepare the grinding tool blank;
a drying step, namely placing the grinding tool blank in a drying chamber for drying to obtain a grinding tool dry blank;
and a sintering step, namely sintering the dry blank of the grinding tool at a high temperature of 1300-1350 ℃ in a sintering kiln for 40-72 h to obtain the ceramic bond atmosphere grinding wheel.
In one embodiment, in the pore-forming material premix preparation step, the mass ratio of the pore-forming material to the wetting agent is 100: (3.0-4.0); the mass ratio of the pore-forming material to the bonding agent is 100: (3.0-15.0).
In one embodiment, in the step of preparing the abrasive tool blank, the press forming comprises a first pressing step and a second pressing step;
the pressure applying pressure of the first pressure applying step is 1/4-1/3 of preset pressure, and the pressure applying time is 10-20 s;
and the pressure applying pressure of the second pressure applying step is preset pressure, and the pressure applying time is 50-70 s.
In one embodiment, in the drying step, the drying temperature is 40-60 ℃, and the drying time is 46-50 h.
In one embodiment, in the firing step, the high-temperature firing is performed by gradually raising the temperature, the rate of raising the temperature from room temperature to the maximum firing temperature in the firing kiln is 10 ℃/h to 50 ℃/h, the positive pressure firing is performed to obtain an oxidizing atmosphere when the temperature is raised from room temperature to 800 ℃, the weak positive pressure firing is performed to obtain an oxidizing atmosphere when the temperature is raised from 800 ℃ to 1330 ℃, and the negative pressure reducing atmosphere is performed when the temperature is lowered from 800 ℃.
According to the ceramic bond large-pore grinding wheel, silicon carbide is used as a pore-forming material, the specific gravity of the silicon carbide is similar to that of an abrasive, the silicon carbide is easier to mix uniformly in the mixing process, microcracks generated in a blank body due to volatilization of the pore-forming material are avoided in the firing process, the porosity of the prepared grinding tool can reach more than 75%, the workpiece can be prevented from being burned due to high porosity, and the service performance of the grinding tool is improved.
According to the preparation method of the ceramic bond large-pore grinding wheel, silicon carbide is used as a pore-forming material, the specific gravity of the silicon carbide is similar to that of an abrasive, the silicon carbide is mixed and prepared uniformly in a mixing process, microcracks generated in a blank body due to volatilization of the pore-forming material are avoided in a sintering process, the preparation method is simple, and the preparation cost can be greatly reduced.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a ceramic bond big pore grinding wheel which comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by weight:
60-90 parts of an abrasive;
10-30 parts of a binding agent;
10-30 parts of pore-forming material;
the raw materials for preparing the ceramic bond atmospheric pore grinding wheel also comprise a wetting agent and a bonding agent, wherein the addition amount of the wetting agent is 1.8L per 100kg of grinding materials; the addition amount of the binder is 2.5kg of the binder added to each 100kg of the abrasive;
wherein the pore-forming material is silicon carbide.
According to the ceramic bond large-pore grinding wheel, silicon carbide is used as a pore-forming material, the specific gravity of the silicon carbide is similar to that of an abrasive, the silicon carbide is easier to mix uniformly in the mixing process, microcracks generated in a blank body due to volatilization of the pore-forming material are avoided in the firing process, the porosity of the prepared grinding tool can reach more than 75%, the workpiece can be prevented from being burned due to high porosity, and the service performance of the grinding tool is improved.
In addition, the silicon carbide is also a high-quality grinding material, participates in grinding, has uniform porosity, can be precisely regulated and controlled, and has larger grinding ratio.
Wherein, the content of the silicon carbide in the pore-forming material is preferably more than 98%, and the silicon carbide is selected from black silicon carbide or green silicon carbide.
The grinding tool forming material is prepared by adopting the grinding material, the bonding agent, the pore-forming material, the wetting agent and the binder according to the formula ratio, wherein silicon carbide is used as the pore-forming material, the specific gravity of the silicon carbide is similar to that of the grinding material, the silicon carbide is easier to be uniformly mixed in the mixing process, microcracks generated in a blank body due to volatilization of the pore-forming material are avoided in the sintering process, the porosity of the prepared grinding tool can reach more than 75%, the workpiece can be prevented from being burned due to higher porosity, and the service performance of the grinding tool is improved.
During the sintering process of the grinding tool molding material, when the sintering atmosphere is controlled to be an oxidizing atmosphere, the surface of the silicon carbide can generate oxidation reaction to generate SiO2Film of silicon carbide in O2In gas medium, the silicon carbide surface will generate decomposition oxidation reaction at 600 deg.C, when it reaches a certain thickness, because the silicon carbide surface and O2、H2Separating gas such as O, and the like, wherein the decomposition and oxidation effects are limited, so that the reaction is stopped; the decomposition of silicon carbide abrasive particles is only carried out on the surface, the oxygen oxidizes carbon elements and silicon elements in the silicon carbide, and the particle decomposition products ' C ' and ' CO2Slowly volatilize from the inside of the grinding tool to form spherical cluster air holes with uniform structures.
In one embodiment, the pore-forming material has a particle size equal to or greater than the particle size of the abrasive. Preferably, the pore-forming material is advantageously one size number greater than the abrasive.
In one embodiment, the wetting agent is sodium silicate, the modulus of the sodium silicate is 2.4-2.8, the relative density is greater than 1.42, the insoluble substance is less than 1.5%, and the pH value is 12.5-13.5. Wherein the sodium silicate modulus is: n ═ SiO2/Na2O (molar ratio), wherein the modulus of the sodium silicate adopted by the invention is 2.4-2.8; a relative density greater than 1.42; insoluble substances are less than 1.5%, no white precipitate should be formed, and the pH value is 12.5-13.5; more preferably, the pH is 13.
In one embodiment, the binder is dextrin.
In one embodiment, the binding agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass:
the high-strength rare earth ceramic bonding agent can be prepared from spodumene, feldspar, boron glass, clay and talc, can reduce melting temperature and melt viscosity, reduce refractoriness by 50-70 ℃, simplify production flow, reduce energy consumption, and improve grinding self-sharpening property and tensile strength, and compared with a common bonding agent, the tensile strength is improved by 10-15%.
When the sintering temperature of the bonding agent with the formula ratio reaches 800-1330 ℃, the bonding agent gradually becomes a molten state to wrap the surface of the abrasive and the surface of the pore-forming material.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the ceramic bond atmospheric hole grinding wheel, which comprises the following steps:
a step of preparing a bonding agent, which is to mix feldspar, boron glass, spodumene, clay and talc according to a formula ratio to prepare the bonding agent;
a pore-forming material premix preparation step, mixing a pore-forming material and a part of wetting agent in proportion, and then mixing the pore-forming material and a part of bonding agent in proportion to prepare the pore-forming material premix;
a step of preparing a molding material of the grinding tool, which is to mix the grinding material with the rest of the wetting agent, then mix the grinding material with the rest of the bonding agent and the bonding agent, and then mix the grinding material with the pore-forming material premix to prepare the molding material of the grinding tool;
a step of preparing a grinding tool blank, which is to press and mold the grinding tool molding material to prepare the grinding tool blank;
a drying step, namely placing the grinding tool blank in a drying chamber for drying to obtain a grinding tool dry blank;
and a firing step, namely firing the dry blank of the grinding tool in a firing kiln at a high temperature of 1300-1350 ℃ for 40-72 h to obtain the ceramic bond large-pore grinding wheel.
According to the preparation method of the ceramic bond large-pore grinding wheel, silicon carbide is used as a pore-forming material, the specific gravity of the silicon carbide is similar to that of the grinding material, the silicon carbide is easier to mix uniformly in the mixing process, the preparation method is simple, and the preparation cost can be greatly reduced.
In one embodiment, in the pore-forming material premix preparation step, the mass ratio of the pore-forming material to the wetting agent is 100: (3.0-4.0); the mass ratio of the pore-forming material to the bonding agent is 100: (3.0-15.0).
In one embodiment, in the step of preparing the abrasive tool blank, the press forming comprises a first pressing step and a second pressing step;
the pressure applying pressure of the first pressure applying step is (1/4-1/3) of the preset pressure, the pressure applying time is 10-20 s, and the preferable pressure applying time is 15 s;
the pressure applying pressure of the second pressure applying step is preset pressure, the pressure applying time is 50-70 s, and the preferable pressure applying time is 60 s.
The preset pressure is different according to the design requirement, the outer diameter, the thickness and the hardness of the grinding wheel, and the pressing pressure of the corresponding grinding wheel in the compression molding process is also different. Preferably, the preset pressure for hot press molding of the vitrified bond large pore grinding wheel is 25 Mpa-30 Mpa.
In one embodiment, in the drying step, the drying temperature is 40-60 ℃, and the drying time is 46-50 h.
In one embodiment, in the firing step, the high-temperature firing is performed by stepwise temperature rise, the rate of temperature rise from room temperature to the maximum firing temperature in the firing kiln is 10 ℃/h to 50 ℃/h, a positive pressure firing atmosphere is used when the temperature rises from room temperature to 800 ℃, a weak positive pressure oxidation firing atmosphere is used when the temperature rises from 800 ℃ or higher to the maximum firing temperature, and a negative pressure reduction atmosphere is used when the temperature falls from the maximum firing temperature to 800 ℃.
Furthermore, in the high-temperature sintering step, the temperature can be lowered from the highest sintering temperature to 800 ℃ theoretically at an infinite speed. In the embodiment of the invention, the temperature in the firing kiln can be rapidly reduced at a cooling rate of 80-100 ℃/h, the cooling cost can be reduced by adopting natural cooling when the temperature is reduced from 800 ℃ to 100 ℃, but the kiln door can be opened to cool to room temperature and then the kiln can be taken out when the temperature in the firing kiln is reduced to below 100 ℃.
Example 1
1. A step of preparing a binding agent, which is to mix 70kg of feldspar powder, 60kg of clay powder, 50kg of boron glass powder, 10kg of spodumene powder and 10kg of talcum powder in a bell-shaped mixer with the capacity of 500L for 10-20 min, and pass through a 60# sieve to prepare the binding agent;
2. preparing a pore-forming material premix, namely mixing 10kg of black silicon carbide and 0.063L of sodium silicate aqueous solution in a counter-current mixer for 5min, adding 0.75kg of a bonding agent, mixing for 10min, and sieving by a 60# sieve to prepare the pore-forming material premix;
3. a step of preparing a molding material of a grinding tool, which is to mix 75kg of grinding material and 1.737L of sodium silicate aqueous solution in a counter-current mixer for 5min, add 14.25kg of the bonding agent and 2.5kg of dextrin in the counter-current mixer for 10min, add the pore-forming material premix for 5min, and pass through a 60# sieve to prepare the molding material of the grinding tool;
4. a step of preparing a grinding tool blank, namely placing a mould of a required grinding tool on a workbench of a forming unit, loading a grinding tool forming material according to design specifications, carrying out single forming, and pressing twice, wherein the pressing pressure of the first pressing step is 25-30 Mpa (1/4-1/3), and the pressing time is 15 s; removing the die sizing block, performing a second pressure applying step, wherein the pressure applying pressure of the second pressure applying step is 25-30 Mpa, the pressure applying time is 60s, and pressing the second pressure applying step into a grinding tool blank;
5. drying, namely placing the grinding tool blank in a drying chamber for drying at the drying temperature of 50 ℃ for 48 hours to obtain a grinding tool dry blank;
6. a sintering step, namely placing the dry blank of the grinding tool in a sintering kiln, sintering at high temperature, heating step by step, wherein the heating rate from room temperature to the highest sintering temperature of 1330 ℃ is 30 ℃/h, heating from room temperature to 800 ℃ adopts a positive pressure sintering oxidation atmosphere, heating from above 800 ℃ to the highest sintering temperature of 1330 ℃ adopts a weak positive pressure sintering oxidation atmosphere, and sintering at the highest sintering temperature of 1330 ℃ for 55h in a heat preservation manner; reducing the temperature from 1330 ℃ of the highest sintering temperature to 800 ℃ by adopting a negative pressure reducing atmosphere; controlling the cooling rate to be 90 ℃/h when the temperature is reduced from the highest firing temperature of 1330 ℃ to 800 ℃, naturally cooling from the temperature below 800 ℃ to 100 ℃, opening a kiln door to cool to room temperature below 100 ℃, taking out the ceramic bond big pore grinding wheel to prepare the ceramic bond big pore grinding wheel, and transferring to a fine machining process;
7. and (3) a finish machining inspection step, wherein the outer surface of the ceramic bond large-pore grinding wheel needs to be completely machined, the grinding wheel is machined to a specified size on a multifunctional lathe once during machining, and qualified products need to be inspected according to the national specified grinding tool standard.
When the 600 x 200 x 203 grinding wheel product prepared according to the embodiment is used for grinding bearing steel bars in certain steel mill in China, the linear speed is 60m/s, the grinding ratio is 1:21.5, the roughness is improved by one level, and the grinding efficiency can enable the grinding amount to be 0.08 cm3The/minute is increased to 0.8 cm3The grinding wheel has excellent balance performance, uniform tissue density, no trimming and porosity up to 75 percent.
Example 2
1. A step of preparing a binding agent, which is to mix 60kg of feldspar powder, 70kg of clay powder, 40kg of boron glass powder, 20kg of spodumene powder and 10kg of talcum powder in a bell-shaped mixer with the capacity of 500L for 10-20 min, and pass through a 60# sieve to prepare the binding agent;
2. a pore-forming material premix preparation step, namely mixing 18kg of green silicon carbide and 0.113L of sodium silicate aqueous solution in a counter-current mixer for 5min, adding 0.96kg of binding agent, mixing for 10min, and sieving by a 60# sieve to prepare the pore-forming material premix;
3. and a step of preparing a molding material of the grinding tool, which is to mix 70kg of grinding material and 1.687L of sodium silicate aqueous solution in a counter-current mixer for 5min, add 11.04kg of the bonding agent and 2.5kg of dextrin in the counter-current mixer for 10min, add the pore-forming material premix for mixing for 5min, and pass through a 60# sieve to prepare the molding material of the grinding tool.
4. A step of preparing a grinding tool blank, namely placing a mould of a required grinding tool on a workbench of a forming unit, loading a grinding tool forming material according to design specifications, carrying out single forming, and pressing twice, wherein the pressing pressure of the first pressing step is 25-30 Mpa (1/4-1/3), and the pressing time is 15 s; removing the die sizing block, performing a second pressure applying step, wherein the pressure applying pressure of the second pressure applying step is 25-30 Mpa, the pressure applying time is 60s, and pressing the second pressure applying step into a grinding tool blank;
5. drying, namely placing the grinding tool blank in a drying chamber for drying at the drying temperature of 50 ℃ for 48 hours to obtain a grinding tool dry blank;
6. a sintering step, namely placing the dry blank of the grinding tool in a sintering kiln, heating the dry blank of the grinding tool step by step in a high-temperature sintering mode, wherein the heating rate from room temperature to the highest sintering temperature of 1330 ℃ is 20 ℃/h, the positive-pressure sintering oxidation atmosphere is adopted when the temperature is increased from the room temperature to 800 ℃, the weak positive-pressure sintering oxidation atmosphere is adopted when the temperature is increased from above 800 ℃ to the highest sintering temperature of 1330 ℃, and the heat preservation sintering is carried out for 55h at the highest sintering temperature of 1330 ℃; reducing the temperature from 1330 ℃ of the highest sintering temperature to 800 ℃ by adopting a negative pressure reducing atmosphere; and (3) controlling the cooling rate to be 90 ℃/h when the temperature is reduced from the highest firing temperature of 1330 ℃ to 800 ℃, naturally cooling from the temperature below 800 ℃ to 100 ℃, opening a kiln door to cool to room temperature below 100 ℃, taking out the ceramic bond big pore grinding wheel to obtain the ceramic bond big pore grinding wheel, and transferring to a fine processing procedure.
7. And (3) a finish machining inspection step, wherein the outer surface of the ceramic bond large-pore grinding wheel needs to be completely machined, the grinding wheel is machined to a specified size on a multifunctional lathe once during machining, and qualified products need to be inspected according to the national specified grinding tool standard.
When the 600 x 200 x 203 grinding wheel product prepared according to the embodiment is used for grinding spring steel in a certain steel mill in China, the linear speed is 60m/s, the grinding ratio is 1:19.6, the roughness is improved by one level, and the grinding efficiency can enable the grinding amount to be 0.09 cm3The/minute is increased to 0.83 cm3The grinding wheel has excellent balance performance, uniform tissue density, no trimming and porosity up to 80 percent.
Example 3
1. A step of preparing a binding agent, which is to mix 73.5kg of feldspar powder, 42kg of clay powder, 52.5kg of boron glass powder, 21kg of spodumene powder and 21kg of talcum powder in a bell-shaped mixer with the capacity of 500L for 10-20 min, and pass through a No. 60 sieve to prepare the binding agent;
2. a pore-forming material premix preparation step, namely mixing 10kg of black silicon carbide and 0.3L of sodium silicate aqueous solution in a counter-current mixer for 5min, adding 0.30kg of binding agent, mixing for 10min, and sieving by a 60# sieve to prepare the pore-forming material premix;
3. a step of preparing a molding material of a grinding tool, which is to mix 80kg of grinding material and 1.5L of sodium silicate aqueous solution in a counter-current mixer for 5min, add 9.7kg of the bonding agent and 2.5kg of dextrin in the counter-current mixer for 10min, add the pore-forming material premix for 5min, and pass through a No. 60 sieve to prepare the molding material of the grinding tool;
4. a step of preparing a grinding tool blank, namely placing a mould of a required grinding tool on a workbench of a forming unit, loading a grinding tool forming material according to design specifications, carrying out single forming, and pressing twice, wherein the pressing pressure of the first pressing step is 25-30 Mpa (1/4-1/3), and the pressing time is 10 s; removing the die sizing block, performing a second pressure applying step, wherein the pressure applying pressure of the second pressure applying step is 25-30 Mpa of preset pressure, the pressure applying time is 50s, and pressing the second pressure applying step into a grinding tool blank;
5. drying, namely placing the grinding tool blank in a drying chamber for drying at 40 ℃ for 46h to obtain a grinding tool dry blank;
6. a sintering step, namely placing the dry blank of the grinding tool in a sintering kiln, sintering at high temperature, heating step by step, wherein the heating rate from room temperature to the highest sintering temperature of 1300 ℃ is 10 ℃/h, heating from room temperature to 800 ℃ adopts a positive pressure sintering oxidation atmosphere, heating from above 800 ℃ to the highest sintering temperature of 1300 ℃ adopts a weak positive pressure sintering oxidation atmosphere, cooling from the highest sintering temperature of 1300 ℃ to 800 ℃ adopts a negative pressure reduction atmosphere, and performing heat preservation sintering at the highest sintering temperature of 1300 ℃ for 40 h; controlling the cooling rate to be 80 ℃/h when the highest firing temperature is reduced from 1300 ℃ to 800 ℃, naturally cooling from 800 ℃ to 100 ℃, opening a kiln door to cool to room temperature below 100 ℃, taking out the ceramic bond big pore grinding wheel to prepare the ceramic bond big pore grinding wheel, and transferring to a fine machining process;
7. and (3) a finish machining inspection step, wherein the outer surface of the ceramic bond large-pore grinding wheel needs to be completely machined, the grinding wheel is machined to a specified size on a multifunctional lathe once during machining, and qualified products need to be inspected according to the national specified grinding tool standard.
When the 600 x 200 x 203 grinding wheel product prepared according to the embodiment is used for grinding bearing steel bars in certain steel mill in China, the linear speed is 60m/s, the grinding ratio is 1:22.4, the roughness is improved by one level, and the grinding efficiency can enable the grinding amount to be 0.08 cm3The/minute is increased to 0.79 cm3The grinding wheel has excellent balance performance, uniform tissue density, no trimming and porosity up to 76 percent.
Example 4
1. Preparing a binding agent, namely putting 156kg of feldspar powder, 85.8kg of clay powder, 70.2kg of boron glass powder, 46.8kg of spodumene powder and 31.2kg of talcum powder into a bell-shaped mixer with the capacity of 500L for mixing for 10-20 min, and sieving by a No. 60 sieve to prepare the binding agent;
2. a pore-forming material premix preparation step, namely mixing 30kg of black silicon carbide and 1.2L of sodium silicate aqueous solution in a counter-current mixer for 5min, adding 4.5kg of binding agent, mixing for 10min, and sieving by a 60# sieve to prepare the pore-forming material premix;
3. a step of preparing a molding material of a grinding tool, which is to mix 60kg of grinding material and 0.6L of sodium silicate aqueous solution in a counter-current mixer for 5min, add 5.5kg of the bonding agent and 2.5kg of dextrin in the counter-current mixer for 10min, add the pore-forming material premix for 5min, and pass through a 60# sieve to prepare the molding material of the grinding tool;
4. a step of preparing a grinding tool blank, namely placing a mould of a required grinding tool on a workbench of a forming unit, loading a grinding tool forming material according to design specifications, carrying out single forming, and pressing twice, wherein the pressing pressure of the first pressing step is 25-30 Mpa (1/4-1/3), and the pressing time is 20 s; removing the die sizing block, performing a second pressure applying step, wherein the pressure applying pressure of the second pressure applying step is 25-30 Mpa, the pressure applying time is 70s, and pressing the second pressure applying step into a grinding tool blank;
5. drying, namely placing the grinding tool blank in a drying chamber for drying at the drying temperature of 60 ℃ for 50h to obtain a grinding tool dry blank;
6. a sintering step, namely placing the dry blank of the grinding tool in a sintering kiln, sintering at high temperature, heating step by step, wherein the heating rate from room temperature to the highest sintering temperature of 1350 ℃ is 50 ℃/h, heating from room temperature to 800 ℃ adopts a positive pressure sintering oxidation atmosphere, heating from above 800 ℃ to the highest sintering temperature of 1350 ℃ adopts a weak positive pressure sintering oxidation atmosphere, cooling from the highest sintering temperature of 1350 ℃ to 800 ℃ adopts a negative pressure reduction atmosphere, and performing heat preservation sintering at the highest sintering temperature of 1350 ℃ for 72 h; controlling the cooling rate to be 100 ℃/h when the highest firing temperature is reduced to 800 ℃ from 1350 ℃, naturally cooling from 800 ℃ to 100 ℃, opening a kiln door to cool to room temperature below 100 ℃, taking out the ceramic bond big pore grinding wheel to obtain the ceramic bond big pore grinding wheel, and transferring to a fine machining process;
7. and (3) a finish machining inspection step, wherein the outer surface of the ceramic bond large-pore grinding wheel needs to be completely machined, the grinding wheel is machined to a specified size on a multifunctional lathe once during machining, and qualified products need to be inspected according to the national specified grinding tool standard.
When the 600 x 200 x 203 grinding wheel product prepared according to the embodiment is used for grinding bearing steel bars in certain steel mill in China, the linear speed is 60m/s, the grinding ratio is 1:19.5, the roughness is improved by one level, and the grinding efficiency can enable the grinding amount to be 0.09 cm3The volume is increased to 0.77 cm3The grinding wheel has excellent balance performance, uniform tissue density, no trimming and porosity up to 86%.
Comparative example
When a conventional large-pore grinding wheel product with the specification of 600 × 200 × 203 purchased from the market is used for grinding the same spring steel material as the embodiment of the invention, the linear speed is 35m/s, and the grinding ratio is 1: 13.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The ceramic bond big pore grinding wheel is characterized by comprising the following preparation raw materials in parts by mass:
60-90 parts of an abrasive;
10-30 parts of a binding agent;
10-30 parts of pore-forming material;
the raw materials for preparing the ceramic bond atmospheric pore grinding wheel also comprise a wetting agent and a bonding agent, wherein the addition amount of the wetting agent is 1.8L per 100kg of grinding materials; the addition amount of the binder is 2.5kg of the binder added to each 100kg of the abrasive;
wherein the pore-forming material is silicon carbide.
2. The vitrified bonded large pore grinding wheel according to claim 1, wherein the pore-forming material has a grain size equal to or greater than that of the abrasive.
3. The vitrified bond large pore grinding wheel according to claim 1, wherein the wetting agent is sodium silicate, the modulus of the sodium silicate is 2.4 to 2.8, the relative density is more than 1.42, the insoluble matter is less than 1.5%, and the pH value is 12.5 to 13.5.
4. The vitrified bonded large pore grinding wheel of claim 1, wherein the binder is dextrin.
5. The vitrified bond large pore grinding wheel according to claim 1, wherein the bond is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass:
6. a method for manufacturing a vitrified bonded atmospheric grinding wheel according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
a step of preparing a bonding agent, which is to mix feldspar, boron glass, spodumene, clay and talc according to a formula ratio to prepare the bonding agent;
a pore-forming material premix preparation step, mixing a pore-forming material and a part of wetting agent in proportion, and then mixing the pore-forming material and a part of bonding agent in proportion to prepare the pore-forming material premix;
a step of preparing a molding material of the grinding tool, which is to mix the grinding material with the rest of the wetting agent, then mix the grinding material with the rest of the bonding agent and the bonding agent, and then mix the grinding material with the pore-forming material premix to prepare the molding material of the grinding tool;
a step of preparing a grinding tool blank, which is to press and mold the grinding tool molding material to prepare the grinding tool blank;
a drying step, namely placing the grinding tool blank in a drying chamber for drying to obtain a grinding tool dry blank;
and a firing step, namely firing the dry blank of the grinding tool at a high temperature in a firing kiln, wherein the maximum firing temperature is 1300-1350 ℃, and the firing time at the maximum firing temperature is 40-72 h, so as to obtain the ceramic bond atmosphere hole grinding wheel.
7. The method for preparing a vitrified bond atmospheric hole grinding wheel according to claim 6, wherein in the pore-forming material premix preparation step, the volume ratio of the mass of the pore-forming material to the wetting agent is 100 kg: (3.0-4.0) L; the mass ratio of the pore-forming material to the binder is 100: (3.0-15.0).
8. The method for preparing a vitrified bond atmospheric air hole grinding wheel according to claim 6, wherein in the step of preparing the grinding tool blank, the press molding comprises a first pressing step and a second pressing step;
the pressure applying pressure of the first pressure applying step is 1/4-1/3 of preset pressure, and the pressure applying time is 10-20 s;
and the pressure applying pressure of the second pressure applying step is preset pressure, and the pressure applying time is 50-70 s.
9. The method for preparing the vitrified bond atmospheric hole grinding wheel according to claim 6, wherein in the drying step, the drying temperature is 40 ℃ to 60 ℃ and the drying time is 46h to 50 h.
10. The method for manufacturing a vitrified bonded atmospheric grinding wheel according to claim 6, wherein in the firing step, the high-temperature firing is performed by stepwise temperature rise, the rate of temperature rise from room temperature to the maximum firing temperature in the firing kiln is 10 ℃/h to 50 ℃/h, an oxidizing atmosphere is fired by positive pressure when the temperature rises from room temperature to 800 ℃, and an oxidizing atmosphere is fired by weak positive pressure when the temperature rises from 800 ℃ or higher to the maximum firing temperature; and when the temperature is reduced to 800 ℃ from the highest sintering temperature, adopting a negative pressure reducing atmosphere.
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| CN103170921A (en) * | 2013-04-08 | 2013-06-26 | 天津大学 | Diamond grinding tool use for grinding hard alloy cutters |
| KR20180134025A (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2018-12-18 | 구레토이시 가부시기가이샤 | Vitrified super abrasive grain wheel |
| CN110317062A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2019-10-11 | 日本碍子株式会社 | Silicon carbide porous body and its manufacturing method |
| CN110774187A (en) * | 2018-07-30 | 2020-02-11 | 江苏华东砂轮有限公司 | Corundum abrasive tool preparation method and corundum abrasive tool prepared by same |
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2020
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103170921A (en) * | 2013-04-08 | 2013-06-26 | 天津大学 | Diamond grinding tool use for grinding hard alloy cutters |
| KR20180134025A (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2018-12-18 | 구레토이시 가부시기가이샤 | Vitrified super abrasive grain wheel |
| CN110317062A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2019-10-11 | 日本碍子株式会社 | Silicon carbide porous body and its manufacturing method |
| CN110774187A (en) * | 2018-07-30 | 2020-02-11 | 江苏华东砂轮有限公司 | Corundum abrasive tool preparation method and corundum abrasive tool prepared by same |
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