CN112091288B - Lengthened twist drill for processing elongated hole - Google Patents
Lengthened twist drill for processing elongated hole Download PDFInfo
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- CN112091288B CN112091288B CN202010734205.8A CN202010734205A CN112091288B CN 112091288 B CN112091288 B CN 112091288B CN 202010734205 A CN202010734205 A CN 202010734205A CN 112091288 B CN112091288 B CN 112091288B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
- B23B51/02—Twist drills
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/0042—Devices for removing chips
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Abstract
The invention relates to a lengthened twist drill for processing elongated holes, which comprises a handle part and a working part, wherein the handle part is provided with a plurality of grooves; the cutting part comprises a drill point, a rear cutter face and a cutting edge; the center of the top end of the cutting part is a diamond drill point, the tail end of the cutting part is two centrosymmetric chip separating surfaces, two rear cutter surfaces of the cutting part are provided with two centrosymmetric chip separating grooves, and the tail ends of the chip separating grooves are connected with the chip separating surfaces; each cutting edge is divided into an inner edge, an inner concave arc edge and an outer edge by a chip dividing groove, and an outer point is formed at the intersection of the inner concave arc edge and the outer edge; the cutting portion is formed into a "three point six edge" drill type consisting of 2 outer cutting edges, 2 inner cutting edges, 2 circular arc cutting edges, 2 outer points and 1 diamond point.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a lengthened twist drill for machining elongated holes, which is applied to machining various elongated deep holes of servo products.
Background
A plurality of long and thin oil paths, air paths and line holes are distributed in parts of servo products, and the parts are characterized by small diameter which is generally phi 2-5 mm, the maximum length-diameter ratio is nearly 30 times of the diameter, some of the parts are blind holes, the processing difficulty is very high, and the parts are always short plates in the processing of the servo products.
At present, the processing modes of the elongated holes are mainly three, one mode is to use a gun drill on a milling machine, but the diameter of some holes is too small, so that the gun drill is frequently broken during processing, and the processing mode is difficult to adopt; one is to use a special deep hole twist drill, but the special deep hole twist drill is not suitable for processing long deep holes with smaller diameters and has higher cost; the one is mill guiding hole cooperation import extension fluted drill drilling processing, and this kind of processing mode uses more, but because the defect of bore depth and fluted drill leads to the drilling to add and to have following problem during processing:
(1) the numerical value of the rake angle at each point on the main cutting edge has too large difference between the inside and the outside. The rake angle of the main cutting edge at the outer edge of the drill is too large, about +30 degrees, and when a hard material is processed, the strength of the cutting edge is insufficient; the rake angle near the center of the drill is too small, about-30 °, resulting in large chip deformation and large cutting resistance.
(2) The chisel edge is long, the rake angle of the chisel edge is large and reaches 54-60 degrees, the centering action is poor during processing, and a large axial force can be generated.
(3) The main cutting edge is very long, the whole edge participates in cutting, the cutting speed of each point on the edge is unequal, wider spiral chips are easily formed, chip separation and chip breaking are not facilitated, and the chips cannot be smoothly discharged due to small hole diameter.
The above defects often accelerate the abrasion of the twist drill, seriously affect the drilling efficiency and the quality of the processed surface, and the drill bit needs to be frequently ground, and also seriously affect the processing period of the product.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: the invention forms the three-point six-edge drill type multi-edge twist drill by newly designing the standard twist drill bit structure, optimizes the structure and the groove shape of the twist drill, increases the chip dividing grooves and the chip dividing surfaces, changes the sizes of the apex angle and the relief angle, and avoids the problems of poor centering, difficult chip removal, poor processing quality and the like during processing of the slender holes. By improving the processing method, the processing quality of the product is stable, the processing efficiency is improved by nearly 70 percent, and the production period is greatly accelerated.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an lengthened twist drill for processing elongated holes comprises a handle part and a working part; the cutting part comprises a drill point, a rear cutter face and a cutting edge; the center of the top end of the cutting part is a diamond drill point, the tail end of the cutting part is two centrosymmetric chip separating surfaces, two rear cutter surfaces of the cutting part are provided with two centrosymmetric chip separating grooves, and the tail ends of the chip separating grooves are connected with the chip separating surfaces; each cutting edge is divided into an inner edge, an inner concave arc edge and an outer edge by a chip dividing groove, and an outer point is formed at the intersection of the inner concave arc edge and the outer edge; the cutting portion is formed into a "three point six edge" drill type consisting of 2 outer cutting edges, 2 inner cutting edges, 2 circular arc cutting edges, 2 outer points and 1 diamond point.
The angle 2 phi of the outer edge is 120 degrees, and the angle alpha of the rear edgefThe outer cutting edge length b1 is 0.1-0.15 d, and d is the diameter of the twist drill.
The inner edge rake angle 2 phi' is 112 degrees, the inner edge bevel angle tau is 22.5 degrees, the inner edge rake angle gamma is +5 degrees to-5 degrees, the inner edge length b2 is 0.15d to 0.2d, the drill tip height h is 0.08d to 0.1d, and d is the diameter of the twist drill.
Arc edge relief angle alphaRThe radius of the circular arc is 25 degrees, the radius R of the circular arc is 0.1d, and d is the diameter of the twist drill.
The distance between the chip separating surface and the drill tip position H is about 0.65d, the angle k is 30 degrees, and d is the diameter of the twist drill;
during drilling, the diamond tip contacts a workpiece to be accurately centered, and then the circular arc edge cuts a convex circular rib on the cutting surface.
The beneficial results of the invention are as follows:
(1) the invention designs and develops a multi-edge twist drill with three points and six edges, solves the problems of poor centering and high processing difficulty when the twist drill is used for processing a slender hole, and improves the processing efficiency of the slender oil way hole.
(2) The groove type of the twist drill is improved, the groove type of the twist drill with the chip dividing grooves and the chip dividing surfaces is invented, the problem that chips are difficult to remove when the twist drill is used for machining elongated holes is solved, and the machining quality of the elongated holes is improved.
(3) The invention solves the problem that the drilling processing of the elongated hole depends on the inlet lengthened twist drill, and realizes the aim of saving the production cost.
(4) The use of the device can reduce the complicated times of grinding the twist drill when the slender hole is machined, and the labor intensity is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an elongated twist drill;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a drill-type three-dimensional structure of an extended twist drill;
FIG. 3-1 is a schematic view of a two-dimensional elongated twist drill configuration;
FIG. 3-2 is a top view of FIG. 3-1;
FIG. 3-3 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 3-1;
FIG. 3-4 is a cross-sectional view B-B of FIG. 3-1;
FIGS. 3-5 are cross-sectional views C-C of FIG. 3-1;
FIGS. 3-6 are cross-sectional views D-D of FIGS. 3-2;
fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an elongated twist drill.
Detailed Description
An elongated twist drill L1 for making elongated holes includes a shank portion L3 and a working portion L2, see fig. 1. The working part is provided with a spiral groove for chip removal along the axial direction, and the top part is provided with a cutting part L4 which comprises a drill point, a clearance face and a cutting edge. Compared with a standard twist drill, the drill type is greatly improved: the center of the top end of the cutting part is a diamond drill point, the tail end of the cutting part is two centrosymmetric chip separating surfaces, two rear cutter surfaces of the cutting part are provided with two centrosymmetric chip separating grooves, and the tail ends of the chip separating grooves are connected with the chip separating surfaces; each cutting edge is divided into an inner edge, an inner concave arc edge and an outer edge by a chip dividing groove, and an outer point is formed at the intersection of the inner concave arc edge and the outer edge; finally, a three-point six-edge drill type consisting of 2 external cutting edges, 2 internal cutting edges, 2 arc cutting edges, 2 external points and 1 diamond point is formed, and the structural schematic diagram is shown in figure 2. These optimizations improve the defects of standard twist drills when machining elongated holes.
(2) Geometrical parameters of multi-edge point twist drill
The processing performance of the twist drill with the three tips and the six edges is mainly controlled by the following geometric parameters, and the structural schematic diagram is shown in figures 3-1-3-6:
1) control parameters of the outer blade and the rear blade face: outer edge sharp angle 2 phi and outer edge back angle alphafOuter edge length b 1.
The angle 2 phi of the outer edge is about 120 degrees, which is a common angle of the twist drill, and the twist drill not only is easy to cut into a workpiece, but also does not influence the strength of the drill.
Relief angle alpha of outer edgefThe angle is about 20 degrees, and the angle is larger than the back angle of a standard twist drill at the outer circle, so that the friction force between the back tool face and the workpiece processing surface is reduced, the abrasion of a drill bit is reduced, and the surface quality of the workpiece is improved.
The length b1 of the outer edge is controlled according to the diameter d of the twist drill, and the size is 0.1-0.15 d.
2) Control parameters of the inner blade and the front blade face: the inner edge front angle 2 phi', the inner edge bevel angle tau, the inner edge front angle gamma, the inner edge length b2 and the drill point height h.
The inner edge sharp angle 2 phi' is about 112 degrees and is slightly smaller than the sharp angle of a standard twist drill, so that the centering and chip dividing performance can be improved, and the multi-edge sharp twist drill is applied to a parabolic trough type deep hole drill and is matched with a chip dividing groove and a chip dividing rotary surface, so that the multi-edge sharp twist drill is more suitable for drilling deep holes.
The internal cutting edge bevel tau is about 22.5 degrees, the strength of the drill point can be ensured, the geometric shape of the drill point is similar to a diamond cone, and the effect of punching is achieved, so that the drill can accurately center on the surface of a workpiece, and the centering performance is further improved.
The rake angle gamma of the inner edge is +5 degrees to-5 degrees, the drilling resistance at the inner edge is reduced, the chip deformation is small, and the chips of the inner edge can be smoothly discharged.
The length b2 of the inner edge is controlled according to the diameter d of the twist drill and is 0.15-0.2 d.
The height h of the drill point refers to the height of the diamond point and the outer point, and is controlled according to the diameter d of the twist drill, and the size is 0.08 d-0.1 d.
3) Control parameters of the arc blade and the rear cutter face are as follows: arc edge relief angle alphaRThe radius of the arc R.
Arc edge relief angle alphaRAbout 25 deg. and a specific relief angle alpha of the outer edgefSlightly larger.
The circular arc radius R is controlled according to the diameter d of the twist drill and is 0.1 d.
4) The chip separating surface is formed by grinding a tail root rotating point, is favorable for chip removal, is about 0.65d away from a drill tip position H, and has an angle kappa of about 30 degrees.
(3) Cutting performance analysis of multi-blade-point twist drill
Compared with a lengthened twist drill, the multi-edge-point twist drill has good cutting performance when actually machining a long and thin deep hole, and particularly has advantages in the aspects of chip breaking, chip removal and centering.
As shown in fig. 4, during drilling, the diamond tip E contacts the workpiece for accurate centering, and then the circular arc edge BD is cut into a convex circular rib on the cutting surface, so that the circular arc edge can be fixed, the drill bit is not easy to swing when rotating, and the centering and guiding effects of the drill bit are further increased. The drill type structure has reasonable stress distribution during cutting, and the hole is not easy to be deviated, thereby improving the size precision and the straightness of the drilled long and thin deep hole.
In order that the contents of the present invention will be more clearly understood, the following detailed description of the present invention is given according to specific embodiments thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A multi-point lengthened twist drill for processing 0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb stainless steel material has a diameter d of phi 3mm, a total length L1 of 150mm, a working portion length L2 of 100mm, a shank length L3 of 42mm, a cutting portion L4 of about 2mm, and High Speed Steel (HSS). The center of the top end of the cutting part is a diamond drill point, the tail end of the cutting part is two centrosymmetric chip separating surfaces, two rear cutter surfaces of the cutting part are provided with two centrosymmetric chip separating grooves, and the tail ends of the chip separating grooves are connected with the chip separating surfaces; each cutting edge is divided into an inner edge, an inner concave arc edge and an outer edge by a chip dividing groove, and an outer point is formed at the intersection of the inner concave arc edge and the outer edge; finally, a three-point six-edge drill type consisting of 2 external cutting edges, 2 internal cutting edges, 2 arc cutting edges, 2 external points and 1 diamond point is formed.
The angle 2 phi of the outer edge is about 120 degrees, and the angle alpha of the rear edge of the outer edgefAbout 20 deg., and the outer edge length b1 is about 0.4 mm.
The internal edge rake angle 2 Φ' is about 112 °, the internal edge bevel τ is about 22.5 °, the internal edge rake angle γ is about 0 °, the internal edge length b2 is about 0.5mm, and the drill tip height h is about 0.3 mm.
Arc edge relief angle alphaRAbout 25 deg., and the radius R of the arc is about 0.3 mm.
The chip-separating surface is formed by grinding the tail root at a rotating point, the distance H from the drill tip is about 2mm, and the angle kappa is about 30 DEG
When a slender hole with the depth of phi 3mm and the depth of 80mm is machined, a guide hole with the depth of phi 3mm is machined firstly, then the drilling is carried out by using the improved multi-edge-point lengthened twist drill, the machining precision is high, the speed is high, the split machining is not needed, and 20 workpieces can be machined once after the drill is trimmed. The processing mode greatly improves the processing efficiency of the elongated hole and the processing quality.
During drilling, the chip flow direction is perpendicular to the cutting edge, as shown in fig. 4, the chip flow direction of each point on the outer edge AB is perpendicular to the edge AB, the flow speed gradually decreases from the point a to the point B, and the chip flow directions of the left side and the right side are different at the point B, so that the point B is a chip dividing breakpoint. Similarly, point D is also a chip breaking point. Therefore, the original cutting edge is divided into 3 segments, and the cutting edges of the outer edge AB and the inner edge DE are short, so that the formed small and broken chips are easily discharged through the chip dividing grooves and the spiral grooves. The direction of flowing chips of each point on the circular arc edge BD is different, the chips flow along the normal direction of the circular arc edge BD, the chips are in a sector shape, and the chips are smoothly discharged through the chip dividing groove, the chip dividing surface and the spiral groove by narrower spiral chips in the process of natural curling in the machining process, so that the segmentation and chip breaking of the chips are guaranteed.
When the slender hole is machined, the tail turning point of the twist drill is the intersection point of three edges, so that chips are very easy to accumulate at the intersection point, the discharge of the chips is influenced, the hole wall of a workpiece can be extruded, the friction between the hole walls is increased, the cutting temperature is increased, and the machined surface roughness is deteriorated. The multi-edge tip twist drill grinds a transition plane at the rotating point of the tail root to form a chip dividing surface, and the chip dividing surface is connected with a chip dividing groove to avoid chip accumulation.
The chips are smoothly removed, the cutting fluid can be favorably flowed to a cutting area, the thermal abrasion is reduced, and the durability of the twist drill is improved.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that those matters not described in detail in the present specification are well known in the art.
Claims (1)
1. The utility model provides a processing elongated hole's extension fluted drill which characterized in that: comprises a handle part and a working part; the cutting part comprises a drill point, a rear cutter face and a cutting edge; the center of the top end of the cutting part is a diamond drill point, the tail end of the cutting part is two centrosymmetric chip separating surfaces, two rear cutter surfaces of the cutting part are provided with two centrosymmetric chip separating grooves, and the tail ends of the chip separating grooves are connected with the chip separating surfaces; each cutting edge is divided into an inner edge, an inner concave arc edge and an outer edge by a chip dividing groove, and an outer point is formed at the intersection of the inner concave arc edge and the outer edge; the cutting part forms a three-point six-edge drill type consisting of 2 external cutting edges, 2 internal cutting edges, 2 arc cutting edges, 2 external points and 1 diamond point;
the angle 2 phi of the outer edge is 120 degrees, and the angle alpha of the rear edgefThe outer blade length b1 is 0.1-0 when the angle is 20 degrees.15d, wherein d is the diameter of the twist drill;
the inner edge rake angle 2 phi' is 112 degrees, the inner edge bevel angle tau is 22.5 degrees, the inner edge rake angle gamma is +5 degrees to-5 degrees, the inner edge length b2 is 0.15d to 0.2d, the drill tip height h is 0.08d to 0.1d, and d is the diameter of the twist drill;
arc edge relief angle alphaRThe radius R of the circular arc is 0.1d, and d is the diameter of the twist drill;
the distance between the chip separating surface and the drill tip position H is about 0.65d, the angle k is 30 degrees, and d is the diameter of the twist drill;
during drilling, the diamond tip contacts a workpiece to be accurately centered, and then the circular arc edge cuts a convex circular rib on the cutting surface.
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| CN202010734205.8A CN112091288B (en) | 2020-07-27 | 2020-07-27 | Lengthened twist drill for processing elongated hole |
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| CN112091288B true CN112091288B (en) | 2021-12-07 |
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| CN114178590A (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-03-15 | 铣立(上海)切削技术有限公司 | Improved high-pressure common rail special drill bit |
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| CN105033328A (en) * | 2015-07-30 | 2015-11-11 | 北京理工大学 | Self-centering micro drill bit without chisel edge |
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