CN112086840B - 自润滑导电承载件 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种承载件,包括导电套筒和自润滑衬里,其中,导电套筒包括第一部分和第二部分,第一部分和第二部分分别具有内表面和外表面;自润滑衬里在导电套筒的第一部分的内表面上延伸以限定第一管状体积,该第一管状体积具有第一直径和第一纵向轴线;并且导电套筒的第二部分的内表面限定第二管状体积,第二管状体积具有与第一管状体积相同的直径和相同的纵向轴线。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种自润滑导电承载件。
背景技术
飞行器起落架组件可包括经由联接器或接头可移动地联接的结构部件。例如,前撑杆包括第一部件和第二部件,第一部件和第二部件使用销接头枢转地联接到彼此以允许撑杆折叠。销接头通常包括硬涂层的销(传统上是镀铬的,近来是高速氧燃料(HVOF)涂层),该销坐置抵靠牺牲磨损衬套(通常由铝青铜或不锈钢制成),该衬套容纳在联接的部件的配合凸耳内。
期望起落架在飞行器上的起落架附接点与轮子之间提供导电路径,以使静电能够释放并确保免受雷击。例如,在销接头中,导电路径由使用金属衬套和接头销之间的导电路径电气联接的结构部件形成。
最近,通常称为自润滑材料的低摩擦材料已经用于给接头衬套加衬里或涂覆接头衬套,以减少对接头定期润滑的需求。这些自润滑材料通常是不良导体,因此会失去由接头衬套、部件和销钉之间的金属与金属接触而确保的电气连结。
连结带是在联接的部件之间提供电流路径的一种途径。但是,连结带需要附连点和紧固件,并且可能引起其它设备的卡住。此外,连结带会引起过多的噪音并增加接头的复杂性,从而导致更高的维护水平。将要期望减轻这些问题。
GB 2410986A描述了一种导电的自润滑承载件系统,其包括配合结构和导电基底,其中,润滑材料6设置在导电基底的谷部内,使得润滑材料6与未涂覆并导电的部分平齐。
发明内容
根据本发明的第一方面,提供了一种承载件,该承载件包括导电套筒和自润滑衬里,其中,该导电套筒包括第一部分和第二部分,第一部分和第二部分分别具有内表面和外表面;自润滑衬里在导电套筒的第一部分的内表面上延伸以限定第一管状体积,该第一管状体积具有第一直径和第一纵向轴线;并且导电套筒的第二部分的内表面限定第二管状体积,第二管状体积具有与第一管状体积相同的直径和相同的纵向轴线。
有利地,根据本发明的第一方面的承载件在销接头的外表面和销之间提供导电路径,以电气联接通过销接头可移动地联接的结构部件。此外,根据本发明的第一方面的承载件减少了销接头上的润滑槽的需要,并且可以减小空间包络和总接头质量,从而导致改进的销接头。
导电套筒的第一部分的外表面可以比导电套筒的第二部分的外表面从第一纵向轴线径向延伸得更远。
导电套筒的第二部分可包括多个接触部段,这些接触部段突出远离第一部分并平行于第一纵向轴线,这些接触部段通过在导电套筒的第二部分中形成的间隙彼此分开。
承载件可以包括凸缘。凸缘可包括从导电套筒的一端径向延伸的凸缘本体。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种销接头组件,该销接头组件包括接头销;部件;以及根据上述方面的承载件,其中,接头销占据第一管状体积和第二管状体积,并且第一部分的外表面接触部件,使得该部件枢转地联接到接头销。
导电套筒的第二部分的外表面可以通过间隙与部件分开。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种飞行器起落架组件,该飞行器起落架组件包括一个或多个上述接头组件。
附图说明
现在将仅借助说明性示例并参考附图来描述本发明的一些实施例,附图中:
图1是包括连结带的已知的接头组件;
图2是根据本发明的实施例的承载件的剖视图;
图3是根据本发明的另一实施例的承载件的剖视图;
图4是具有包括本发明的实施例的起落架组件的飞行器的局部视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了已知的销接头100,该销接头包括接头销102和多个自润滑承载件。销接头100联接第一部件104和第二部件106,使得第一部件104能通过绕接头销102枢转而相对于第二部件106移动。第一部件104和第二部件106例如可以是侧撑杆、扭矩连杆、锁定连杆、转向架枢轴销、致动器附件或起落架中常见的其它类似部件的连杆。自润滑衬套(在图1中不可见)设置在接头销与第一部件104和第二部件106之间。自润滑衬套包括低摩擦材料,其减少或消除了对衬套进行定期润滑的需要。在已知销接头的其它布置中,第一部件和第二部件中的一个可以交叉螺栓连接到接头销,使得只有另一个部件可以相对于接头销移动。
自润滑衬套的低摩擦材料可能是不良的电导体。为了确保存在导电路径,静电释放或由雷击产生的电流可以通过该导电路径从第一部件104流到第二部件106,导电的连结带110通过第一带附连点112a联接到第一部件104,通过第二带附连点112b联接到第二部件106。连结带包括导电材料。附连点112a和112b构造成使电流能够从第一部件104通过连结带110流到第二部件106。
连结带经受许多缺点。例如,它们可能引起其它设备的卡住或可能引起起落架在展开期间“挂起”。此外,连结带会产生过多的噪音,并且附连点112a、112b可能需要螺栓和紧固件,这可能不利于部件104、106的结构完整性。连结带还增加了接头组件的复杂性,因此需要更高的维护。
图2示出了根据本发明的实施例的包括承载件200的销接头组件的横截面。承载件200是基本上管状的,并且包括导电套筒202和自润滑衬里208。承载件200布置在接头销(图2中未示出)与结构部件204的内表面之间,从而使得结构部件204绕接头销枢转,同时通过导电套筒202保持结构部件204和接头销之间的电气连接。
导电套筒202包括第一部分和第二部分,第一部分和第二部分邻近彼此。在该实施例中,导电套筒的第一部分的内表面206是管状的,但是在其它实施例中,该内表面206可以不是管状的,而是具有不均匀的形状,以例如改善衬里208到套筒的粘附性。导电套筒的第一部分的内表面206衬有或涂有自润滑材料层,该自润滑材料层形成了自润滑衬里208,该自润滑衬套208限定了第一管状体积214。
自润滑衬里208具有布置成接触接头销的内部管状表面,从而促进结构部件204围绕接头销的枢转运动。自润滑衬里208的内部管状表面具有第一直径A。
在该实施例中,导电套筒的第一部分的外表面210是管状表面,将该管状表面布置成接触并顺应结构部件204的表面。在其它实施例中,外表面210可以被成形为限定矩形直角棱柱、三角形直角棱柱或与结构部件204的表面形状相符的其它形状。
导电套筒的第二部分的内表面212是管状的,并且限定了第二管状体积216,第二管状体积216具有由自润滑衬里208的内表面限定的与第一管状体积214相同的直径A和相同的纵向轴线。在图2的实施例中,第二管状体积216邻近第一管状体积,但是在其它实施例中,自润滑衬里208的内表面和导电套筒的第二部分的内表面212在它们之间可具有间隙,从而在第一管状体积214和第二管状体积216之间产生间隙。
将承载件布置成使得在使用时,接头销占据第一管状体积214和第二管状体积216,并且存在从导电套筒的第一部分的外表面210到导电套筒的第二部分的内表面212的电流路径,从而将结构部件204电气联接到接头销。
较佳地,并且如图2所示,因为导电套筒的第一部分的外表面210比导电套筒的第二部分的外表面从第一管状体积214和第二管状体积216的纵向轴线径向延伸得更远,所以导电套筒的第二部分的外表面218不接触结构部件204,从而产生与第二部分的内表面212相对的底切凸部。换言之,导电套筒的第二部分成形为使得其内表面接触接头销,但是其外表面不接触结构部件204。底切凸部或凹部的存在为在使用中与接头销接触的导电套筒202的第二部分提供了少量柔性或弹性。这种柔性是有利的,因为这意味着在使用时,导电套筒的第二部分不承担全部承载件载荷,因为第二部分将略微弹性变形,使得由导电套筒的第一部分和自润滑衬里208承担全部承载件载荷。通过减小由套筒的无衬里的第二部分所承载的载荷,避免了导电套筒和接头销的不期望的磨损和/或划痕。在其它实施例中,导电套筒的第二部分的外表面218可以与导电套筒的第一部分的外表面210对准。
在图2的实施例中,承载件在一侧上包括凸缘220。凸缘220包括凸缘本体,该凸缘本体从导电套筒的端部径向延伸,并且布置成限制承载件200相对于接头销或结构部件204的轴向行进。其它实施例可以不具有凸缘。
在图2中示出了两个承载件,一个承载件是另一个的镜像。两个承载件都包括凸缘和与导电套筒的无衬里内表面相对的底切凸部。然而,在其它接头布置中,可能只有一个承载件,或者只有一个承载件可具有凸缘,或者只有一个承载件可具有底切凸部。在其它布置中,如上所述,可以有一个承载件,并且第二承载件可以缺少无衬里的第二部分,即第二承载件可以具有在导电套筒的整个内表面上延伸的自润滑衬里。技术人员将理解,以上的各种组合都是可能的。
图3示出了本发明的另一实施例。图3的承载件与图2的承载件基本相似。然而,在图3的实施例中,导电套筒的第二部分具有牙嵌形的(castellated)周缘,其具有多个接触部段322a、322b、322c,这些接触部段突出远离导电套筒的第一部分202并且平行于第一管状体积214和第二管状体积216的纵向轴线。接触部段322a、322b、322c通过形成在导电套筒的第二部分中的间隙324a、324b彼此分开。尽管在图3的实施例中,构件形成矩形的牙嵌形,但是在其它实施例中,它们可以形成锯齿形图案或任何其它类似的形状。这样,在图3的实施例中,导电套筒的第二部分形成开槽的环,与仅由凸形的底切部所提供的柔性相比,该开槽的环提供了套筒的第二部分的增强的柔性。
图4示出了具有起落架组件420的飞行器410的局部示意图,该起落架组件500包括主着陆支柱440、轮子430以及至少一个包括根据本发明的实施例的承载件的接头组件400。
先前讨论的自润滑衬里可以是用合成纤维增强的聚合物,该合成纤维可以包括连续纤维,比如碳、芳族聚酰胺、玻璃、PTFE、聚酯或它们的组合。自润滑衬里还可以包括诸如石墨之类含有环氧树脂的干润滑剂颗粒,以及PTFE纤维和碳纤维的连续编织混合物。技术人员将认识到,以上仅是示例,并且具有低摩擦特性的任何材料都可以代替它们使用。自润滑衬里可被注射到导电套筒的第一部分的内表面206上。
Claims (7)
1.一种承载件(200),包括导电套筒(202)和自润滑衬里(208),其中:
所述导电套筒(202)包括第一部分和第二部分,所述第一部分和所述第二部分分别具有内表面和外表面;
所述自润滑衬里在所述导电套筒的所述第一部分的所述内表面(206)上延伸以限定第一管状体积(214),所述第一管状体积具有第一直径(A)和第一纵向轴线;并且
所述导电套筒(202)的所述第二部分的所述内表面(212)限定第二管状体积(216),其中,当所述承载件(200)在使用中时,所述第二管状体积(216)具有与所述第一管状体积(214)相同的直径和相同的纵向轴线;
其特征在于,所述导电套筒的所述第一部分的所述外表面(210)比所述导电套筒的所述第二部分(218)的所述外表面从所述第一纵向轴线径向延伸得更远。
2.根据权利要求1所述的承载件(200),其特征在于,所述导电套筒的所述第二部分包括多个接触部段(322a、322b、322c),所述多个接触部段突出远离所述第一部分并且平行于所述第一纵向轴线,所述接触部段(322a、322b、322c)通过形成在所述导电套筒的所述第二部分中的间隙(324a、324b)彼此分开。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的承载件(200),其特征在于,包括凸缘(220)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的承载件(200),其特征在于,所述凸缘(220)包括从所述导电套筒的一端径向延伸的凸缘本体。
5.一种销接头组件,包括
接头销;
部件;以及
根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的承载件(200),
其中,接头销占据所述第一管状体积(214)和所述第二管状体积(216),并且,所述第一部分的所述外表面(210)接触所述部件,使得所述部件枢转地联接到所述接头销。
6.根据权利要求5所述的销接头组件,其特征在于,所述导电套筒的所述第二部分的所述外表面(218)通过间隙与所述部件分开。
7.一种飞行器起落架组件(420),包括一个或多个根据权利要求5或6所述的接头组件(400)。
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