CN112086756A - Multi-state mutual coupling suppression method for H-plane phase-controlled patch antenna array by integrated electric/magnetic alternative absorption - Google Patents
Multi-state mutual coupling suppression method for H-plane phase-controlled patch antenna array by integrated electric/magnetic alternative absorption Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q17/00—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems
- H01Q17/007—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems with means for controlling the absorption
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for realizing multi-state mutual coupling suppression of an H-plane phase-controlled patch antenna array by utilizing integrated electric/magnetic alternative absorption. The method achieves the purpose of obviously inhibiting the mutual coupling of the H-plane phased array in a non-scanning/one-wave beam scanning/difference beam multi-working state through the design of the working mode and the structural parameters of the wave-absorbing structure. Compared with an electromagnetic isolation method of a frequency selection device, the suppression method has small interference on the working frequency, standing waves and directional patterns of the antenna array; compared with the traditional material type wave-absorbing loading, the wave-absorbing structure is easy to install, low in cost and small in influence on the radiation efficiency and the gain performance of the antenna; compared with the conventional wave-absorbing design, the wave-absorbing structure can only carry out coupling inhibition on the working state of a specific antenna, and the coupling of the antenna in various working states can be effectively reduced by utilizing the alternating absorption design of electricity/magnetism. The resistance-loaded elliptical metal ring structure adopted by the invention realizes the mutual coupling inhibition of the array and the maintenance of the radiation performance of the array at the same time by designing the position relationship between the resistance-loaded elliptical metal ring structure and the electric field/current extreme value of the antenna. The wave-absorbing structure utilizes an alternating absorption design of electricity/magnetism, so that the antenna array can be effectively mutually coupled and restrained in a complex working state of any beam scanning.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of antennas (H05B6/72), in particular to a method for realizing multi-state mutual coupling suppression of an H-plane phase-controlled patch antenna array by integrated electric/magnetic alternative absorption.
Background
The antenna mutual coupling suppression technology is an important research content of an antenna array, and reduces the mutual coupling between antenna units of the array by means of filtering, wave absorption or metal isolation and the like. Among the antenna forms, the patch antenna has been widely used in an electromagnetic wave transceiver module of a communication system due to its advantages, and particularly, in a high-speed communication system such as 5G, the patch array has become a main implementation form of an antenna function. With the development of the related technology, the mutual coupling problem of the patch antenna array has gradually become a key problem of the antenna system, and the reduction of the radiation performance caused by the mutual coupling of the array can greatly affect the overall communication function. When the array operates in phased beam scanning, the problem of mutual coupling in the scanning state is more complex than that of a conventional array, and the mutual coupling suppression is more challenging. In the existing mutual coupling inhibition technology, a material type wave-absorbing loading method is utilized, and the problems of complex installation, high cost, large influence on the gain performance of an antenna and the like exist; the standing wave performance of the antenna can be influenced by using the filter structure, and the phased array beam scanning state cannot be adapted to; the traditional structural wave-absorbing loading method is single in working state, and only mutual coupling suppression during scanning of certain specific beams can be realized. These problems directly limit the development of phased array technology, and in the long run, they have more limited high-speed communication systems, especially for the development and implementation of future large-scale communication functions.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for realizing multi-state mutual coupling suppression of an H-plane phased patch antenna array by integrated electric/magnetic alternative absorption, which solves the problems of multiple disadvantages of the traditional mutual coupling suppression means such as wave absorption and filtering, and adapts to different working states of an antenna by using different working modes of a wave absorption structure, thereby realizing effective mutual coupling suppression of a phased array antenna system in multi-state working.
The invention provides an integrated electric/magnetic alternative wave-absorbing structure which comprises an elliptical annular metal micro-strip structure and a loading resistor, wherein the elliptical annular metal micro-strip structure is positioned between array radiation patches, receives mutual coupling energy between the patches and excites electric/magnetic induction current on the patches; the loading resistor is a patch type resistor, is connected with the elliptical ring to form a closed loop, and absorbs induced current on the ring, so that the dissipation of mutual coupling electromagnetic energy is realized.
The antenna is further improved, the elliptical annular metal micro-strip structure is printed on a dielectric plate, the elliptical annular metal micro-strip structure and the radiating patches of the H-face array are positioned on the same copper-clad layer, and a copper-clad back plate is printed on the lower layer of the dielectric plate, so that the height of the antenna section is not increased by the restraining structure.
The further improvement is that the elliptical ring-shaped metal micro-strip structure is elliptical ring-shaped, the center of the elliptical ring-shaped metal micro-strip structure is superposed with the center of the array, and the elliptical structure is not directly connected with the radiation patch, for example, the distance between the elliptical ring structure and the center of the E surface of the patch is the nearest so as to enhance the electric absorption strength in the non-scanning state; meanwhile, the positions of the two ends of the surface E of the patch are farthest away, so that the influence on the radiation performance of the array is reduced.
In a further improvement, the elliptic annular metal microstrip structure is provided with two symmetrical gaps at the central line of the plane E for welding the loading resistor, for example, the electric absorption strength of the resistor in a non-scanning state can be enhanced, and the size of the gap is determined according to the selected resistor packaging size.
In a further improvement, the size of the E surface of the elliptical annular metal microstrip structure should be equal to or greater than the length of the radiation patch in the direction of the E surface, for example, the magnetic absorption strength in the differential beam working state can be enhanced.
The loading resistor is welded at a gap of the elliptical micro-strip structure and connected with the elliptical micro-strip ring to dissipate electromagnetic energy induced to the elliptical annular metal micro-strip structure.
Further improved, the loading resistors are arranged on two sides of the central line of the H surface of the elliptical annular metal microstrip structure, so that induced current in a general beam scanning state can be absorbed in an unbalanced manner, and mutual coupling suppression of multiple states of the array is realized.
The invention also provides a method for realizing multi-state mutual coupling suppression of the H-plane phase-controlled patch antenna array by integrated electric/magnetic alternative absorption, which comprises the following steps:
1) under the non-scanning working state of the array, the characteristic that the patch units are in the same phase is utilized, the wave-absorbing structure is subjected to electric induction through the radiation current, parasitic current is excited on the wave-absorbing structure, and the energy is absorbed by means of a loading resistor, so that the electric absorption mutual coupling inhibition of the array under the non-scanning state is realized;
2) under the working state of array difference wave beams, magnetic induction current is excited on the annular metal structure through a radiated alternating magnetic field by utilizing the characteristic of the reverse phase of the patch unit, and the energy is absorbed by virtue of a loading resistor, so that the array cross coupling inhibition of magnetic absorption under the state of difference wave beams is achieved;
3) under the common beam scanning working state of the array, the induced current is decomposed into two component forms of current and a magnetic field, and the mutual coupling electromagnetic energy of the array is dissipated through unbalanced absorption of loading resistors on two sides, so that the mutual coupling suppression of the array under any scanning state is realized.
Further improved, the integrated electric/magnetic alternative absorption realizes effective mutual coupling suppression of the H-plane antenna array under multi-state work such as non-scanning/difference beam/common beam scanning by using different absorption modes of the same structure.
The integrated electric/magnetic alternative absorption adopts an elliptical metal micro-strip structure, the structure is enabled to be closest to the position of the patch current extreme point by adjusting the relative position of the structure and the array so as to enhance the electric induction current intensity of the structure, and meanwhile, the structure is enabled to be farthest from the position of the patch electric field extreme point so as to reduce the influence on the radiation performance of the array.
Further improved, the integrated electric/magnetic alternative absorption adopts a closed annular metal micro-strip structure, and the magnetic field of the array in the differential wave beam working state fully passes through the closed loop by adjusting the caliber of the metal micro-strip structure, so that the magnetic absorption of the array mutual coupling energy is realized, and the mutual coupling inhibition in the differential wave beam state is achieved.
Further improved, the integrated electric/magnetic alternative absorption decomposes the induced current in a general beam scanning state into two component forms of electric/magnetic induction, for example, the resistors on the two sides can carry out unbalanced absorption on the induced current, and array coupling suppression in any working state is achieved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. mutual coupling suppression of the array under multiple working states is achieved through different wave absorbing modes of the same structure.
2. The suppression structure can be printed with the antenna simultaneously, and the process does not need to be increased, thereby reducing the structure and adding the complexity of establishing, reducing and adding the cost of establishing, reducing the installation space of suppression structure.
3. The suppressing structure and the radiating patch are printed on the same copper-clad layer, so that the section height of the antenna is not increased.
4. An elliptical annular metal microstrip structure is introduced, the relative position relationship between the elliptical annular metal microstrip structure and the array is designed, the mutual coupling suppression effect in a non-scanning working state is enhanced, and meanwhile, the influence of the suppression structure on the radiation performance of the antenna is reduced.
5. By introducing the closed annular metal structure, the magnetic absorption under the working state of the difference wave beams is realized, and the mutual coupling inhibition under the state of the difference wave beams is achieved.
6. The suppression structure can realize double-resistor alternate absorption in a common beam scanning state, and achieve mutual coupling suppression of the array in any working state.
7. The integrated electric/magnetic alternative absorption device is simple in structure, the calculation complexity of related design is simplified, and the design difficulty of array suppression is reduced from a mechanism level.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows an H-plane phased patch antenna array without a mutual coupling suppression device.
Fig. 2 is an H-plane phased patch antenna array with an integrated electric/magnetic alternative absorption device.
Figure 3 is a comparison of the mutual coupling/reflection/radiation pattern performance of the array in the non-scanning operating state.
Figure 4 is a comparison of mutual coupling/reflection/radiation pattern performance for poor beam operation of the array.
Figure 5 is a comparison of mutual coupling/reflection/radiation pattern performance for the general beam scanning state of the array.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description. Referring to fig. 1, in an embodiment of the present invention, in which the integrated electro/magnetic alternative absorption implements a multi-state mutual coupling suppression method for an H-plane phased patch antenna array, the antenna array is arranged along the x direction (H plane) and is composed of identical radiating elements 1 and 2. The radiation unit is in a back feed patch antenna mode, the radiation patch of the radiation unit is printed on the upper copper-clad surface of the dielectric substrate 3, and the metal back plate is printed on the lower copper-clad surface of the dielectric substrate 3. The antenna is polarized in the y-direction. The array works in three working states of non-scanning, differential beam and general beam scanning, and the feed phase is regulated and controlled by the length of the transmission line of the feed source respectively, so that the phase difference value of 1 and 2 antennas is 0 degree, 90 degrees and 180 degrees. The mutual coupling suppression structure functions to reduce the transmission coefficient between the radiating patch elements 1 and 2 while maintaining the radiation performance of the antenna array. In this embodiment, the suppression structure is used to suppress mutual coupling of the arrays in the form of patch antennas, and in other applications, coupling suppression in the form of other antennas may also be implemented. The specific method is that the current and magnetic field states of the antenna in different states are inspected, the current coupling is utilized to realize the electric induction of the structure, the magnetic field coupling is utilized to realize the magnetic induction of the structure, and the resistance absorption of the induced current is utilized to realize the mutual coupling suppression of the antenna array. Such methods are based on the conventional design concept of the present invention, and therefore, should also fall within the scope of the present invention. In this embodiment, the wave-absorbing structure suppresses mutual coupling of the H-plane array, and in other applications, mutual coupling suppression of the E-plane array or arrays in other directions can also be achieved. The specific method comprises the following steps: (1) establishing a corresponding dual structure by using a dual principle to realize the mutual coupling suppression of the E-plane array; (2) and carrying out array electric/magnetic/current analysis, and obtaining a corresponding mutual coupling suppression structure by utilizing the electromagnetic induction relationship between the analysis result and the structure. The method is based on the basic electromagnetic principle, and the design can be easily obtained by using the method provided by the invention, so the method also belongs to the protection scope of the invention. In the embodiment, different absorption modes of the same structure are utilized to integrally design different radiation characteristics of the array correspondingly, and in other applications, multi-mode design of multi-state operation of other electromagnetic characteristics can be integrally performed. The specific method comprises the steps of analyzing the electric/magnetic/current characteristic representation of the electromagnetic characteristic, further constructing the corresponding relation with the structural mode characteristic, and further establishing the cooperative working scheme of the mode and the electromagnetic characteristic. The method directly utilizes the design idea of the method provided by the invention, and therefore, the method also belongs to the protection scope of the invention.
The integrated electric/magnetic alternative absorption device according to the present embodiment is composed of an elliptical ring-shaped metal microstrip structure 4 and a loading resistor 5, as shown in fig. 2. The elliptical ring-shaped metal microstrip structure 4 is printed on the metal copper-clad layer on the same layer as the radiation patches 1 and 2, and the center of the elliptical ring-shaped metal microstrip structure coincides with the center of the array. And symmetrical gaps on two sides of the axis of the oval ring-shaped H surface are used for welding the loading resistor 5. Two same resistors 5 are respectively welded at the gaps at the two sides of the elliptical ring 4 and form a closed loop with the elliptical ring 4. For example, mutual coupling electromagnetic energy of the radiating patches 1 and 2 is induced to the elliptical ring-shaped metal microstrip structure 4 by a current/magnetic form, and an induced current is formed thereon. The induced current is dissipated by the loading resistor 5 to form integrated electric/magnetic absorption, and array mutual coupling inhibition is realized. In this embodiment, the resistor is used as a dissipation device for the induced current, and in other applications, a dissipative device such as a dissipative coating or a wave-absorbing material may be used for attenuating the induced current. The specific method is that the lossy material is coated or connected with the elliptical annular metal microstrip structure 4 through a metal structure, so that the current on the microstrip structure is attenuated, and the effect of array cross coupling inhibition is achieved. The method is a more conventional design idea, and the design can be easily obtained based on the method provided by the invention, so the method also belongs to the protection scope of the invention.
Under the non-scanning working state of the array, the currents of the radiation patches 1 and 2 are in the same phase, the extreme point of the current along the E surface direction is located at the midpoint, and the distance between the elliptical annular metal microstrip structure 4 and the position is the closest, so that the optimal electric absorption effect can be obtained; meanwhile, the extreme values of the electric fields of the radiation patches 1 and 2 are positioned on two sides of the patches along the E-plane direction, and the elliptical annular metal microstrip structure 4 is farthest away from the position, so that the influence of the suppression structure on the radiation performance of the antenna can be reduced. In this embodiment, an elliptical ring-shaped wave-absorbing structure printed at a central position is selected as a device for receiving the electric induction energy of the radiation patches 1 and 2, and in other applications, the shape and position of the wave-absorbing structure are adjusted according to different current/electric field environments, so that effective suppression of array cross coupling can be realized. The specific method comprises the steps of analyzing the current/electric field extreme value of the radiation unit, adjusting the position relation between the wave-absorbing structure and the wave-absorbing structure, determining the corresponding structure appearance and position, and achieving the optimal working effect. Such design is based on the proposed method and shall also fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
In the differential beam working state of the array, the radiation patches 1 and 2 have a phase difference of 180 °, for example, the magnetic fields excited by the two patches are superposed in phase at the central line of the array along the direction of the H-plane, which is the magnetic field extreme point. The magnetic field is an alternating magnetic field, so that magnetic induction current can be excited on the elliptical annular metal microstrip structure 4, and energy dissipation is performed through the loading resistor 5. The length of the elliptical ring-shaped metal microstrip structure 4 in the direction of the plane E should be equal to or greater than the length of the radiating patches 1 and 2 in the direction of the plane E to obtain sufficient magnetic induction energy. It should be noted that, in the present embodiment, the elliptical ring-shaped microstrip structure printed at the center position is used as the device for receiving the magnetic induction energy of the radiation patches 1 and 2, and in other applications, other suitable closed structures may be selected according to the magnetic field characteristics in the differential beam state.
Under the general beam scanning operating state of the array, the radiation patches 1 and 2 have a phase difference of 90 degrees, for example, the induced current on the elliptical annular metal microstrip structure 4 has two induced components of electricity and magnetism, and the induced current can be dissipated in a non-balanced manner by the loading resistors 5 on the two sides, so that the mutual coupling suppression of the array under any operating state is realized. It is worth mentioning that the radiation effect when the phase difference of 90 ° is selected as an example of the general beam scanning state in the present embodiment, and in other applications, the structure has an excellent suppression effect on any radiation state realized by any phase difference.
The design steps of the integrated electric/magnetic alternative absorption structure are divided into two processes of magnetic induction and electric induction, and the specific method comprises the following steps: firstly, analyzing the distribution of a magnetic field under the working state of a differential wave beam, and constructing an annular metal micro-strip structure to enable the magnetic field to penetrate through the annular structure as far as possible; secondly, analyzing the current/electric field condition of the radiation device in a non-scanning working state to enable the annular structure to be closest to a current extreme point and farthest from a radiation field excitation area; and finally, setting the position and the resistance value of the loading resistor according to the strength of the induction current.
The design effect is shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5, under three working states of the array, the mutual coupling between the radiation patches 1 and 2 is well inhibited, and the mutual coupling amplitude is reduced by 10 dB. At the same time, the radiation performance of the array, including the reflection of the radiating patches and the array radiation pattern, is unaffected. The mutual coupling suppression of the integrated electromagnetic alternative absorption H-plane antenna array in multiple working states is realized.
While the invention has been described in terms of its preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An integral type electricity/magnetism alternate wave absorbing device which characterized in that: the device comprises an elliptical annular metal microstrip structure and a loading resistor, wherein the elliptical annular metal microstrip structure is positioned between H-plane array units and used for sensing mutual coupling energy among radiation patches, and two symmetrical gaps are formed on two sides of an H-plane axis of the elliptical annular metal microstrip structure and used for welding the loading resistor; the loading resistor is welded at the gap of the elliptical annular metal micro-strip structure and is connected with the elliptical micro-strip structure to form a closed loop for attenuating induced current on the loading resistor and dissipating mutual coupling energy between the patches.
2. The integrated electric/magnetic alternative wave absorbing device according to claim 1, wherein: the elliptical annular metal micro-strip structure is printed on the dielectric plate and is positioned on the same copper-clad layer with the radiation patches of the H-plane array, and the copper-clad back plate is printed on the lower layer of the dielectric plate.
3. The integrated electric/magnetic alternative wave absorbing device according to claim 1, wherein: the elliptical ring-shaped metal micro-strip structure is elliptical ring-shaped, the center of the elliptical ring-shaped metal micro-strip structure coincides with the center of the array, and the length of the E surface is equal to or larger than the size of the patch.
4. The integrated electric/magnetic alternative wave absorbing device according to claim 1, wherein: the elliptic annular metal microstrip structure is provided with two symmetrical gaps at the central line of the plane E for welding the loading resistor, and the size of the gaps is determined according to the selected resistor packaging size.
5. The integrated electric/magnetic alternative wave absorbing device according to claims 1 and 4, wherein: the loading resistor is welded at a gap formed in the elliptical micro-strip structure and is connected with the elliptical micro-strip structure to form a closed loop, and the resistance value and the power capacity of the loading resistor are specifically determined according to the induced current and the power capacity of the antenna.
6. A multi-state mutual coupling suppression method for realizing an H-plane phase-controlled patch antenna array by utilizing integrated electric/magnetic alternative absorption is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) under the non-scanning working state of the array, the characteristic that the patch units are in the same phase is utilized, the wave-absorbing structure is subjected to electric induction through the radiation current, parasitic current is excited on the wave-absorbing structure, and the energy is absorbed by means of a loading resistor, so that the electric absorption mutual coupling inhibition of the array under the non-scanning state is realized;
2) under the working state of array difference wave beams, magnetic induction current is excited on the annular metal structure through a radiated alternating magnetic field by utilizing the characteristic of the reverse phase of the patch unit, and the energy is absorbed by virtue of a loading resistor, so that the array cross coupling inhibition of magnetic absorption under the state of difference wave beams is achieved;
3) under the common beam scanning working state of the array, the induced current is decomposed into two component forms of current and a magnetic field, and the mutual coupling electromagnetic energy of the array is dissipated through unbalanced absorption of loading resistors on two sides, so that the mutual coupling suppression of the array under any scanning state is realized.
7. The method for realizing multi-state mutual coupling suppression of the H-plane phased patch antenna array by integrated electric/magnetic alternative absorption according to claim 6, characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method utilizes different absorption modes of the same structure to realize effective mutual coupling suppression of the H-plane antenna array under the multi-state working conditions of non-scanning/differential beam/general beam scanning and the like.
8. The method for realizing the multi-state mutual coupling suppression of the H-plane phased patch antenna array by integrated electric/magnetic alternative absorption according to claims 6 and 7, is characterized in that: the distance between the elliptical annular metal micro-strip structure and the current extreme point of the radiation patch is minimum, so that the mutual coupling suppression effect in a non-scanning state is improved; the elliptical annular metal micro-strip structure is farthest away from an electric field extreme point so as to reduce the influence of the structure on the array radiation performance.
9. The method for realizing the multi-state mutual coupling suppression of the H-plane phased patch antenna array by integrated electric/magnetic alternative absorption according to claims 6 and 7, is characterized in that: the elliptical annular metal micro-strip structure and the loading resistor form a closed loop, and when the differential wave beam works, magnetic fields excited on the radiation patches on two sides are superposed in phase and penetrate through the closed loop, so that magnetic induction loop current for resistor absorption is obtained, and absorption and inhibition of cross-coupling electromagnetic energy are achieved.
10. The method for realizing the multi-state mutual coupling suppression of the H-plane phased patch antenna array by the integrated electric/magnetic alternative absorption according to claims 6-9, characterized in that: in a common wave beam scanning state, induced current on the elliptical annular metal micro-strip structure can be decomposed into two components of current and magnetic induction, currents on two sides of a central axis of the H surface have the characteristic of non-in-phase, and effective dissipation of mutual coupling electromagnetic energy is realized through unbalanced absorption of resistors on two sides, so that mutual coupling inhibition of the array in any scanning state is achieved.
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