CN112086668A - Multiphase load changing method for starting and stopping fuel cell - Google Patents
Multiphase load changing method for starting and stopping fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN112086668A CN112086668A CN202011021276.XA CN202011021276A CN112086668A CN 112086668 A CN112086668 A CN 112086668A CN 202011021276 A CN202011021276 A CN 202011021276A CN 112086668 A CN112086668 A CN 112086668A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/70—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by fuel cells
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04303—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during shut-down
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of fuel cells, in particular to a multiphase load changing method for starting and stopping a fuel cell, and provides four basic multiphase auxiliary load changing forms which are used for changing the history of load change along with time, wherein a large load + a linear descending load, a two-phase step load, a linear descending load + a small load and a three-phase load are respectively designed, and one or more of the 4 load changing forms are combined to fit the cathode side air consumption process in the fuel cell starting and stopping pressure reduction process, so that the extra performance attenuation caused by the connection of the auxiliary load is avoided, and the durability and the service life of the fuel cell are improved. The control strategy in the multi-phase load change mode can flexibly regulate and control the pressure reduction time of the fuel cell by adjusting the parameters of the multi-phase load, and provides greater control freedom for the pressure reduction time of the fuel cell under the specific requirement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fuel cells, in particular to a multiphase load change method for starting and stopping a fuel cell.
Background
The fuel cell has the advantages of high energy conversion efficiency, environmental friendliness, high starting speed and the like, and is considered to be an ultimate solution for vehicles. Development schemes are proposed for governments and enterprises in various countries, such as the fuel cell partnership project (CaFCP) in california, europe for clean transportation (cut), japan for hydrogen energy and fuel cell automobile demonstration project (JHFC), etc.
However, the current disadvantages of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC), such as high manufacturing cost, short lifespan, and poor stability, prevent large-scale commercial promotion and application of PEMFCs, which have great challenges in durability due to their harsh and unfavorable operating conditions and transients occurring during normal driving of vehicles. Hydrogen-based fuel cell power transmission systems for electric vehicles must achieve high durability while maintaining high power efficiency and fuel economy to reach the range and life of internal combustion engine vehicles. This technology also requires meeting cost targets to enable a fuel cell vehicle (FCEV) to be commercially successful.
The durability of the fuel cell is greatly influenced by working conditions, and particularly, the durability of the fuel cell for the vehicle is permanently damaged when the fuel cell for the vehicle frequently undergoes a starting and stopping working condition or is started after long-time stopping. For a vehicle-mounted fuel cell engine, various different forms of working conditions, such as start-stop working conditions and the like, can be frequently experienced. Research results show that the start-stop working condition has great influence on the service life of the fuel cell and is only second to the variable load working condition.
Patent CN101159334A published in 4.9.2008 proposes a method for prolonging the service life of a fuel cell, which is to install a nitrogen solenoid valve and a bottle filled with nitrogen in front of an anode inlet of the fuel cell. Before the fuel cell is started, firstly electrifying a nitrogen electromagnetic valve, sending nitrogen to an anode cavity of the fuel cell, discharging air permeated in the anode cavity, and then closing the nitrogen electromagnetic valve; when the fuel cell stops working, the working electromagnetic valve is closed, the nitrogen electromagnetic valve is opened, nitrogen is sent into the anode cavity of the fuel cell, and residual hydrogen in the anode cavity is discharged. Effectively preventing the contact reaction of the hydrogen in the anode cavity and the permeated air and improving the starting and stopping durability of the fuel cell. However, the method requires an additional nitrogen gas cylinder and an electromagnetic valve, which increases the structural complexity of the fuel cell device.
Patent CN103259031B published on 9/30/2015 provides a start-up and shut-down control method for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The method is characterized in that a modularized discharge circuit and an air purging device are added on the basis of an original fuel cell system for control, the whole fuel cell stack is divided into a plurality of cell modules, each cell module is connected with a modularized discharge circuit formed by connecting a control switch, an auxiliary load and a crystal diode in series, each discharge circuit and a main load circuit are connected to two ends of a cathode and an anode of a fuel cell in parallel, the control switch controls the connection of the auxiliary load, and the crystal diode controls the conducting voltage of the whole discharge circuit; the method effectively realizes the safe start and stop of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell system, but the method has more components, and the load form is a single-form auxiliary load, namely, a constant-value load is connected when the fuel cell is stopped, so that the method cannot completely fit the internal gas consumption process when the fuel cell is stopped. The commonly used fixed load may cause air starvation and reversal of the fuel cell during the late stages of the auxiliary load connection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a multiphase variable load mode aiming at the starting and stopping working conditions of the fuel cell, aims to fit the cathode side air consumption process in the stopping and pressure reducing process of the fuel cell, avoids the additional performance attenuation caused by air starvation and reversal of the connection auxiliary load, improves the durability and the service life of the fuel cell, and provides more flexible stopping and pressure reducing time.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a multiphase load change method for starting and stopping a fuel cell is disclosed, wherein the multiphase load change is composed of a plurality of loads with different attributes, and the loads change along the time course, and the method specifically comprises one or more of the following 4 methods: high-order load + linear descending load, two-phase step load, linear descending load + low-order load, and three-phase load.
Load connection means that the cathode and anode after shutdown are connected with an auxiliary load to consume oxygen at the cathode side and only leave nitrogen, and a hydrogen/air interface is not caused at the anode side when the next startup/shutdown cycle starts, so that the carbon carrier of the cathode catalytic layer is protected from being corroded during the startup process. The multiphase variable load is realized by changing the type of the load, the initial value of the fixed load, the initial value of the linear load, the connection time of the fixed load and the linear descending time of the load, the load value of the first phase of the multiphase variable load is set to be larger and bears most of the gas consumption task, and the descending load of the multiphase variable load is the gas diffusion layer of the consumed battery and the residual oxygen attached to the catalyst layer, so that the oxygen in the fuel battery is ensured to be exhausted, and the generation of a hydrogen/air interface in the next starting process is further prevented.
The two-phase auxiliary load mode of high-order load + linear descending load is that a load of 100-300 mA/cm2 is connected after the machine is shut down, the load linearly descends to 0 after 5-15 s, and finally the load is unloaded.
The two-phase step load control strategy specifically comprises the steps of connecting a high-level load of 100-300 mA/cm2 after shutdown, keeping the sudden change of the load to be a low-level load of 0-100 mA/cm2 instantly after a platform period of 1-5 s, and unloading after the platform period of 5-15 s.
The specific form of the linear descending load and low-level load control strategy is that after shutdown, the linear descending load is connected until the low-level load reaches 0-100 mA/cm2, and then the load is unloaded after the load platform is maintained for 5-15 s.
The three-phase load control strategy specifically refers to unloading after a combination form of different sequences of a high-order load with a platform period of 1-5 s, a low-order load with a platform period of 5-15 s and a linear load with a platform period of 5-15 s.
The invention has the advantages that: (1) the auxiliary load after shutdown consumes oxygen on the cathode side and only contains nitrogen, so that a hydrogen/air interface cannot be caused on the anode side when the next startup/shutdown cycle starts, and the carbon carrier of the cathode catalytic layer is protected from corrosion in the startup process.
(2) After the auxiliary load is connected in the shutdown process, the reaction gas in the fuel cell is gradually less, the gas consumption process is slow firstly and then fast in the shutdown process, the demand on the discharge load is also gradually reduced, and the load is required to be continuously reduced along with the shutdown. The invention is more suitable for the cathode side air consumption process in the fuel cell start-stop depressurization process, avoids the air starvation and extra performance attenuation caused by the reversal due to the connection of the auxiliary load, and improves the durability and the service life of the fuel cell.
(3) The control strategy in the multi-phase load-changing mode can flexibly regulate and control the pressure reduction time of the fuel cell by adjusting the parameters of the multi-phase load, and provides greater control freedom for the pressure reduction time of the fuel cell under the specific requirement.
(4) The auxiliary load mode is simple for the vehicle proton exchange membrane fuel cell system, and the control mode can be integrated on the vehicle control system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an example of a heavy load + linear down load control method;
FIG. 2 shows an example of a two-phase step load control method;
FIG. 3 shows an example of a linear down load + low-order load control method;
FIG. 4 is an example of a three-phase load control method;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a temporary shutdown-startup cycle of a fuel cell unprotected load shutdown strategy;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a temporary shutdown-startup cycle of a two-phase auxiliary load shutdown strategy for a fuel cell;
fig. 7 is a graph comparing voltage response over time for a single shutdown for the unprotected control group and the two-phase auxiliary load group.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A multiphase load change method for starting and stopping a fuel cell is disclosed, wherein the multiphase load change is composed of a plurality of loads with different attributes, and the loads change along the time course, and the method specifically comprises one or more of the following 4 methods: high-order load + linear descending load; two-phase step load; linear decreasing load + low order load; three-phase load.
Example 1
Fig. 1 shows a control method of high-order load + linear decreasing load in the multiphase load changing method, where the adjustable change parameters of the auxiliary load form are: an initial high-order load value, a high-order load time, and a load linear fall time.
Example 2
Fig. 2 shows a two-phase step load control method in the multiphase load change method, where the adjustable change parameters of the auxiliary load form are: high order load, high order load time, low order load and low order load time.
Example 3
Fig. 3 shows a linear decreasing load + low-order load control strategy in the multiphase load changing method, where the adjustable change parameters of the auxiliary load form are: high order load, high order load time, low order load and low order load time.
Example 4
Fig. 4 is an example of a three-phase control strategy in the multiphase load-varying method, where the adjustable variation parameters of the auxiliary load are: high order load, high order load time, medium order load time, low order load and low order load time.
As shown in fig. 5, when the fuel cell is shut down, the gas consumption process is slow first and then fast, the demand for discharging the load is gradually reduced, and the load should be continuously reduced along with the shutdown. As shown in fig. 6, the linear two-phase auxiliary load is switched in during the shutdown process, and is reduced to the low-level load for a certain time. The reaction gas in the fuel cell is gradually less, the two-phase auxiliary load strategy is more in accordance with the cathode side air consumption process in the fuel cell start-stop depressurization process, the phenomenon of air starvation and extra performance attenuation caused by reversal due to connection of the auxiliary load is avoided, the durability of the fuel cell is improved, and the service life of the fuel cell is prolonged.
FIG. 7 is an enlarged comparison graph of the time course of the voltage drop of the unprotected control group and the two-phase auxiliary load group with time, and it can be seen that the battery voltage of the unprotected control group drops slowly and quickly with time after shutdown, and the voltage drops to 0.1V for about 160 s; the two-phase auxiliary load strategy has the advantages that cathode oxygen is quickly consumed by the initial high-order load, the voltage drop speed is higher, the voltage is reduced to 0.1V from the open-circuit voltage for about 20s after the shutdown, the voltage drop speed is reduced when the two-phase auxiliary load strategy is used for connecting the low-order load, and air starvation caused by connecting the auxiliary load can be avoided.
Claims (6)
1. The multiphase load changing method for starting and stopping the fuel cell is characterized in that the multiphase load changing method is composed of a plurality of loads with different attributes, and the loads change along the time course, and the multiphase load changing method specifically comprises one or more of the following 4 methods: high-order load + linear descending load, two-phase step load, linear descending load + low-order load and three-phase load.
2. The multiphase load changing method for starting and stopping the fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the value range of the high-level load is 100-300 mA/cm2The value range of the low-level load is 0-100 mA/cm2The high-order load can be maintained for a period of time, the platform period range is 1-10 s, the low-order load can be maintained for a period of time, the platform period range is 5-20 s, the time history of the change from the high-order load to the low-order load is characterized by linear or step mutation, and the time history of the linear change is characterized by 3-15 s.
3. The multiphase load changing method for starting and stopping the fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the two-phase auxiliary load form of the high-order load and the linear descending load is that a platform period is connected after shutdown and is 1-10 s and 100-300 mA/cm2After 3-20 s, the load linearly decreases to 0, and finally the load is unloaded.
4. The multiphase load change method for starting and stopping the fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the control strategy of the two-phase step load is to connect a load of 100-300 mA/cm after shutdown2The high-order load of (1) is maintained for 1-10 s, and then the sudden change property of the load is instantly reduced to 0-100 mA/cm2The load is unloaded after the platform period is 5-20 s.
5. The multiphase load change method for starting and stopping the fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the multiphase load change method is characterized in thatThe control strategy of the linearly-reduced load and the low-order load is to connect the linearly-reduced load after shutdown until the linearly-reduced load reaches 0-100 mA/cm2And (5) unloading the low-level load after the load platform is maintained for 5-20 s.
6. The multiphase load change method for starting and stopping the fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the control strategy of the three-phase load is unloaded after a combination form of three different sequences of a high-order load with a platform period of 1-10 s after shutdown, a low-order load with a platform period of 5-20 s and a linear load with a platform period of 3-15 s.
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Citations (7)
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| US20060257698A1 (en) * | 2003-08-25 | 2006-11-16 | Tetsuhiro Ishikawa | Fuel cell system and electric vehicle including the fuel cell system |
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| JP2017016973A (en) * | 2015-07-06 | 2017-01-19 | 三菱自動車工業株式会社 | Control device for fuel battery |
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2020
- 2020-09-25 CN CN202011021276.XA patent/CN112086668B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
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| US20060257698A1 (en) * | 2003-08-25 | 2006-11-16 | Tetsuhiro Ishikawa | Fuel cell system and electric vehicle including the fuel cell system |
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| US20190052094A1 (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2019-02-14 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Methods of advanced grid and microgrid support functionalities through hybrid fuel cell systems |
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