CN112086307A - Preparation method of in-situ synthesized WC reinforced WCu moving arc contact surface layer - Google Patents
Preparation method of in-situ synthesized WC reinforced WCu moving arc contact surface layer Download PDFInfo
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- CN112086307A CN112086307A CN202010806656.8A CN202010806656A CN112086307A CN 112086307 A CN112086307 A CN 112086307A CN 202010806656 A CN202010806656 A CN 202010806656A CN 112086307 A CN112086307 A CN 112086307A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
- H01H11/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts
- H01H11/048—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts by powder-metallurgical processes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
- H01H11/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of an in-situ synthesized WC reinforced WCu moving arc contact surface layer, which is implemented by the following steps: step 1, preparing a WCu composite material; step 2, processing the WCu composite material prepared in the step 1 into a WCu matrix with a certain specification, annularly arranging a plurality of holes in the Z-axis direction of the cross section of the WCu matrix, and inserting a graphite rod into the holes to obtain a graphite rod/WCu precursor; step 3, vertically placing the graphite rod/WCu precursor obtained in the step 2 in a zirconia ark, then placing the zirconia ark in a horizontal tube furnace under the protection of argon atmosphere for diffusion carbonization, and cooling to obtain the WCu composite material with the WC reinforced phase in a columnar structure and with the distribution gradient strengthened; step 4, processing the WCu composite material with the WC reinforcing phase obtained in the step 3, which is in a columnar structure and is distributed and gradient-reinforced into a round sleeve; the arc erosion resistance, the high-temperature strength and the wear resistance of the surface layer of the WCu moving arc contact are improved, and the integral conductivity of the WCu moving arc contact is not changed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of composite material preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an in-situ synthesized WC reinforced WCu moving arc contact surface layer.
Background
The tungsten copper composite material (WCu) is widely applied to various materials such as circuit breakers, high-voltage switches and the like because of excellent arc erosion resistance, high-temperature strength and welding resistance, and is typically applied to tungsten copper/copper alloy integral contact materials.
With the continuous development of power systems, especially the continuous expansion of power grids, the contact material of the core component of the traditional high-voltage switch equipment is required to have the new characteristics of long service life, large capacity and small volume, so that the tungsten-copper end of the tungsten-copper/copper alloy integral contact material is required to have higher arc erosion resistance, wear resistance and high-temperature strength so as to resist mechanical friction deformation and arc ablation between the tungsten-copper end and a static arc contact in a high-temperature service environment. The research shows that the introduction of ceramic particles such as carbide into the WCu composite material can obviously improve the properties of the material such as hardness, arc erosion resistance and the like, but the contradiction between the improvement of the properties and the relative reduction of the conductivity is difficult to solve.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of an in-situ synthesized WC reinforced WCu moving arc contact surface layer, which improves the arc erosion resistance, high-temperature strength and wear resistance of the WCu moving arc contact surface layer without changing the whole conductivity.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the preparation method of the in-situ synthesized WC reinforced WCu moving arc contact surface layer is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, preparing a WCu composite material;
step 2, preparing a graphite rod/WCu precursor
Processing the WCu composite material prepared in the step 1 into a WCu matrix with a certain specification by using a machine, annularly arranging a plurality of holes in the Z-axis direction of the cross section of the WCu matrix, and inserting a graphite rod into the holes to obtain a graphite rod/WCu precursor;
step 3, carbonization treatment
Vertically placing the graphite rod/WCu precursor obtained in the step (2) in a zirconia square boat, then placing the zirconia square boat in an argon atmosphere protection horizontal tube furnace for diffusion carbonization, and cooling to obtain a WCu composite material with WC reinforced phases in columnar structure distribution and gradient reinforcement;
step 4, machining
And (4) processing the WCu composite material with the WC reinforcing phase obtained in the step (3) in a columnar structure distribution gradient reinforcement mode into a circular sleeve.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
the WCu composite material prepared in the step 1 is obtained by mixing powder, pressing, infiltration and sintering according to a conventional infiltration sintering method, wherein the mass fraction of W in the WCu composite material is 70-80%.
The size of the WCu matrix in step 2 is
The graphite rod has a size of
And 2, the diameter of the hole is 2mm, the depth of the hole is 10mm, the distance between the center of each hole and the edge of the WCu substrate is 3mm, and the central angles formed by the centers of two adjacent holes and the circle center of the cross section of the WCu substrate are 36 degrees.
The carbonization conditions in step 3 are as follows: the heating rate is 10-20 ℃/min, the target temperature is 1000-1100 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 40-120 min.
And in the step 4, the wall thickness of the round sleeve is 2 mm.
The method for preparing the in-situ self-generated WC reinforced WCu moving arc contact surface layer has the beneficial effects that the reinforced phase WC is distributed in a columnar structure along the Z-axis direction to inhibit the further expansion of transverse cracks generated by thermal stress, so that the deformation resistance of the WCu moving arc contact surface layer is improved, meanwhile, the reinforced phase WC in the horizontal direction is distributed in a gradient structure from inside to outside, and the annular section forms WC-WCu-WC tissue interval network-shaped distribution, so that the overall conductivity of the WCu moving arc contact is ensured, and the arc erosion resistance, the high temperature strength and the wear resistance of the WCu moving arc contact surface layer are improved by virtue of the excellent high temperature performance of the WC and the good interface combination with a substrate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a graphite rod/WCu precursor for a method for preparing an in-situ autogenous WC reinforced WCu moving arc contact surface layer according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a WC reinforced phase gradient reinforced WCu composite material prepared by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention relates to a preparation method of an in-situ synthesized WC reinforced WCu moving arc contact surface layer, which is implemented by the following steps:
step 1, preparing WCu composite material
According to a conventional infiltration sintering method, the WCu composite material is obtained by mixing powder, pressing, infiltration and sintering, wherein the mass fraction of W in the WCu composite material is 70-80%, the mass fraction of Cu is 20-30%, and the sum of the mass fractions of W and Cu is 100%;
step 2, preparing a graphite rod/WCu precursor
As shown in fig. 1, the WCu composite material prepared in step 1 is processed into
And a plurality of holes are annularly arranged in the Z-axis direction of the cross section of the WCu substrate
Inserting the graphite rod into the hole to obtain a graphite rod/WCu precursor;
the diameter of each hole is 2mm, the depth of each hole is 10mm, the distance between the center of each hole and the edge of the WCu base body is 3mm, and the central angles formed by the centers of two adjacent holes and the circle center of the cross section of the WCu base body are both 36 degrees;
step 3, carbonization treatment
Vertically placing the graphite rod/WCu precursor obtained in the step (2) in a zirconia square boat, then placing the zirconia square boat in a horizontal tube furnace protected by argon atmosphere to heat to 1000-1100 ℃ at a heating rate of 10-20 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 40-120 min to carry out diffusion carbonization, and cooling to obtain the WCu composite material with the WC reinforcing phase distributed in a columnar structure and strengthened in a gradient manner as shown in the figure 2;
step 4, machining
And (4) processing the WCu composite material with the WC reinforcing phase obtained in the step (3) in a columnar structure distribution gradient reinforcement mode into a circular sleeve with the wall thickness of 2mm so as to meet the use requirement of the moving arc contact.
The invention relates to a method for preparing an in-situ synthesized WC reinforced WCu moving arc contact surface layer, which selects a graphite rod as a solid-phase carbon source and is characterized in that: the graphite rod hardly contains other impurity elements except C element, and the carbonization reaction is efficient and pure; secondly, the graphite rod has higher melting point, low thermal expansion coefficient, good extreme cold and heat resistance and easy processing, and ensures the dimensional matching with the matrix WCu material, so that the carbonization reaction is fully carried out.
Example 1
Step 1, preparing WCu composite material
According to a conventional infiltration sintering method, the WCu composite material is obtained by mixing powder, pressing, infiltration and sintering, wherein the mass fraction of W in the WCu composite material is 70%, and the mass fraction of Cu is 30%;
step 2, preparing a graphite rod/WCu precursor
The WCu composite material prepared in the step 1 is processed into
And a plurality of holes are annularly arranged in the Z-axis direction of the cross section of the WCu substrate
Inserting the graphite rod into the hole to obtain a graphite rod/WCu precursor;
the diameter of each hole is 2mm, the depth of each hole is 10mm, the distance between the center of each hole and the edge of the WCu base body is 3mm, and the central angles formed by the centers of two adjacent holes and the circle center of the cross section of the WCu base body are both 36 degrees;
step 3, carbonization treatment
Vertically placing the graphite rod/WCu precursor obtained in the step (2) in a zirconia square boat, then placing the zirconia square boat in a horizontal tube furnace protected by argon atmosphere, firstly introducing argon (Ar) for 40min to remove air in a quartz tube, then heating the quartz tube to 1000 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 40min to carry out diffusion carbonization, and cooling to obtain the WCu composite material with the WC reinforced phase in a columnar structure distribution and gradient reinforcement;
step 4, machining
And (4) processing the WCu composite material with the WC reinforcing phase obtained in the step (3) in a columnar structure distribution gradient reinforcement mode into a circular sleeve with the wall thickness of 2mm so as to meet the use requirement of the moving arc contact.
Example 2
Step 1, preparing WCu composite material
According to a conventional infiltration sintering method, the WCu composite material is obtained by mixing powder, pressing, infiltration and sintering, wherein the mass fraction of W in the WCu composite material is 75%, and the mass fraction of Cu is 25%;
step 2, preparing a graphite rod/WCu precursor
The WCu composite material prepared in the step 1 is processed into
And a plurality of holes are annularly arranged in the Z-axis direction of the cross section of the WCu substrate
Inserting the graphite rod into the hole to obtain a graphite rod/WCu precursor;
the diameter of each hole is 2mm, the depth of each hole is 10mm, the distance between the center of each hole and the edge of the WCu base body is 3mm, and the central angles formed by the centers of two adjacent holes and the circle center of the cross section of the WCu base body are both 36 degrees;
step 3, carbonization treatment
Vertically placing the graphite rod/WCu precursor obtained in the step (2) in a zirconia square boat, then placing the zirconia square boat in a horizontal tube furnace protected by argon atmosphere, firstly introducing argon (Ar) for 40min to remove air in a quartz tube, then heating the quartz tube to 1050 ℃ at a heating rate of 15 ℃/min, preserving heat for 80min to perform diffusion carbonization, and cooling to obtain a WCu composite material with a WC reinforced phase in a columnar structure distribution gradient reinforcement;
step 4, machining
And (4) processing the WCu composite material with the WC reinforcing phase obtained in the step (3) in a columnar structure distribution gradient reinforcement mode into a circular sleeve with the wall thickness of 2mm so as to meet the use requirement of the moving arc contact.
Example 3
Step 1, preparing WCu composite material
According to a conventional infiltration sintering method, the WCu composite material is obtained by mixing powder, pressing, infiltration and sintering, wherein the mass fraction of W in the WCu composite material is 80%, and the mass fraction of Cu is 20%;
step 2, preparing a graphite rod/WCu precursor
The WCu composite material prepared in the step 1 is processed into
And a plurality of holes are annularly arranged in the Z-axis direction of the cross section of the WCu substrate
Inserting the graphite rod into the hole to obtain a graphite rod/WCu precursor;
the diameter of each hole is 2mm, the depth of each hole is 10mm, the distance between the center of each hole and the edge of the WCu base body is 3mm, and the central angles formed by the centers of two adjacent holes and the circle center of the cross section of the WCu base body are both 36 degrees;
step 3, carbonization treatment
Vertically placing the graphite rod/WCu precursor obtained in the step (2) in a zirconia square boat, then placing the zirconia square boat in a horizontal tube furnace protected by argon atmosphere, firstly introducing argon (Ar) for 40min to remove air in a quartz tube, then heating the quartz tube to 1100 ℃ at a heating rate of 20 ℃/min, preserving heat for 120min to carry out diffusion carbonization, and cooling to obtain a WCu composite material with WC reinforced phases in a columnar structure distribution and gradient reinforcement;
step 4, machining
And (4) processing the WCu composite material with the WC reinforcing phase obtained in the step (3) in a columnar structure distribution gradient reinforcement mode into a circular sleeve with the wall thickness of 2mm so as to meet the use requirement of the moving arc contact.
The invention relates to a preparation method of an in-situ self-generated WC reinforced WCu moving arc contact surface layer, which is characterized in that a WCu composite material is prepared by a traditional infiltration sintering method, after a ring-shaped arranged graphite rod is inserted, the columnar structural distribution of reinforced phase WC along the Z-axis direction is realized through in-situ diffusion carbonization treatment, so that the further expansion of transverse cracks generated by thermal stress is inhibited, the deformation resistance of the WCu composite material is improved, meanwhile, the reinforced phase WC in the horizontal direction is in gradient structural distribution from inside to outside, and the annular section forms WC-WCu-WC tissue interval network-shaped distribution, so that the integral conductivity of the WCu moving arc contact is ensured; by means of excellent high-temperature performance of WC and good interface combination with a substrate, the arc erosion resistance, high-temperature strength and wear resistance of the surface layer of the WCu moving arc contact are improved.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of an in-situ synthesized WC reinforced WCu moving arc contact surface layer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, preparing a WCu composite material;
step 2, preparing a graphite rod/WCu precursor
Processing the WCu composite material prepared in the step 1 into a WCu matrix with a certain specification by using a machine, annularly arranging a plurality of holes in the Z-axis direction of the cross section of the WCu matrix, and inserting a graphite rod into the holes to obtain a graphite rod/WCu precursor;
step 3, carbonization treatment
Vertically placing the graphite rod/WCu precursor obtained in the step (2) in a zirconia square boat, then placing the zirconia square boat in an argon atmosphere protection horizontal tube furnace for diffusion carbonization, and cooling to obtain a WCu composite material with WC reinforced phases in columnar structure distribution and gradient reinforcement;
step 4, machining
And (4) processing the WCu composite material with the WC reinforcing phase obtained in the step (3) in a columnar structure distribution gradient reinforcement mode into a circular sleeve.
2. The method for preparing the WCu moving arc contact surface layer reinforced by the in-situ autogenous WC as claimed in claim 1, wherein the WCu composite material prepared in the step 1 is obtained by mixing powder, pressing, infiltration and sintering according to a conventional infiltration sintering method, and the mass fraction of W in the WCu composite material is 70-80%.
3. The method for preparing the surface layer of the WCu moving arc contact strengthened by the in-situ synthesized WC in the claim 1, wherein the size of the WCu matrix in the step 2 is as follows
The graphite rod has a size of
4. The method for preparing the surface layer of the WCu moving arc contact strengthened by the in-situ self-generated WC, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diameter of the hole in step 2 is 2mm, the depth of the hole is 10mm, the center of each hole is 3mm away from the edge of the WCu substrate, and the central angles formed by the centers of two adjacent holes and the center of the cross section of the WCu substrate are both 36 °.
5. The method for preparing the surface layer of the in-situ synthesized WC reinforced WCu moving arc contact according to claim 1, wherein the carbonization conditions in step 3 are as follows: the heating rate is 10-20 ℃/min, the target temperature is 1000-1100 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 40-120 min.
6. The method for preparing the surface layer of the in-situ synthesized WC reinforced WCu moving arc contact according to claim 1, wherein the wall thickness of the round sleeve in step 4 is 2 mm.
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Citations (5)
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| JPH07215781A (en) * | 1994-02-03 | 1995-08-15 | Tokai Carbon Co Ltd | Silicon carbide-based composite material and its production |
| CN101261905A (en) * | 2008-01-30 | 2008-09-10 | 西安理工大学 | A method for making WCu-CeO2 contact header material |
| JP2017128802A (en) * | 2016-01-15 | 2017-07-27 | 昭和電工株式会社 | Metal-graphite composite material and production method of the same |
| CN107130126A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-09-05 | 西安理工大学 | A kind of CNT strengthens the preparation method of tungsten-copper composite material |
| CN110408811A (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-11-05 | 西安理工大学 | A kind of method that in-situ authigenic tungsten boride strengthens CuW alloy |
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2020
- 2020-08-12 CN CN202010806656.8A patent/CN112086307B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH07215781A (en) * | 1994-02-03 | 1995-08-15 | Tokai Carbon Co Ltd | Silicon carbide-based composite material and its production |
| CN101261905A (en) * | 2008-01-30 | 2008-09-10 | 西安理工大学 | A method for making WCu-CeO2 contact header material |
| JP2017128802A (en) * | 2016-01-15 | 2017-07-27 | 昭和電工株式会社 | Metal-graphite composite material and production method of the same |
| CN107130126A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-09-05 | 西安理工大学 | A kind of CNT strengthens the preparation method of tungsten-copper composite material |
| CN110408811A (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-11-05 | 西安理工大学 | A kind of method that in-situ authigenic tungsten boride strengthens CuW alloy |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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| 宫鑫等: "钨铜合金电触头材料的最新研究进展", 《广东电力》 * |
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