CN112084544A - BIM model and drawing comparison method and system based on completion files - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a BIM (building information modeling) model and drawing comparison method and system based on completion files, which comprises the following steps: a data reading module: reading drawings and drawing related information in the BIM model and completion files; drawing alignment module: providing the functions of aligning and matching the BIM model and the drawing; an image processing module: providing a function of processing auxiliary operation on the BIM and the drawing; a comparison analysis module: and acquiring a comparison result of the processing result of the image processing module by adopting a preset parameter group through an intelligent comparison algorithm. The invention provides a solution for comparing a three-dimensional model with a two-dimensional drawing, fills the gap of products in the market, solves the problem of continuous operation and maintenance use of a BIM model, and enables the value of the model to be utilized to the maximum.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of computer graphics, in particular to a BIM (building information modeling) model and drawing comparison method and system based on completion files.
Background
BIM (building Information Model) is widely used in construction projects as an important technology for informatization of construction industry under the promotion of the state and the increasing industry standard requirements. However, since the BIM technology is not only a brand new technology but also in a rapid development period, the use of many projects is still in a fumbling stage, and the project management driven by the original two-dimensional drawing can not be completely converted into a three-dimensional model-dominated mode, and the BIM model is only used as an auxiliary management tool for projects in a form of 'make a better and better' style. Currently, the BIM model is mostly modeled and used according to a two-dimensional drawing in the early stage of a project, but because the duration period of a construction project is long, and the use of a model by a construction unit is concentrated in the early and middle stages, the continuous maintenance power of the model by the construction unit is insufficient. And because only two-dimensional drawings are taken as delivery standards in the traditional workflow, the problems that model acceptance and subsequent operation and maintenance use are seriously influenced due to the fact that the model and the drawings are not unified caused by untimely change, omission of change and incorrect change of the model are often caused in the process of completing a project.
Therefore, as a bridge in a project construction phase and an operation and maintenance phase, verification and acceptance of a completion phase file need to compare the BIM model with a completion drawing to ensure smooth transmission of the model in different life cycle phases so as to maximize the use efficacy of the BIM model.
Although some tools for comparing models or drawings exist at present, the method has the following defects that (1) only three-dimensional models are compared with each other or two-dimensional drawings are compared with each other, and a scheme for comparing the three-dimensional models and the corresponding two-dimensional drawings does not exist, so that the requirement of completion comparison cannot be met; (2) the drawing and the three-dimensional model need to be uploaded respectively for comparison, and the consistency of comparison content and completion files cannot be ensured.
Patent document CN109191576A discloses a layer classification method for converting a building drawing into a three-dimensional BIM model, which converts a CAD drawing into a BIM model, but cannot compare the CAD drawing with the BIM model.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a BIM (building information modeling) model and drawing comparison method and system based on completion files.
The invention provides a BIM (building information modeling) model and drawing comparison system based on completion files, which comprises:
a data reading module: reading drawings and drawing related information in the BIM model and completion files;
drawing alignment module: providing the functions of aligning and matching the BIM model and the drawing;
an image processing module: providing a function of processing auxiliary operation on the BIM and the drawing;
a comparison analysis module: and acquiring a comparison result of the processing result of the image processing module by adopting a preset parameter group through an intelligent comparison algorithm.
Preferably, the data reading module includes:
a model reading submodule: reading the BIM from the background according to the belonged project and the number of the building monomer;
a drawing reading submodule: and reading the drawing and the drawing related information from the file submitted by the project, and preloading.
Preferably, the as built archive based BIM model and drawing comparison system further includes:
a model management module: acquiring a BIM read by a model read-in submodule, managing the BIM, providing conventional operation to the BIM and providing a required BIM for other operations;
a drawing management module: and acquiring the drawing and the drawing related information read by the drawing reading sub-module, and calling the model management module according to the displayed drawing.
Preferably, the drawing alignment module includes:
drawing rotation submodule: providing functions including rotation, horizontal turning and vertical turning of drawings;
and a drawing registration submodule: and registering the drawing and the BIM model by multi-point selection matching.
Preferably, the image processing module includes:
a model image post-processing submodule: the post-processing of the BIM model in the picture at the pixel level can be carried out;
a drawing image post-processing submodule: the effect adjustment of the drawing and the superposition effect of the drawing and the model can be processed;
the picture effect processing submodule: and adjusting the display effect of the picture.
Preferably, the system further comprises a question feedback module: the problems found in the comparison are reflected by means of screenshots and annotations.
Preferably, the system further comprises a user operation module: and providing a graphical interactive interface, receiving an operation command performed by a user, and transmitting corresponding information to other modules to realize operation.
Preferably, the comparison result comprises a comparison score and a comparison image result.
According to the BIM model and drawing comparison method based on the completion file, the BIM model and drawing comparison system based on the completion file is adopted to compare the BIM model and the drawing.
Preferably, the method for comparing the BIM model based on the as built archive and the drawing specifically includes:
reading a BIM model and a drawing;
aligning the BIM model and the drawing;
carrying out manual comparison or intelligent comparison;
the manual alignment comprises: reflecting the problems found in the comparison in a screenshot and annotation mode;
the intelligent comparison comprises: and processing the three-dimensional image of the BIM in the picture according to the parameters and then comparing the processed three-dimensional image with the two-dimensional image of the drawing to obtain a comparison score.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the invention provides a solution for comparing a three-dimensional model with a two-dimensional drawing, fills the gap of products in the market, solves the problem of continuous operation and maintenance use of a BIM model, and enables the value of the model to be utilized to the maximum.
2) The invention not only provides a comparison image for assisting the decision of the user provided by common comparison software, but also provides intelligent comparison, generates a comparison result by one key, can know the coincidence degree of the comparison from quantitative indexes, and can carry out comparison.
3) The model and the drawing are directly extracted from the completion file, so that not only is the step of uploading by a user omitted, but also the possibility of human processing errors is reduced, and the comparison result can be ensured to be consistent with the completion data.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the operation of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the system for comparing BIM models and drawings based on as-built files according to the present invention includes:
1. the data reading module is used for reading BIM models used by projects, drawings and related information contained in completion files and the like, and comprises the following sub-modules:
and the model reading sub-module reads the light BIM from the background according to the belonged item and the building monomer number and gives the model management module to carry out overall management after the model reading sub-module reads the light BIM. The traditional BIM model is very heavy, can only be checked on a PC platform, and occupies a large disk space and a large memory required by operation. For this purpose, the system uses a face subtraction algorithm (from Garland, Michael, and Paul s.heckbert) based on a second-order grid error metric to perform face subtraction of the side model, and compress the graphics information after face subtraction into dense digital information. The digital information is imaged when being checked in real time, so that the memory occupation is greatly reduced, and model checking management can be carried out on WEB and mobile terminals.
And the drawing reading sub-module extracts the construction drawing and related information from the file submitted by the project, pre-loads the construction drawing and the related information, and then delivers the construction drawing and the related information to the drawing management module for management.
2. A model management module, which is mainly the hub for managing the BIM model, including all normal operations on the model (including but not limited to selecting, switching floors, viewing related information) and providing the required model for other operations, etc.
3. And the drawing management module manages the project drawings, stores the images, the numbers, the belonged professions, the belonged floors and other information of the drawings, and can transfer the model management module to switch the professions and the floors according to the display drawings. The archive file does not contain the association between the drawing and the profession and the floor, but the linkage adjustment between the drawing and the profession and the floor is essential in order to simplify the comparison operation to the maximum extent. For this reason, the system takes the approach of extracting relational keywords from the data to complete the association. Since the project plan drawing generally only contains the contents of a professional floor (or multiple floors of the same structure), and the name of the drawing generally contains professional and floor descriptions, the system reads the information of the drawing from the filing database and extracts keywords. And simultaneously, the system reads model layering and professional information from the model information and carries out fuzzy comparison with the drawing information to obtain the profession and the floor to which the drawing belongs.
4. And the user operation module is a program graphical interactive interface and is mainly used for receiving operation commands performed by users and transmitting corresponding information to each module to realize operation.
5. The drawing alignment module is used for aligning the drawing and the model and comprises the following sub-modules:
and the drawing rotating sub-module provides the functions of rotating, horizontally turning, vertically turning the drawing and the like.
And the drawing registration submodule registers the drawing and the model through multi-point selection matching.
6. And the image processing module is used for processing the image of the model and the drawing for auxiliary operation or comparison. For plane comparison, the biggest problems of drawing and model comparison are the problem of drawing background removal and the problem of difficulty in distinguishing graphics overlay. Under a general idea, an image partial interception technology (i.e., "matting") is used to remove the background, but the "matting" error is large, the effect cannot be guaranteed, and part of the pixel information is erased. Based on the fact that a drawing is generally a black-background white word or a white-background black word, namely the background color value (RGB) of the drawing is generally 000000 or FFFFFF, the system adopts a mode of image mixing and image effect processing to solve the two problems and assist manual comparison. Specifically, a Shader is used for programming, for each pixel, the value of the pixel and the color in a color buffer are calculated, the background is removed by using the particularity of black and white values (black is the minimum value of bytes, and white is the maximum value of bytes), the model and the drawing are overlapped in different modes through different pixel mixing algorithms, the outline and the difference of the model and the drawing are highlighted, and the examination and the comparison are convenient. Due to the use of real-time computing and display techniques, there is no erasure or loss of pixel information. In addition, in order to prevent the color of the model image from being similar to that of the drawing, the system provides a 'dyeing' function to adjust the outline color of the drawing, and provides a picture post-processing function to adjust the brightness, saturation and contrast of the whole picture, so that the difference between the model and the drawing is easy to observe. The module includes the following sub-modules:
and the model image post-processing submodule is used for performing pixel-level post-processing on the image of the model in the picture.
And the drawing image post-processing submodule is used for adjusting the effect of the drawing and processing the superposition effect of the drawing and the model (such as linear deepening, linear reducing, positive film overlaying, color filtering and the like).
And the picture effect processing submodule is used for adjusting the brightness, the saturation, the contrast and the like of the whole picture.
7. And the comparison analysis module is a core module for comparing the model with the drawing, adopts a plurality of preset parameter groups, uses the image processing module to process the model and the drawing, and obtains the comparison score and the comparison image result through an intelligent comparison algorithm. The preset parameter group is obtained from a large number of construction drawings and model comparison results, the comparison conditions of the vast majority can be covered, and the group with the highest score is extracted from the results using different parameter groups, namely the final result. In the comparative analysis, the long time consumption is a big problem, and a large amount of analysis work occupies extremely much CPU time. The system decomposes tasks into a CPU calculation part with bias logic processing and a GPU calculation part with bias independence and repetitive work, and greatly shortens analysis and calculation time by utilizing application characteristics determined by basic structures of the CPU and the GPU. In addition, after work is decomposed and redistributed, a bottleneck stage can be obtained by observing the respective occupation time of the CPU and the GPU, so that calculation is further distributed evenly, and efficiency maximization is achieved.
8. And the problem feedback module is used for feeding back a comparison result during manual comparison and can reflect the problems found in the comparison in a screenshot and annotation mode.
As shown in fig. 2, the invention further provides a method for comparing a BIM model and a drawing based on an as-built file, which performs a BIM model and drawing comparison by using the system for comparing a BIM model and a drawing based on an as-built file, and specifically comprises the following steps: reading the BIM model and the drawing, aligning the BIM model and the drawing, and carrying out manual comparison or intelligent comparison. The manual comparison comprises the following steps: the problems found in the comparison are reflected by means of screenshots and annotations. The intelligent comparison comprises the following steps: and processing the three-dimensional image of the BIM in the picture according to the parameters and then comparing the processed three-dimensional image with the two-dimensional image of the drawing to obtain a comparison score.
Example 1:
intelligent comparison of models: after a user enters the system, a data reading module of the system reads background data and reads BIM (building information modeling) models, drawings, drawing information and the like of corresponding items. After the data are read in, the drawing management module displays the drawing lists which can be produced and seen by the user in a classified mode according to different professional floors of the drawing so that the user can select the drawing which needs to be compared. After the user selects the drawing, the drawing management module automatically switches the models of the corresponding major and the corresponding floor through the read drawing additional information of the linkage model management module, and loads the drawing into a scene for display. Because the drawing is possibly not in the direction and the front and back sides, the drawing alignment module of the system provides operations such as rotation and turning, and the drawing is operated through the matrix operation, so that the directions of the drawing and the model can be aligned. Then, by selecting the registration operation of point positions, the system calculates the position difference and the proportion of the model and the drawing, and moves and zooms the drawing to completely align the model and the drawing. At this time, the user can select to use the intelligent comparison function of the system, and the system enters an automatic processing flow: 1) removing drawing noise and extra information; 2) extracting lines in the graph paper and converting the lines into vector information; 3) selecting a group of comparison parameters; 4) processing the three-dimensional model according to the parameters, and taking out information to be compared; 5) comparing the results of 2) and 4), and calculating a percentage score S according to the coincidence rate; 6) comparing S with the obtained S maximum value Smax, and replacing the Smax value if the current S is larger; 7) if there are no calculation parameters to compare, switching a group of parameters, and repeating step 4); 8) and outputting a maximum result Smax and a difference graph of the three-dimensional model and the two-dimensional drawing when the group of parameters is selected.
Example 2:
model-assisted alignment: after the user aligns the drawings, the system can perform different treatments according to different conditions of the drawings in the project: 1) for common white-background black-line images, a user can enable a model and a drawing to be observed in a superposition mode through adjustment and superposition modes provided by an image processing module, wherein the superposition modes comprise transparency adjustment, positive-background superposition, dimming, linear dimming, superposition, brightening, color filtering, difference value and the like, and the functions of common image processing software are covered. After selection, the system performs pixel-level processing on the current image; 2) for the black-and-white line image, the image processing module provides a reverse color option to change to the white-and-white black line, and then the operation is carried out as in 1); 3) for drawings without undertones, the image processing module provides a palette function to change the color of the drawing to better compare the drawing to the model. After the operation, the user can adjust the angle and the difference between the distance comparison drawing and the three-dimensional model, and can switch two-dimensional and three-dimensional observation details. After the user compares, the system provides the screenshot and annotation functions, can establish the problem and then attaches the screenshot description to feed back to the file delivery party.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (10)
1. A BIM model and drawing comparison system based on completion files is characterized by comprising the following components:
a data reading module: reading drawings and drawing related information in the BIM model and completion files;
drawing alignment module: providing the functions of aligning and matching the BIM model and the drawing;
an image processing module: providing a function of processing auxiliary operation on the BIM and the drawing;
a comparison analysis module: and acquiring a comparison result of the processing result of the image processing module by adopting a preset parameter group through an intelligent comparison algorithm.
2. The as built archive based BIM model and drawing comparison system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said data reading module comprises:
a model reading submodule: reading the BIM from the background according to the belonged project and the number of the building monomer;
a drawing reading submodule: and reading the drawing and the drawing related information from the file submitted by the project, and preloading.
3. The as-built file-based BIM model and drawing comparison system as claimed in claim 2, further comprising:
a model management module: acquiring a BIM read by a model read-in submodule, managing the BIM, providing conventional operation to the BIM and providing a required BIM for other operations;
a drawing management module: and acquiring the drawing and the drawing related information read by the drawing reading sub-module, and calling the model management module according to the displayed drawing.
4. The as built archive based BIM model and drawing comparison system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drawing alignment module comprises:
drawing rotation submodule: providing functions including rotation, horizontal turning and vertical turning of drawings;
and a drawing registration submodule: and registering the drawing and the BIM model by multi-point selection matching.
5. The as built archive based BIM model and drawing comparison system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said image processing module comprises:
a model image post-processing submodule: the post-processing of the BIM model in the picture at the pixel level can be carried out;
a drawing image post-processing submodule: the effect adjustment of the drawing and the superposition effect of the drawing and the model can be processed;
the picture effect processing submodule: and adjusting the display effect of the picture.
6. The as built archive based BIM model and drawing comparison system as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a question feedback module: the problems found in the comparison are reflected by means of screenshots and annotations.
7. The as built archive based BIM model and drawing comparison system as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a user operation module: and providing a graphical interactive interface, receiving an operation command performed by a user, and transmitting corresponding information to other modules to realize operation.
8. The as built archive based BIM model and drawing comparison system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the comparison results comprise comparison scores and comparison image results.
9. A BIM model and drawing comparison method based on completion files is characterized in that the BIM model and drawing comparison system based on completion files of any one of claims 1 to 8 is adopted to carry out BIM model and drawing comparison.
10. The as-built file-based BIM model and drawing comparison method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the as-built file-based BIM model and drawing comparison method specifically comprises:
reading a BIM model and a drawing;
aligning the BIM model and the drawing;
carrying out manual comparison or intelligent comparison;
the manual alignment comprises: reflecting the problems found in the comparison in a screenshot and annotation mode;
the intelligent comparison comprises: and processing the three-dimensional image of the BIM in the picture according to the parameters and then comparing the processed three-dimensional image with the two-dimensional image of the drawing to obtain a comparison score.
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