CN112082858B - Tensile strength measuring instrument capable of controlling water content and compactness state of soil body - Google Patents
Tensile strength measuring instrument capable of controlling water content and compactness state of soil body Download PDFInfo
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- CN112082858B CN112082858B CN202010820766.XA CN202010820766A CN112082858B CN 112082858 B CN112082858 B CN 112082858B CN 202010820766 A CN202010820766 A CN 202010820766A CN 112082858 B CN112082858 B CN 112082858B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0017—Tensile
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0067—Fracture or rupture
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
- G01N2203/0298—Manufacturing or preparing specimens
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
Abstract
The invention discloses a tensile strength measuring instrument capable of controlling the water content and compactness state of a soil body, wherein the left side part of a spindle-shaped organic glass mold is fixed on a rectangular organic glass base close to the lower side of the spindle-shaped organic glass mold and is fixed on an organic glass bottom plate through four bolts distributed on the base, the upper surface of the right side of the organic glass bottom plate is provided with two guide rails distributed on two sides of the bottom plate along the long edge direction, the organic glass base with two wheel shafts and two rollers is arranged above the guide rails, the right side part of the spindle-shaped organic glass mold for containing the soil body is fixed above the organic glass base, and the center of the right side of the organic glass base is connected with a traction rope and is connected with a stress sensor and a loading device through a fixed pulley at the edge of the right side of the organic glass bottom plate. The instant state of soil sample destruction can be accurately captured, simultaneously, the data of the stress sensor are compared, the destruction moment and the destruction state are accurately positioned, and the tensile strength of the soil body under different water contents or compactness states can be accurately measured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tensile strength testing of soil bodies, in particular to a tensile strength testing instrument capable of controlling the water content and compactness states of a soil body.
Background
The tensile strength of the soil body is the same as strength indexes such as compressive strength, shear strength and the like, and is an important index for measuring physical and mechanical properties of the soil body. In the forming process of the soil body, the integrity and the integrality of the original rock are damaged to different degrees, and the mechanical property shows that the soil body also has certain compressive strength and shearing strength, but the strength value is greatly reduced, and most or all of the tensile strength is lost. In engineering practice, the compressive strength and the shear strength of a soil body and the anti-destruction capacity of the soil body under the load effect are mainly considered and utilized, the numerical value of the tensile strength of the soil body is considered to be much smaller than that of the compressive strength and the shear strength, the tensile strength is more complex in measurement and difficult to control, and the tensile strength index is usually ignored in actual engineering.
However, the soil body is also commonly subjected to tension failure and crack generation under the action of tensile stress, such as tension cracks at the rear edge of a soil landslide, soil body shrinkage cracks in arid regions, common ground cracks and the like, and some engineering buildings such as transmission towers and wind driven generators also cause tension failure of the peripheral soil body under the action of horizontal load. The existence of the cracks can greatly destroy the integrity of a soil body structure, weaken mechanical properties, reduce stability, increase permeability, intensify evaporation, aggravate water and soil loss and weathering of a slope and the like, and bring a series of negative effects to geological engineering and environmental geotechnical engineering. The reason why the soil body has the tension cracks is that the tension stress exceeds the tensile strength of the soil body. With the problem of tensile failure in engineering becoming more prominent, the tensile strength characteristics of soil bodies are attracting attention of many scholars. The determination of the tensile strength of the soil body in a certain water content or compactness state has important significance for analyzing the stability of the soil body. Therefore, the system grasps the tensile strength characteristic of the soil body, and has important significance for researching the stretching failure mechanism of the soil body and preventing the soil body from cracking.
Theoretically, the tensile strength of the soil body is one of important indexes for describing the mechanical properties of the soil body as well as the compressive strength and the shear strength, and is also the basis for researching the tensile failure characteristics of the soil body. The test methods of the tensile strength of the soil body can be divided into a direct method and an indirect method. Direct methods mainly include uniaxial tensile and triaxial tensile tests. And (3) respectively applying tensile stress to the sample under the conditions of no lateral limit and triaxial stress in uniaxial tension and triaxial tension tests, and directly measuring the peak tensile stress to obtain the tensile strength. The indirect method mainly comprises the modes of a soil beam bending test, an axial fracturing test, a radial fracturing test, a pneumatic fracturing test and the like. Most of the existing testing instruments based on the methods measure the state that the soil body has certain plasticity, have certain requirements on the water content and the compactness of the soil body, and have certain limitation on the measurement precision. Therefore, the instrument capable of measuring the tensile strength of the soil body with different water contents and different compactness plays an important role in analyzing the mechanical state of the soil body and the stability of the soil slope.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a tensile strength testing instrument capable of controlling the water content and the compactness of a soil body aiming at the defects in the prior art, and the instrument can automatically record data in the process in real time, is simple to operate, has accurate results, and meets the actual requirements of scientific research and engineering.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that,
the invention relates to a horizontal soil body tensile test device, in particular to a spindle-type tensile strength test instrument capable of controlling the water content and compactness of a soil body. Including the spindle type glass mold who is used for holding the soil body, the left side part of organic glass mould is fixed in the rectangle organic glass base of next-door neighbour under it to through four bolt fastening in the organic glass bottom plate in the base, this organic glass bottom plate right side upper surface design has two to follow long limit direction, distributes in the guide rail of bottom plate both sides. An organic glass base provided with two wheel shafts and rollers is arranged above the guide rail, and the right side part of a spindle-shaped organic glass mold for containing a soil body is fixed above the organic glass base. Meanwhile, the center of the right side of the organic glass base is connected with a traction rope, and the traction rope is connected with a loading device through a fixed pulley designed at the edge of the right side of the organic glass base plate.
Specifically, the height of the spindle-shaped organic glass mold is 30mm, the width of the opening in the middle of the spindle-shaped organic glass mold is 30mm, and the distance between the left side and the right side of the spindle-shaped organic glass mold is 30 mm;
specifically, the organic glass molds on the two sides of the middle part of the spindle-type organic glass mold are of an insert type and can be pulled out after the preparation of the soil sample is finished;
specifically, a through cuboid inserting piece groove with the top part being flush with the bottom surface of the spindle organic glass mold, the width being 30mm and the height being 10mm is reserved between the cuboid inserting piece base and the left side and the right side of the spindle organic glass mold and is used for placing a separate inserting piece, and the cuboid inserting piece groove is taken out after the soil sample is prepared and before the test is started;
specifically, a displacement sensor is fixed between the left and right side bottom plates of the spindle-type organic glass mold and is used for measuring strain in the loading process in real time;
specifically, a stress sensor is arranged between the tail end of the traction rope and the loading device and used for recording the magnitude of the applied load in real time;
specifically, the stress sensor and the displacement sensor are connected with a computer through coaxial cables and controlled through corresponding data acquisition software.
Specifically, the suspended tensioned soil body in the middle of the spindle body is a cube with the length, width and height of 30 mm.
The beneficial effect of the invention is that,
the invention relates to a spindle-type horizontal soil tensile strength testing instrument capable of controlling the water content and the compactness of a soil body, which is characterized in that a soil sample with the target water content or the target compactness is prepared under the condition that inserts on two sides of the middle part and an insert on the bottom surface of the middle part of a spindle-type organic glass mold are reserved, three inserts are pulled out after the soil sample is stabilized, a loading system realizes tension, a stress sensor and a displacement sensor respectively transmit stress and strain data to a computer through coaxial cables, the instant state of soil sample damage can be accurately captured, meanwhile, the data of the stress sensor are compared, the damage moment and the damage state are accurately positioned, and the tensile strength of the soil body under different water content or compactness states can be accurately measured.
Further, the spindle-type organic glass mold can provide enough pulling force to avoid the end effect of the soil body on one hand, and on the other hand, the sliding between the soil body and the side wall of the mold is also guaranteed not to occur.
Further, the test instrument is provided with a stress sensor and a displacement sensor for testing the horizontal load and deformation applied to the soil sample. The working environments of the two sensors are consistent, the stress sensor and the displacement sensor of the invention work stably under the loading condition, and the test is accurate.
Furthermore, the pulled part of the soil body is a cube with the length, width and height of 30mm, the section size is moderate, and the stress concentration phenomenon can be ignored.
Furthermore, the method for testing the tensile strength parameters of the soil body is simple and efficient, the result obtained by comparing with other test methods is accurate, the operation method is simple, the water content or compactness state of the soil body is controllable, and the measurement efficiency is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a plan view of the structure of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a structural sectional view of the present invention.
In the drawing, 1, an organic glass bottom plate, 2, a fixing bolt, 3, a spindle-type organic glass mold left side base, 4, a spindle-type organic glass mold left side portion, 5, a spindle-type organic glass mold middle side insertion piece, 6, a fixing screw, 7, a guide rail, 8, a fixed pulley, 9, a roller, 10, a wheel shaft, 11, a spindle-type organic glass mold right side base, 12, a displacement sensor, 12-1, a displacement sensor auxiliary coaxial cable, 13, a traction rope, 14, a spindle-type organic glass mold right side portion, 15, a soil sample, 16, a displacement sensor fixing pile, 17, a stress sensor, 17-1, a stress sensor auxiliary coaxial cable, 18, a loading device, 19, a computer and 20 are square bottom insertion pieces.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the apparatus for testing tensile strength of horizontal soil body of spindle type capable of controlling water content and compactness state of soil body of the present invention includes a spindle type organic glass mold main body, a displacement sensor and a stress sensor, and a computer data processing system. The left part 4 of the spindle-type organic glass mold is fixed on a left base 3 of the spindle-type organic glass mold, the base 3 of the spindle-type organic glass mold is fixed on the left position of an organic glass bottom plate 1 through a fixing bolt 2, the right part 14 of the spindle-type organic glass mold is fixed on a right base 11 of the spindle-type organic glass mold, two wheel shafts 10 are arranged at the bottom of the base 11, and are connected with rollers 9, so that the right part of the testing device, which is composed of the right part 14 of the spindle-type organic glass mold, the right base 11 of the spindle-type organic glass mold, the wheel shafts 10 and the rollers 9, can directionally move along a slide rail 7 fixed on the organic glass bottom plate 1, the middle part of the right side of the right base 11 of the spindle-type organic glass mold at the right part of the testing device is connected with a traction rope 13, the traction rope is changed from the horizontal direction to the vertical direction after passing through a fixed pulley 8 and is connected with a stress sensor 17, the other side of the stress sensor 17 is connected with a loading device, the stress sensor 17 is connected with a computer 19 through a displacement sensor auxiliary coaxial cable 17-1, and stress data in the test process are transmitted.
The testing soil sample mold consists of a spindle-type organic glass mold left side part 4, a spindle-type organic glass mold middle side inserting piece 5, a square bottom inserting piece 20 and a spindle-type organic glass mold right side part 14, a soil sample with target water content or target compactness is prepared after the parts are installed, the organic glass mold middle side inserting piece 5 and the square bottom inserting piece 20 are taken out after the soil sample is stabilized, the soil sample suspension part is the part participating in tension testing, and the length, the width and the height of the soil sample of the testing part are all 30 mm.
The displacement sensor 12 is fixed on a displacement sensor fixing pile 16 which is respectively connected with the left base 3 and the right base 11 of the spindle type organic glass mold through fixing screws 6, and is connected to a computer 19 through a displacement sensor auxiliary coaxial cable 12-1 to transmit displacement data in the test process.
And (3) preparing a soil sample with certain water content and compactness according to the experimental objective requirement, uniformly stirring, and standing in a sealed container for 24 hours to remove air bubbles in the soil sample.
The spindle-type test mould is placed stably, and three movable insertion pieces are installed on two sides 5 and the bottom 20 of the middle part of the mould, so that the mould is temporarily in a bottom and side closed state, and a soil sample is placed smoothly. And filling the prepared soil sample into a spindle-type testing mold by using tools such as a small spoon, and scraping the soil sample on the upper surface layer of the mold by using a smooth tool after filling.
The tail end of the strain sensor 12 and the probe are respectively fixed on the left 4 and the right 14 sides of the spindle-shaped testing mould through fixing screws 6 and used for testing the overall displacement in the subsequent soil body stretching process. And a traction rope 13 which is connected with the central part of the right die, the stress sensor 12 and the loading device 18 is placed on the fixed pulley 8. The displacement sensor 12 and the stress sensor 17 are respectively connected with the computer 19 through the auxiliary coaxial cables 12-1 and 17-1, and displacement and stress data in the test process are transmitted in real time.
Three movable inserting pieces 5 and 10 which are placed before are taken out, and the middle soil sample of the spindle type organic glass mold keeps a suspended state. The loading device 18 at the tail end of the traction rope 13 gradually and cumulatively applies a vertical downward pulling force, and the right side 14 of the spindle-type organic glass mold moves to the right side along the two sliding rails 7 under the action of the pulling force. The suspended soil sample in the middle part is continuously pulled until being damaged. The left 4 and right 14 sides of the spindle-shaped organic glass die are completely separated, and the experiment is finished. During this process, the strain 12 and strain sensor 17 transmit data to the computer 19 in real time.
And (4) calculating the tensile stress borne by the soil body in the stretching process according to the data obtained by the experiment. When the middle suspended soil body is completely destroyed, the tensile stress reaches the maximum value, namely the tensile strength of the soil body.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the tensile strength calculation formula is as follows:
in the above formula, σ is the tensile strength of soil body, TmaxThe maximum net tension force N applied to the tensioned soil body when the soil sample is damagedmaxThe maximum tensile force displayed by the stress sensor when the test soil sample is damaged is shown, f is the sliding rail friction force when the soil sample is not loaded, and A is the cross section of the pulled soil sample.
Claims (5)
1. A tensile strength measuring instrument capable of controlling the water content and compactness of a soil body is characterized by comprising a spindle-type organic glass mold for containing the soil body, two organic glass bases respectively positioned below the spindle-type molds on the left side and the right side, and a large-size organic glass bottom plate positioned at the lowest part and used for supporting the organic glass mold and the organic glass base, wherein the left side part of the spindle-type organic glass mold is fixed on the rectangular organic glass base close to the lower part of the spindle-type organic glass mold and is fixed on the organic glass bottom plate at the lowest part of the mold through four bolts distributed on the base, the upper surface of the right side of the organic glass bottom plate is provided with two guide rails distributed on two sides of the bottom plate along the long edge direction, the organic glass base with two wheel shafts and two rollers is arranged above the guide rails, the right side part of the spindle-type organic glass mold for containing the soil body is fixed above the organic glass base, meanwhile, the center of the right side of the organic glass base is connected with a traction rope, and is connected with a stress sensor and a loading device through a fixed pulley at the edge of the right side of the organic glass bottom plate at the lowest part, the height of the spindle-type organic glass mold is 20-40mm, the width of the opening at the middle part is 20-40mm, the distance between the left part of the spindle-type organic glass mold and the right part of the spindle-type organic glass mold is 20-40mm, the left side, the right side and the lower part of the middle part of the spindle-type organic glass mold are provided with through cuboid inserting grooves for placing three separated inserting pieces, the inserting pieces can be moved out after the soil sample is prepared, the width of the inserting pieces at the two sides of the middle part of the spindle-type organic glass mold is 20-40mm, the width of the inserting pieces at the two sides is 20-40mm, the top of the inserting pieces which are flush with the bottom surface of the spindle-type organic glass mold and is 20-40mm wide, and is reserved between the organic glass bases fixed with the left side and right side of the spindle-type organic glass mold, the height of the cuboid insert groove is 10mm, the left insert piece, the right insert piece and the lower insert piece are taken out before testing is started after the soil sample is prepared, and accordingly the stretchable suspended soil body is prepared, and the length, the width and the height of the suspended soil body are 20-40 mm.
2. The tensile strength measuring instrument capable of controlling the state of water content and compactness of a soil body according to claim 1, wherein a displacement sensor is fixed between the left and right side bottom plates of the spindle-type organic glass mold for measuring the strain in the loading process in real time.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a stress sensor is installed between the end of the hauling cable and the loading device for real-time recording of the magnitude of the applied load.
4. The tensile strength measuring instrument capable of controlling the state of water content and compactness of a soil body according to claim 1, wherein the stress sensor and the displacement sensor are connected with the computer through coaxial cables and controlled through corresponding data acquisition software.
5. The tensile strength measuring instrument capable of controlling the states of water content and compactness of a soil body according to claim 1, wherein the suspended tensioned soil body in the middle of the soil sample in the spindle-type organic glass mold is a cube with the length, width and height of 20-40 mm.
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| CN202010820766.XA CN112082858B (en) | 2020-08-14 | 2020-08-14 | Tensile strength measuring instrument capable of controlling water content and compactness state of soil body |
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| CN202010820766.XA CN112082858B (en) | 2020-08-14 | 2020-08-14 | Tensile strength measuring instrument capable of controlling water content and compactness state of soil body |
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| CN104062173A (en) * | 2014-06-24 | 2014-09-24 | 北京交通大学 | Soil tensile strength testing apparatus |
| CN104062180A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2014-09-24 | 河海大学 | Experiment device and method for testing uniaxial drawing property of soil body |
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2020
- 2020-08-14 CN CN202010820766.XA patent/CN112082858B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
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| CN102901669A (en) * | 2012-08-23 | 2013-01-30 | 苏州南智传感科技有限公司 | 8-analogue-shaped soil uniaxial tensile tester |
| CN103698209A (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2014-04-02 | 中山大学 | Soil vertical pulling intensity tester |
| CN103743624A (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-04-23 | 河海大学 | Method for testing change rule of microstructure in soil stretching process |
| CN203772614U (en) * | 2014-02-08 | 2014-08-13 | 河海大学 | Sample preparation mould for soil mass tensile tests |
| CN104062180A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2014-09-24 | 河海大学 | Experiment device and method for testing uniaxial drawing property of soil body |
| CN104062173A (en) * | 2014-06-24 | 2014-09-24 | 北京交通大学 | Soil tensile strength testing apparatus |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 《TENSILE STRENGTH OF COMPACTED AND SATURATED SOILS USING NEWLY DEVELOPED TENSILE STRENGTH MEASURING APPARATUS》;SURENDRA BAHADUR TAMRAKAR等;《SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS》;20051231;第103-110页 * |
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